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Balloon borne experiment of Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC with μ-PIC H.Nishimura H.Nishimura T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Ka T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Ka buki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S. buki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S. Kurosawa Kurosawa (KYOTO University) (KYOTO University) MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC System and Operation of first balloon experiment Summary and Future work 2007 MPGD 研研研 研研 Photo: Saga balloon Fes

Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

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Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC. H.Nishimura T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Kabuki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S.Kurosawa (KYOTO University). Photo: Saga balloon Festi. MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC System and Operation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Balloon borne experiment of Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma CameraMeV-Gamma Camera

with μ-PICwith μ-PICH.NishimuraH.Nishimura

T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Kabuki, A.TakT.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Kabuki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S.Kurosawaeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S.Kurosawa

(KYOTO University)(KYOTO University)

MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC System and Operation

of first balloon experiment Summary and Future work

2007   MPGD 研究会@佐賀

Photo: Saga   balloon Festi.

Page 2: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

MeV Gamma-ray AstrophysicsMeV Gamma-ray Astrophysics

Schönfelder, et al.(2000)

COMPTEL(1-30MeV)

32 sources

EGRET(>100MeV)

271 sources Hartman, et al,(1999)

COMPTEL(1-30MeV) onboard GRO (1991-2000)

Nucleosynthesis Supernova: Nuclear emission from RIParticle Acceleration Pulsar, GRB, Solar flare, Active Galactic NucleiStrong gravitational field Stellar BH, PBH (Page & Hawking, 1976)

Galaxy evolution ・ structure extra-galactic -ray diffuse BGCosmic-ray origin, propagation  galactic -ray diffuse emission  

Page 3: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Sensitivity gap Sensitivity gap in MeV gamma-ray regionin MeV gamma-ray region

keV MeV GeV TeV

sensitiv

ity

All Sky survey

NeXT

1mCrab

EGRETAir CherenkovGLAST(2007)

~1 °

Our Goal

Page 4: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

-15-15

15X [cm]

15

Y [

cm]

MeV-gamma Compton CameraMeV-gamma Compton CameraClassicalDetect energy of e- and γ

and direction of   γ

600 events

restrict a direction of γincident in   donut-shaped area

Image become broad,and generate ghost.

ex.COMPTEL

two source image

2.6

m

1.7m

CGRO 衛星 COMPTEL

Liquid scinti.

NaI(Tl) scinti

150 events

Advanced

Able to image with less events

-15-15

15

15

X [cm]

Y [

cm]

⇒Our DetectorDetect energy of e- and γ

and direction of e-   andγrestrict a direction of γincident in   arc area

Page 5: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Gas Time Projection Chamber (μ-TPC) Recoil electron with 3D track and energy   less Multiple Scatter Scintillation Camera Direction and energy of scatter γ-ray.

Our Compton CameraOur Compton Camera

Get Direction and energy of incident gamma-ray event by eventGeometrical angle v.s Kinematics angle

⇒ Reject incorrect Compton event

Page 6: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

To detect recoil electron. Gas Time Projection Chamber

Electric Field(E=0.4kV/cm)

Drift Velosity(Ar)   =4cm/sec

・ Large Volume.>10×10×10cm・ Strong Structure・ less readout65000pixel⇒512line

μ-PIC   +   GEMgain 2000    10   ~ 5000  ~ 20

400μm

3mm

Page 7: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

エネルギー範囲を指定

Our Camera imaingOur Camera imaing

137Cs

54Mn

All range

エネルギーを分けた

イメージングができる!

[cm]

[cm

]

785-885keV

54Mn:835keV

[cm]

[cm

]

40cm12cm 137Cs

54Mn

622-702keV

137Cs:662keV

[cm]

[cm

]

Page 8: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Our road map Our road map (10cm)3 MeV γ-ray Camera @ Sanriku(2006)

(30cm)3   Camera @Japan 6 hours   (2009?)

