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AGATABO KA
MBERE
GAHUNDA YO KUMENYEKANISHA IBYEREKEYE IMARI
IBIBAZO BIKUNDA KUBAZWA KENSHI
Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda
ii
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Ishakiro
Ijambo ry’ibanze ............................................................................................................................................... 2
A. BANKI NKURU NA ZA BANKI ................................................................................................................... 3
B. IBIGO BY’IMARI ICIRIRITSE ........................................................................................................................ 5
C. IKIGO GIKUSANYA AMAKURU KU NGUZANYO ........................................................................................... 6
D. ISOKO RY’IMARI N’IMIGABANE .................................................................................................................. 8
E. POLITIKI Y’IFARANGA .............................................................................................................................. 14
F. IBIGO BY’UBWISHINGIZI ........................................................................................................................... 15
G. INYUNGU Z’UBWITEGANYIRIZE BW’ABAKOZI .......................................................................................... 17
H. BDF (Ikigega cy’iterambere cya BRD) .......................................................................................................... 20
I. UBURYO BW’IMYISHYURANIRE ................................................................................................................. 21
J. KUGERA KU MARI ..................................................................................................................................... 29
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Ijambo ry’ibanze
Imwe mu ntego z’ingenzi z’icyerekezo 2020 ni uguhindura u Rwanda ihuriro ry’ibikorwa
byerekeye imari mu karere. Mu myaka ishize, u Rwanda rwagaragaje izamuka ryihuse
rya za serivisi z’amasoko y’imari zitanga umusaruro ufatika ku baguzi.
Ibigo byinshi by’imari birimo kuza mu Rwanda bifite ibicuruzwa bihambaye na serivisi
z’imari harimo no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho bishya. Ariko, hari
ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko bamwe mu baturage batarabona inyungu zose za serivisi zerekeye imari.
Byongeye kandi imibereho y’umuguzi w’ababona inyungu z’izo serivisi abangamiwe no kutagira ubumenyi bujyanye
n’uko serivisi zerekeye imari zikora, kudasobanukirwa n’amakuru yerekeye imari, kutamenyekanisha abatanga
serivisi zerekeye imari n’imigirire y’abakorera ku masoko rimwe na rimwe itari myiza.
Kutamenya uko ibijyanye na serivisi zerekeye imari bikora bibuza izo serivisi kugera ku gice kinini cy’abaturage kandi
bityo bigatuma ibikorwa by’ubukungu bifite uruhare mu kugabanya ubukene bigenda buhoro . Ikibazo kiba kibi cyane
iyo abaturage bumva bakorana n’abatanga serivisi z’urwego rw’imari batumva uburenganzira n’inshingano byabo ku
isoko ry’imari.
Kwigisha ibyerekeye imari biragenda biba ngombwa bitari ku bashoramari gusa, ahubwo no ku baguzi ubwabo. Biha
abaturage ubushobozi, ubumenyi n’icyizere mu gucunga neza ibikorwa by’imari byabo. Ni ibyerekeye guteza imbere
uburyo bwo kwigisha no gukumira mu gufasha abaturage gukora amahitamo akwiye yerekeye imari. Kwigisha
ibyerekeye imari ni uruhare rukomeye mu buryo bugenda bugaragara rwa gahunda yerekeye kugeza serivisi
z’imari ku batabasha kuzigeraho, rwageze ku ntera ishimishije mu myaka ishize cyane cyane nko ku burenganzira
byerekeye imibereho myiza n’ubwerekeye ubukungu. Bishingiye kuri ibyo byose Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yateguye
urutonde rw’ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi kuri za serivisi/ibicuruzwa by’imari binyuranye nk’uburyo bwo kongera
itangwa rya serivisi z’imari kubatabasha kuzibona bigize igice cya ngombwa cy’imibereho myiza kuri bose no
kurwanya ubukene.
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GAHUNDA YO KUMENYAKANISHA IBYEREKEYE IMARI IBIBAZO BIKUNDA KUBAZWA KENSHI
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi
A. BANKI NKURU NA ZA BANKI A.1. Ibisobanuro
1. Banki Nkuru
1.1. Banki Nkuru ni iki? Ni Banki ya Leta ibika amafaranga y’ingoboka, ikora nk’itanga umwenda bwa nyuma ku yandi ma banki, ishyiraho ifaranga kandi igenzura andi mabanki ari mu nshingano zayo. Mu Rwanda, ni Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR).
1.2. Ni akahe kamaro nyamukuru ka Banki Nkuru mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda?
Inshingano nyamukuru ya BNR n’ ukurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibiciro n’ubukungu muri rusange.
1.3. Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga amafaranga nyakuri Biterwa n’ubwoko bw’ifaranga. Iby’ingenzi ni inoti n’ibiceri. Kuri buri mafaranga mashya asohowe, ibimenyetso biyaranga bitangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta kandi ibishushanyoby’inoti bigakwirakwiza mu bagize urwego rw’imari. Ibimenyetso byerekana amafaranga nyakuri kandi ushobora kubibona ku rubuga rwa interineti rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
1.4. Ni iyihe nzira wacamo igihe uketse ko mafaranga ari amiganano?
Kugereranya amafaranga ukeka kuba amiganano n’amafaranga y’ukuri.
1.5. Ni iyihe nzira ikurikizwa iyo umukiriya afatannywe amafaranga y’amiganano muri banki?
Gufatira ayo mafaranga y’amiganano no gukoresha uyafatanywe inyandikomvugo yerekana umwirondoro we wuzuye. Kubikorera raporo ukayishyikiriza BNR hamwe n’ayo mafaranga y’amiganano ugatanga kopi yiyo raporo kuri Polisi.(Ishami rishinzwe Ibyaha by’Imari).
2. Banki
2.1. Banki ni iki? Ikigo gikora umurimo wo kwakira amafaranga ya rubanda kandi kigatanga inguzanyo.
2.2. Ni ubuhe bwoko nyamukuru bwa za banki mu Rwanda? Banki z’ubucuruzi, Banki z’iterambere, banki koperative na za banki z’imari iciriritse
2.3. Ni akahe kamaro banki zifite? Gukusanya ubwizigame, kumenya umutekano w’amafaranga abitse no gutanga inguzanyo ku baturage
3.Loan
3.1. Inguzanyo ni iki? Inshingano zo kubahiriza no kwishyura amafaranga yagurijwe.
3.2. Hari uburyo buhe nyamukuru bw’inguzanyo? Inguzanyo y’ingoboka ku gihe kigufi
Inguzanyo ku mitungo itimukanwa
Inguzanyo z’ubuhinzi
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Inguzanyo z’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa kwicyenura
3.3. Ingwate ni iki? Ubwishingire bw’umutungo wihariye butangwa n’uwagurijwe ku watanze inguzanyo ( banki). Iyo uwagurijwe adashoboye kwishyura inguzanyo, uwatanze umwenda niwe uba nyirumutungo watanzweho ingwate.
3.4. Ni iyihe ngwate n’ubwishingire byakirwa mu kubona inguzanyo muri banki?
Amafaranga
Umutungo wishingiwe wimukanwa cyangwa utimukanwa
Ingwate zagurishwa ( inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta cyangwa iz’abandi)
3.5. Inguzanyo itishyurwa neza ni iki? Inguzanyo yakererewe kwishyurwa hakurikijwe ibihe byumvikanwe hagati ya Banki n’umukiliya.
3.6. Kuki hasabwa ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima kugira ngo umuntu abone inguzanyo?
Ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima butuma inguzanyo yishyurwa mu gihe umukiliya apfuye mbere yo kurangiza kwishyura inguzanyo yose.
3.7. Igipimo cy’inyungu ni iki? Igiciro cyo gutanga inguzanyo.
3.8. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibipimo by’inyungu? Igipimo cy’iguriza, igipimo cy’ibitsa, igipimo cy’iguriza hagati ya BNR n’andi mabanki, igipimo cy’igabanya, igipimo gikoreshwa hagati y’amabanki, Igipimo cy’inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta ku isoko ry’imari, igipimo cy’inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga z’abandi ku isoko ry’imari.
3.9. Ni ibihe bintu byifashishwa mu kugena ibipimo by’inguzanyo? Amafaranga atangwa mu gutanga inguzanyo, igipimo ntarengwa cy’inyungu n’ibyateza ingorane.
4. Ibitsa
4.1. Ibitsa ni iki? Amafaranga yakusanyijwe na banki aturutse mu baturage
4.2. Hari ubwoko bungahe bw’ibitsa mu Rwanda? Amafaranga abikijwe akoreshwa n’amafaranga abitswa ku gihe cyagenwe.
4.3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwo kubitsa ku gihe cyagenwe buriho mu Rwanda?
