Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry

Balaram SahooNimai Charan NayakAsutosh SamantarayPrafulla Kumar Pujapanda

Contents i

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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Contents iiiINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Balaram SahooFormerly Professor of Inorganic ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Nimai Charan NayakFormerly Principal and ProfessorDhenkanal Autonomous College

Odisha

Asutosh SamantarayProfessor and Head

Postgraduate Department of Chemistry Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology

Bhubaneswar

Prafulla Kumar PujapandaFormerly Reader and HeadDepartment of Chemistry

Dhenkanal Autonomous CollegeOdisha

New Delhi-1100012012

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRYBalaram Sahoo, Nimai Charan Nayak, Asutosh Samantaray, and Prafulla Kumar Pujapanda

© 2012 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-4308-5

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Rekha Printers Private Limited, New Delhi-110020.

Contents v

To The memory of our revered teacher

D. PatnaikPhD (Cantab)

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Contents vii

Contents

vii

Part One FUNDAMENTALS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. The Atom ............................................................................................................... 3–8Introduction 3Atomic Number 3Mass Number 3Atomic Mass Unit 4Atomic Mass 4Isotopes 4Isobars 4Isotones 5Nuclear Stability 5Determination of Atomic Mass 5

Chemical Combining Weights Method 5Limiting Gas Density Method 5Mass Spectrometric Measurements Method 6Nuclear Reaction Energies 7

Exercises 7

2. Elements and Their Cosmic Genesis .................................................................. 9–17Introduction 9Uses of Elements 10Origin of Elements 10

Preface ................................................................................................................................................ xxxv

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Cosmic Abundance of Elements 10Nucleogenesis 11

The Theory of Nucleogenesis 12Man Made Elements 16Exercises 16

3. Atomic Structure .............................................................................................. 18–39Introduction 18Bohr Atom 19Quantization of Hydrogen Atom 19Elliptical Orbits 21Multielectron Atom 21Exclusion Principle 21Hydrogen Spectrum 22Quantum Mechanics 23Uncertainty Principle 24Wave Particle Duality 24Wave Equations 25

Solutions of the Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom 26Quantum States 27Many-electron Atoms 30

Build up of Many-electron Atoms 32Exercises 36

4. Periodic Table ................................................................................................... 40–57Introduction 40Valence 42Metals and Non-metals 42

Acid-base Properties of Oxides of Elements 42Other Properties 44Effective Nuclear Charge 44Atomic and Ionic Radii 44Ionic Radii 45Electronegativity 48Ionization Energies 50Electron Affinitie 53Importance of Periodic Table 54Exercises 56

5. Theories of Chemical Bonding ...................................................................... 58–117Section A 58Multiple Bonds 59Heteronuclear Molecules 60Odd Electron Molecules 61Lewis Acids and Bases 61Bonding with Heavier Atoms 62

Resonance Structures 63

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Molecular Shape: The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory 63Why Do the Wide Range of Molecular Shapes Arise? 64

Wave Mechanical Theories 71Valence Bond Theory 71Orbital Hybridization and Geometry of Molecules 73

Resonance 76Application of Valence Bond Theory to Molecules Containing Non-bonding Electron Pairs 76

Molecular Orbital Theory 77The H2

+ Molecule 78Energy Level Diagrams 81Hydrogen Molecule 82

Diatomic Molecules 83Homonuclear Diatomics (Second Row Elements) 84Energy of the Molecular Orbitals 84

Paramagnetism 86Build up of Diatomic Molecules 86

Lithium 87Beryllium 87Boron 87Carbon 88Nitrogen 88Oxygen 88Fluorine 89Neon 89Diatomic Molecules of Later Periods 90

Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules 92Hydrogen Fluoride 92Heterodiatomic Molecules 93Boron Nitride (BN) 94BO, CN and CO+ 94CO, CN– and NO+ 95

Section B 95Ionic Bonds and Ionic Structures 95Ion Formation 95

Positive and Negative Ions 96Lattice Energy 97

Born–Haber Cycle 99Crystal Structure 101Unit Cell 101Bravais Lattices 102Close Packing of Spheres 104

Cubic Close Packing (CCP) ABCABCABC… 104Some Common Ionic Crystal Structures 106

Sodium Chloride Structure 106Caesium Chloride Structure 107Calcium Fluoride Structure 107Rutile Structure 107

Inorganic Chemistry

Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : 9788120343085

Author : SAHOO, BALARAM, NAYAK, NIMAICHARAN, SAMANTARAY,ASUTOSH , PUJAPANDA,PRAFULLA KUMAR

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/7492

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