•Operation test of gas-TPC @ 35km •Cosmic Back ground ・ atmosphere gamma-ray measurement ( expect: 0.1 ~ 1MeV Total 300 Photons@35km )

•Observation of Crab and Cyg X-1

(40cm)3   Camera         Long flight Balloon ~ 10 Days

(50cm)3 Camera   all-sky survey on satellite

Page 9: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

•TPC 10cm μ-PIC+10cmGEM  Xe+Ar+C2H6gas (80:18:2) 1atm  101014cm3

Gain μ-PIC ×2000 GEM ×15・ GSO   scintilator

5cm 33 MAPMT •Anti Plastic scintillator  30cm×30cm×3mm

TPC

GSOScinti

TPC Amplifier

Plastic Scinti

FPGA DATA taking system

VME Module• CPU• ADC• telemetry• Counter board

NIM Module• Scint. AMP• DAC

Balloon Model of Our CameraBalloon Model of Our Camera

DATAwrite HDD

+send ground by FM radio

φ1×1.4m 3

Page 10: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Inside of Bessel (1 atm )DetectorDAQ system ・ Hard DiskSensors

DC-DC conv.

Battery

Battery

  

1.4m

~1m

Outside of BesselDC-DC converterBatterySensors

Ballast Case

1.45m1.20m

MI sensor

1.55

m

•container :1.451.21.55m3

•Bessel:φ1×1.4m3 •Container +detector Mass   397kg•Power: ~ 350W

•Bessel : 220W  

For Balloon flighttransmitter, receiver,transponder, buoy,sensorGPS

Bessel

Al thickness=3mm

Balloon containerBalloon container

  No attitude control

Page 11: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Balloon Balloon • B100(100,000m3)• Mass   816kg     (balloon

263kg 、 gondola397kg     25.8kg 、 130kg )• buoyancy   888.2kg

Balloon launch@ Sanriku, Japan

gondola package

1.55m

1.45m1.20m

Page 12: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

岩手県Iwate Pre.

宮城県Miyagi Pre.

気仙沼kesennuma

釜石kamaishi

Miyako宮古

launch

Obserb.End

150km

Flight trace

Level flight

altitude

Our detector FlightOur detector Flight

Flight for 7 hoursAM 5:26(JST)   DAQ on 6:11   Launch 8:56   into Level Flight 12:59   DAQ off 13:45 Slash down   14:32    recover by ship

0  1  2  3   4   5  6   7  8 [hour]

35.0Km32.0Km

Page 13: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

launch operation endMax   at 16km

level flight

・ telemetry  no problem・ detector ・DAQ  no problem・ rate of data taking ~ 20H z・ Dead time ~10%

DAQ trigger rate

GSO TRIGGER RATE (No VETO)

赤  CPU青  inner air緑  outer air紫  Power System黒  battery (3B36)  

Temperature

0  1  2  3   4   5  6   7  [hour]

10

102

103

Hz

/PM

GSO ( sum ) trigger rate

Flight Status

Page 14: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

operation of TPC @32km height operation of TPC @32km height

launch  

End

Rate of micro discharge

hour

altitude

No critical dischargeand damagefor μ-PIC and GEM.

Increasing μ-discharge caused by large energy deposit event .

Page 15: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Charged Particle ModeCharged Particle Mode

red : Landau function 4.8 keV/cm @ peak

MIP 5.3 keV/cm

dE/dx 分布 ( Single track )Single Track

Multi Trackd E /dx[keV/cm]

Page 16: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Observation of MeV Gamma-rayObservation of MeV Gamma-ray

← Observed γ-ray   spectrum

Preliminary

• @height of 32 ~ 35 km, 3.5 hour• with 3str Field of view• Total ~250 photons

Final result is coming soon...

Page 17: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Next StepNext Step(10cm)3 MeV γ-ray Camera @ Sanriku(2006)

(30cm)3   Camera @Japan 6 hours   (2009?)•Observation of Crab and Cyg X-1

(40cm)3   Camera         Long flight Balloon ~ 10 Days

(50cm)3 Camera   all-sky survey on satellite

・ 30×30 cm2 μ-PIC・ 23×28cm2 GEM or 15×28cm2GEM× 2・ Development low power read out system ⇒CMOS-ASIC with KEK

Page 18: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

ConclusionConclusionBalloon experiment of MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC   10X10X14cm 3  Gas TPC + GSO Scintillator   measurement of diffuse gamma-ray2006/9/1 launch 、7 hours flight   4 hours level flight at the hight of 32~35km

Detect ~ 250 photons (100keV ~1 MeV)No critical discharge and no damage at detector (μ-PIC)Our μ-TPC   TPC was operated without any problem.

