Bai Giang - Phu-chuong 2 dinh dưỡng

7/26/2019 Bai Giang - Phu-chuong 2 dinh dng

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GII PHU SINH L TR MM NON

GV: ThS. Thi HuPhEmail:[email protected]

CHNG IIC IM H THN KINH TR EM

- CCH CHM SC V BO V


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I. Vai tr cahthnkinh

- iukhinshotngcacc cquan trong cth.

- Phihpv iuho shotngcacc cquan lm

cho c th thch nghi vi thay i thngxuyn cami

trngv c thciton.

Nhc hthnkinh, con ngic tduy v tm l.

Vno l csvtchtcatonbhotngtm l conngi.

II. Cutohthnkinh ngi

1. Tbo thnkinh (Nron)

HTK ccutotnhiuTBTK (nron).

-Nronkhng sinh ra khi sng, 30 tuimt snron

-Nronl nhngtbo cbitho cao thch nghi vi

chcnngpht sinh v dntruynxung ngthnkinh.

TBTK va l nvcutrc va l nvchcnng

cahthnkinh.


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Cc t bo thn kinh

c hnh dng, kch

thc khc nhau

nhng u gm 3

phn:

- Thn tbo

- Tua gai- sitrc

Thn tbo:hnh cu, hnh que, hnh thp, hnh sao.

- C nguyn sinh cht& nhn gingcc tbo khc.

- Chav snhnghtmu xm chanhiuDNA (thng

tin di truyn).

- Tonn chtxm nmbn trong tusng,phnvca

bn cuino v tiuno, mtsim ri rc div

no.


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Tua gai: l nhng tua bo tng ngn v

phn nhnh gnthn tbo. Mitbo c

nhiutua gai.

Sitrc

- l mttua bo tngdi.

- u tn cng chia thnh nhiunhnh, mi nhnh tn

cngbngcc tncng.

- Sitrcc chachtmyelin (l chtc tnh cch in).

- Cc sitrctptrung thnh tngb dy thnkinh, to

nn chttrngcahthnkinhdntruynxung ng

thnkinh


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Sinap

- Cc t bo thn kinh ni vi nhau qua sinap (khp thn

kinh).

- Sinap l ni tipxc gianhnh tncng casi trc t

bo thnkinh trcviuigai hoc thn ca tbo thn

kinh tiptheo.

- Cc xung ng thnkinh khi qua Sinap bao gicngchdntruyntheo mtchiu.

2. Hthnkinh ngi.


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H THN KINH NGI

TK TRUNG NG TK NGOI BIN

NO B TY SNG DY TK

2.1. NO B


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2.1. NO B

2.1. NO B


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No bl phnpht trinrtmnh.

Trong qu trnh pht trin, no cchia thnh 3 phn

tothnh 3bngno: trc, giav sau.

- Bngno sau: hnh thnh hnh tu, cuno v

tiuno.

- Bngno gia: hnh thnh no gia.

- Bng no trc: hnh thnh no trung gian vbn cuino.

- Hnh tu, cuno, no gia, no trung gian hpli

cgil thn no.

- Thn no l trung tm caphnxkhng iukin.

- Thn no l nixutpht ca12 idy thnkinh

no.


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Tiuno: nmsau cuno

- Tiuno c chcnngcbn l mbo tnh chnh

xc cacc cng.

- tiuno chtxm nmmtngoi tothnh lpv,

cht trng nm bn trong, cht xm chen vo cht

trng lm cho cht trng c cu trc hnh cnh cy rt

cbit.

Bn cuinongirtpht trin,bmtc

nhiu khe, nhiu rnh n su vo trong, chia b mt ca

no thnh nhiuthu, nhiuhi.

- BCN c cht xm nm ngoi to thnh lp v, cht

trngnmtrong tonn cc ngdntruynnicc cn

cthnkinh trn vno v ccphnkhc caHTK.

- LpvBCNgmnhiulptbo, cc lptbo phn

bkhng u, c sphn bvchcnngtonn nhiu

vng, nhiuminkhc nhau (52 vng)


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-Nmtrong ctsng

- Tusngcn mang tnh chtphn t, gm31 itu

tngngvi31 iDy thnkinh tu.

