BÀI TẬP CƠ SỞ HOÁ VÔ CƠ moi

8/8/2019 BI TP C S HO V C moi

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Ha v c- HSPHN

BI TP C S HO V CChng I . HO HC V C CU TRC.

Cu 1.1. Cc kim loi thng kt tinh theo my kiu cu trc chnh?

- M t tng kiu lin kt ca kim loi.- T bo nguyn t ca tinh th l g ? c im ca t bo nguyn t ?

- Tnh s nguyn t kim loi trong 1 c s v s phi tr ca mi nguyn t kimloi.

- Vi kiu cu trc lp phng tm mt, lc phng cht kht, mt c s c my ltrng bt din, my l trng t din?

2. Ch ra cc kim loi kt tinh theo tng kiu cu trc.

3. Hy nu bn cht lin kt trong kim loi. Da vo lin kt trong kim loi gii thchtnh cht vt l ca n.

Cu 2.1. Da vo qui tc Engel v Brewer hy cho bit Na, Mg v Al c cu trc tinh thkiu no? V sao?

2. V c s ca cc kiu cu trc . Cho bit s phi tr ca Na, Mg v Al. Tnhkhi lng ring ca chng. So snh cc kt qu.

3. Tra cu cc tnh cht sau ca Na,Mg v Al ri lp thnh bng: khi lng ring (sosnh vi cc kt qu tnh 2), nhit nng chy, nhit si v dn in. T

bng hy rt ra nhn xt v s bin i cc tnh cht trn ca 3 kim loi. Gii thch.

Cu 3. M t tng loi cu trc tinh th ion. i vi mi loi, hy:- Tnh s phi tr ca mi ion, s ion trong mi t bo c s. T suy ra cng thc

phn t ca hp cht.

- Nu iu kin bn ca mi loi tinh th ion (t s rc/ra)

- Gii thch tnh cht l ha ca chng.

- Ch ra cc hp cht ion c cu trc tinh th cng loi.

Cu 4.1. Da vo bn knh ca cation v anion hy cho bit CsBr, KBr v MgO kt tinh theo loicu trc tinh th ion no ? So snh vi thc nghim.

2.V c s ca cc loi cu trc . Cho bit s phi tr ca Cs, K, Br, Mg v O trongtinh th.

3.Tra cu cc tnh cht sau ca CsBr, KBr v MgO ri lp thnh bng: nng lng mngli tinh th, nhit nng chy, nhit si. T bng hy so snh cc tnh cht trn caCsBr vi KBr, ca KBr v MgO. Gii thch.

4. Nu mi quan h gia c im ca lin kt ion v tnh cht ca hp cht ion.

Copyright Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hchttp://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net

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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 5.1. Cht rn SrCl2 c cu trc mng tinh th no, v sao?

2. V v m t mng t bo c s ca SrCl2. Tnh s ion Sr2+ v Cl- cha trong mng t bo c s .

3. S phi tr ca ion Sr2+ v Cl- bng bao nhiu, v sao?

4. D on nhng tnh cht sau ca cht rn SrCl2 v gii thch:

Nhit nng chy, nhit si, dn in , kh nng chu nn v tnh do.

Cu 6. M t cu trc , tnh s phi tr ca mi ion, s ion trong mi t bo tinh th; T suy ra cu to phn t, iu kin bn, tnh cht l hc; Ch ra hp cht ion c cng c utrc ca cc loi hp cht trn.1) NaCl - kt tinh mng lp phng tm mt2) CsCl - kt tinh mng lp phng n gin3) a) ZnS (Vuazit) - kt tinh mng lc phng c kht ca S2-

b) ZnS (Sphalerit) - kt tinh mng lp phng tm mt vi anion S2-.4) CaF2 (dng fluorin) - Cu trc mng lp phng tm din5) TiO2 - Cu trc mng lc phng ca O2-

Cu 7. 1) S phi tr l g ?2) Tinh th NaCl kt tinh theo mng lp phng n gin (hnh 16), vy s phi tr caion Na+ v Cl- trong tinh th l bao nhiu ? Hy tnh s ion Na + v Cl- c trong t bo

.3) Hy tnh khi lng ring ca NaCl (g/cm3) khi bit bn knh ca Na+ = 0,98 A0 v

bn knh ca Cl- = 1,81A0 .

a

a

a 2 = 4.rHnh 16. a) T bo nguyn t ca tinh th NaCl

(vng trn ln : ion Cl- , vng trn nh : ion Na+ )b) Nguyn t (hoc ion) gc tip gip tm t bo nguyn t .c) Nguyn t (hay ion) mt tip gip hai t bo nguyn t .

Cu 8. Hy m t cu trc tinh th kim cng, than ch. So snh tnh cht ca chng v giithch. Nu cc cht cng loi.

Cu 9. So snh cu trc tinh th v tnh cht ca BN vi kim cng v than ch.Cu 10. Hy ch ra cc loi tinh th phn t. M t cu trc ca tinh th He, Ar, H2O, I2,

XeF2. Nu tnh cht l hc ca chng.


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 11. S phn loi cc nguyn t chu k 2 v chu k 3 nh sau:

Chu k 2Chu k 3

Phn loi

Li Be Na Mg Al

Kim loi

BSi

Bn kim

C N O F NeP S Cl Ar

Phi kim

Nu cc tnh cht sau ca chng di dng bng: loi cu trc tinh th (kim loi, nguynt , phn t ), lin kt ha hc trong tinh th , nhit nng chy (tnc) , nhit nng chymol (Hnc) , nhit si (ts) , nhit bay hi mol (Hbh) , khi lng ring (d) v dnin (). Nu s bin i cc tnh cht, gii thch.

Cu 12. Niken c cu trc tinh th mng lp phng tm din. Hi : 1) C bao nhiu nguyn t Ni lp y trong mt t bo nguyn t ?

2) Bng hnh v hy minh ho rng : Trong tinh th , niken c s phi tr l 12 ; bt k

nguyn t no trong tinh th cng gc v ng thi cng tm ca mt hnh lpphng.

3) Nu mi nguyn t Ni c bn knh l 1,24A0 th chiu da mi cnh ca t bonguyn t tinh th Ni l bao nhiu ? (hnh 17)

4) Hy tnh khi lng ring ca niken kim loi (g/cm3). Cho Ni = 58,7

Hnh 17. Mt phng ca t bo lp phng tm din .


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 13. Fe - kt tinh mng lp phng tm khi, khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguynt trong t bo l 2,482A0.

