2

mgqk

flfi,a Ydlfha jr¨Ok iajrEmh '''' ''''' 1

iajNdúlj yg .kakd fudfrhshka Ndú;h '''' ''''' 2

lvqm;a fudfrhshka '''' ''''' 3

lkHd fudfrhshka '''' ''''' 3

†hm;a fudfrhshka '''' ''''' 3

iajNdúlj weÿ jk wxl=r W;af;ackh uÛska me< ⁄moùu ''''' 4

^w& flfi,a w, len,s l%uhSplit corm technique '''' ''''' 4

^wd&' wxl=r len,s u.ska me, ksIamdokh(Split bud technique) '''' ''''' 6

me< isgqùu '''' ''''' 9

^we'& m∫re md,kfha° bj;ajk fudfrhshka Ndú;h (Rejected peeper technique) '''' ''''' 11

^wE& fudfrhshka len,s u.skame< ksIamdokh(Split peeper technique) '''' ''''' 11

^b&' mqIam wxl=rh ^uQ,dlD;sh& úkdY lsrSu u.skame< jr¨Okh W;af;ackh (Gouging technique) ''''' 13

^B& flfi,a .fia w.%ia: wxl=rh úkdY lsrSfuka me< ksmoùu ''''' 14

3

flfi,a Ydlfha jr®Ok iajrEmh

ñhqidfia l=,hg wh;a flfi,a .i

úYd, m∫re wdldrhla .kakd nyq jdr¨Isl

YdlhŸ' m;% jr¨Okh wdrïN jkafka mi

hg msysá i;H l| fyj;a fldaufhysh' fuh

idudkH jHjydrfha flfi,a w,h f,i

ye¢kafõ' i;H lf|ys uOHfhys w.%ia:

wxl=rh fyj;a m%Odk wxl=rh msysgd we;'

th jgd ir¨ms,dldrj m;% yg .kS' m%Odk

wxl=rhg wu;rj iEu m;% mdohlu wxl=rhla

olakg ,efnk w;r tajd mdr¨Yaúl wxl=r

fyj;a llaISh wxl=r f,i ye¢kafõ'

fldaufhka yg .kakd m;%j, msÿ

taldldrj ;†ka weys¯u uÛska jHdc l| iEfoa'

fmd≥ jHjydrfha flfi,a .fia l| f,i

y∫kajkafka fuu jHdc l|hs' flfi,a .ila

mS°u fyj;a lekla yg .ekSu wdrïN ùug

tu .fia ⁄YaÑ; m;% ixLHdjla ygf.k

ÿîh hq;=h' tu wjia:dfõ° fldaufha ueo

msysá m%Odk wxl=rh u,la ^uqyhla& njg

m;aù lefka jr¨Okh wdrïN fõ' flfi,a

lek jr¨Okhù wiajkq ,nd≥ka miqj tu

.i ñh hhs' tfy;a fldaufhys msysá wfkl=;a

wxl=r j,sska weÿjk fudfrhshka uÛska

mrïmrdj †.gu mj;ajdf.k hd yelsh'

flfi,a fldaufha iEu m;% fldmqjlu

mdoia:fha msysá ishΩu mdr¨Yaúl wxl=r j,ska

me< fyj;a fudfrhshka yg fkd.kS'

idudkHfhka m%Odk wxl=rfha n,mEu ⁄id

wfkl=;a wxl=rj, jr¨Okh m%udo fõ' th

w.%ia: m%uqL;djh f,i ye¢kafõ' w.%ia:

m%uqL;djh keÿjQ úg fydarfudak j, n,mEula

uÛska Bg jydu my<ska msysá wxl=r Ÿysmhla

f.j;= j.djla f,i;a" iqΩ m˙udK

fukau uyd m˙udK j.djla f,i;a Y%S

,xldfõ nyq,ju j.dfjk m<;=re fnda.h

flfi,a fõ' wdodhï Wmhk fnda.hla ùu;a"

jir mqrd meÿreKq wdodhula ,nd.; yeŸ

ùu;a je⁄ idOl fya;=fjka fndfyda fokd

;j ≥rg;a flfi,a j.djg fhduqfjñka isà'

flfi,a j.d ŸrSfï ° m%Odk .egΩjla

ù we;af;a wjYH mu◊ka" ⁄frda.s" jeä wiajkq

fok" isgqùu i|yd iq≥iq me< fidhd .ekSfï

wmyiq;djhhs' fï ⁄id f.dùyq †jhsfka úúO

m%foaYj,ska ;ukaf.a j.djka i|yd frdamK

øjH ,nd .ks;s' flfi,a j.djg yd⁄lr

frda. ish,a,lau mdfya rg mqrd we;s flfi,a

j.djkg meÿ¯fï m%Odk fya;=jla f,i fuh

ye¢kaúh yel' fuje⁄ .egΩ uÛyerùug

tlu ms<shu kï" j.dlrejka úiskau ;ukaf.a

wjYH;djhg i˙,k f,i frdamK øjH

⁄Iamdokh lr .ekSug lghq;= lsrSuhs'

lDIslu_ fomdr¨;fïka;=j úiska flfi,a

me< úYd, m%udKj,ska ⁄moùfï l%u Ÿysmhla

w;ayod n,d idr¨:l m%ÿM, ,ndf.k ÿfí'

fuu l%u Ndú;fha° me< wjYH;d l,a weÿj

ie,iqï lr ta wkqj me< ⁄Iamdokh lr

.ekSu wjYH fõ' ta wkqj jvd;a fhda.H

l%uh ;SrKh Ÿ¯u;a" tlS l%uh ⁄jer†j

wkq.ukh Ÿ¯u;a u.ska frdamk øjH ms<sn|

.egΩ myiqfjka uÛ yrjd .; yeŸh' ta

i|yd Ndú;d l< yeŸ úúO l%u ms<sn|

uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,nd °u fuu w;a fmdf;ys

wruqKhs' me< ⁄Iamdokfha° flfi,a Ydlfha

jr¨Ok ú,dYh ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ÿîu

jeo.;a fõ'