Future workFuture workmore detail analys of flight data

Construct larger detector

Page 19: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

ガンマ線観測モードガンマ線観測モード

• 高度 32 ~ 35 km, 3.5 時間• 視野 3str 内のイベントのみ• Total ~250 photons

← レベルフライトで観測された  ガンマ線スペクトル

Preliminary

Preliminary

天頂角依存性 →• 100 ~ 900 keV• 高度 32 ~ 35km, 3.5h

Atmospheric flux

Total flux(Atmospheric + Cosmic)

0 90 180

Zenith angle [degrees]

0.3 MeV

0.5

0.8

1.0

Page 20: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

← 大気の厚みに対する  カウントレートの変化

• 視野 (3str) 内• エラーバーは 統計のエラーのみ• 図中の曲線は  cosmic 成分 :  Fc = a E–b× exp(-z/τtot)   a,b: free parameter  τtot: mean free path   atmospheric 成分 :  Fa = c E-d × z  c,d: free parameter と仮定して  R(z) = ∫(Fc + Fa)εeffdE で fitting して得たもの

cosmicatmospheric

← Diffuse Cosmic Gamma-ray flux赤線 : 今回の実験で得られた flux

Preliminary

Page 21: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

30cm30cm 角角 γγ 線カメラ開発線カメラ開発30cm

30cm

30cm 角ガス TPC

宇宙線ミューオン

33cm

今までのアレイカメラの大きさ

30cm 角 GSO シンチレーションカメラ

省電力化•TPC 用 CMOS   LSI ( KEK と共同開発)•PMT 用 CMOS LSI   IDE 社 VATA チップ試験中

Page 22: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

通信系通信系

• 地上⇒気球 コマンド  ダブルトーン 15ch– 6ch  気球制御用(カッター・排気弁・バラスト等)– 6ch   PI 用 電源システム ON ・ OFF– 3ch   PI 用 コマンドテーブル  15 メニュー ×8 項目      DAQ コントロール( shutdown )、 HV コント

ロール等 

• 気球⇒地上 テレメトリー   64kbps Bi-phase– イベント毎に送信。

•イベントデータ( DAQ 取得情報の一部。 1kB )– 1 秒毎( GPS 1pps )に送信。

•モニター(電圧・温度・圧力・位置等)  1kB•カウンター(各種トリガーカウンター) 0.5kB

Page 23: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

エネルギー範囲を指定

イメージングの結イメージングの結果果

137Cs

54Mn

All range

エネルギーを分けた

イメージングができる!

[cm]

[cm

]

785-885keV

54Mn:835keV

[cm]

[cm

]

検出器から 40cm の位置に、12cm離した2つの線源 137Cs

54Mn

622-702keV

137Cs:662keV

[cm]

[cm

]

Page 24: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

エネルギー分解能10%@662keV(FWHM)

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 87 9

エネルギー分解能9.0%@662keV(FWHM)

662keV γ 線全面照射 再構成画像抵抗分割読出し

散乱散乱 γγ 線検出シンチレーションカ線検出シンチレーションカメラメラ

5 cm

1 2 3 4 5 6 87 9

GSO(Ce)6x6x13mm3

8x8 マルチアノード PMT(HPK フラットパネルH8500)

8x8 アレイ

TPC の周囲に 33 ユニット配置

Page 25: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

γγ 線検出モードの結果線検出モードの結果

荷電粒子トリガーモード

高度 10 ~ 15 km

地上

エネルギースペクトル

検出レートraw

Event selection

0.5MeV 1.0MeV

Page 26: Balloon borne experiment of  MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

• フレームゆがみ 特になし• 与圧容器内 浸水なし• 観測データ HDD  損傷なし• ガス TPC  異常なし• GSO シンチ +PMT  異常なし

回収された検出器回収された検出器