1) Trong mi t bo nguyn t c bao nhiu nguyn t Fe .2) Tnh khi lng ring ca Fe- .3) Bng hnh v hy minh ho: Mi nguyn t Fe u c s phi tr bng 8 ; mi

nguyn t u tm cng gc ca hnh lp phng .

Cu 14.1) a) St l kim loi a hnh. Cc dng a hnh tn ti iu kin no? Ging nhau v

khc nhau ch no ?

b) Trong cc dng a hnh ca st, dng no tn ti nhit thng? Dng no c tnhst t ?

2) Fe- v Fe- c khi lng ring tng ng l 7,927 g/cm3 v 7,371 g/cm3a) Gii thch ti sao khi lng ring li thay i

b) Tnh di mi cnh t bo tinh th ng vi mi dng th hnh trn.

3) Mt vin bi st c khi lng l 2,0521 gam nhit thng, c nung nng n14000C . Hi th tch vin bi tng hay gim bao nhiu % so vi th tch ban u ?Cho : Fe = 55,847 vC ; s Avogaro = 6,023.1023

Cu 15. Cho mt mu Fe- hnh ch nht phng c kch thc (5cm x 0,5cm x 0,1cm)

nhit thng. Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 ht nhn nguyn t trong t bo nguyn t

l 2,480A0. Mng li tinh th Fe- c kin trc lp phng tm khi v c xem l l t-

ng.

a) Tnh s nguyn t Fe trong mu Fe cho.

b) Tnh khi lng ring ca Fe nhit thng.

c) Nu cho mu Fe trn tan hon ton trong HCl th th tch H2 ( ktc) thu c l bao

nhiu? Lm th no thu c H2 tinh khit t sn phm phn ng trn .

Cho NA = 6,023.1023

; MFe

= 55,847 vC.Cu 16. ng kt tinh theo mng lp phng tm din c chiu di ca cnh lp phng l

3,61A0. Nguyn t ng tm mt, tip xc st vi cc nguyn t gc nh hnh 17.1) Hy tnh bn knh nguyn t Cu2) Hy tnh khi lng ring ca ng kim loi (g/cm3).

Cu 17. Cc phn t sau c dng hnh hc nh th no? Ti sao ? O 2 , O3 , H2O , BeCl2, SO2,SO3 , SO32- , SO42-, N2 , NH3 , NH4 , NO, NO2+, NO2 , NO2- , CO, CO32- , SO42- , BrF5 , SF4 ,SF6, SeF4 , SiF62-. M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t theo m hnh Huckel.T cu to hy suy ra tnh cht ca chng.


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 18. Tinh th l g ? nguyn t, phn t, ion khi tr v trng thi tinh th c nh ckhng? M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t v trong tinh th ca BeF 2 , CO2 , BO33-

, Na2B4O7 .10H2O, XeF4 . So snh. T nu tnh cht l, ha hc ca chng.Cu 19:

1. M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t v trong tinh th ca NH 3 v PH3 ; BeCl2v CaCl2 ; PbCl2 v PbCl4.

2. Nu mt s tnh cht ca cc cht trn 2 trng thi (kh v rn). So snh tnh chtca chng.

Chng II. PHN NG TRONG HO V C .I. PHN NG AXIT- BAZ

Cu 1. a. Nu cc loi dung mi v tnh cht c trng ca mi loi dung mi . Cho cc vd minh ha.

b. Cho bit mt s tnh cht quyt nh gi tr ca dung mi.c. Vai tr ca momen lng cc v hng s in mi ca cc dung mi phn t l chno? Cho cc v d minh ha?

Cu 2: a. Th no l s sonvat ha? Hirat ha?b. Nguyn nhn gy ra s sonvat ha l g? Trnh by cc lc lin phn t trong dung dch.Vai tr ca cc lc l ch no? Cho cc v d minh ha.c. Hin tng chy ra v hin tng ln hoa" ca cc tinh th hidrat ho l g

Cu 3: a) Han thnh cc phn ng sau trong dung mi nc v cho bit phn ng xy rau tin theo chiu no? V sao?

1. HCl + H2O 2. HF + H2O3. H2S + NH3 4. H2PO4- + CO32-5. HCN + HCO3- 6. HSO3- + HS-7. CH3O- + NH3 8. HSO3- + CH3NH2

b) Trong dung dch nc cha cc cht sau: CH3COOH, NaBr, NaNO2, NaCN. Vitphng trnh phn ng xy ra v gii thch .

Cu 4. Km hidroxit Zn(OH)2 l cht c tnh cht lng tnh trong mi trng nc . Kmamt Zn(NH2)2 cng c tnh cht nh vy trong mi trng amonic lng . Nu dn chng chng minh cho cc nhn xt trn .

Cu 5. Da vo nh hng ca m in , nh hng ca mt in tch ca nguynttrung tm , hy gii thch nguyn nhn s thay i tnh axt- baz ca dy hp cht sau :

a. LiOH , NaOH , KOH , RbOH , CsOH .b. NaOH , Mg(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , Si(OH)4 , H3PO4 , H2SO4 , HClO4 .c. Mn(OH)2 , Mn(OH)3 , H2MnO4 , HMnO4 .

Cu 6.1) Cho bit tnh cht (axit , baz ) ca cc cht sau y :

NH4Cl , HNO3 , CH3COONH4 , NaHSO3 , NaNH2a. Dung mi l nc .

b. Dung mi l amonic lng .


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Ha v c- HSPHN

2) Vit phng trnh phn ng gia NH4Cl, HNO3 vi NaNH2 trong cc dung mi .

Cu 7. Trong cc phn t sau y, phn t no l axit Bronsted ? phn t no l axit Lewis ?phn t no l baz Bronsted ? phn t no l baz Lewis ? V sao ? Vit cc phn ng cth gii thch : HCl , SO2 , Cu2+ , H2O , NH3 , BCl3 .

Cu 8. 1) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho NH3 , CrCl3 , [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3 vo nc .Da vo thuyt axit- baz ca Bronsted- Lauri, hy phn tch v ch ra vai tr (axit hay

baz) ca tng cht trong mi phng trnh phn ng .2) So snh tnh cht axit ca cc cp phc cht sau trong dung dch nc. Gii thch :[Mg(H2O)6]2+ v [Al(H2O)6]3+ ; [Cr(H2O)6]3+ v [Fe(H2O)6]3+

Cho bit bn knh ca Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+ ln lt l: 0,074; 0,057; 0,069 v 0,064 nm.3) Oxi cho cc hp cht phn t c cu trc tam gic : OH2 , O(CH3)2 , O(SiH3)2 .Cc hp cht ny c phi l baz Liuyt khng ? Nu phi th tnh baz thay i nh th

no ? Gii thch .Cu 9: Hy cho bit lc axit baz bin i nh th no trong dy cc hp cht sau, giithch :

a. H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te b. CH4, NH3, H2O, HFc. H3AlO3, H4SiO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 d. H2TeO3, H2SeO3, H2SO3e. HBrO3, HClO4, HMnO4, HNO3, H3BO3, HNO2, H6TeO6.