4

muKla W;af;ackh fõ' fï wkaoug W;af;ackh

jQ wxl=r uÛska tajdg my<ska msysá wxl=r

u;=ùu m%udo flfr¨'

flfi,a me<hla isgqjd udi 04 la muK

.;jQ miqj fudfrhshka 1-2 l muK jr¨Okh

wdrïN fõ' fufia j˙ka jr fldaufha msysá

mdr¨Yaúl wxl=rj, jr¨Okh W;af;ackh ùu

ksid me< yg .kS' flfi,a .ila mSfok

úg fuu w.%ia: m%uqL;djh fndfyda≥rg bj;a

jk ⁄id tu ld,iSudfõ ° jeä me,

ixLHdjla jr¨Okh fõ' w.%ia: m%uqL;djh

bj;a lr fuu mdr¨Yaúl wxl=rj, jr¨Okh

W;af;ackh ŸrSu" flfi,a me< ⁄Iamdokfha°

Ndú;d lrk m%Odk;u uQ,Or¨uhhs'

flfi,a me< ⁄mojd .ekSfï l%u"m%Odk wdldr Ÿysmhlg fjka l< yeŸh'

iajNdúl l%uhg m∫rŸka .,jd

.kakd ,o me<

(Conventional method)

iajNdúlj weÿjk wxl=r

W;af;ackh ls˙u uÛska ⁄mojd

.kakd me<

(Modified conventional methods)

mgl frdamKfhka ,nd .kakd

me< (Tissue cultured planting

materials)

iajdNdúl l%uhg m∫rŸka ,nd .;

yeŸ me< m%udKh iSñ;h' mgl frdamKh

uÛska me< ksmojd .ekSu jvd;a idr¨:l

l%uhla kuq≥ fï i|yd jeh jk ⁄Iamdok

úhou wêl fõ' fufia fyhska" iajdNdúlj

weÿjk wxl=r$fudfrhshka W;af;ackh Ÿ¯fï

l%u uÛska me< ⁄mojd .ekSu j.dlrejka

yg jvd;a myiqh' tksid" ;uka yg wjYH

⁄frda.S me< ;ud úiskau ⁄mojd .ekSfï

yeŸhdj ,efnk w;r wu;rj ⁄Iamdokh

l< yeŸ me< wf,ú ls¯u o l< yeŸ fõ'

iajNdúlj yg .kakd fudfrhshka

Ndú;h

idudkHfhka flfi,a m∫rl ujq Ydlh

iuÛ me< 2-3 la muKla ;nd .ekSu ⁄r¨foaY

flfr¨' óg wu;rj frdamK øjH f,i Ndú;d

ls¯u i|yd m∫rl me< 2-3 la muK jr¨Okh

ùug ie,eiaúh yel' fuhg jvd jeä me<

m%udKhla isgqùug iq≥iq wjia:dj jkf;la

ujq m∫fr¨ ;nd .ekSfuka" ujq m∫fr¨ jr¨Okh

nd,fõ' fuhg fya;=j jkafka udi

3-3 1$2 la .; jk f;la flfi,a fudfrhshka

ujq m∫fr¨ wdydr j,ska fmdaIKh úuhs' fï

⁄id ujq .fiys lekaj, m%udKh l=vd fõ'

isgqùug iq≥iq hhs i,lkq ,nkafka

wvqu jYfhka fi'ó 70-80 ;rï jr¨Okh

jQ me<hŸ' fï i|yd udi 4-5 la muK

.;fõ' fï ⁄id fuu l%uh u.ska tla m∫rŸka

wjqreoaol° ,nd .;yeŸ jkafka wvq me<

ixLHdjls'

flfi,a m∫rl yg .kakd fudfrhshka

m%Odk jYfhka ;=ka j._hls'

5

lvqm;a fudfrhshka

fuu fudfrhshka f.a fldauh ^w,h&

fyd¢ka jr¨Okh ù weÿ w;r l| my, isg

by,g l%ufhka isyska fõ· tkï fla;= wdldr

yevhla .kS' fujeks me<j, wdrïNfha°

yg.kakd m;% isyska †.eá yevhla .kakd

neúka fuu me< lvqm;a fudfrhshka f,i

ye¢kafõ' fuje⁄ me< isgqùu i|yd fhdod

.; yeŸ kï jvd;a iq≥iqh' w,h m%udKfhka

úYd, ⁄id me,fha jr¨Ok fõ.h jeäh·

úYd, lekla yg .kS' flfi,a ujq .il

w,fha jvd .eUq˙ka msysgd weÿ wxl=rj,ska

fuu fudfrhshka yg .kS' flfia kuq;a

j.djl yg .kakd fuje⁄ me< m%udKh

iSñ; jk w;r" m%fNao wkqjo ,ndfok me<

ixLHdj fjkiafõ'

lkHd fudfrhshka

fuu fudfrhshkaf.a m;% m<,ah· lf|ys

yevh uo jYfhka fla;= wdldrh' flfi,a

w,h fldauh& uOHu m%udKfha úYd,;ajhla

iys;h' fuu me< j, jr¨Okh fõ.j;a w;r"