Biterwa na banki ubitsamo. Muri rusange hari ibitsa rimara ameze atatu, atandatu, n’umwaka umwe (amezi cumi n’abiri).
4.4. Ese umuntu ashobora kubona inguzanyo ku mafaranga yabitse ku gihe cyagenwe?
Yego. Gufata inguzanyo ku mafaranga wabikije kugeza ku mubare runaka bishobora kwemerwa.
5. Amakonti akoreshwa muri banki
5.1. Ni ubuhe bwoko nyamukuru bw’amakonti akoreshwa muri banki?
Konti ikoreshwa umunsi ku munsi na Konti yo kuzigama.
5.2. Konti ikoreshwa umunsi ku munsi ni iki? Konti ikorwaho igihe cyose kandi muri rusange itazana inyungu.
5.3. Konti yo kuzigama ni iki? Konti ikorwaho nyuma y’igihe cyagenwe mbere kandi izana inyungu.
5.4. Ni ibihe bintu by’ibanze bisabwa byangombwa kugira ngo hafungurwe konti ?
Biterwa na Banki uyifunguzamo n’ubwoko bwa konti ifungurwa. Muri rusange ni ugutanga umwirondoro no kugira indangamuntu cyangwa ikindi cyangombwa cyemewe n’amategeko.
5.5. Ni ibihe bintu by’ibanze bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu afungure Muri rusange mu gufungura konti ikoreshwa umunsi ku munsi hasabwa indangamuntu cg pasiporo
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi konti ku giti cye? n’amafoto abiri magufi.
6. Kuzigama
6.1. Kuzigama ni iki? Amafaranga abikijwe atarimo gukoreshwa. Ubusanzwe amafaranga azigamwe abyara inyungu.
6.2. Kuzigama bimaze iki? kubona inyungu ;
ishoramari ;
Gukemura ibibazo byavuka
A.2. Izindi serivisi z’amabanki
2.1 Serivisi za banki zikoreshwa ikoranabuhanga ni iki? Serivisi zitangwa na banki, umukiliya ashobora kugeraho binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya interineti cyangwa telefoni igendanwa.
2.2Ubuhuza mu bya banki ni iki? Uburyo bugamije gukorera ibikorwa abakiliya binyuze mu miyoboro itaziguye ifitanye isano na banki
B. IBIGO BY’IMARI ICIRIRITSE
B.1 Ibisobanuro
1. Igikorwa cy’imari iciriritse ni iki? Igikorwa cyo gutanga serivisi zerekeye imari (ahanini inguzanyo no kuzigama) ku baturage bafite umusaruro muke badashoboye kugera kuri serivisi z’amabanki.
2. Ikigo cy’imari iciriritse ni iki ? Ikigo gikora imirimo y’imari iciriritse. Gishobora kuba koperative itanga inguzanyo cyangwa izigama (SACCO) cyangwa sosiyete ifite uburyozwe bugarukira ku migabane.
3. Ni iki gitandukanya SACCO na Sosiyete ifite uburyoze bugarukira ku migabane?
SACCO ni ikigo cy’imari iciriritse cyashyizweho hakurikijwe amategeko agenga koperative ; bivuga ko itanga serivisi z’imari gusa ku banyamuryango kandi uruhare rw’abanyamuryango mu mari shingiro rurangana. Sosiyete ifite uburyozwe bugarukira ku migabane ni ikigo cy’imari iciriritse cyashyizweho n’abantu ubwabo cyangwa za sosiyete ariko bitari ngombwa ko uruhare rwabo mu mari shingiro rungana kandi serivisi zacyo ntizigarukira gusa ku banyamigabane.
4. Imari shingiro bivuga iki ? Imari shingiro ni amafaranga yakusanyijwe mu gutangiza koperative cyangwa sosiyete.
5. UMWALIMU SACCO bivuga iki? UMWALIMU SACCO ni koperative yo kuzigama no gutanga inguzanyo yashyizweho n’abarimu.
6. UMURENGE SACCO bivuga iki? UMURENGE SACCO ni koperative yo kuzigama no gutanga inguzanyo yashyizweho ku rwego rwa buri murenge mu gihugu hose.
7. Ese ni itegeko gufungura konti mu MURENGE SACCO ? Oya. Si itegeko gufungura konti mu MURENGE SACCO. Ariko, intego ni uko buri munyarwanda ukuze akoresha serivisi z’imari hagamijwe kwigisha abaturage umuco wo kuzigama.
B.2 Inguzanyo mu rwego rw’imari iciriritse
1. Ni kuki igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo ari kigufi muri rusange Ubuke bw’amafaranga ariho n’imimerere y’inguzanyo iciriritse bisaba kwishyura ku gihe gito.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi mu rwego rw’imari iciriritse?
2. Ni kuki uwasabye inguzanyo yishyura menshi ugereranyije n’inguzanyo yahawe ?
Biterwa n’inyungu zibarwa buri kwezi. Abakiliya bagirwa inama gusoma ibikubiye mu masezerano mbere yo kuyashyiraho umukono no kubikurikiza kugira ngo birinde ibihano bizamura amafaranga yo kwishyura. Ariko, ibigo by’imari iciriritse bifite inshingano zo gusobanurira abakiliya ibikubiye mu masezerano y’inguzanyo.
3. Ni izihe ngaruka zo kutishyura ku gihe inguzanyo umuntu yahawe?
ibihano bizafatwa ;
imitungo yagwatirijwe izafatwa cyangwa igurishwe ;
uwahawe inguzanyo ntazabona indi nguzanyo atararangiza kwishyura ;
uwahawe inguzanyo ashobora gukurikiranwa mu nkiko.
B.3 Ibigo by’imari iciriritse byahombye
1. Abari barabikije amafaranga yabo mu bigo by’imari iciriritse byahombye bazayabona bate?
Leta yongereye ingufu mu kwishyuza inguzanyo zitishyurwa zatanzwe n’bigo by’imari iciriritse byahombye. Komite ku rwego rw’Akarere yashyizweho mu gufasha kwishyuza izo inguzanyo. Nyuma y’inzira zo kwishyuza, ababikije bazamenyeshwa buryo ki bazabona amafaranga babikije.
C. IKIGO GIKUSANYA AMAKURU KU NGUZANYO 1. Serivisi z’ikusanyamakuru ku nguzanyo
1.1. Kuki imenyekanisha ry’inguzanyo ryatangizwa mu Rwanda? Imenyekanisha ry’inguzanyo rifasha ibigo by’imari gutandukanya neza abahawe inguzanyo bishyuye neza n’abishyuye nabi. Hongewe igihe, nyuma yo gushyiraho amateka y’inguzanyo, abahawe inguzanyo beza (abishyura neza) bazabona igipimo cy’inyungu cyiza nk’ingurane y’imyitwarire myiza y’inguzanyo yabo.
1.2. Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo ni iki? Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo ni ikigo gikusanya amakuru areba amateka y’inguzanyo z’abantu ubwabo n’ibigo. Gikusanyiriza hamwe amakuru yerekeye inguzanyo areba imyitwarire mu kwishyura inguzanyo y’umukiliya, akoreshwa mu gusuzuma isaba ry’inyongera ryerekeye inguzanyo n’indi mirimo.
1.3. Guhana amakuru yerekeye inguzanyo bivuga iki? Guhana amakuru yerekeye inguzanyo ni inzira yemerera abatanga inguzanyo gutanga amakuru ku bakiliya babo basabye inguzanyo baziha ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo kugira ngo ashobore gusangirwa n’abandi batanga inguzanyo. Rituma utanga inguzanyo yumva buryo ki abasabye inguzanyo bishyura inguzanyo bahawe. Bizwi kandi nk’ imenyekanisha ry’inguzanyo.
1.4. Ibigo bikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo bikorera hehe? Ibigo bikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo bikorera ku isi hose kandi byigaragaje nk’ibyagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’urwego rw’imari ruhamye n’urw’inguzanyo rukomeye. Mu Rwanda, Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo gifite ibiro byacyo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, muri Centenary House,
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi igorofa rya 4.
1.5. Ni nde serivisi z’Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo zigirira akamaro?
Buri ruhande ruri mu bikorwa by’inguzanyo rugirirwa akamaro na servisi z’ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo : nk’abatanga inguzanyo, abakiliya basaba inguzanyo, amasosiyete y’ubwishingizi, n’abantu bose bashobora gusaba inguzanyo.