- Mi on tu sng chi phi hot ng mt vng nht

nhcacth.

- Trong tu sng: phn cht xm nm trong l cn c

thnkinh caphnxkhng iukin, chttrngnmngoi tonn cc ngdn truynnicc cnc thn

kinh vinhau.

2.2. TU SNG

Gmnhngdy TK nilinphntrung ngvicc

cquan trong v mtngoi cth:

- Cc dy TK hngtm (dntruyncmgic).

- Cc dy TK ly tm (dntruynvnng).

- Dy pha (dy TK tu).Trong cthngic:

- 12 idy TK no.

- 31 idy TK tu.

2.3. THN KINH NGOI BIN


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1. Sthay ivcutov trnglngcano b

- Khi ra inobcatrchapht triny, mc

ducutov hnh thi khng khc ngiln: kch

thcnh, trnglnglc ssinh (370 - 392 g).

- 6 thng trnglngtnggpi, 3 tuitnggp3; 9

nmgntnhngiln(1300 g).

- Spht trincc ngdntruyndinra rtmnhv tngln theo tnglatui.

III. Spht trinhthnkinh trem

2. Smyelin ha cc sithnkinh

- Smyelin ho l tbo TK, siTK cbaobcmt

lpv (btut thng th4 ca thai nhi n3

tui)

- yl giai onpht trinquan trngcanobv:

qu trnh myelin ho gp phn lm cho dn truyn

hngphnnvno mtcch chnh xc hn, hot

nghon thinhn.


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Dy TK no hotngsmhnth cmyelin ho trc:

- no b: ngdn truynhng tm v mincm

thcmyelin ho trc. ngdntruynly tm v

min vn ng myelin ho sau. 12-18 thng s myelin

ho dy TK no ktthc.

- ty: Dy thnkinh vnngcmyelin ho trc,

munnhtl dy thnkinh cmgic. Khi tr3 tuiqu

trnh myelin ho ktthc.

3. SbinicaBn cuino

- Khi misinh: ino catrgingngilnvcu

to v chc nng. S lng t bo thn kinh xp x

100 t.

- Khi tr> 3 tui: tbo thnkinh c sphn ho r

rtphctpdnvcutov chcnngthhin

qua hot ng TK cp cao, cm gic, phn tch, h

vnngpht trinnhpnhanh, htn hiuthhai

btupht trin.


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- Spht trinthhinchyusbinivtbohcv chcnngvi cuno.

- Slngcc tbo thnkinh tngln khng ngk.

Cc tbo lnln v phn ho nhanh tonn cc lp

vno bn cuino, ngthilm cho dintch ca

lpvbn cuino tngln nhanh. Ti2 tuivno

tngln 2,5 ln

- Trssinh vno c cc rnh lnchiabmt

vno thnh cc thu.

- Cng vi s tng din tch b mt ca lp v,

xuthin thm nhiurnh nh, cc rnh lndn

dntsu nhngiln.- Tr7- 14 tuicbmtcavno tngtnh

ngi ln.


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- Cc tbo vno phn ho tonn cc lptbo vno, cc vng, cc min.

- Spht trinca cc lp tbo vno song

song vispht trincacc hcquan lm

xuthinmtsvng mitrn vno: vng

hiutingni, hiuchvit.


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4. Nhngyutnhhngspht trinHTK tr

- Tui: cng lnth sbitho cng cao.

- Chcnngvnng: trcng vnngnhiuth

thnkinh cng pht trin.

- nhhngcacc cquan nhncm: cmgic,

tri gic.

- iukinsng: kinh ty, tinh thnthoimi

th thnkinh cng pht trin.


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1. Phnxv cung phnx1.1.Phnx

- L phnng tr licac thivicc kch thch

cthchinnhstham gia cahthnkinh.

- Hotngphnx l ctrngcahthnkinh. Cc

phnngcacon ngiu l ktquhotngphn

xcahthnkinh.

IV. Phnxv vng phnx

1.2. Cung phnx

- L con ng m xung ng thn kinh truyn t c

quan cm th qua thn kinh trung ng n c quan

phnng.

- Hngphncny sinh tcquan nhncmdi

cc xung ngthnkinh truynnthnkinh TW, thnkinh TW trlicc kch thch.