úYd, leka yg .kS' fï ⁄id fuje⁄ me<

o isgqùu i|yd iq¥iq fõ'

†hm;a fudfrhshka

iuyr m<,a m;% fudfrhshka flfi,a

ujq .fiys w,fha by,skau ^mi uÜgug

wdikakfha& msysá wxl=rj,ska yg .kS' fuje⁄

fudfrhshkaf.aa l|" b;d ≥r¨j, jk w;ru

is,skavrdldr yevhla .kS' fldauh b;d l=vd

ksid tys ;ekam;aù we;af;a b;d iqΩ wdydr

m%udKhls' m;% mr¨j w;r ≥r b;d wvq w;r

fndfydaúg m;% tlu ia:dkhŸka yg .kakd

iajrEmhla fmkakqï lrhs' m<,a m;% my,g

t,a,d jefÜ' †hm;a fudfrhshka f,i y∫kajk

6

iajNdúlj weÿ jk wxl=r

W;af;ackh uÛska me< ⁄moùu

fï wkaoug me< ksmojd .ekSu i|yd

wkq.ukh l< yels úúO l%u u.ska m%Odk

jYfhka ,nd.; yelsjkafka m<,a m;% iys;'

fudfrhshkah' lvqm;a fudfrhshka we;sjkafka

fkdie,lsh hq;= ;rï iqΩ ixLHdjls'

m<,a m;% fudfrhshka w;=˙ka fldgila

fõ.j;a jr¨Okhla iys; lkHd fudfrhshka

fõ' tfiau ≥j_, jr¨Okhla iy l=vd m;%

yd w,hla iys; †hm;a fudfrhshka o fuu

l%u u.ska yg.kS' tksid isgqùu i|yd me<

f;dard .ekSfï° fï wdldrfha ≥j_, jr¨Okhla

we;s †hm;a fudfrhshka Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h'

^w& flfi,a w, len,s l%uh

Split corm technique

wvq bv m%udKhlska flá ld,hl °"

úYd, me< ixLHdjla ,nd .ekSu i|yd fuu

l%uh Wmfhda.S lr .; yeŸh' fuys° me<

ksIamdokh ls¯u i|yd ;jdkla ilia lr

.ekSu wjYH fõ'

;jdk i|yd ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSu

fyd¢ka ysre t<sh jefgk c, myiqlï

iys; ia:dkhla fï i|yd wjYHfõ' ldn⁄l

øjH iys; fyd¢ka c,h nei hk ieye,aÆ

mila ÿîu me< j, ⁄frda.S †˙u;a jr¨Okh

i|yd jeo.;a fõ'

lafIa;%h ieliSu

m<uqj fyd†ka ìu fmr,d lafIa;%h

iu;,d lr .kak' fi'ó' 30 muK m<,

yd fi'ó' 25-30 muK .eUqr ldkq ms<sfh<

fuje⁄ me, j, jr¨Ok fõ.h b;d ≥r¨j,

neúka tje⁄ me< isgqùu i|yd ⁄r¨foaY

fkdflfr¨'

mgl frdamKh u.ska ksIamdokh lrkq

,nk flfi,a me< isgqùug kqiq≥iq †h

fudfrhshka hhs jrojd jgyd .kakd wjia:d

ms<sn| jdr¨;d ù ;sfí' idudkHfhka mgl

frdamKh u.ska ksmojkq ,nk flfi,a me<"

m%udKfhka l=vdh' m<,a m;% iys;h' tu

me< j, b;d fyd¢ka jr¨Okh jQ uQ,

moaO;shla ;sfí' fujeks me< idudkHfhka

j.dlrejka yg ,nd fokafka n∫ka l< me<

jYfhks'

†h fudfrhshka fuka fkdj mgl

frdamKfhka ksmojd.kakd me, fCIa;%fha

isgqjd fyd¢ka kv;a;= l<úg fõ.fhka

jr¨Okh fõ' tfiau tjeks .ia j, úYd,

leka yg.kS'

tksid isgqùu i|yd flfi,a me, f;dard

.ekSfï° lvqm;a fudrhshka fukau lkHd

fudfrhshka iy mgl frdamKh u.ska ksmojd

we;s flfi,a me, o Ndú;d ls¯u iq≥iq nj

meye†,sj wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' †h fudfrhshka

muKla isgqùu i|yd fhdod fkd.; hq;=h'

7

lr .kak' ldkq 2 la w;r mr;rh fi'ó'

60 muK ùu wjYH fõ' ldkqj, †. lafIa;%fha

msysàu wkqj ;SrKh lr.; hq;=fõ'

ilid.;a ldKq j, m;=,g m<uqfjka

fi'ó' 5 ^2§& muK ;Ügqjla f,i †rdm;a

jQ ms≥re" úh<s ;K fld<" mrK jQ fldyqn;a

fyda ,S l=vq jeks øjHhla oukak' bkamiq

u;=msg mia iy †rdm;a jq f.du fmdfydr

fhdod ldKqj mqrjkak'

w, len,s ,nd .ekSu

udi 6-7 la muK jQ ksfrda.S

.il fldauh .,jd .kak' flfia kuq;a

leka lmd .;a miq tje⁄ .ia j, fldauh

Ndú;d lr jqjo fuu wdldrhg ⁄frda.s

†˙u;a me< ,nd.; yeŸ nj;a" tu me,

j, jr¨Okh iy mS°ug wdikak .il

w,hŸka ,nd .kakd me, j, jr¨Okh w;r

fjkila fkdueÿ nj;a mr¨fhaIK uÛska

fmkakqï lr we;'