Cu 10. Lc axit ca cc cht trong nc bin i theo trt t sau:a. AlCl3 > CuCl2 > H2O

b. [Pt(NH3)6]4+ > NH3

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch

Cu 11: Trong nc , cc cht sau c phn ng vi nhau khng? V sao? Vit cc phngtrnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) v cho bit phn ng thuc loi phn ng no.

a. Glixerol v ng (II) hiroxit

b. Ru etylic v natri hiroxit

Cu 12. a) Nu th nghim v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra chng minh Al(OH)3l hiroxit lng tnh.

b) Vit phng trnh phn ng thun nghch chng minh tn cht lng tnh caCr(OH)3 mi sinh l do s to thnh phc cht aqua v phc cht hiroxo bn trong mitrng axit v mi trng baz.

Cu 13. V sao cc cht in li lng tnh l cc axit yu v cc baz yu? Cc axit mnh vbaz mnh c th l cht in li lng tnh c khng? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ha.

Cu 14. Ly cc v d chng minh lc axit baz ph thuc vo dung mi.

Cu 15. Hy cho bit khong phn bit lc ca cc axit hoc lc ca cc baz :

a. Trong dung mi nc


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b. Trong dung mi khc nc

Cu 16. Da vo cu trc ca cc phn t HX, hy so snh lc axit ca cc axit halogenhirictrong dung mi sau. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch :

a. Trong nc b. Trong axit axetic khanc. Trong HF lng d. Trong amoniac lngCu 18. Trong s nhng cht sau y: BF3, SbF3, H2O, CH3COOH, C6H6, KF, cht no l

axit, cht no l baz trong HF lng, v sao? Vit phng trnh phn ng i mi mitrng hp

Cu 19. Vit 5 phng trnh phn ng axit-baoz trong dung mi amoniac lng.Cu 20. Hy chng t rng nh ngha axit-baz ca Bronsted Lauri l trng hp ring

nm trong nh ngha axit-baoz theo thuyt cc h dung mi. Cho 5 v d phn tchminh ha.

Cu 21. a) Nu cc loi axit , baoz v phn ng axit baoz theo Liuyt.b) Da vo cng thc cu to ca phn t , hy cho bit cc cht sau y cht no l axitLiuyt, cht no l baz Liuyt? V sao?BBr3, PH3, SO2, H2S, NH3, SF4 , Icl3

Cu 22. So snh lc axit baz Liuyt ca cc hp cht trong cc dy sau, gii thch :1. BF3 , BCl3, BBr3 , BI3

2. NH3, (CH3)3N, NF3

Cu 23. Trong 2 tiu phn ca cc cp sau y, tiu phn no bn hn:1. PtCl42- hay PtF42- 2. Fe(H2O)63+ hay Fe(PH3)63+

3. F3B:THF hay Cl3B:THF 4. (CH3)3B:PCl3 hay (CH3)3B:P(CH3)35. (CH3)3Al:pyridin hay (CH3)3Ga:pyridin 6. Cl3B:NCCH3 hay(CH3)3B:NCCH3

Cu 24. Ion SCN- phi tr vi cc ion Cr3+ v Pt2+ qua nguyn t no, nu xut pht t quannim axit baz cng mm?

Cu 25. Nhm triflorua khng tan trong HF lng, nhng tan trong HF kh c mt NaF. Khicho qua dung dch BF3 th s k ta AlF3. Gii thch cc hin tng kho st c v vitcc phng trnh phn ng .

Cu 26. Nu ngha ca cc thuyt axit baz. Cho v d minh ha.II. PHN NG OXI HA KH

Cu 1. Da vo cc v d c th hy trnh by phn ng oxi ha kh theo c ch chuynelectron v theo c ch chuyn nguyn t .

Cu 2. Nu cc ng dng ca th in cc chun. Cho v d minh ha.Cu 3.

1. Nu cch xc nh v cc yu t nh hng n th in cc chun ca cc kim loi.2. Vit dy hot ng ha hc v dy in th ca cc kim loi.

3. Da trn c s no thit lp nn:a. Dy hot ng ha hc ca cc kim loi.


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Ha v c- HSPHN

b. Dy in th ca cc kim loi4. So snh 2 dy. Gii thch nhng ch khc nhau:

a. Trng hp Lib. Trng hp v tr ca Na v Ca.

5. V sao dy in th ca kim loi cn c gi l dy in ha hay dy hot ng hahc hin i ca cc kim loi, ng dng ca dy in ha (xt c cc phn ng iu kinkhng phi l trong dung dch nc)

Cu 4. Xc nh sc in ng E0, hng s cn bng ca phn ng :Hg22+ = Hg + Hg2+

Cho bit : Hg22+ = 2Hg2+ + 2e- E0 = -0.92VHg = Hg2+ + 2e- E0 = -0,85V

Cu 5. Nu nh hng ca nng n th in cc v sc in ng ca pin.Cu 6. Hy xt mt vi yu t ng hc nh hng n tc d phn ng oxiha kh.

Cu 7.1) Ortho hiro, parahiro? khi nhit tng ch yu l dng ortho. Ti sao?2) Kho st v v th E ph thuc pH ca cp oxi ho kh sau: E (O2/H2O); E(H2O/H2).Hy xy dng min bn nhit ng ca nc v ng dng min bn . Yu t ng hc

nh hng n s bn oxiha kh trong nc nh th no? Cho v d minh ha.Cho bit: O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O E0= 1,23v (a)

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-

E0

= - 0,828hay 2H+ + 2e H2 E0= 0,00V (b)

PH 2 =1 atm, PO 2 = 1 atm, t =250C.

Cu 8. Trnh by gin Latimer v ng dng ca gin .Cu 9. Hy xy dng gin Latimer i vi nit trnog mi trng axit [H] + = 1M v mi

trng baz [OH]- = 1M. T gin hy:1. Xc nh cc trng thi oxi ha bn ca nit trong mi trng .

2. Xc nh th ca cc cp oxiha kh khng gn nhau.(Cc gi tr th kh chun ca cc cp oxiha kh tra trong cc sch tra cu)

Cu 10. Nu cu to, hot ng, u, nhc im v ng dng ca cc pin s cp: pinmangan km, pin kim, pin thy ngn v pin bc.