- Con ngm hngphniqua trong mtphn

xgil cung phnx.


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CUNG PHN X

Kch thch

Cc vng no tipnhn kch thch,

x l, ra lnh

Gic quan tipnhn kch thch

qua dy thn kinh(xung TK) truynn cc vng no

Dy thn kinhhng tm (Ccxung thn kinh)

C tuyn (Phnng c)

Dy thn kinh li tm (iu chnh)

Xung thn kinh iu khin)

Lin h ngc li trong no hnh

nh

H3. S cung phn x theo P.K.Ankhin


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- Mtcungphnxgm5phnchcnng:

1- Cquan nhncm(cmgic).2- ngdntruynhngtm.

3- TW thnkinh.

4- ngdntruynly tm.

5- Cquan thchinphnng(vnng).

- Mt cung phn x thng gm3 tbo thnkinh:

Hngtm, trung gian, li tm.

2. Vng phnx- Sau khi trlicc kch thch, tcquanphnngsc

nhngxung ngthnkinh chyngcvTW thnkinh

(theo nglin hngc).

- TTW thnkinh c qu trnh phn tch v ara nhng

mnhlnhmibsung, iuchnhcthcphnng

tip theo ph hpngicaxung ng thn kinh

theo ngxoy trn cmrngmi, nhcthc

mtchuinhnghotngktipnhau


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Vngphnx

Trung ng thn kinh

C quan th cm C quan phn ng

(1 ) (3 ) (4 ) (2)

1. Phnxkhng K v phnxc K

- Phnxkhng iukinlphnxsinh ra

c, khng cnhctp, rn luyn.

- Phn x c iu kin l phn x c hnh

thnh trong i sng c th, l kt qu ca qu

trnh hctpv rn luyn.

IV. Phnxc iukin


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2.i nng mt

gay m

hi v ra

5.Con chim b

cung tn bn

trt s cnh

cong

3.Qua ng t thy

n vi dng xe

trc vch k

Nhng phnx no c

c trongqu trnh

sng

Xc nh phn

x c iu kin

phn x khng

iu kin

4.Chng

di g m

chi a

vi la

1.Tay

chm phi

vt nng

rt tay li

1, 2

3, 4,5

Nhngphn x

no tnhin sinh

ra c?

Ly thm VD miloi phn x

- L nhngphnxbmsinh cdi truyncacth,

chng l thuctnh vnc cangiv ngvt.

- Phn x khng iu kin chnh thnh trong qu

trnh pht trintrcv sau khi sinh.

1.1. Phnxkhng iukin


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trssinh c 6 loiphnxkhng iukin:

- Phnxco gin ngt

- Phnxmt, b.

- Phn x babinski: ngn chn ci un ln khi da bn

chnbkch thch.

- Phnxrobinski:phnxnmchtbn tay khi c mt

vtno tvo lng bn tay

- Phnxnhhngv Phnxtv.

- L mtphnxmic thnh lp trong qu

trnh sng, da trn c s mt ng lin lc

thnkinh tmthigiahai imhngphntrn

vno

- L mtphngthcthch nglinh hotcac

thvimi trng

1.2. Phnxc iukin


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Tnh chtphnxkhng iukin

Tnh chtcaphnxc K

1. Tr li cc kch thch tng nghay kch thch khng iu kin

1. Tr li cc kch thch bt k haykch thch c iu kin( c kthp vi kch thch khng iu kinmt s ln)

2. Bm sinh 2.Hnh thnh trong qu trnh sng

3.Bn vng 3. D mt khi khng cng c

4. C tnh cht di truyn, mang tnhcht chng loi

4. C tnh chtc thkhng di truyn

5.S lng hn ch 5. S lng khng hn nh6. Cung phn x n gin 6. Hnh thnh ng lin h tm thi

7. Trung ng nm tr no, tusng

7.Trung ngthnkinh chyuc stham gia cavno

2- SO SNH PHN X KHNG K V PHN X C K

3.1. Th nghim

caPaplop

3. Cchthnh lpphnxc iukin


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3.2. Cch

Vng thgic thuchm

Phnxnhhngvinh n

Hnh thnh phnxc iukin

Khibtn, tnhiusng quamt, kch thch

ln vng thgic

thuchmch cmnhncnh sng


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Tuyn nc bt

Phnxtitncbtvithcn

Vng nung vno

Trung khutitncbt

Khi c thcnvo ming, tn

hiuctruyntheo dythnkinh ntrung khu iukhin hnhtuhngphn,lm titncbt; ngthi

trung khu nung vnocnghngphn.

anghnhthnh nglin htmthi

Btntrc, richo n. Lpliqu trnh nynhiuln, khi cvng thgic vvng nunguhotngnglin htmthiangchnh thnh.