fldauhg w,h& by,ska" wÛ,a 2 muK

jHdc l| bÿ˙ jkfia ujq Ydlh lmd bj;a

lrkak' ,nd .;a w, j," uq,a yd flfi,a

w, .=,a,df.a yd⁄ iys; fldgia ÿfí kï

lmd bj;a lr ms˙is≥ lr .kak'

iEu lene,a,lu ls%hdld¯ tla wxl=rhla

ne.ska isák fia w,h len,s lr .kak'

w,fha úIalïNh yd úYd,;ajh wkqj lemsh

yels len,s .Kk ;SrKh fõ' flfia jqjo

tla w, lene,a,l nr" wvqu jYfhka .%Eï

750 - ls'.%E' 1 la muK ùu iq≥iqh' w,

lene,af,a m%udKh wvqjk úg ,efnk me<

j, Yla;su;a Ndjh o wvq fõ'

isgqùug fmr m%;sldr

wuq f.du Wl= †hrhla f,i idod thg

wÆ iaj,amhla o ñY% lrkak' tu ødjkfha

,S' 4'5 .eÆulg& muK m%udKhlg" lemagdka

jeks †,Sr kdYlhlska .%Eï 10la yd

ldfnd*shqrdka .%Eï 10 la muK

m%udKhla ñY% lrkak'

lmd .;a w, len,s úkdä 10 la

muK ld,hla tu ñY%Kfha .s,ajd ;nkak'

25-30

60 fi'ó'

30 fi'ó'

8

bka miq †k 5-7 muK mjfka úh<Sug ;nd

;jdka lrkak'

ilid .;a ldkqj," fi'ñ' 45 mr;rhlg

wxl=rh by<g isák fia" w, len,s ;sria

w;g isgqjkak'

f;;ukh wdrCIdùu i|yd ms≥re fyda

úh<s ;Kfld< j,ska fyda jiqkla

fhdokak' w, len,s me,ùu i|yd mfia

f;;ukh mej;Su w;HdjYH neúka wjYH

m˙† c, iïmdokh lrk ak '

i;s 4-5 la .;jk úg wxl=r jeãug mgka

.kS'

udi 1 1$2 - 2 ° m<,a m;% jr¨Okh

wdrïN jk w;r me, j, m;% 2-3 la yg

.;a miq hQ˙hd .%Eï 20 la c,h ,Sgr¨ 1

l †h lr ^2]& †hr fmdfydrla f,i m;%

j,g biSu u.ska me< j, jr¨Okh fõ.j;a

fõ' flfi,a m;%j, báuh iajNdjh ksid

fuu hQ˙hd †hrhg iSks iaj,amhla fyda

ir¨melagkaÜ jeks øjHhla tlalr biSu

wjYH fõ'

fuf,i" i;s 2 jrla ne.ska ;=ka

j;djla muK hQ˙hd ñY% †hrh me, j,g

fhdokak' fuh l< hq;af; me, j, jO_kh

≥r¨j, hhs fmkS hk úg°h'

udi 3 1$2 - 4 lska muK fCIa;%fha

isgqùu i|yd iq≥iq me, ,nd .; yels fõ'

udi 2 1$2 ° muK ;jdfka we;s ≥r¨j,

me, bj;a ls˙u u.ska wfkl=;a me,j,

jr¨Okh fõ.j;a l< yelsh'

fuu l%ufha ° lvqm;a fudfrhshka yg

fkd.kakd w;r" jeämqr lkHd fudfrhshka

yd †h fudfrhshka yg .kS' jeäu ≥r¨j,

†h fudfrhshka isgqùu i|yd fhdod fkd.;

hq;=h'

^wd&' wxl=r len,s u.ska me, ksIamdokh

(Split bud technique)

udi 7-8 la jeks ld,hla ;=< ° tla

w,hlska me, 80-140 muK ,nd .;

yelsùu;a" fCIa;%fha isgqjk wjia:dj jk úg

fyd¢ka jevqKq uQ, moaO;shla iys; me,

ksmojd .; yelsùu;a fuu l%ufha úfYaIs;

,CIK f,i ye¢kaúh yel' fï ksid tla

ksfrda.S w,hlska me< úYd, ixLHdjla

ksmojd .ekSfï yelshdj ,efí'

fï i|yd ksfrda.S m∫rlska udi8-9 la jhie;s ^mS°ug fmr&.il w,h ^fldauh& .,jd .kak'

bka miq fldauh jHdc lf|kafjka lr" ;shqKq msyshla Ndú;dlr uq,a yd ydks jQ fldgialmd w,h ms˙is≥ lr .kak'

9

fuys° fldaufhys msg;ska msysáfïrE wxl=r j,g ydks fkdjkm˙† fuu ldr¨hh l< hq;=h'

iEu w,hlau .%Eï 750 - ls'.%Eï1 la muK n/;s len,s j,gfjka lr .kak' fuu iEu w,lene,a,lau wxl=rhla iys;ùuw;HdjYH fõ'

isgqùug fmr m%;sldr

wuq f.du Wl= †hrhla f,i idod thg

wΩ iaj,amhla o tla lr tu ñY%Kfhka

,Sgr¨ 4'5 g" ^.eÆulg& ldfnd*shqrdka

.%Eï 10 la iy lemagdka .%Eï 10 la

muK tla lr lmd .;a w, len,s t u

†hrfha úkdä 10 la muK .s,ajd ;nkak'