Cu 11. Nu cu to, hot ng, u, nhc im v ng dng ca cc pin cp hai (pin ti np,cn gi l acquy): acqui ch, acqui niken, acqui liti.

Cu 12. Nu cu to, hot ng, u , nhc im v ng dng ca pin nng .Cu 13. Nu cu to, hot ng ca bnh in phn. ng dng ca s in phn .Cu 14.


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Ha v c- HSPHN

1. Nu cc phng php tch nguyn t bng phn ng oxiha2. Trnh by phng php iu ch Clo t NaCl theo phng php in phn da vo 3

cng ngh khc nhau.3. Trnh by phng php iu ch Clo, Brom, Iot v lu hunh dng cht oxi ha mnh.

4. tch vng ngi ta ngm hn hp t, , qung cha vng c nghin mn trongdung dch NaCN (hoc KCN) v sc khng kh nn lin tc vo dung dch phn ngtrong t ngy. Sau lc thu dung dch v cho tc dng vi km bt.a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qui trnh tch vng nu trn v tnhhng s cn bng ca cc phn ng .

b. Nu c s khoa hc, u nhc im ca phng php tch vng ni trn.Cho bit: = -0,60V , ,

Cu 15.

1. Th no l s n mn kim loi v hp kim? S n mn ha hc? S n mn in ha?2. Trnh by s n mn st v phng php chng n mn st thp

Cu 16. Lu hunh hnh thoi ST v lu hunh n t SD l hai dng th hnh ca nguyn tlu hunh . Xt xem:

1) Dng no l bn 250C.

2) Nhit c hai dng nm cn bng vi nhau l bao nhiu ?

Cho bit: ST SD

H0298(Kcal/mol) 0,00 0,0717

S0298(cal/.mol) 7,62 7,78Cu 17. Ngi ta cho phn ng t chy hon ton cc alkan cha n nguyn t cacbon:

CnH2n+2 (K) + (3n + 1)/2 O2(K) n CO2(K) + (n+ 1) H2O(L) : HnChng minh rng Hn l mt hm bc nht ca n .Cho : C(than ch) C (K) HThng hoa = 717 KJ/mol ; EH - H = 432KJ/mol ;

E C - C = 347 KJ/mol ; EC - H = 411 KJ/mol ; Hht ( H2O) = - 285,8 KJ/mol ; Hht ( CO2) = - 393,5 KJ/mol .

Cu 19. Hy s dng cc s liu cho di y so snh mc phn ng ca Mg v Bavi oxi to ra MgO v BaO. S khc nhau l do nguyn nhn no ? c ph hp vi tnhkim loi ca Mg v Ba khng ? v sao ?

Nng lng lin kt trong phn t oxi : 498,4 KJ/mol.Tng i lc vi electron th nht v th hai ca nguyn t oxi : 702 KJ/mol .

Ba Mg Nhit thng hoa (KJ/mol) 179,1 147,0Nng lng ion ho (I1+ I2)(KJ/mol) 1466,5 2187,5Nng lng mng li ca MO (KJ/mol) 2995,0 3924,0


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 20. Cc ion Cu2+ c th oxi ho ion I- c khng ? Thc nghim ngi ta thy c phnng : Cu2+ + 2 I- = CuI + 1/2 I2

Hy gii thch ti sao phn ng ny din ra v tnh hng s cn bng K ca phn ng.Cho pT CuI = 12 ; E0 (Cu2+/Cu) = 0,16V ; E0( I2/ 2I- ) = 0,54V

Cu 21.1) nh ngha in cc , th in cc chun .2) Th in cc chun ca kim loi ph thuc nhng yu t no ?3) Cho phn ng : 3 Na + AlCl3 == Al + 3 NaCl

C th da vo th in cc chun ca Na v Al gii thch chiu ca phn ng khng ? Ti sao ?

Cu 22.1) C th iu ch kh Clo cc iu kin sau c khng ?

a. Cho dung dch K2Cr2O7 1M tc dng vi dung dch axt HCl 1M .b. Cho dung dch K2Cr2O7 3M tc dng vi dung dch axt HCl 3M .

Cc cht khc ly trng thi chun .2) Trong phng th nghim tin hnh iu ch kh Clo t mui K2Cr2O7 v axt HCl

nh th no ? Ti sao ? Cho bit E0 (Cr2O72-/2Cr3+) = 1,33V ; E0(Cl2/2Cl-) = 1,36V

Cu 23. Chomt dung dch nc FeCl3 , ion Fe3+ l 1 axit c pK1 = 2,2 (nng ion H+ sinhra trong dung dch Fe3+ ch yu do phn ng thu phn nc1) . Hy tnh nng ca muiFeCl3 v gi tr pH ca dung dch Fe(OH)3 bt u kt ta .Cho pT Fe(OH)3 = 38 .

Cu 24. Cho bit th kh chun ca hai cp oxi ho kh :E0(H3AsO4 / H3AsO3 ) = 0,56V v E0(I3- /I-) = 0,54V .

1) Th ca 2 cp oxiho - kh trn ph thuc nh th no vo pH ca mi trng ? V th s ph thuc .

2) Da vo th v da vo tnh ton , Hy xt xem phn ng gia dung dch KI vdung dch H3AsO4 iu kin chun c i chiu khi thay i pH ca mi trng

phn ng khng ? Nu c th phn ng i chiu pH bng bao nhiu ? Vit ccphng trnh phn ng xy ra , chng minh v gii thch .

Cu 20. Cho cn bng : N2(K) + 3H2(K) 2 NH3(K)

Tnh xem nu thc hin phn ng t hn hp (N2(K) +3H2(K) ) nhit 4900

C ,p sut 500 atm th bao nhiu phn trm hn hp ban u s chuyn thnh NH3 . Tkt qu thu c hy cho bit nh hng ca nhit i vi cn bng trn . Cho bit

500 0C , KP = 1,5 . 10-5 atm-2 .Cu 28. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp NH3 :

N2(K) + 3H2(K) 2 NH3(K) 500 0C , KP = 1,5 . 10-5 atm-2 .Tnh xem c bao nhiu % hn hp ban u (N2(K) +3H2(K) ) chuyn thnh NH3 nu thchin phn ng 500 atm , 1000 atm v cho nhn xt v kt qu.

Cu 29.

1.Khi cho crom kim loi ho tan trong dung dch axit H2SO4 1M ( 250C), snhm thu


10


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Ha v c- HSPHN

c l mui Cr(II) hay l mui Cr(III) ?