Btnricho nnhiuln, nh nstrthnh tn hiucanung


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nglin htmthichon thnh

Phnxc K titncbtvinh ncthitlp

Khi nglin htmthichnh thnhth phnxc iu

kincthnh lp.

Tuyn n-c bt

Tuynncbt


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cimcaphnxc iukin

- Lphnxtto

- Csgiiphusinh l caphnxc iukin l v

no v hotngbnh thngcavno.

- L qu trnh thnh lpnglin htmthi

- Thnh lpvikch thcbtk, cbitl tingni

- Bo hiu gin tip kch thch khng iu kin s kch

thch vo cth

- Xuthinkhng thngxuyn, c lc tmthingngtr

hocbkm hm khng hotnghintngcch

phnxc iukin


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3.3. iukinthnh lpphnxc iukin

- Phn x c iu kin c xy dng da trn mt

phnxkhng iukin.

- Tc nhn tn hiu itrctc nhn cngc, tc nhn

tn hiuc cngnhhntc nhn cngc.

- Vno nguyn vn, cc bphnnhncmphi lnh

mnh

- Trnh tc nhn ph ri

- Munphnxc iukinduy tr cnthngxuyn

cngcbngtc nhn cngc.

3.4. Phn loiphnxc iukin

Davo phnxkhng iukinphn loi:

- Phnxc iukintiu ho.

- Phnxc iukintv.

- Phnxc iukinsinh dc


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Da vo iu kin xut hin v tnh cht ca kch

thch c iukin:

- Phnxc iukintnhin

- Phnxc iukinnhn to

- Phnngc iukincmthngoi v cmthtrong

- Phnxc iukindo tc nhn thigian

- Phnxc iukinnhiucp.

4. Shnh thnh phnxc iukintrem

- Sau khi sinh 7- 9 ngy: nhngphnxc iukinv

nungutin chnh thnh

- Khi tr2- 4 thng: cc phnxc iukinchnh

thnh qua cc cquan thcmnhthgic, thnh gic,

vgic, khugic ...


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- 6 thng: c th phn bit chnh xc kch thch c hc,

mi v, nhit

- Trcng lnshnh thnh phnxc iukinvi

tcngy cng nhanh, phong ph, bnvnghn.

- Phn x c iu kin vi tn hiu thhai chnh

thnh vo thng th6.

- Trcng lnlini cng c nghaquan trngtrong

shnh thnh phnxc iukin, lini c ththay

th tc nhn kch thich trc tip v xut hinphn x

bnglini tnginphctp

- Tr> 1 tui: phnxc iukinvphnbitc

hnh thnh & pht trin: phn bitmu sc, hnh dng,

kch thc...

- Lini lm xuthinphnngny hoccchphn

ngkhc tr


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V. Hngphnv cch

- Hotngthnkinh bao gmhai qu trnh ilpvthngnhtnhau:

+ Qu trnh hngphngy raphnx.

+ Qu trnh cchkm hmphnx.

- Hotngbnh thngcavno cthchinnh

stc ngqua ligiahngphnv cch.

1. Hngphnv cch

1.1. Hngphn

- L trngthi hotngcatbo thnkinh.

- Tbo thnkinh trngthi hngphn: tch cc

pngvikch thch.

- Tbo thnkinh cavno hngphn: tham gia

xy dngphnxc iukin.


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1.2. cch

- L mttrngthi hotngcatbo thnkinh.

- Tbo thnkinh trngthi cch: tmthimthoc

gimkhnngpngkch thch.

- T bo thn kinh v no c ch: gim hoc xo b

nhngphn xchnh thnh Lm thay i

phnngcacthph hpvi iukin bini

cami trng.