;jdka lsrSu

fï i|yd md;a;s ms<sfh, lr .; hq;=h'

m<, fi'ó' 90 la yd wjYH muK †.la

iys; jk fia md;a;s ilid .kak' ;jdka

udOHh f,i ,S l=vq" .xÛd je,s iy fldïfmdaaiaÜ

3(1(1 1$2 jk f,i fyda je,s "u;=msg mia"

fldïfmdaiaÜ 2(1(1 ñY%Kh fyda Ndú;d

lrkak' ;jdfka tlsfklg wdikakj fuu

w, len,s isgqjkak'

wxl=r jrOkh wdrïNùug mgka .kakd

wjia:dfõ° (Bud breaking stage) tkï †k

14- 21 ° muK" w, len,s .,jd .kak'

tla lene,a,l" wxl=rh y˙ ue†ka fnfok

fia tla lene,a,la len,s 4 lg fjka lr

.kak'

tla lene,a,la .%Eï 75-100 la

muK ùu wjYH fõ' w,fha m%udKh l=vd

jk úg ,efnk me< m%udKh o wvq fõ'

bkamiqj" m<uq ;jdka ñY%Khu Ndú;d

lr" fma,s 2 la w;r mr;rh fió' 20-25

la yd w, len,s 2 la w;r fió' 15la

mr;rhla isák fia by; i|yka wkaoug

lmd.;a w, len,s ;jdka lrkak'

i;s 2-3 la .; jk úg wxl=r u;=

ùu is≥jk w;r" tla wxl=r lene,a,la

u.ska me< 1-7 olajd ixLHdjla ,nd

.; yels fõ' tla tla wjia:dfõ jr¨Okh

jQ me< we;s neúka me, j, m%udKh úúO

fõ'

10

fi'ó' 15-20 muK Wia jQ" tkï udi

1 - 1 1$2 jhie;s me< f;dard" fmd,s;Ska

n∫ka j, isgqjkak' tu me,j, fldauh b;d

l=vd neúka yd uq,a iaj,amhla we;s neúka

tljru fCI;%fha isgqùu wmyiqh'

n∫ka lsrSu i|yd fió' 25 m<,"

fi'ó'35 la Wie;s f.a– 300 úksúo fmfkk

fmd,s;Ska n∫ka ilid .kak' n∫ka ñY%Kh

i|yd ;jdkg Ndú;d l< ñY%Khu fyda

u;=msg mia" fldïfmdaiaÜ" je,s 1(1(1 ñY%Kh

Ndú;d lrkak'

n∫ka l< me< i;s 2-3 la fijfka

;nd bka miqj oe,a .Dy ;=<g udre lrkak'

fmd,s;Ska n∫ka j, isgjQ me<hla oe,a

.Dy ;=< wv fijk ;;ajhgf;a ;eîfuka

fi'ñ'30 l jg m%udKhla iys; fCI;%fha

isgqùug iq≥iq me<hla udi 4-5 l° ,nd

.; yels fõ'

fmd,s;ska n∫fka ;sfnk fmdaIl m%udKj;a

fkdjk neúka uilg jrla flfi,a fmdfydr

ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 5-10 la n∫klg fhdokak'

11

tu wjia:dj jk úg me,hla wä

3 1$2-4 muK Wi fõ' bka miq fCIa;% ;;aj

j,g yqre lsrSu i|yd l%ufhka me, ysret<shg

ksrdjrKh lrkak' fuf,i udihla muK

;eîfuka miqj isgqùu i|yd fhdod.;

yelsh'

fi'ó'75

fi'ó'45

fi'ó'45

me< isgqùu

fujeks me<j, l=vd w,hla yd uQ,

uKav,hla we;s neúka" isgqjk j,la

†.‹m<,‹.eUqr fi'ó' 60‹60‹75 jk fia

ilid .kak' u;=msg mia yd fldïfmdaiaÜ

ñY%Kfhka jf,ys .eUq˙ka fi'ó' 45 la muK

uÜgula olajd mqrjkak' thg flfi,a

fmdfydr ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 250 la tla lr

fyd¢ka ñY% lrkak' isgqjk wjia:dfõ° fuu

me< j, uQ, uKav,hla mj;sk ksid fï

wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fh°u fhda.H

fõ' fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg fi'ó' 30 la muK

.eUq˙ka w,h fldgi hg jkfia me<h

isgqjkak'

me<h" jr¨Okh jk úg" l%ufhka w,h

jefikfia mia mqrjkak' fuf,i isgqùu u.ska

me<h by<g ;,aÆùu je<fla' me< isgqjd

udi 2 lska flfi,a fmdfydr ñY%Kfhka

.%Eï 250 la kej; me<hlg fhdokak' bka

miq fmdfydr fh°u idudkH flfi,a j.djla

i|yd fuka fõ' me< isgqjk ld,iSudfõ°

mfia f;;ukh uekúka mej;Su" me, j,

jO_kh idr¨:lj is≥ùu i|yd jeo.;a

wjYH;djhls' by; i|yka wdldrhg isgjQ

me< miqj idukH fudfrdhshka fukau

fyd¢ka jr¨Okh jk w;r udi 9-10 l

° mSfoa' me< j, jO_kfha fjkila olakg

fkd,efnk w;r leka taldldrS fõ'

12

fylaghdr¨ 0'4 ^wlalr 1 la& me< ksIamdokh i|yd wdodhïúhoï weia;fïka;=j

w, len,s l%uh wxl=r len,s

1' j.dj i|yd fhdod .;yels ìï m%udKh j'ó' 3800 3800^5] la mdrj,a$ldkqwd†hg bj;a fõ&