Cho : E0 (Cr3+ / Cr ) = - 0,74v ; E0 (Cr3+ / Cr2+) = - 0,41V

2. Xc nhth kh chun ca cp AgCl/Ag iu kin chun.Cho bit : E0(Ag+/Ag) = 0,80V ; v tch s tan ca AgCl l 1,8.10- 10(pK = 9,7).

2. Hy chng minh rng ( 250C) Ag c kh nng y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI 1N.Bit tch s tan ca AgI = 8,3 .10-17 ; E0 Ag+/Ag = 0,80V .

Cu 30. 8200C hng s cn bng KP ca cc phn ng nh sau :

CaCO3 (r) = CaO(r) + CO2(K) K1 = 0,2

Cgr + CO2(K) = 2 CO(K) K2 = 2

Cho 1 mol CaCO3 (r) v 1 mol Cgr vo bnh chn khng dung tch 22,4 lt duy tr 8200C.

1) Tnh s mol cc cht khi cn bng .

2) th tch no ca bnh th s phn hu CaCO3 l hon ton .

3) Xc nh nhit CaCO3 bt u phn hu .

Cho : CaCO3 (r) = CaO(r) + CO2(K)

H0298 (KJ/mol) - 1206,9 - 635,1 - 393,5

S0298 (J/mol.) 92,9 39,7 213,6Gi thit : H0 v S0 khng ph thuc vo nhit .


11


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Chng III. CU TO , TNH CHT CC NGUYN T , CCN CHT V HP CHTCA CHNG.

Cu 1. Da vo cu to nguyn t , tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t v cc hpcht chnh ca chng , hy cho bit v sao li xp :

1) Cc nguyn t Mn , Tc , Re vo nhm VII cng vi cc nguyn t halogen , nhng likhc phn nhm .2) Cc nguyn t Cu , Ag , Au vo nhm I cng vi cc nguyn t kim loi kim , nhngli khc phn nhm .

Cu 2. Oxi v hidro tc dng nh th no vi cc nguyn t chu k 3 ca bng tun hon.

1) Vit y v nu cc iu kin ca cc phn ng nu c .

2) Trong cc phn ng trn , phn ng no c ng dung trong thc t .

3) Qua nhng phn ng trnh by, anh(ch) c th rt ra kt lun g v tnh cht ho

hc ca Oxi , hidro v c nhn xt g v s bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trongmt chu k .

Cu 3.

1) Tng O3 l l chn bo v tri t trnh bc x nng lng cao ca mt tri.

a) Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xc nh vi tr ca O3.

b) Tnh nng lng theo kJ do 1m3 O3 hp th t tia mt tri c bc sng = 3400A0.Hiu sut hp thu nng lng l 100%.

2) Vit phng trnh phn ng thu phn cc hp cht sau: ZnC2; Al4C3; Be2C, NCl3, PCl3, BCl3

Cu 4. 1) Gii thch v sao i vi cc ion n nguyn t:

rcation rnguyn t ; ranion rnguyn t

2) Khong cch gia cc nhn nguyn t cc tinh th: NaF, KCl, LiF, KBr ln lt

bng 2,310

A; 3,14

0

A; 1,96

0

A; 3,28

0

A. Tnh bn knh ca cc ion Li+, Na+, K+, F-, Cl-,

Br-. Khi chuyn sang pha kh cc khong cch trn ch cn bng 1,8460

A; 2,667

0

A;

2,821 0A . Hy gii thch s thay i .

Cu 5. 1) Gii thch v sao F l phi kim mnh hn Cl nhng i lc vi e ca n (-332,7kJ/mol) li ln hn ca clo (-348,7 kJ/mol) , Nng lng lin kt Cl-Cl (242kJ/mol) liln hn ca F-F (159kJ/mol) ? Li l kim loi yu hn c Na nhng i lc vi e ca n (-57kJ/mol) li ln hn ca Na (-71,4 kJ/mol) ?

2) i lc vi e th nht ca oxi bng -142,00kJ/mol, vi e th 2 bng +844,00 kJ/mol.Gii thch. Tnh i lc tng cng vi c 2e. Kt qu ny mu thun g vi s tn ti thc t

ca ion O2-

khng ? Ti sao ?Cu 6. 1) Hy xy dng gin cc mc nng lng MO i vi phn t cc halogen .


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Gii thch s xut hin mu v s bin i mu dy halogen t Cl2,n I2 . Khi hotan cc halogen vo axeton th xy ra s chuyn dch sang mu xanh hay . V sao?

2) Ngi ta bit rng nit triflorua hon ton b mt tnh cht cho, cn PF3 to thnhnhiu phc cht vi cc kim loi chuyn tip, v d [Ni(PF3)4] v rt c. Hy gii thch

s khc nhau ny.Cu 7. Mt s c im ca cc hidro halogenua HX nh sau:

Tnh cht , c im HF HCl HBr HI

di lin kt X H (A0)

Nng lng lin kt X H(KJ/ mol)

Nhit nng chy (0C )

Nhit si (0C )

Hng s phn li Ka

0,92

565

- 83

19,5

7,8.10- 4

1,27

431

- 114,2

- 84,9

1,5. 107

1,41

364

- 88

- 66,7

1,2.10 9

1,60

297

- 50,8

- 35,8

4,9. 010

1) Hy m t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t HX theo thuyt obitan phn t.

2) Hy nu nhn xt (c gii thch ) s bin cc i lng di lin kt, nng lnglin kt , bn nhit ca cc phn t HX , nhit nng chy , nhit si ca chng

bin i nh th no ? ti sao ?

3) Da vo cu trc phn t v thuyt axit- baz ca Bronsted hy gii thch s bin itnh axit trong dung dch nc theo chiu t HF n HI .

4) Nu thay dung mi nc bng amonic lng v bng axit axetic nguyn cht th hng sphn li ca cc axit trn s tng hay gim v trt t bin i tnh axit baz trong dytrn c thay i khng , ti sao ?

Cu 8 . Gc ho tr < HXH , di lin kt X H , nng lng lin kt X H ,nhit to thnh , ... th in cc, ca H2O , H2S , H2Se , H2Te c cc gi tr sau :

Tnh cht , c im H2O H2S H2Se H2Te

Gc ho tr < HXH di lin kt X H (A0)

H0

( KJ/ mol )Nng lng lin kt X H (KJ/ mol)Nhit nng chy (0C )Nhit si (0C )Th in cc chun: E0

E0 ( X + 2H+ + 2e = H2X ) ,v

104,50,96

- 284,5464,40,00100

+ 1,23

92,21,33

- 20,08376,6- 85,6- 60,35+ 0,14

911,46

76,98276,1- 65,7- 41,4- 0,40

901,70

142,25238,5- 51- 2

- 0,72

1. Hy m t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phan t H2X theo thuyt lin kt ho tr.2. Hy nu nhn xt (c gii thch) s bin i cc i lng di lin kt, nng lnglin kt, nhit si, tnh bn, tnh axit ca cc hp cht H2X trn.