1.6. Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo gikora gite? Ikigo cyikorera gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo ntigikora isesengura cyangwa ngo gitange imyanzuro. Gifasha gusa gukusanya, kugenzura no gushyira hamwe amakuru ahabwa bwa nyuma abatanga inguzanyo. Nanone, igihe umukiliya atemera amakuru yamutanzweho, ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo gifite inshingano zo gukora iperereza kugira ngo amakuru arimo amakosa akosorwe.
1.7. Ese ibikorwa by’Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo bibangamira uburenganzira bwanjye bwo kugira ibanga , cyangwa kwinjira mu buzima bwite bw’umuntu?
Oya, amabwiriza agenga ibikorwa by’ikigo gikusanaya amakuru ku nguzanyo acunga neza ububasha bw’abahawe inguzanyo mu guhana amakuru hitawe ku burenganzira bujyana n’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu. Kuri buri ntera y’uburyo bukurikizwa, amakuru yerekeye umukiliya agengwa byihariye n’amategeko y’ibanga mu gucunga amakuru.
1.8. Ni nde ugera ku makuru yanjye yerekeye inguzanyo ? Ibigo gusa byarangije gutanga inguzanyo, ibyoroshya gutanga inguzanyo cyangwa byasabwe gutanga inguzanyo nibyo bigera ku makuru yerekeye inguzanyo. Abatanga inguzanyo bashobora gusa gusaba raporo ku warangije kubasaba inguzanyo.
1.9. Ni ubuhe burenganzira mfite burebana n’ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo?
By’umwihariko, abakiliya bafite uburenganzira bwo :
Kubwirwa ko utanga inguzanyo agomba gutanga amakuru ku mukiliya mu Kigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo, n’uko amakuru ashobora gukoreshwa ;
Guhabwa kopi ya raporo ku nguzanyo y’ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo abisabye ;
Kutemera uko ameze, uko yuzuye cyangwa ukuri kw’amakuru abitswe n’ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo ;
Kubika amakuru mu ibanga, kandi agakoreshwa gusa ku mpamvu zemewe.
1.10. Ni gute nakwanga uko amakuru abitswe n’Ikigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo ameze, uko yuzuye cyangwa ukuri kwayo ? amakosa ?
Ni ngombwa ko umenya ko amakuru yerekeye inguzanyo ameze neza. Kuba atameze neza bishobora kugira inkurikizi mbi ku mahirwe yawe yo kubona inguzanyo no ku gihe inguzanyo iyo ariyo yose yashobora gutangwamo.
1.11. Banki yawe se izabwira andi mabanki uko wishyura inguzanyo zawe ?
Yego. Niba hari aho wananiwe ku nguzanyo, banki yawe igomba kubibwira andi mabanki yose.
1.12. Ni ayahe makuru yandi banki yawe yasangira n’andi mabanki ?
Amabanki asabwa gutanga amakuru iyo sheki yawe itishyuwe, iyo inguzanyo yawe itishyurwa cyangwa iyo konti yawe bitegetswe ko ifungwa.
1.13. Bigenda bite iyo uwahawe umwenda yishyura neza - Niba warafashe inguzanyo kandi ukayishyura neza ku gihe, za banki zishobora gusangira
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi cyangwa yishyura nabi ? aya makuru n’andi mabanki. Ibi byitwa amakuru meza, kandi iyi myitwarire ibyara igipimo
cy’inyungu gitoya ugereranyije iyo usaba indi nguzanyo. - Iyo utishyura neza inguzanyo, banki yawe igomba gusangira aya makuru n’andi mabanki
yose. Aya yitwa amakuru mabi kandi za banki zisabwa kubitanga mu makuru niba sheki yawe itishyuwe, niba inguzanyo yawe itishyurwa cyangwa niba konti yawe itegetswe gufungwa.
1.14. Ni gute wagera kuri raporo yawe y’inguzanyo ? Mu Kigo gikusanya amakuru ku nguzanyo cya Afurika :
Bona kandi ubyuzuze mu nyandiko isaba;
Tanga inyandiko isaba hamwe n’izindi nyandiko za ngombwa;
Niba uri umuntu watanze amakuru, ushobora kugera kuri raporo y’inguzanyo ku murongo wa interineti.
1.15. Nshobora se gukosora amateka yanjye mabi yerekeye inguzanyo?
Yego. Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera raporo yawe y’inguzanyo, ariko ikintu kimwe cyonyine nicyo gifasha kurusha ibindi ibyo aribyo byose: buri gihe kwishyura ibyo ugomba ku gihe. Kubera ko amateka yo agaragaza ijanisha rinini ry’amanota yerekeye inguzanyo yawe rishoboka, ni ngombwa ko witondera icyo kintu.
D. ISOKO RY’IMARI N’IMIGABANE 1. Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kigufi
1.1. Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kigufi ni iki? Ni inyandiko y’umwenda ku gihe gito idakozwe mu mpapuro itangwa na Leta binyuze muri banki Nkuru, mu gukusanya amafaranga ku gihe gito, – igihe cy’umwaka- Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za Leta z’igihe kigufi zishyirwa ku isoko ku gihe cy’iminsi 91, n’iminsi 182, hamwe n’iminsi 364 mu nyandiko itegerejwe ku mwaka w’imari.
1.2. Ni nde ushobora gushora imari mu rwanda mu Nyandiko mvunjwamafaranfa za Leta z’igihe kigufi?
Abantu batuye cyangwa badatuye mu Rwanda cyangwa ibigo bifite konti muri banki y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda.
Abantu batuye cyangwa badatuye mu Rwanda cyangwa ibigo bashobora kuba badafite konti muri banki y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda ariko bashora imari nk’abagenwe na ya banki y’ubucuruzi.
1.3. Ni gute kandi ryari nashora imari ? ushobora wese kuba umushoramari agomba kugira Kontu y’Uburyo bwo kubika Inyandiko z’agaciro ikora kandi igezweho muri Banki Nkuru yu Rwanda.
Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za Leta z’igihe kigufi zitangwa buri cyumweru ku gihe cyinyuranye : iminsi 28, 91, 182, 364.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Abashoramari BAGOMBA kuzuza neza kandi mu buryo bukwiye urupapuro rusaba inyandiko
mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kigufi ruboneka muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
Abashoramari bashobora gutanga isaba ryabo nk’inyandiko y’isoko ripiganwa cyangwa ridapiganwa.
1.4. N’iki mfite nahitamo mu gihe nshaka kwisubiza amafaranga yanjye mbere y’igihe cyagenwe ku nyandiko z’agaciro zanjye?
Abashoramari badashaka gushora imari yabo kugeza igihe kirangiye, bashobora kugurisha inyandiko z’agaciro zabo ku Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane. Nanone kandi, abashoramari bashobora kuziguruza Banki Nkuru igihe nta kundi babigenza.
1.5. Ni ryari menya amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa Banki Nkuru nyuma y’isaba?
Igipimo mpuzandego cyapimwe neza cyavuye mu ipiganwa gikoreshwa ku nyandiko zoze zidapiganwa kandi gitanganzwa hamwe n’ibindi bipimo mu kinyamakuru New Times.
2. Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kirekire
2.1. Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za Leta z’igihe kirekire ni iki ? Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kirekire ni ingwate y’umwenda wa Leta .
Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga z’igihe kirekire itangwa na BNR ku mpamvu za politiki y’ifaranga cyangwa y’imisoro.
Umushoramari mu nyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta z’igihe kirekire ahabwa inyungu buri gihe yishyurwa (tike yo kwishyurwa) : ku gihembwe, ku mezi atandatu, ku mwaka no ku gaciro kagezweho igihe kigeze.
2.2. Ni ryari inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga irangira? Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga ishobora gutangwa ku gihe cy’imyaka 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 cyangwa irenze. Mu Rwanda, Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga ishobora kugeza ku myaka 30.
2.3. Ni nde ushobora gushora imari mu nyandiko mvunjwamafaranga?
Ifunguye ku bashoramari bose baba cyangwa bataba mu gihugu;
Abashoramari mu nyandiko mvunjwamafaranga (batuye cyangwa badatuye) bagomba gufungura konti haba mu mabanki y’ubucuruzi yemewe mu Rwanda cyangwa muri Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kugira ngo bishyurwe.
2.4. Ni yahe mafaranga make ntarengwa mu gupiganwa isoko? Ku isoko ripiganirwa: miliyoni 50;
Ku isoko ridapiganirwa: 100.000 FRW
2.5. Amakuru ku nyandiko mvunjwamafaranga Itangazo ritangwa na BNR iminsi 7 mbere ya cyamunara, rimenyesha itariki ya cyamunara, agaciro k’impapuro zashyizwe ku isoko, igihe zimara, igipimo cya tike yo kwishyurwa, itariki yo kwishyura n’igihe cyo gutanga isoko.