1.3. Miquan hgiahngphn& cch.

- Hngphn& cchl 2 qu trnh cbncahotng

thnkinh cp cao. Hai qu trnh ny i lp nhau nhng

lin quan phi hp vi nhau trong qu trnh hot ng

trong :

- giai onhngphndin ra sphn giicc chtctch lutrong cc tbo.

- giai oncchkhiphccc cht, cchbo

vcc tbo khicnkitcc chtdtrcnthitcho s

sng.


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Do hngphn& cchl sbiuhin

camtqu trnh thnkinh thngnht.

2. Quy lutQuyluthotngthnkinhcpcao

Quy luthotngtheo hthng

Quy lutkhuchtn v tptrung

Quy lutphthucvo cngkch thch

Quy lutcmngqua li

Cmngqua li

ngthi

Cmngqua li

tipdin

Cmngqua li

dngtnh

Cmngqua lim

tnh


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Khuchtn v tptrung

- Mikch thch tc ngvo cthuc imidin

trn vnoxuthinmtimhngphnhoccch.

- Khi hngphnhoccchxuthintimtimtrn v

no khng tntimtcch cnh lan tora xung

quanh imxutpht thu trvimxutpht sau

cng slnmt.

+ Qu trnh tora: Khuchtn.+ Qu trnh thu trv: Tptrung.

Cngkch thch

- Cnghngphnhoccchmnhhay yus

lm cho qu trnh khuchtn nhanh hay chm.

- Khi c 2 imhngphngnnhau th imhng

phnyuhnbht vimhngphnmnh.


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Hintngcmng

- Hin tng cm ng trong khng gian: khi hng

phn(hoccch) xuthintimtimtrn vno,

cc imquanh uxuthinqu trnh cch(hoc

hngphn).

- Hintngcmngtrong thigian: khi hngphn

(hoccch) xuthintimtim, ngay sau khi hng

phn(hoccch) ktthc th cch(hochngphn)sxuthin.

- cchgy hngphn hintngcmngdng

tnh.

- Hng phn gy c ch hin tng cm ng m

tnh.


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VI. Hthngtn hiuth2

1. Tn hiuv hthngtn hiu.1.1. Tn hiu

- l mtkch thch no idincho mtkch thch

khc gy ra mtphnngno cac th tn

hiu

- VD: khi cho ch ntabtn, nh nidincho

thcn

- Hthng tn hiuthnht:Nhngtn hiucth

l nhngsvt, hin tngc th trc tip: nh sng,

nhit, mu sc. Hthngny chung cho cngiv

ngvt

- Hthng tn hiuthhai: l tn hiungn ng

(tingni v chvit). l nhngkch thch c tnh

chtgin tip, khi qut: dng tingni v chvit

tc ng. Hthng tn hiuny chc con ngi

1.2. Hthngtn hiu


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- Hthngtn hiuthhai l ctrngcacon ngi,

v no ngic khngcbithiutingni v ch

vit

- Htn hiuhai thay thcho htn hiuthnht. N

l mtkch thch c iukinnhmikch thch c

iukinkhc,c thdng n thnh lpphnxc diu kin

2- Bnchtv cimcaHTTH thhai.

- So vihtn hiuthnhtth htn hiuthhai c

cimnibt l c khnngtrutng, khi

qut ho svthintng.

- V vyhthngtn hiuhai l cssinh l tduy

con ngi


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3. Miquan hgiahai hthngtn hiu

- con ngi2 hthngtn hiulin quan chtchvinhau, thngxuyn tc ngqua lilnnhau trong h

tn hiuhai chimuthhn

- Htn hiuhai cxy dngtrn cshTH1 v n

c nhhngngc tr lihTH1 (trc tipnhnbit

svthintng(svht), vsau khng cn svht trctiptrcmtnhngnghe ni nl nhnbitcsvht )

- Snhnthcyhinthckhch quan chc c

khi c stc ngqua ligiahai hthngtn hiu,

- V vy trong vicgio dc trcn kt hp li ni

vibiutngtrcquan (hnh nhtrctip)


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- 6 thng: trbpbpht m

- 1 tui: trni cmtvi t

- T1,5 tui: dish trcangi ln trbtu

giao tip vi nhng ngi xung quanh bng ngn ng,

tuy nhin trcn pht m changtngting.