3.Nuthay nc bng amonic lng v bng axit axetic nguyn cht th hng s phn li


13


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Ha v c- HSPHN

ca cc axit trn s tng hay gim v trt t bin i tnh axit - baz trong dy trn cthay i khng , ti sao ?

4. H2S , H2Se , H2Te c kh c H2O n H2 khng ? ti sao ?Cu 9.

1) M t cu to ca cc ion: ClO4-, SO42- , PO43-, SiO44- v s hnh thnh lin kt cc

ion bng phng php lin kt ho tr.2) di lin kt X- O ( X = Cl, S, P, Si ) bin i nh th no trong dy:

ClO4-, SO42- , PO43-, SiO44- ? Gii thch .3) Tnh axit , tnh bn, tnh oxiho bin i nh th no trong dy :

HClO4, H2SO4 , H3PO4, H4SiO4 ? Gii thch. Nu dn chng minh ho.Cu 10.

1) Ti sao iu kin thng nit l cht kh nhng photpho li l cht rn v photphohot ng mnh hn nit?

2) Gii thch v sao, tuy cng trong mt phn nhm nhng nit khng c tnh th hnh,cn P c nhiu dng th hnh.

3) Da vo vic phn tch cu trc phn t ca cc dng th hnh ca photpho, hy chobit trong s cc dng ny, dng no hot ng mnh hn c.

Cu 11.1) M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t NH3 v PH3 theo thuytlin kt ho tr .

2) So snh cng thc cu to, tnh cht l ho hc ca NH3 v PH3 .

3) Phn t CH4 v NH3 u c obitan lai ho nguyn t C v N , nhng ti sao CH4khng c kh nng kt hp prton to thnh CH5+ nh NH4+ .Cu 12.

1) Nhng yu t c bn no xc nh s khc nhau v tnh cht gia nit v photpho. Chov d.

2) Gii thch s khc nhau v: Tnh cht baz, kh nng cho ca N(CH3)3 v P(CH3)3 ivi kim loi chuyn tip.

3) Gii thch s khc bit nhau v cu to phn t v tnh cht axit baz ca cc hp cht

N(CH3)3 v N(SiH3)3.Cu 13.

1) Cacbon, nit l 2 nguyn t k tip nhau chu k 2 ca bng h thng tun hon. Hygii thch:a) V sao lin kt C C c hot tnh mnh, trong khi lin kt N N c hot tnh rt yu.

b) V sao lin kt n C C li qu bn so vi lin kt n N N

H3C CH3 N2H NH2

Nng lng lin kt(kcal.mol-1

) 83 38


14


15/22

Ha v c- HSPHN

2) Cacbon v silic l nhng nguyn t k tip nhau nhm IVA ca bng h thng tunhon. Hy gii thch ti sao:

a) Nhit nng chy ca CkC (>40000C) ln hn ca silic (14100C) rt nhiu.

b) CO2 tn ti dng n phn t thng cn SiO2 phn t polime.T rt ra kt lun

g v nhit nng chy ca CO2 v SiO2.

Cu 14. M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t BF3 theo thuyt VB , thuyt MO. Vi cchm t trn c gii thch tho ng s rt ngn di lin kt B-F hay khng?

d(B-F) = 1,25 AO ; rB = 0,795 AO ; rF = 0,709 AO.

Cu 15.1) a) So snh cc tnh cht vt l ca kim cng v than ch. Gii thch?

b) nhit cao, cacbon c th kh c nc, kali clorat, bari sunfat, axit nitric, axit

sunfuric v mt s oxit kim loi thnh kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.2) Gii thch ti sao iu kin thng CO2 l cht kh cn SiO2 l cht rn c nhit nng chy rt cao?

Cu 16.1. M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t CO v CO2 theo phng php lin kt

ho tr . So snh cu to ca chng . Gii thch .2. So snh tnh cht l hc , tnh cht ho hc ca CO v CO2 . Cho cc v d minh

ho v gii thch .

3. Nu cc ng dng ca CO v CO2 . C s khoa hc ca nhng ng dng .Cu 17.

1) M t cu to cc phn t ng electron CO, N2 theo thuyt VB, thuyt MO.

2) So snh v gii thch S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht vt l (nhit nngchy, nhit si, tan ), tnh cht ho hc ( tnh kh, kh nng to phc) ca hai khtrn.

3)Nit tinh khit quang ph c th iu ch nh th no?

4) Ti sao coi dung dch amoniac nh amoni hidroxit l khng ng?Cu 18.

1. Tnh axit trong dy SeO2 TeO2 PoO2 thay i nh th no? minh ho bng phngtrnh phn ng.

2. So snh tnh axit, tnh oxiho - kh ca H2SO3, H2SeO3, H2TeO3.

Cu 19. AlF3 khng tan trong HF, nhng tan trong HF khi c mt NaF, khi cho qua dung dchBF3 th s kt ta AlF3. Gii thch cc hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.

Cu 20. Cho cc gi tr sau


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16/22

Ha v c- HSPHN

Nng lng lin kt X-X (kJ/mol) Hhi X - kJ/mol i lc e (kJ/mol)

F 159 -506 -345

Cl 242 -376 -367

a) Hy so snh cc gi tr nng lng lin kt, H hirat ha, i lc electron ca clo vflo. Gii thch.

b) T cc s liu cho hy chng minh trong dung dch nc flo c tnh oxi ha mnhhn clo.

Cu 21. Gc ho tr < HXH , di lin kt X H , nng lng lin kt X H , nhitto thnh ca NH3 , PH3 , AsH3 , SbH3 , BiH3 c cc gi tr sau :

Tnh cht , c im NH3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3

Gc ho tr < HXH di lin kt X H (A0)

Nng lng trung bnh ca linkt X H (KJ/ mol)

Nhit nng chy (0C )Nhit si (0C )Nhit to thnh H0 (KJ/ mol )Momen lng cc, D

10701,014380

- 78- 33- 46,11,47

93,701,42323

- 133,8- 87,7+ 9,60,58

9201,52281

- 116- 62+ 670,22

9101,7256

- 88- 18+ 144,60,12

1. M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t XH3 theo phng php VB .2. Hy nu nhn xt ( c gii thch ) s bin i cc i lng di lin kt , nng

lng lin kt , nhit nng chy, nhit si , tnh kh , tnh bn ca cc hpcht trn .