Itangazo ritangazwa ku rubuga rwa BNR, mu kinyamakuru NEW TIMES no kuri Radiyo na Televiziyo y’u Rwanda.
Nanone kandi itangazo rinyuzwa mu Biro bishinzwe abari mu mahanga biri muri za
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ambassade z’u Rwanda i Washington, Paris, London, Bruxelles, Pretoria, Beijing, Tokyo n’ahandi kugira ngo hamenyeshwe abari mu mahanga no kubafasha ku mahirwe y’ishoramari mu nyandiko mvunjwamafaranga.
3. Ikigo kigenzura isoko ry’imari n’imigabane (CMA)
3.1. Amasoko y’imari n’imigabane ni iki? Aya ni amasoko akorana n’abacuruza ibyerekeye imari nk’imigabane ya sosiyete, inyandiko zagaciro zitangwa na Leta cyangwa sosiyete yikorera.
3.2. Ikigo cy’Isoko ry’Imari n’imigabane (CMA) ni iki? Ni Urwego rugenzura rushinzwe gushyiraho, guteza imbere no kugenga urwego rw’amasoko y’imari n’imigabane mu Rwanda, tufite intego rusange zo kurengera abashoramari n’ikora neza ry’isoko.
3.3. CMA ikora iki? Gushyiraho amategeko agenga isoko ry’imari n’imigabane n’imikorere yaryo.
Kurengera inyungu z’abashoramari ;
Igikorwa cyo gutanga ingurane ku mafaranga y’umushoramari ;
Igenzura ibikorwa by’ Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane mu Rwanda (RSE), abahuza bemerewe nk’abahuza mu by’imari n’imigabane/abagura n’abagurisha n’abajyanama b’abashoramari.
3.4. Ni ibihe bicuruzwa biboneka mu rwego rw’amasoko y’imari n’imigabane?
Hari ibicuruzwa binyuranye biri ku rwego rw’amasoko y’imari n’imigabane. Ni ukuvuga : imigabane, inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga za leta n’iz’amasosiyete, amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’igihe kirekire, inyandiko zigaragaza inyungu n’uburenganzira ku isoko ry’imari, n’ibindi.
3.5 Guhamagarira bwa mbere rubanda kuza kugura (IPO) bivuga iki?
Bijyana n’iyo ari ubwa mbere Sosiyete igurishije imigabane yayo ku baturage igamije gukusanya imari shingiro nshya.
3.6. Ni irihe tandukanyirizo riri hagati y’Isoko rya Mbere n’isoko rya Kabiri?
Isoko rya Mbere ni isoko ryerekeye inyandiko z’agaciro aho inyandiko zishyizwe ku isoko bwa mbere zigurishwa abaguzi. Isoko rya kabiri ni isoko ryerekeye inyandiko z’agaciro aho inyandiko zisanzweho zari zaratanzwe mbere zongera kugurishwa. Uwazitanze bwa mbere akusanya amafaranga binyuze mu isoko rya mbere naho ufite inyandiko akusanya amafaranga aturutse ku isoko rya kabiri binyuze mu Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane.
3.7. Ni bande bacururiza ku isoko ry’imari? Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda abo dusanga ku isoko ry’imari ni : Abahuza ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane, abahagarariye abacuruzi ku isoko ry’imari, abaterankunga, n’abajyanama mu bijyanye n’ishoramari.
3.8. Ishoramari ni iki ? Muri rusange buri gikorwa cyose gikozwe uyu munsi ariko kigamije inyungu mu minsi iri imbere gishobora kwitwa ishoramari. Ishoramari risaba kureka umutungo washoboraga gukoresha uyu munsi kugirango uwuzigame maze uzabashe kwiyongera kurushaho mu gihe kiri imbere. Ni uburyo
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi bwo gushyira amafaranga yawe mu gikorwa cg ibikorwa runaka bigamije inyungu uteganya kuyongera kubera inyungu uzabona kuri ayo mafaranga.
3.9. Kuki umuntu agomba gushora imari? - Ishoramari ni inzira ya ngombwa yo kugera ku bukire; - Gushora imari bituma umuntu agera ku nzozi ze nko kugura inzu, imodoka, urwuri, uruganda, kwagura ubucuruzi, kuriha amashuri, n’ibindi. - Ishoramari rituma amafaranga umuntu yazigamye akoreshwa kandi akayabyaza inyungu; - Gushora imari ni urufunguzo rwo kwiteganyiriza ejo hazaza; - Gushora imari bituma umuntu abaho neza mu gihe cy’izabukuru; - Gushora imari ni igikorwa gifatika kandi nyacyo kugirango umuntu azamure imibereho ye.
3.10. Ni ibiki umuntu ashobora kugura cyangwa kugurisha ku isoko ry’imari?
Imigabane n’inyandiko z’agaciro nibyo bikunze gukoreshwa mu gushora imari ku isoko ry’imari.
3.11. Umushoramari ni nde? Ni umuntu wese uhitamo gushyira amafaranga cyangwa umutungo we ku ruhande muri gahunda yo gushora imari agamije inyungu mu gihe kiri imbere. Umushoramari afite ibintu bimuranga birimo kugira intego cyangwa impamvu yo gushora imari, igihe runaka yumva ishoramari rye ryamara, inyungu yifuza kubona, n’umubare w’amafarange yifuza gushora.
3.12. Ni ryari umuntu ashobora gutangira gushora imari? Igihe cyiza cyo gushora imari ni « UYU MWANYA ». Muri rusange, mu buzima iyo utangiye kare ni nabwo ugira igihe gihagije cyo gushora imari.
3.13. Ni gute umuntu yakurikirana ishoramari rye ? Ishoramari ntirigomba gukorwa mu buryo butitaweho. Ni ngombwa ko umushoramari akurikirana ishoramari rye. Gukurikirana ishoramari ryawe harimo guhoza ijisho ku iterambere ry’ikigo washoyemo imari, isoko ry’imigabane, n’ubukungu muri rusange. Ku bashoramari ku isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda (RSE), umuntu ashobora gukurikirana ishoramari rye ku buryo bukurikira :
- Gukomeza guhana amakuru ku buryo buhoraho n’umuhuza wawe ku isoko ry’imigabane - Gusoma ibinyamakuru bivuga ku bijyanye n’imari n’ubukuruzi - Kumva radio zumvikana mu Rwanda na Televiziyo - Gusura urubuga rw’Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane (CMA) kuri interineti cyangwa kugana
ibiro bya CMA
3.14. Ni iki cyatuma nizera umutekano w’amafaranga nashoye? - Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane gikora ku buryo abantu babishoboye kandi b’inyangamugayo aribo bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukora ku isoko ry’imari; - Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane kigenzura niba abagize isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda (RSE) bujuje ibyangombwa byose bisabwa n’amategeko; - Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane gikora ku buryo urutonde rw’abagurisha bamenyekana neza
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi kugirango bifashe gufata icyemezo; - Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane gikora ku buryo raporo n’amakuru ku ibiciro bitangazwa ku buryo buhoraho igihe cyose bihari; - Gahunda zo kwigisha abantu bose no kumenyekanisha ibyerekeye imari zituma abashoramari bahorana amakuru kandi bakungura ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’imari.
4. Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane
4.1. Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane ni iki?
Ni isoko rifite gahunda kandi rifite amategeko arigenga, aho inyandiko z’agaciro zigurwa kandi zikagurishwa ku giciro kigenwa hakurikijwe imbaraga z’igurwa n’igurishwa ku isoko. Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rishyiraho amabwiriza ahamye, ibyangombwa byo kwiyandikisha, ibisabwa na sitati buri wese wiyandikishije n’abacuruza bagomba kubahiriza.
4.2. Ni akahe kamaro k’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane mu bukungu ? - Amafaranga yo gukoresha mu bucuruzi ariyongera - Haboneka amafaranga menshi azigamwa kubera ishoramari - Imiyoborere myiza y’ibigo - Rituma haboneka amahirwa yo gushora imari ku bashoramari bato - Leta ibona amafaranga yo gukoresha mu mishinga y’iterambere - Ni ikimenyetso cy’iterambere mu bukungu
4.3. Ni ibihe bicuruzwa biboneka mu isoko ry’imari n’imigabane? Amasoko y’imari n’imigabane agurisha imigabane, imari, n’inyandiko z’agaciro za leta n’iz’amasosiyete.
4.4. Umugabane ni iki? Ni agaciro fatizo mu mutungo wa sosiyete. Iyo uguze imigabane ya sosiyete, icyo gihe uba umwe muri ba nyir’isosiyete.