- Khi 3 tuivntphong ph, c tht> 1000 t, phtm chnh xc hn.

4. Shnh thnh HTTH thhai tr.

- 4 tui: ngn ngcatrphong ph hnbinhng

t mi, do cc khi nim c tr lnh hi cng

tng ln cho nn tr ni ng ng php hn.V vy

ngilncncung cpthm tmicho tr.

- T5- 7 tui: sthnh lpngn ngcbnktthc. T duy ca tr thi k ny l t duy hnh

tng, t duy c th, t duy tru tng c hnh

thnh dndn


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VII. Gicngcatr

1. Bnchtsinh l cagicng-Ngl mtnhu cucnbncacth, l mtihi

sinh l khng ththiuccacth.

- Bnchtsinh l cagicngl mtqu trnh cch

lan khpvno v lan xungccphndivno.

- Gicngxuthinsau mttthcko di v l kt

qucahintngmtmitnhin.

- Gic ng l mt hin tng c ch mang tnh cht

phng chnghaybovTBTK trn vno.

Sau gicngkhnnglm viccaTBTK c

phchiv nng ln r rt.


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2.1. Tmquan trngcagicngivitr

- ivitrgicngrtcnthitcho spht trin

ca c th, khi c ng y tr s kho mnh,

vui ti, hotbt nhanh nhn.

- Nu thiu ng ko di lm cho tr mt mi, km

hotngv dbbnh, tr tkm pht trin.

2. Vsinh, chmsc gic ngcatr

- Trssinh: ngkhng c chu k, ngnhiu(20-

22 gi/ ngy), tr ng khng yn, gic ng khng

su, thigian thcngn

- Cng ln thigian thcko di, gicng tr nn

nhp iuhn, v th vic t chcgic theo ch

cho trc thtinhnh vo cuithng thnht, u

thng thhai

2.2. Gicngcatr.


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- tr c gicng ttcnmbo cho trng thi

gian v thchinnhngiucnthitcho lc ng.

- Thi gian ng ca tr: thi gian ng khng phn b

ngucc la tui. Trcng nh thigian ngcng

nhiugicngngn.

- Trssinh: 20- 21 gi/ ngy

- Tr>6 thng: 14 gi/ ngy.

- Tr> 12 thng: 13 gi/ ngy;

- Tr3- 4 tui: 12gi/ ngy;

- Tr5- 7 tui: 11 gi/ngy;

- Tr> 10 tui: 10 gi/ ngy.


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Thigian ngtrngmmnon nhsau:

6- 12 thng: 4- 5 gi

12- 16 thng: 4 gi

18- 36 thng: 3 gi

3- 4 tui: 3 gi

5- 6 tui: 2,5- 3 gi

Tchcgicngcho tr

Tchcgicngtheo chkhi trc1 thng

(thi quen nggigic)

mbocho trngthigian v ngsu.

To mi trng yn tnh cho tr ng. Ni ng

thong mt, schs, tthngthoimi, trnh cc

kch thch nhhngngicngnh: khng cho

tr n qu no, n ung cc cht kch thch, cng

thngvthnkinh.


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VIII. Cc loihnh hotngthnkinh

1. Cc kiuthnkinh

1.1. Cskhoa hccasphn chia cc kiuTK

- Hypocrat (danh y Hy lp): cncvo biuhinbn

ngoi (c tnh, thi ca mi ngi trc s vt

hintng), chia thnkinh thnh 4 kiu:

+ Hnghi

+ Bnh thn+ Nng ny

+ u su

VIII. Cc loihnh hotngthnkinh

- PapLop: davo bnchtcahotng thnkinh

(cng , tnh cn bng linh hot), chia thn kinh

thnh 4 kiuhotng:

+Kiumnh- cn bnglinh hot.

+ Kiumnh- cn bngnhngkhng linh hot+ Kiumnhnhngkhng cn bng

+ Kiuyu.


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1.2. Cc kiuthnkinh.

Kiumnh- cn bnglinh hot

- L kiuTK c qu trnh hngphnv cchumnh,cn bng, chuyn ho linh hot p ng hon ho

kch thch cami trng,

- L loi TK tt, nhanh nhn, thng minh, lm vic n

ninchn.