3. Hy gii thch s thay i tnh baz ca cc hp cht XH3 trong dung dch nc .Cu 22.

1. Nhng yu t c bn no xc nh s khc nhau v tnh cht gia nit v photpho. Cho

v d.

2. Gii thch s khc nhau v: Tnh cht baz, kh nng cho ca N(CH3)3 v P(CH3)3i

vi kim loi chuyn tip.

Cu 23. Cn c vo thuyt lin kt ho tr v vo cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t p, hy chobit:

1) V sao cc electron cc lp th hai, th ba k t bn ngoi khng c th tham giavo vic to lin kt.

2) V sao a s cc nguyn t p c nhiu ho tr v cc gi tr ca chng chnh nhau hain v.3)Khng th khng nh c rng: cc nguyn t c cu trc ca lp v ngoi cng

nh nhau s c cng ho tr.


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Ha v c- HSPHN

4) Khuynh hng biu hin ho tr cc i , bc oxi ho cc i ca cc nguyn t nythay i nh th no trong phm vi mt phn nhm.

Cu 24.1) Ti sao c cc phn t BX3 (X = F,Cl,Br) nhng khng c phn t BH3 ? Ti sao phnt B2H6 li tn ti c .

2) B, Al l hai nguyn t k nhau phn nhm chnh nhm III . Gii thch ti sao c phnt Al2Cl6 nhng khng c phn t B2Cl6Cu 25. M t cu trc ca cc ion NO3- bng thuyt lin kt ho tr. T y suy ra cu trc

ca phn t axit nitric.

Cu 26.1. Hy cho bit nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc cht trong mi dy

sau bin i nh th no? v sao ?a) CH4 , SiH4 , GeH4 , SnH4 .

b) NH3 , PH3 , AsH3 , SbH3 .

c) H2O , H2S , H2Se , H2Te .d) HF , HCl , HBr , HI .2. Hai gio sinh biu din tng tc ca NH3 ,vi H+ theo 2 cch di y, v u cho lmnh ng bn sai . kin ca em nh th no ? Gii thch : a) NH3 + H+ NH4+ b) NH3 + H+NH4+

Cu 27.1) Th no l nhit phn li ca mt cacbonat, mt hidroxit.2) Gii thch s bin i nhit phn li ca cacbonat, v hidroxit sau :a) Cc cacbonat Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Zn2+ Cd2+ Pb2+

t0phn li (0C ) 650 897 1200 1350 297 357 347

b) Cc hidroxit Mg2+

Ca2+

Sr2+

Ba2+

K+

Ag+

t0phn li(0C ) 160 547 778 898 si 13240 t0 thngkhng phn hu phn hu

Cu 28.Cn c vo thuyt lin kt ho tr v vo cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t p, hy chobit:

1) V sao cc electron cc lp th hai, th ba k t bn ngoi khng c th tham giavo vic to lin kt.

2) V sao a s cc nguyn t p c nhiu ho tr v cc gi tr ca chng chnh nhau hain v.

3)Khng th khng nh c rng: cc nguyn t c cu trc ca lp v ngoi cng

nh nhau s c cng ho tr.4) Khuynh hng biu hin ho tr cc i , bc oxi ho cc i ca cc nguyn t nythay i nh th no trong phm vi mt phn nhm.

Cu 29.1) Nu dn chng chng minh rng :

Crom l kim loi nhng li c tnh cht ca mt phi kim l lu hunh . Crom l kim loi chuyn tip nhng li c tnh cht ca nhm l mt kim loi khngchuyn tip . Gii thch nguyn nhn .

2) T hn hp hai cht rn NaAlO2 , NaCrO2 . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch

Al2O3 v Cr2O3 .


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18/22

Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 30.1) Nu khuynh hng bn ca cc trng thi oxiho ca cc kim loi nhm 3A, 4A, 5A.

Gii thch

2) Trong s 2 tiu phn trong cc cp sau tiu phn no bn hn?

a. (CH 3)3B:PCl 3 v (CH 3)3Ga: PCl 3b. (CH 3)3Al: Pyridin v (CH 3)3Ga: Pyridin

3) AlF3 khng tan trong HF nh ng tan trong HF khi c mt NaF sau i qua dungdch BF 3 s kt ta AlF 3

4) Da vo ph ng tnh no cho bit vai tr ca AlCl 3 nh cht xc tc friedel-Grafls

Cu 31.

Da vo vic xem xt cu trc phn t, hy cho bit (c gii thch) :

1) Cc hp cht nhm halogenua (AlF3, AlCl3, AlBr3, AlI3 ) c phi l axit Lewiskhng ? Lc axit ca chng thay i nh th no trong dy.

2) Khuynh hng dime ho ca cc hp cht AlX3 thay i nh th no khi X chuyn tF n I.

3) Khuynh hng dime ho ca cc hp cht MCl3 thay i nh th no khi M thay it Al n In.

Chng IV. HO HC PHC CHTCu 1: Th no l cu phi tr, phi t, nguyn t trung tm, nguyn t cho, hp cht phi tr

(phc cht) , hnh phi tri v cng thc phi cnh.Cu 2: V, m t hnh phi tr v cng thc phi cnh ca cc phc cht vi ion trung tm c

cc s phi tr t 2 8. Mi trng hp cho mt phc cht c th minh ha.Cu 3:

a, Th no l dung lng phi tr ca phi t? Phi t cu ni? Phi t m? Liu ctrng hp m dung lng phi tr ca phi t ln hn (hoc nh hn) s nguyn t chohay khng? Nu c, hy cho cc v d minh ha.

b, Th no l phi t khp vng, phi t vng ln? Nu vi tr ca hiu ng phi tr vng,hiu ng vng ln, cho v d minh ha.

Cu 4: a. Th no l phi t kinh in v khng kinh in, s khc nhau gia 2 loi phi t? Cho v d minh ha.

b. Nu mt vi phc cht cha phi t - cho loi ankyl v ng dng thc t ca chng.

Cu 5. Nu qui tc gi tn phc cht n nhn vi cc phi t n gin. Cho mt s v dminh ha.