4.5. Inyandiko y’imigabane ni iki? Ni inyandiko y’umutungo abashoramari bahabwa mu mwanya w’amafaranga yabo bashoye muri sosiyete.
4.6. Ni gute mbona inyungu mu gushora imari mu migabane? Iyo sosiyete yungutse, Inama y’Ubutegetsi ubusanzwe itanga inyungu ijanishije ku banyamigabane bayo. Izwi nk’inyungu y’umunyamigabane.
Iyo sosiyete ikura, agaciro k’imigabane nako karakura;
Imigabane ishobora kwemerwa nk’ingwate (ubwishingire) y’inguzanyo.
4.7. Abahuza/abacuruza ni bande? Ni abanyamwuga bemerewe na CMA kugura cyangwa kugurisha imigabane mu mwanya w’abakiliya cyangwa mu izina ryabo. Batanga kandi inama zijyanye n’umwuga mu guhitamo cyangwa gucunga ishoramari.
4.8. Ahacururizwa ni iki? Ahantu hihariye ku isoko ry’imari nimigabane abahuza /abacuruza bapiganira isoko cyangwa
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi batangira inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga by’amasosiyete ari ku rutonde mu mwanya w’abakiliya cyangwa mu izina ryabo.
5. Ahabika inyandiko z’agaciro (CSD)
5.1. CSD ni iki? Ni uburyo bwa mudasobwa bushingiye ku gukusanya ibikenewe bwandika abafite inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga zose mu buryo bwa koranabuhanga. Bufasha iherekanya ry’inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga zanditse.
5.2. Nshobora se gufungura konti ngakoranha n’urenze umwe? Yego. Ushobora gufungura amakonti ugakorana n’abantu benshi iyo ubishaka gutyo.
5.3. Ni akahe kamaro CSD ifite ? (a) Ububiko bwa CSD bufasha kubona inyandiko zabitswe igihe zatakaye iyo impapurozabitswe nabi , zibwe, zangijwe n’amazi cyangwa umuriro, n’ibindi ;
(b) Inyandiko mvunjwamafaranga muri CSD zishobora kugurishwa igihe cyose kandi ibyo bituma ubucuruzi bwihuta kurusha,
(c) CSD ifasha isesengura rifite agaciro n’itangwa ry’amakuru rimeze neza bikoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo by’ishoramari.
5.4. Ni abahe Bahuza n'abarinzi nakwiyambaza? Abahuza ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane Uko baboneka (Telefoni)
African Alliance Services Ltd +250 785694490
CFC Stanbic Financial Services Ltd +250 784108841
CDH +250 570736
DALLAS Securities Brokerage +250 788302113
Dyer and Blair Security +250 570390
FAIDA Securities Rwanda +250 782859330
MBEA +250 255101383
Banki Uko baboneka (Telefoni)
ACCESS Bank +250 52500089/90/91
Bank of Kigali (BK) +250 252593100 / +250 788143000
Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR + 250 +250 595200
Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) +250 573559
Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) +250 575079/ 575080
COGEBANQUE + 250 252597500
ECOBANK +250 2525503580
FINA BANK +250 252598600
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) +250 570620/21
URWEGO Opportunity Bank (UOB) +250 252500160
ZIGAMA CSS +250 252571184
EQUITY BANK +250 788386677
5.5. Ni hehe nabona amakuru arenze aya CSD? Isanzure ubaze Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda mu Ishami ry’Uburyo bwo Kwishyurana, kuri telefoni +250 788142343 or +250 788172343
E. POLITIKI Y’IFARANGA
1. Igabanyuka ry’agaciro k’ifaranga n’isohoka ry’amafaranga
1.1. Igwa ry’ifaranga? Ni izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa na serivisi mu nzego zose z’ubukungu ku gihe runaka.
1.2. Igipimo cy’igiciro ku muguzi (CPI) ni iki? Ni igipimo cy’impinduka cyerekeye ibarurishamibare mu cyitegererezo cyatoranyijwe mu bicuruzwa na serivisi byakoreshejwe kandi byaguzwe n’imiryango. Ijanisha ry’impinduka muri CPI ku gihe cyagenwe rikoreshwa nk’igipimo cy’igwa ry’ifaranga.
1.3. Igwa rusange ry’ifaranga cyangwa impamvu nyamukuru y’igwa ry’ifaranga ni iki?
Nk’ikimenyetso cyerekeye ubukungu, igwa rusange cyangwa impamvu nyamukuru yigwa ry’ifaranga ni izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa na serivisi mu nzego zose z’ubukungu ku gihe runaka. Igihe inzego zose z’ibiciro zizamutse, buri faranga fatizo rigura ibicuruzwa na serivisi bike.
1.4 Agaciro k’ifaranga ni iki?
Agaciro k’ifaranga ni ubushobozi bwaryo bwo gusimbura ibicuruzwa na serivisi igihe cy’igura. Agaciro k’ifaranga kajyana n’isoko n’abaguzi.
1.5 Ukudahindagurika kw’ifaranga ni iki? Bijyana n’ihindagurika rigenda neza mu gaciro k’ifaranga ugereranyije n’amafaranga y’amahanga.
1.6 Igipimo cya ngombwa cy’Igurizwa hagati ya BNR n’andi mabanki ni iki?
Ni politike yerekeye igipimo gikoreshwa na BNR ku isoko ry’ifaranga kandi isimbura igipimo gito cyane BNR yishyurizaho za banki z’ubucuruzi n’igipimo cyo hejuru ntarengwa gitangirwaho inguzanyo mu mabanki y’ubucuruzi. Igipimo cya ngombwa cy’igurizwa hagati ya BNR n’andi mabanki cyigwa kandi kikamenyeshwa urwego rw’amabanki hamwe n’abaturage bikozwe na Komite ya Politiki y’ifaranga ya BNR buri gihembwe n’igihe bibaye ngombwa.
2. Politiki y’ivunja ry’amafaranga y’amahanga
2.1. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ni iki? Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ni igiciro ifaranga rimwe rishobora kuvunjirwaho irindi; urugero: amafaranga 604 ku dolari rimwe rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. (ku bundi buryo, bishobora kuvugwa gutya: 0,0017 US dollar ku 1 FRW ).
2.2. Ni iki kigena igipimo cy’ivunjisha? Bikorwa mu bwisanzure. Bigenwa ahanini n’abaguzi n’isoko b’andi mafaranga y’amahanga ku isoko ryo mu gihugu ryerekeye ivunja ry’amafaranga y’amahanga.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi
2.3. Ni kuki igipimo cy’ivunjisha ari ingirakamaro? Kubera ko gituma ihindurwa ry’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda mu y’amahanga byoroshya ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu.
2.4. Ni gute igipimo cy’ivunjisha kigira inkurikizi ku batumiza cyangwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ?
Ifaranga ridakomeye rituma ibicuruzwa na serivisi bikorerwa mu Rwanda bidahenda ku isoko mpuzamahanga ariko ibitumizwa mu mahanga bigahenda cyane.
2.5. Ni gute Banki Nkuru iza mu isoko ry’amafaranga y’amahanga ?
Banki Nkuru izamo igurisha amafaranga y’amahanga y’ingoboka ku isoko igihe hari amafaranga y’amahanga menshi asabwa no kugura amafaranga y’amahanga ku isoko iyo hari amafaranga y’amahanga menshi yinjira. Banki Nkuri iza gusa ku isoko ryo kuranguza, ni ukuvuga igura cyangwa igurisha amafaranga y’amahanga za banki z’ubucuruzi.
2.6. Nakora iki mpuye n’inoti z’amafaranga y’amahanga z’imipimbano ?
Inoti zishidikanwaho zigomba kwerekwa umucuruzi ubyemerewe kugira ngo abibone. Iyo inoti yemejwe ko ari impimbano, umucuruzi ubyemerewe arayifatira kandi akayoherereza Banki Nkuru kugira ngo ikore iperereza n’ibindi bikorwa bijyana nayo.
2.7. Ni gute Banki Nkuru ikurikirana ibikorwa by’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga y’amahanga ku isoko ?
Amakuru yerekeye kwakira no kwishyura abakiliya n’amafaranga y’amahanga y’ingoboka bikorwa na za banki z’ubucuruzi na za Biro zikora umurimo w’ivunjisha mu mafaranga anyuranye atangwa buri gihe muri Banki Nkuru.
2.9. Umuntu se ashobora kujya muri Banki Nkuru akagura amafaranga y’amahanga ?
Oya. BNR ikorana na za Banki z’ubucuruzi, ibigo bya leta n’ibigo by’imari mpuzamahanga.