2' tla me<hla i|yd j'ó' 0'27 ^j'wä 3& jó'0'18 ^j'wä 2&fCIa;% wjYH;djh

3' wla'1 i|yd wjYHlen,s ixLHdj 14000 21"000

4' lkHd fudfrhshka yd c,fudfrhshka 40] ,efí hehs 8400 -Wml,amkh l< úg ,nd.; yels me< ixLHdjthska 10] bj;a lsrSug is≥jqjfyd;a ^jr¨Okh ≥r¨j,ùu& 7500 -

5' wlalr 1 g ,nd.; yelsme< ixLHdj - 23000^me<ùu 90]&

6' wjYH lrk w, ixLHdj 2800 210^w,hlska len,s 5 la& ^tla me<hlska me< 100&

7' ksIamdok úhou(i. w, len,s i|yd 2800‹12$- re 33600'00 210‹12$- re' 2520'00ii. lDñkdYl 10 ls'.%E'‹100$- re 1000'00 5‹100$- re '500'00iii. †,Sr kdYl 10 ls'.%E'‹100$- re 1000'00 5‹100$- re' 500'00iv. fldyq n;a lshqí 2‹1000$- re 2000'00v. fldïfmdaiaÜ - lshqí 2‹800$- re' 1600'00

vii. ms≥re lshqí 3‹500$- re' 150'00viii. je,s - lshqí4‹1200$- re' 4800'00ix. u;=msg mia - lshqí 4‹400$- re' 800'00x. w, len,s m%jdykh re' 2000'00 re' 1000'00

xiv. c, iïmdokh ^bkaOk& re' 2000'00 re' 2000'00xv. fmd,s;Ska - re'22420'00xvi. fmdfydr ^hQ˙hd& ls'.%E'30‹11$- re' 330'00xvii. Y%u wjYH;d ñksia †k 105‹150$- ñksia †k 507‹150$-

^ìï ieliSfï isg re' 15750'00 re'76050'00me< .e,ùu olajd&

uqÆ úhou re' 58850'00 re 112404'00uqÆ wdodhu re' 120000'00 re' 248280'00Y=oaO ,dNh re' 61150'00 re' 135876'00

^udi 4-4 1$2 l°& ^udi 7-7 1$2 l°&

me<hlg ksIamdok úhou re' 7'80 re' 4'80

me<hlska ,efnk Y=oaO ,dNh re' 4'20 re' 6'75

13

^we'& m∫re md,kfha° bj;ajk fudfrhshka

Ndú;h (Rejected peeper technique)

m∫re md,kfha ° bj;a lrk me< j,skam%fhdackhla ,nd .ekSug;a thska wu;r me<ixLHdjla ksIamdokhg;a fuu l%uh Wmfhda.Slr .; yels fõ'

fi'ó' 30la wähla& muK Wi ksfrda.S

fudfrhshka" w,ho iuÛ ujq Ydlfhka fjka

lr .kak' fi'ó' 30 la muK Wia jk úg

yd me<fha lvq m;% jr¨Okh wdrïNjk

wjia:dfõ we;s me< Ndú;d lsrSfuka jvd

idr¨:l m%;sM, ,nd .; yels fõ' fuu

wjia:dj jk úg fldaufha wdydr ixÑ;hla

we;s neúka ujq Ydlfhka fjka l,o me<

j,g ;ksjjr¨Okh ùfï yelshdj ;sfí'

fujeks me<" fCIa;%fha ilid .;a

;jdkl ;jdka lrkak' fi'ó'15-20 ^wÛ,a

6-8 & la Wig ilia l< je,s ;jdkl

fyda je,s" fldïfmdaiaÜ yd u;=msg mia 2(1(1

wkqmd;hg ieliQ ;jdka udOHfha" fma,s 2

la w;r mr;rh fi'ó' 60 la yd me< 2

la w;r mr;rh fi'ó' 45 la jk fia me<

isgqjkak'

;jdka md;a;s fjkqjg by; ñY%Khu

Ndú;d lr ilid .;a n∫ka j,o fuu

me< isgqúh yelsh' fï i|yd f.a– 300

úksúo fmfkk fmd,s;Ska j,ska fi'ó' 25

^wÛ,a 10& m<," fi'ó' 35 ^wÛ,a 14 la&

Wi n∫ka ilid .kak'

me<j, jr¨Okh fõ.j;a lsrSu i|yd

2] hQ˙hd ødjkhla i;s 2 g jrla m;%

j,g biskak' miq ld,fha ° me< j, lf|ys

Yla;su;a Ndjh jeä ls¯u i|yd ñhq˙fhaÜ

T*a fmdgEIa iaj,amhla o ^.%Eï 5 la muK&

tla lrkak'

udi 3 1$2-4 °" isgqùug iq≥iq me<

,nd.; yels fõ'

fudfrhshka ,nd .ekSfï ° ujq Ydlhg

wys;lr n,mEula we;s fkdjk m˙†" tla

jru ishΩu me< fkd.,jd" ld, mr;rhla

iys;j me< .,jd .kak'

^wE& fudfrhshka len,s u.ska

me< ksIamdokh

(Split peeper technique)

fuys ° o by; l%ufha° fuka m∫re

md,kfha ° bj;a lrk fudfrhshka Ndú;d

l< yelsh' fuys° tla fudfrhsfhl= f.ka

jeä me< ixLHdjla ^me< 12-15 la‡ ,nd

.; yels ùu;a" fi'ó' 30 g jvd l=vd

fudfrhshka jqjo Ndú;d lsrSug yelsùu;a

úfYaI jdishls' fuys° udi 7-7 1$2 la jeks

ld,hla" me, ksIamdokh i|yd .; fõ'

fï i|yd ksfrda.S fudfrhshka w,h

o iuÛ .,jd .kak'