Cu 6. Vit cng thc ca cc phc sau :

1) Diammin tricloro hidroxo platin ; Diammin tricloro hidroxo platin(IV) ;2) Diaqu tetraammin Coban(III) Clourua ;


18


19/22

Ha v c- HSPHN

3) Diaqu tetraammin Cobanti Clourua ; Dicloro Tetraaqu Cobant ;4) Dicloro Tetraaqu Cobant ;5) Hexaammin Cobant(III) hexaxiano Cobantua(III) ;6) Hexaammin Cobanti hexaxiano Cobantiat ;

7) Hexaaqu Crom(III) Bromua ; Hexaaqu Cromi Bromua ;8) Hexaaqu feri Clorua ; Hexaaqu fero Clorua ;9) Hexaaqu st(II) Clorua ; Hexaaqu st(III) Clorua ;10) Hexapyridin platin(IV) hexacloro platinat(II) ;11) Hexapyridin platine hexacloro platinoat ;12) Kali hexaxiano Cuprat(II) ; Kali hexaxiano Cuproat ;

Cu 7.Gi tn cc phc cht sau theo danh php quc t:a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3 ; [Cr(H2O)6]Br3 ; [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 ; [Fe(H2O)6]Cl2

b) K4[Cu(CN)6] ; K4[Mo(CN)8] ; K4[Fe(CN)6] ; K3[Fe(CN)6]c) [Co(NH3)3(NO3)3]0 ; [Ni(CO)4]0 ; [Pt(NH3)2Cl3(OH)]0 ; [Co(H2O)4Cl2]0

d) [PtPy6][PtCl6]2 ; [Co(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]Cu 8.

1) Da trn c s thuyt VB , hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phc :[FeF6]3- v [Fe(CN)6]3-

2) Da vo thuyt trng tinh th ,v s s sp xp cc electron d ca ion Fe3+ trongcc phc bt din u trn . So snh bn ca cc phc bng cch tnh nng lng nnh bi trng tinh th .

3) Tnh momen t tng hp v cho bit t tnh ca cc phc trn .Cho bit : F- l phi t trng yu , CN- l phi t trng mnh , ZFe= 26

Cu 9.1) Tnh hng s bn tng cng ca phc [ Ag(NH3)2]- 250C

Cho bit : Ag+ + e = Ag E0 = 0,8V

[ Ag(NH3)2] + + e = Ag( r ) + 2NH3aq . E0 = 0,4V

2) Tnh hng s bn tng cng ca phc [ Ag(CN)2]- 250C Cho bit : Ag+ + e = Ag E0 = 0,8V

[ Ag(CN)2] - + e = Ag( r ) + CN-aq . E0 = - 0,29V3) Hy xt xem Ag c tan trong HCN 1M gii phng H2 hay khng ?

Cho bit: E0 (Ag+/Ag) = 0,8v , Kb[Ag(CN)2]- = 7,08.1019

Cu 10: a. Nu mt s phc cht cha phi t -cho/-nhn.b. M t s hnh thnh lin kt gia CO v nguyn t kim loi trong phc cht cacbonyl.c. Thnh phn ca phc cht cha phi t -cho/-nhntun theo qui tc bn ca velectron kh him. Cho v d minh ha.

Cu 11: Phc cht [Cr(CO)6] c bn khng? Da vo thuyt VB m t s hnh thnh lin kttrong phc cht trn.

b. Da vo thuyt VB m t s hnh thnh lin kt trong phc cht [Co2(CO)8]


19


20/22


21/22

Ha v c- HSPHN

a. Cho bit ngun gc cc vn hp ph trn hai ph .

b. Cc dung dch phc ch trn c mu g? Ti sao?

22200 13100

10000 20000 25000 (cm-1) 10000 15000 20000 (cm-1)Hinh a Hinhb

Cu 17.Ph hp th electron ca dung dch TiCl3 v CrCl2 cho di y:

20300 1400

5000 10000 20000 30000 (cm-1) 5000 10000 20000 30000 (cm-1)1. Hy nu nguyn nhn sinh ra cc vn hp th trn cc ph .

2. Dung dch TiCl3 v dung dch CrCl2 c mu g? Ti sao?

3. V sao c 2 dung dch trn li hp th cc bc sng khc nhau nh vy?

Cu 18. Hy gii thch cc hin tng i mu sau:1. Cho I2 vo h tinh bt to ra mu xanh tm.

2. CuSO4 khan c mu trng, CuSO4.5H2O c mu xanh lam, dung dch CuSO4 c muxanh lam, dung dch CuSO4 cha NH3 (d) c mu xanh ch, dung dch CuSO4 chaetyleniamin d c mu xanh chm m.

Cu 19. Hy gii thch v sao:1. Dung dch ca mi ion sau: Zn2+, Hg2+ , Cd2+ , Sc3+, La3+, Al3+, Ca2+, K+ li khng cmu.

2. trng thi rn, cc oxit, cc mui ca kim loi chuyn tip u c mu. Nunhng ng dng da vo tnh cht .


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Ha v c- HSPHN

Cu 20. Xt xem AgCl, AgI c tan trong dung dch NH3 1M c khng?Bit TAgCl = 1,8.10-10 , Kb ca [Ag(NH3)2]+ = 1.108 v TAgI = 83.1017.

Cu 21. Hy m t th nghim phn ng trng bc. Gii thch cc hin tng xy ra. Vitcc phng trnh phn ng chng minh.

Cu 22. Xt xem AgCl, AgBr, AgI c tan trong dung dch Na2S2O3 1M c khng? BitTAgBrr= 5,3.10-13 , Kb ca [Ag(S2O3)2]3- =2,5.10-14

Cu 23. Cho bit ng (II) hiroxit vo dung dch NH31. Vit phn ng xy ra.

2. Khi lng ti a ca Cu(OH)2 c th ha tan trong 1 lt dung dch NH3 1M bngbao nhiu?

Bit TCu(OH)2 = 2,2.10-20 v kb ca [Cu(NH3)4]2+ = 1,07.1012.

Cu 24. Xt chiu ca phn ng sau 25

0

C theo 2 cch:[Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 3 en = [Ni(en)3]2+ + 6NH3Bit H0pu = -25kJ/mol v S0pu = 110 J/mol.KKb ca [Ni(en)3]2+ = 1,29.1019 v kb ca [Ni(NH3)6]2+ = 1,02.108

Cu 25. 1) Cho bit s ng phn ca cc phc cht sau :[Co(NH3)4Cl2] , [Pt(Py)( NH3)ClBr] , [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] , [Co(NH3)3ClBrI] .

2) Da trn c s thuyt VB , hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phc :[NiCl4]2- , [ Ni(CN)4]2- (Ghi ch : Py l pyridin )

Copyright Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc22

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