3. Imizamukire y’ubukungu n’Umusaruro wose wIgihugu (GDP)
3.1 Ubwiyongere bw’ubukungu ni iki ? Ubwiyongere rusange mu musaruro n’imibereho mu by’ubukungu mu gihe runaka
3.2GDP ni iki? Umusaruro wose w’Igihugu (GDP) urebana n’agaciro k’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byose na servisi bitunganyijwe bikorerwa mu gihugu ku gihe runaka.
F. IBIGO BY’UBWISHINGIZI 1. Ubwishingizi
1.1. Ubwishingizi ni iki ? Kuki ngomba kugira ubwishingizi ? Ubwishingizi ni ukwishingirwa n’amasezerano arimo umwishingizi wemera kwishyura indishyi uwishingiwe ku gihombo cyerekeye imari kiba bishingiye ku bikubiye mu masezerano Ukeneye kugura ubwishingizi kugira ngo ugabanye ingorane zishobora kuzakubaho
1.2 Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’umutungo nshobora gushinganisha? Ni uwuhe utegetswe kwishingirwa? Ni uwuhe wishingirwa ku bushake?
Ushobora gushinganisha imitungo yose kubera ko yose yahura n’ingorane zishobora kuba zerekeye impanuka. Keretse Ubwishingizi bw ‘uburyozwe bw’ibinyabiziga ku by’abandi butegetswe n’itegeko, ibindi ni ku bushake.
1.3. Ni ibihe bicuruzwa by’ubwishingizi nyamukuru mu Rwanda? Ubucuruzi bw’Ubwishingizi mu Rwanda buri mu byiciro bibiri :
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi - Ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima nk’ubw’uburezi, ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru no kurengera inguzanyo. - Ubwishingizi bw’ibintu nk’ibinyabiziga, inkongi y’umuriro, ibicuruzwa byambukiranya ibihugu
n’imitungo.
1.4. Ingingo y’ubwishingizi yerekekana ibitishingiwe ni iki ? Ingingo mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi ivuga ibitishingiwe ni ingingo iri mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yerekana aho uwafashe ubwishingizi atishyurwa indishyi iyo habaye impanuka.
1.5. Mu gihe cyo kugura ubwishingizi, umwishingizi se agaragaza ibitishingiwe biri mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi?
Kenshi abishingizi ntibashaka kubwira abafata ubwishingizi ingingo zivuga ibitishingiwe, maze ibi bigatera ibibazo hagati y’impande zombi igihe impanuka ibaye; ugiriwe inama yo gusoma amasezerano.
1.6. Mu gihe habaye impanuka, hari ubuhe burenganzira bw’uwafashe ubwishingizi?
Uburenganzira bw’uwafashe ubwishingizi bwerekanwa mu masezerano.
2. Ubwishingizi bw’ibinyabiziga
2.1. Ni ubuhe bwishingizi nyamukuru bw’ibinyabiziga? Ubunini muri bwo ni bubiri: ubwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga buhujwe, n’ubwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga ku by’abandi cyakwangiza.
2.2. Ni rihe tandukanyirizo hagati y’ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe ku by’abandi byakwangizwa n’ubwishingizi bw’ibyakwagirika ku kinyabiziga?
Uburyozwe bw’indishyi ku by’abandi ikinyabiziga cyakwangiza ni ubwishingizi bureba ibyangiritse bitewe n’uwishingiwe ku muntu utari mu masezerano kandi umwishingizi aryoza ibyangiritse igihe bibaye ngombwa ko abisimbura yishyura indishyi. Ubwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga buhujwe bisobanura ko ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe kuri byose (cyibwe , gihiye, cyangiritse n’uburyozwe bw’iby’abandi).
2.3. Kuki ikinyabiziga kigomba kugira ubwishingizi bw’inyongera ( ikarita y’umuhondo) igihe gitembera mu mahanga?
Ni ukwishingira uburyozwe mu gihugu cy’amahanga (bishingiye ku Buryo bw’Ikarita y’Umuhondo).
3.Ubwishingizi bw’inkongi y’umuriro
3.1. Kuki abenshi mu bahabwa inguzanyo basabwa ubwishingizi bw’inkongi y’umuliro bamaze guhabwa inguzanyo yo kugura cyangwa kubaka inzu?
Ni kugira ngo harengerwe inyungu z’abo bigenewe n’iz’utanze inguzanyo mu gihe habaye impanuka y’inkongi y’umuriro.
4. Ubwishingizi ku bicuruzwa byambukiranya ibihugu
4.1. Ni ubuhe bwishingizi buhabwa ibicuruzwa byambukiranya ibihugu?
Ubwishingizi bukurikira bushobora gutangwa: Impanuka, ibyatera ingorane zavuka byose ( ubujura, imyigaragambyo, n’ibindi..)
4.2. Dushobora se gutanga ubwishingizi ku bicuruzwa byangiritse?
Oya. Abakiliya bagomba kugura ubwishingizi mbere y’uko haba icyo aricyo cyose cyagwirira ibicuruzwa byabo.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi 5. Ubwishingizi bw’impanuka
5.1. Ese ni ngombwa kugira ubwishingizi bw’impanuka bwinshi ku bakozi aho bakorera ( urugero mu bwubatsi)?
Yego. Ni ngombwa kubera ko igihe habaye impanuka ku kazi, uwahohotewe yishyurwa kandi n’amafaranga yo kwivuza agatangwa.
G. INYUNGU Z’UBWITEGANYIRIZE BW’ABAKOZI 1. RSSB
1.1. RSSB ni iki? Ese ni itegeko gufata ubwishingizi bwa RSSB gusa?
RSSB ni ikigo cya leta gihuza icyahoze ari RAMA n’Isanduku yUbwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Ni itegeko iyo uri umukozi wa Leta kugira ubwishingizi bw’indwara n’ubw’ikirukhuko cy’izabukuru. Ubwishingizi bw’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru gusa nibwo butegetswe ku bakozi batari aba leta.
2. Ubwishingizi bw’indwara muri RSSB
2.1. Kuki ubwishingizi bw’indwara butemera umuntu bwite bukemera gusa amatsinda?
Ibi bikurikiza Ihame ry’Ubwisungane ry’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima, kugira ngo hirindwe ‘’guhitamo nabi’’ (Ibi ni iyo gusa abantu bashobora guhura n’ingorane bigaragara bashobora kwiyandikisha ari benshi mu bwishingizi mu gihe abadashobora guhura n’ingorane cyane batazabyitaho) no gukwirakwiza ibyateza ingorane. Ni aho gusaba kwandikwa mu matsinda bituruka.
2.2. Kuki abagize umuryango bombi ni ukuvuga umugabo n’umugore bose batanga bafata ubwishingizi bw’indwara mu gihe bwishingira abagize umuryango kuri buri muntu utanze umusanzu we?
Bishingiye ku ‘’Ihame ry’Ubwisungane’’, abagize itsinda bose bagomba kwishyura uruhare rwabo.
2.3. Kuki ubwishingizi bw’indwara butishingira ubuzima mu mahanga?
Itegeko rishyiraho Ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bwa RSSB, mu ngingo ya 4, rivuga ko hishingirwa gusa kubungabunga ubuzima mu gihugu. Ariko muri icyo cyerekezo, RSSB irateganya kongera ibyo yishingira mu kubungabunga ubuzima hanze y’igihugu nyuma y’inyugo y’uko byakorwa.
2.4. Ni ryari ababyeyi batangira kugira ubwishingizi bw’indwara ku bana babo?
Ibi biri mu Politiki y’igihugu ku Bwishingizi bw’Ubuzima kandi ubu hari umushinga mu Nteko Ishinga amategeko werekeye Itegeko ry’Ubwishingizi mu Gihugu ku byerekeye ubuzima uzatuma iri tegeko rishyirwa mu bikorwa.
2.5. Ese inyungu z’Ubwishingizi bw’indwara bwa RSSB zirimo abari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru bahawe amafaranga y’imbumbe icyarimwe y’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru n’abatari bari mu cyahoze ari RAMA ?
Ibyiciro bibiri bizashyirwamo nyuma yisesengura ry’ibyavuye mu Nyigo y’Abahanga mu mibare y’Ubwishingizi iteganyijwe gutangira vuba.
2.6. Ese RSSB iteganya kuzamura umubare w’abafatanyabikorwa Yego. RSSB irimo kongera umubare w’abafatanya bikorwa mu by’ubuvuzi kandi ubu ibigo bya Leta
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi mu byerekeye serivisi z’ubuzima? by’Ubuzima, ibitaro, za farumasi n’ibitaro by’abikorera birasaba gukorana na RSSB. Ugusaba kwabo
bizarebwa ako kanya nyuma y’isuzuma.