14

fuu fudfrhshkaf.a w,h fldgi wuq

f.du" †,Sr yd lDñ kdYl ñY%Kfha úkdä

10 la muK .s,ajd mjfka ;nkak'

fuu ñY%Kh idod .kakd wkaou

flfi,a w, len,s l%uh hgf;a úia;r lr

we;'

w,hg by,ska wÛ,a 4 la muK b;s˙

jk fia l| lmd bj;a lrkak'

w,fha ue†ka we;s m%Odk wxl=rh ue†

jkfia m<uqj w,h folg lmkak' w,h

;rula úYd, kï lmd.;a len,s kej;

uOH wxl=rh yryd fldgia 2 g fjka

lr .kak' fï u.ska tla fudfrhsfhl=f.ka

len,s 4 la ,nd .; yels fõ'

fuf,i ,nd .;a w, len,s fijk

iy s; i a:dkhl ieli Q ;jdkl

^2-wd hgf;a úia;r lr we;& ;jdka lrkak'

15

len,s w;r mr;rh fi'ó' 15 la muK

yd fma,s w;r fi'ó' 23 la muK jk fia

w, len,s isgqúh hq;=fõ'

fï wkaoug tla lene,a,lska me<

2-3 la ,nd .; yels h'

me<hla fi'ñ' 15 la muK jk úg

;jdfkk a .,jk ak ' bk ami q m e<

tlsfkl m%fõYfuka fjk a lrf.k

fmd,s;Ska n∫kaj, isgqjkak'

wfkl=;a kv;a;= ls%hd wxl=r len,s

l%uh hgf;a i|yka lr we;s m˙† bgq lrkak'

^b&' mqIam wxl=rh ^uQ,dlD;sh& úkdY

lsrSu u.ska me< jr®Okh W;af;ackh

(Gouging technique)

fuu l%ufhka fCIa;%fha mj;sk j.dfõ

me<hlska me< 16-18 la muK ,nd .;

yelsh' fuys° tlajr ishΩu me< ,nd .;

fkdyels w;r wxl=r jr¨Okh wkqj úúO

wjia:dj, ° l%u l%ufhka me< ,nd .ekSfï

yelshdj ,efí'

fuys° ujq Ydlfha w.%ia: m%uqL;djh

bj;a lsrSu" tkï mqIam wxl=r wdrïNl

wjêfha°u úkdY lsrSu u.ska mdr¨Yaúl wxl=r

j, jr¨Okh fõ.j;a lsrSu is≥ lrkq ,efí'

fï i|yd ksfrda.S udi 7-9 la jhie;s

flfi,a Ydlhla f;dardf.k tys mqIam wxl=rh

úkdY lrkak' j.djla fyd¢ka kv;a;= lrk

úg tu Ydlfha mqIam wxl=r jr¨Okh ùu

udi 7-9 la ;=< ° is≥ fõ' idudkHfhka

weUq,a m%fNaofha 28 jk m;%h msg;g újD;

jk úg mqIam wxl=rfha jr¨Okh wdrïN fõ'

fï ksid me< jr¨Okfha wdrïNfha isg jefvk

m;% .Kka lsrSu u.ska o fuu wjia:dj

ksr¨kh lr .; yelsfõ' m;% .Kka lsrSu

wdrïN l< hq;af;a Ydlfha m<,a m;% yg

.kakd wjia:dfõ isgh'

mqIam wxl=rh (Floral bud) yg.kafka

fldauh yd flfi,a jHdc l| ^m;% fldmq&

iïnkaO jk ia:dkfha jHdc lf|ys ueoh'

rEmfha oelafjk WmlrKh wdOdrfhka

l| is≥re lr" ir¨ms,h lrleúu u.ska mqIam

uQ,dlD;sh úkdY lr oukak' fuu wjia:dj

jk úg Ydlfha jr¨Okh jQ m;% ixLHdjla

we;s w;r thg wu;rj jHdc l| ;=< jr¨Okh

ù újD; ùug kshñ; m;% 10-12 la mj;S'

fï ksid m%Ndixiaf,aIK yd wdydr ksmoùfï

ls%hdj,sh wvd, fkdjk neúka ils%h jk

fudfrhshkaf.a jr¨Okh fõ.j;a fõ' isgqùug

iq≥iq wjia:djg m;ajk me< bj;a lsrSu u.ska

wfkl=;a me<j, jr¨Okh o blauka lr .;

yel'

16

fujeks me< ,nd .ekSfï ls%hdj,sfha°

ujq Ydl idudkH j.djl° fuka fkdj"

wvq mr;rhlska tkï ógr¨ 2‹2 ^wä 6‹6&

mr;rhg fCIa;%fha isgqjkak' udi 7-8 l°

mqIam wxl=rh úkdY lr mdr¨Yaúl me< ,nd

.kakd w;r ujq Ydlfha jr¨Okh ≥r¨j, jk

úg tla me<hla kj ujq Ydlh f,i jr¨Okh

ùug i,iajkq ,efí'

tho mqIam uQ,dlD;s wjêhg m;a jQ

miq kej; by; l%uhu wkq.ukh lrkak'

fuf,i wjq 2-3 la fuh mj;ajd f.k hd

yel' fmdfydr yd c, iïmdokh l%udkql+,j

,ndfoa kï me< jr¨Okh iS.%fhka is≥ fõ'