Nhngngic kiuTK ny: c nhiunghlc, sn

sng vt kh khn, t ch, hng hi, d lc quan

nhngdbi quan khi gpthtbi.

Kiumnh cn bngnhngkhng linh hot (bnh

thn)

- L kiuthnkinh c qu trnh hngphn& cchu

mnh, cn bng nhng qu trnh chuyn i t hng

phnsang cchdinra chmchp.

Ngi c kiu thn kinh ny thng im m,

bnh tnh, chnh chn, c nhiu ngh lc, t ninng

nhnglu ngui gin, bothkh chuynbin.


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Kiumnhkhng cn bng(nng ny)

- L kiuthnkinh c qu trnh hngphn& cchumnhnhngkhng cnbng, hngphnchim

uthhn.

Ngic kiuthnkinh ny thngnhittnh,

hnghi nhngkhng iu, dninng, nhanh

ngui gin, d thnh lp phn x c iu kin,nhngxo phnxckh khn

Kiuthnkinh yu(u su)

- L kiuthnkinh c qu trnh hngphn& cch

uyu, cchchimuthhn.

Ngi c kiu thn kinh ny thng khng

chu ng dc nhng kch thch mnh ko di,kh thnh lpphnxc iukin, thngc tm

l an phnththng.


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Da trn c s nhng c im pht trin ca hot

ng thn kinh tr em, cn c vo mi tngquan

giahngphnvno v divno chia cc kiu

thnkinh catrnhsau:

- Kiucnbng(trung ng)

- Kiuvno

- Kiudivno

- Kiuhngphnthp

2. Cc kiuthnkinh trem.

Kiucn bng(trung ng)

- L qu trnh thnkinh vno v divno cn

bng.

- Trc kiuTK ny thngnhanh nhn, hotbt,

tip thu nhanh sgio dc, tr thng t ra hng

hi, linh hot trong mi hot ng, trbit kim

ch, c tchtthng minh


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Kiuvno

- L qu trnh thnkinh vno chimuthhndi

vno.

- Trc kiuTK ny thnghnghi, nhanh nhn, tip

thu nhanh nhng kim ch yu, tr thng nghch

ngm, d pht khng, thiu k kut kh bo, thng

hay gy vibnb.

Kiudivno

- Qu trnh thnkinh divno chimuth.

- Trc kiuTK ny thngchmchpnhng tm,

cnthn(ngoan ngon, hinlnh, rtr).

Kiuhngphnthp

- Hngphnvno v divno uthp.

- Trc kiuthnkinh ny thngyt, khng thch

hotng.


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3. Vicgio dctrc cc kiuthnkinh khc nhau.

- Mikiuthnkinh uc unhcim, mitrc

mtloithnkinh khc nhau.

- Gio dckhng nhmthay icc kiuthnkinh vn

c catr, vncbncaGD l gip trpht

huy nhng u im v hn ch nhc im ca

kiuthnkinh .

ivitrc kiuthnkinh yu: cntngcng

cho trhotng, dngvin khuynkhch tr tham

gia mihotng.

i vi tr c qu trnh thn kinh khng linhhot: cn gio dc tr v tc phn ng nhanh

nhy, mnhdn.

Gio dctrc cc kiuthnkinh khc nhau


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ivi trc kiuthnkinh kimchyu: cnrn

luyntnh kin tr & tkimchthng qua cc hot

ng

ivitrc kiuthnkinh cn bng: cnpht

huy tnh sng totrbngcch ara yu cucao

hn

IX. Chmsc hthnkinh trem

1. Tchccucsnghng ngy catrmtcch hpl

trn cshiubitcimhotngthnkinh cp

cao tnglatui

2. Khng nn bt tr tp trung ch cao trong

khongthigian di v hthnkinh catrchahonthinvcutov chcnngkhnngch tch

cc, khnnglm victr c tngingn


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3. Cnxen kgiahotngv nghngi(nghngi

lu hn) phchikhnnglm viccatr c

4. Tchcttgicngcho trnhtl vban ngy

5. Cngy shngth cho trtrong cc hotng

tngcngch tch cctr.

Documents

Bai Giang - Phu-chuong 2 dinh dưỡng