2.7. Ese Ufite ubwishingizi wishyuriwe amadarobindi na RSSB yemerewe kuzisimbura ryari?
Mu itangira ry’ubwishingizi bw’indorerwamo bikozwe na RSSB, itsinda rigizwe n’inzobere mu by’amaso ryashyizeho igihe cy’imyaka 3 cyo gusimbura indorerwamo ku bantu bakuze n’umwaka 1 ku bana.
2.8. Ni ku bihe bigo by’ubuzima hasuzumirwa ibyerekeye indwara? Kuki bitemewe ku byiciro /imyaka yose y’abaturage?
Ahasuzumirwa ni ku Bitaro by’Umwami Faisal, Ibitaro bikuru bya Kaminuza y’i Butare na Centre Biomedical kandi byatangiye tariki ya 1/8/2010. RSSB irateganya kongera iyi gahunda mu gihugu hose. Ni kubera ko indwara zirebwa n’Ahasuzumirwa zigendera ku myaka, kandi zishobora kuza mbere mu bagore kurusha abagabo. Ni yo mpamvu RSSB yafashe imyaka 40 ku bagabo na 35 ku bagore.
2.9. Ni ryari uwishingiwe wese ahabwa ikarita ye bwite? Ubu twakoze amakarita ya buri muntu amaze kurenga 50% by’umubare wose w’abishingiwe kandi turasaba abatarazana amafoto yabo kuyazana kugira ngo turangize kuyakora.
2.10. Kuki RSSB yishyura gusa imiti isanzwe (generic)? Nk’ubundi bwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku isi, Ubwishingizi bw’Ubuzima bwa RSSB bukoresha urutonde rw’imiti yakwishyurwa kugira ngo abanyamuryango bayo bagere ku miti. Urwo rutonde rushingiye ku Rupapuro rwagenwe ku rwego rw’Igihugu rwuzuzwa, rugizwe n’urutonde rw’imiti yanditswe mu gihugu harimo Imiti ya ngombwa ikoreshwa mu bigo by’ubuzima bya leta n’indi miti iboneka mu gihugu. Urutonde rw’imiti yishyurwa ruriho n’uko ikoreshwa neza n’umutekano w’imiti. Rushingiye ku bwumvikane hagati y’abagenerwa bikorwa kandi rugenda rushyirwa ku gihe buri mwaka mu nama ikorwa hagati ya RSSB, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima n’abahagarariye abafatanyabikorwa mu rwego rw’abaganga na za farumasi. Imiti yishyurwa ntabwo ari isanzwe gusa (generic), urutonde ruriho ubwoko 1895 harimo n’isanzwe (generic) 212 ihwanye na 11% by’amoko y’imiti yose yishyurwa.
3. Ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru n’ibitangwa ku mpanuka z’akazi
3.1. Kuki RSSB itazamura amafaranga ya pansiyo hakurikijwe igwa ry’impinduka zituruka ku igwa ry’ifaranga?
Pansiyo izamurwa bishingiye ku byavuye mu nyigo z’abahanga mu by’ubwishignizi n’imyanzuro yabo. Inyigo y’abahanga mu by‘ubwishingizi yakozwe muri 2008 yagiriye inama icyahoze ari CSR kutongera gusuzuma ibijyanye na pansiyo nk’uko uburyo ibarwamo bwagaragaje ko itanga menshi cyane. Inyigo yasabye ko hafatwa ingamba zikomeye mu rwego rwo kwita mu mimererey’imari ya RSSB.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Icyitonderwa : Abahanga bakoze iyo nyigo bagiriye inama gusa RSSB kutongera gutanga amafaranga y’ishimwe ku nyungu ku bo bigenewe mu gihe ikigo gishoboye kubikora.
3.2. Kuki RSSB itemerera ko abatanga imisanzu bahabwa mbere ibijyanye na pansiyo bataragera ku myaka yizabukuru?
Ingingo ya 20 y’Itegeko No06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura Itegeko ryo kuwa 22 ‘Kanama 1974 ryerekeye Ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi mu Rwanda ishyirho imyaka 55 yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Muri urwo rwego rw’ibitegenyijwe byagenwe, nta avansi kuri pansiyo yemewe. Umushinga w ‘itegeko rishya ryagiweho impaka mu Nteko ishinga amategeko uteganya uburyo buvanze burimo ibitegenyijwe mbere ya pansiyo (ProvidentFund).
3.3. Kuki RSSB idatanga ibiteganyijwe bijyana na pansiyo ku bavandimwe ba hafi (bashiki banjye na basaza banjye…) mu gihe utanga umusanzu apfuye adasize abana, umugore cyangwa ababyeyi?
Itegeko rigena abagenewe ibijyana na pansiyo mu gihe utanga umusanzu apfuye kandi ibi bireba gusa abashakanye, imfubyo n’ababyeyi mu gihe nyakwigendera adasize uwo bashakanye cyangwa umwana uwo ariwe wese.
3.4. Kuki RSSB ireba gusa abatanga imisanzu ku bwishingizi bw’ubushake ku mafaranga ari hasi cyangwa angana na 104.000 RWF?
Itegeko rigenga ubwishingizi bufashwe ku bushake ryashyizeho igipimo ntarengwa gihwanye na 104,000 Rwf kandi ibi ari ukwirinda gushaka inyungu; ariko aya mafaranga ari hasi mu buryo bugaragara; umushinga w’itegeko namabwiriza bijyana bishobora kuzongera aya mafaranga.
3.5. Kuki RSSB itavanaho ubuzime bw’igihe cy’imyaka 10 ku burenganzira bwo gusaba Ibyateganyirijwe izabukuru?
Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 32/1988 ryo ku wa 12 Ukuboza 1988 iteganya irangira ry’uburenganzira bwo gusaba Ibyateganyirijwe izabukuru ku myaka 10 n’imyaka 2 ku mpanuka z’akazi. Ariko iki kibazo cyarakemutse mu mushinga w’Itegeko.
3.6. Mi gihe ababifitiye uburenganzira bahabwa kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byateganyirijwe izabukuru, kuki mubaha kimwe n’igice cya pansiyo bemerewe kucya kabili cyangwa ku cya gatatu muri dosiye?
Ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko No06/2003 ryo kuwa 22/03/2003 rihindura Itegeko ryo kuwa 22 Kanama1974 rigenga Ubwiteganyirize bw’Abakozi mu Rwanda ivuga ko” mu gihe ufite uburenganzira afite ibyo agenerwa byinshi bya pansiyo cyangwa amafaranga, ahabwa amafaranga menshi hiyongereyeho icya kabiri cy’ibindi agenerwa. Nyamara, Impfubyi y’ababyeyi bombi ihabwa igiteranyo cy’ibyo byateganyirijwe izabukuru.
3.7. Kuki amafaranga ya pansiyo adatangwa buri kwezi?
Itegeko risobanura ko amafaranga ya pansiyo ashobora kwishyurwa buri kwezi cyangwa buri gihembwe. Mbere twayishyuraga buri kwezi ariko umubare mubini w’abakiriya bacu bifuje ko yishyurwa buri gihembwe. Ariko RSSB yiteguye kubishyira ku kwezi mu gihe ibisabwe.
3.8. Mukora iki kugira ngo mufashe Abanyarwanda bakoze hanze y’igihugu kugira ngo babone ibyateganyirijwe izabukuru mu Rwanda (Kohereza amafranga y’ubwiteganyirize)?
Itegeko ryemerera kohereza kohereza amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize mu bihugu bifitanye amasazerano yo kubikora. Ubu bikorwa ku bantu bakoze i Burundi. Imishyikirano irimo gukoranwa na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (ku ruhande rwa Leta) no mu bindi bihugu byo mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi
H. BDF (Ikigega cy’iterambere cya BRD) 1. Ikigega cy’ingwate n’impano
1.1. Ingwate ni iki? Kimwe mu bisabwa amabanki asaba mu gutanga inguzanyo, ni icyizere cy’uko mu gihe uwahawe inguzanyo adashoboye kwishyura, banki ishobora kwishyuza inguzanyo ifatiriye ingwate.
1.2. Impano ni iki? Impano n’amafaranga atangwa nuruhande rumwe ( ku batanga impano), akenshi urwego rwa Leta, sosiyeti,Fondasiyo cyangwa umuryango udaharanira inyungu , ku uyakira, rimwe na rimwe ( ariko bitari igihe cyose) ku kigo kidaharanira inyungu, ku kigo cy’uburezi, ku bucuruzi cyangwa ku muntu ubwe. Mu kubona impano, hari inyandiko itanga impano rimwe na rimwe ifatwa nk’icyifuzo cyangwa isaba ubusanzwe isabwa.