^B& flfi,a .fia w.%ia: wxl=rh úkdY

lsrSfuka me< ksmoùu

jvd myiqfjka" jeä me< .Kkla" flá

ld,hlska ,nd .; yels l%uhla f,i fuh

ye¢kaúh yel' fuu.ska udi 2-2 1$2 l°

muK me, ,nd .; yels fõ' taldldrS

jr¨Okhla iys; me< ,nd .; yels fuu

l%ufha idr¨:lNdjh 100] la fõ' jdksc

j.djl fldgila †.ska †.gu fï wdldrhg

me< ksIamdokh i|yd fhdod .; yelsh'

fï i|yd jhi udi 7-8 la jk" fyd¢ka

m;% úys≥kq ksfrda.S flfi,a .ila f;dard

.kak' fuu .i ;ks .ila jYfhka fyda

mer◊ m∫rlg iïnkaO ù we;s fudfrhshl=

jYfhka fyda ;sfnkjd úh yel' fuu .fiys

l| fmd<j uÜgug fi'ó 5 ^2§& la muK

by,ska lmd fjka lrkak'

fl<jr W,a jQ ,S bkaklska fyda W,

iys; msyshlska fyda lf|ys ueo f.dnh ;,d

tys jr¨Okh kj;d oukak

17

'bkamiqj" tu l| fldgi iïmQr¨Kfhka

jefik fia jfÜg mia tl;= lr jid oukak'

úh<s ld<.=◊l ;;ajhla hgf;a° kï mia

f.dv lsrSfuka miqj ldkqjg c,h imhkak'

jeis iys; ld,.=◊l ;;ajhla hgf;a ° c,

iïmdokhla wjYH ke;'

fuu lemq l| jgd mia f.dv lsrSu

ksid we;sjk ldkqjg flfi,a j.dj i|yd

ksr¨foaYs; my; i|yka fmdfydr ñY%Khla

fhdokak'

úh<s yd w;r ueo l,dm i|yd ^tlame<hlg&

hq˙hd .%Eï 120iqmr¨ fmdiafmaÜ .%Eï 80

ñhq˙fhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa .%Eï 250

f;;a l,dmh i|yd ^tla me<hlg&

hq˙hd .%Eï 110

iqmr¨ fmdiafmaÜ .%Eï 150

ñhq˙fhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa .%Eï 190

úh<s ;;ajhla hgf;a° †k 05 lg

jrla muK c,h imhkak' fuys° jfÜg

we;s ldkqjg c,h iemhSu jeo.;a fõ' mia

f.dv u;=msgg j;=r j;a lsrSula fkdl<

hq;=h'

fuu l%ufha ° i;s 2 - 3 jk úg

fmd<j uÜgug my<ska msysá flfi,a me<fha

w,h fldgiska fudrhshka u;=ùug mgka .kS'

i;s 06 muK jk úg fudfrhshka jeäu

ixLHdjla oelsh yelsh'

18

fuu me<j, jhi udi 2 1$2-3 jk

úg .,jd isgqùug fhdod .; yel' †.ska

†.gu me< ksIamdokh lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fõ kï tla me<hla tu ia:dkfhau b;s˙lr

wfkla me< .,jd bj;a lr .kak' tu me<ho

ksis jr¨Ok wjia:djg meñ◊ úg l,ska

wdldrhgu kej;;a tyso l| lmd me<

ksIamdokh lr.; yelsh'

fï wkaoug wvqu jYfhka me< 07 muK

o Wm˙u jYfhka me< 15 muK o ,nd

.; yelsh' m%fNao wkqj fuh wvq jeä fõ'

flfi,a j.dj jd◊c uÜgñka wdrïN

lrk wfhl= ;u j.dfjys fl<jrl ksfrda.S

me< fma<s lsysmhla leka ,nd .ekSu i|yd

fkdj me< ksmoùu i|ydu ksr;=reju fjka

lsrSu jeo.;a fõ' jeä bv m%udKhla ysñ

mqoa.,fhl= kï ta i|yd flfi,a j.dfjka

fjkaj msysá N+ñhla f;dard .ekSu jvd;a

iq≥iq fõ' fuu fldgfiys by; i|yka l=uk

fyda l%uhla u.ska me< ksmoùu l< yelsh'

oekg j.djkays frda.S ;;ajhla ≥gq jydu"

tu me, bj;a lr tu ia:dkfhysu ksfrda.S

me<hla isgqùu fï ksid l< yels jk w;r"

†.ska †.gu ksfrda.S me< wf,ú lsrSu u.ska

o wdodhula Wmhd .; yelsh'

wÆ flfi,a" iSks flfi,a j,ska

fujeks me< jeä .Kkla o weUq,a

flfi,a j,ska wvq me< .Kkla o"

,nd .; yelsh' hï l%uhlska fuu

me< udi 03 lg jvd ;nd .kafka

kï me< w;r ;r.h jeä jk ksid"

kej; jrla by; m%udK j,skau

fmdfydr oeóu l< hq;=h'

kSfrda.S flfi,a me< ⁄Iamdokh

rpkh

chka;d b,xfl`ka

úIh lñgqj

tï' vhsksIshia

wdpdr¨h iqcd;d ùrisxy

chka;d b,xfl`ka

ví'tï'fla'tï' úfca;=x.

m˙.Kl msgq ieliqu

ta' ksu,a Ydka;

ud,d fmfr¨rd

uqøKhlDIslu_ fomdr¨;fïka;=fõ uqøKd,h.kafkdrej" fmardfo◊h'

m%ldYlwOHCI ^jHdma;s yd mqyqKq&lDIslu_ fomdr¨;fïka;=j"fmardfo◊h'≥rl:k 08-388388" 388098" 388124

lDIslu_ fomdr¨;fïka;=j - fmardfo◊hlDIslu_ yd bvï wud;HdxYh