1.3. Ni bihe bikurikizwa kugira ngo mbone ingwate ya BDF? Ukeneye gutegura iteganya bikorwa, ukabishyikiriza banki/Ikigo cy’Imari Iciriritse/SACCO nyuma y’isuzumwa ry’iteganya bikorwa kandi niba ingwate zidahagije, banki izasaba BDF ingwate isigaye.
1.4. Iyo BDF yishingiye 50% cy’ibyateza ingorane ( ingwate) bigenda bite ku badafite imitungo na busa? Urugero abanyeshuri barimo kurangiza amashuri ya kaminuza, abakene cyane abaturage bakennye ariko bafite ibitekerezo byiza by’ubucuruzi.
Gahunda zirimo zirakorwa mu kuvugurura ibyakorohereza ingwate amatsinda y’abaturage yihariye harimo urubyiruko n’abagore mu gihe ingwate isabwa ko yazamurwa kuri 75%.
1.5. Ese umuntu ubwe ashobora guhabwa ibyo koroherezwa na BDF ?
Abemerewe kubona ibyo koroherezwa na BDF ni abantu ubwabo, Amakoperative, Amashyirahamwe, Sosiyeti, n’ibindi...
1.6. Ni ibihe Bigo by’Imari bikorana na BDF? Amabanki y’ubucuruzi yose (Amabanki 10) uretse Fina Bank n’Ibigo by’Imari Iciritse 37 bagiranye amasezerano yo gukorana na BDF ariko mu gihe cya vuba tugiye kugirana amasezerano n’Ibigo byo Kubitsa no Kuzigama/SACCOs nyuma y’uko dusanze bikorana n’abaturage kandi ibyo bisanzwe mu mikorere y’amabanki asanzwe.
2. Serivisi z’ubujyanama zitangwa na BDF
2.1. Ni iki gitangwa ku nyandiko y’iteganya bikorwa? Amafaranga yishyurwa ni 1% ku nguzanyo yasabwe.
2.2. BDF ifasha ite umuntu udafite amafaranga yo gutangiza? BDF irateganya gutangiza ikigega gifasha ba rwiyemezamirimo bagitangira.
2.3. Ese BDF itanga ubumenyi mu gufasha abaturage mu gutunganya ibikorwa byabo?
BDF irateganya gutangiza ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu guhugura abaturage mu micungire y’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.
2.4. Bifata igihe nkingana iki kubona iteganya bikorwa ryanditse muri BDF?
Biterwa n’imiterere y’ibikorwa ariko ubusanzwe igihe kinini ni ukwezi.
3. Ibibazo rusange
3.1. Kuki ibyo koroherezwa binyuranye byahurijwe hamwe muri Ishyirwaho rya BDF ryari rigamije guhuriza hamwe ibigega binyuranye no guteza imbere imicungire
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi BDF? yabyo. Kuba ibyo bigega bikorera mu rwego rumwe biteza imbere ibikorwa.
3.2.Ni gute BDF izafasha Ibigo by’Imari Iciriritse na SACCO cyane cyane ibiri mu turere tw’icyaro?
BDF irateganya kugirana amasezerano n’UMURENGE SACCO mu kwishingira binyujijwe mu ngwate.
3.3. Ese nshobora kugana BDF nsaba serivizi mu buryo butaziguye?
Ku ngwate, abakiriya bakorana na za banki zabo; mu gusaba inama, abakiriya bagana BDF mu buryo butaziguye.
I. UBURYO BW’IMYISHYURANIRE
1. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire
1.1. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire ni iki? Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire bisobanura uburyo butuma kwishyurana bikorwa hagati y’uwushyura n’uwishyurwa. Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire isobanura Ibigo bizwi, inyandiko n’ibikurikizwa bikoreshwa mu kwishyurana mu gihugu runaka.
1.2. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire mumaze iki? Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire bufite akamaro kubera ko butuma habaho hasohoka amafaranga mu buryo bunoze mu bukungu kandi bugatuma icyizere ku baturage cyiyongera. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire bufite uruhare ku bikorwaremezo byerekeye imari, ku isoko ry’ubukungu kandi bugirauruhare mu kongera umusaruro no kudahungabana mu bukungu mu gukora mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze.
1.3. Ni uruhe ruhare Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ifite mu Nama y’igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire?
Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ifite uruhare rugaragara mu kureba ko Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire ikora mu buryo nyabwo,bunoze kandi mu buryo budahenze. Urwo ruhare rufite inkurikizi ku iterambere ry’amasoko y’imari mu Rwanda no ku bukungu muri rusange. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu nshingano nyamukuru za Banki Nkuru y’ u Rwanda ku birebana n’Inama y‟Igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire: - Gugenzura Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire hagamijwe igenzura Inama
y‟Igihugu ishinzwe uburyo bw’imyishyuranire hagamijwe kureba ko ikora mu buryo nyabwo, ko ikumira uburyo bw’icyateza ingorane kandi mu uburyo nyabwo binyuze mu ikurikiran, isuzuma no gutuma haba impinduka.
- Gutanga serivisi zo kwishyura no kwishyurana . Ku bw’ibyo, BNR itanga kandi ikoresha uburyo bwo kwishyurana buhujwe (RIPPS), butuma ihererekanya ry’imitungo yishyuranwa byubahiriza inshingano zo kwishyurana mu bigo by’amabanki.
1.4. Ni izihe nyandiko za ngombwa zo kwishyurana mu Rwanda? Hariho inyandiko zo kwishyurana zinyuranye mu Rwanda. Zirimo amafaranga, sheki, kohereza
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi amafaranga (inyandiko zisaba kwishyura), inyandiko ivanaho amafaranga, gusaba kwishyura ku gihe cyagenwe amafaranga yagenwe n’amakarita. - Sheki ni inyandiko yanditse itegeka banki kwishyura amafaranga. - Inyandiko isaba kwishyura ni amabwiriza yo kohereza amafaranga yoherejwe binyujijwe ku
rupapuro cyangwa uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
- Kuvana amafaranga kuri konti ni amabwiriza aturutse ku mukiriya wa banki yemerera ikigo (EWASA), gukata amafaranga atandukanye kuri konti ze. Ibi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyura iyemeza buguzi zo mu rugo ku gihe , mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze .
- Inyandiko ihoraho isaba kwishyura amafaranga yagenwe ku gihe cyagenwe ni amabwiriza nyiri
konti asabamo banki kwishyura amafaranga runaka, mu buryo butaziguye agakurwa kuri konti ye yishyurwa umuntu uzwi ku buryo buhoraho. Impapuro zihoraho zo kwishyura zikoreshwa mu kugaruza amafaranga azwi nk’iguzi cy’ubwishingizi, kwishyura mu bice ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa no kwiyandikisha kandi bihagarikwa ku cyifuzo cya nyiri konti.
1.5. RIPPSni iki? RIPPS isobanura uburyo bwo kishyurana buhujwe; igizwe n’uburyo bw’ ikoranabuhanga bwo kubikuza ( ATS) butanga amafaranga n’uburyo bwo gucunga inyandiko z’agaciro ( CSD)
1.6. Ese uburyo bw’imyishyuranire hagati ya ma Banki bukora bute?
Uburyo bwo kwishyura bugizwe n’ibice bibiri nyamukuru. Icya mbere n’ihererekanya butumwa/amabwiriza mu kwishyura naho ubwa kabili n’uburyo bwo kwishyurana. Banki zishyura nyuma yaho ziboneye amabwiriza y’abakiriya. Hatanzwe amabwiriza mu buryo bw’imyishyuranire hagati y’amabanki zohereza amafaranga hagati ya za konti zabo muri ubwo buryo. Nanone kandi nyuma yo kurangiza kwishyurana, uburyo bumenyesha banki yishyuwe (iyakira) noneho nyuma zikameshesha abakiriya bazo ku byerekeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryo kwishyura.
1.7. ATSni iki? ATS n’uburyo buvanze butanga ibyorohereza mu kwishyura no kwishyurana bihujwe by’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu myishyuranire. ATS igizwe n’Igihe nyacyo cy’imyichyuranire (Real Time Gross Settlement:RTGS) n’Ahagenwe kwishyurana (ACH).
1.8. Igihe nyacyo cy’imyishyuranire (Real Time Gross Settlement:RTGS) ni iki ?
RTGS ishobora gusonanurwa nko kwishyurana bihoraho (igihe nyacyo) mu kohereza amafaranga ubwabyo bishingiye ku nyandiko isaba igenda isimburwa n’indi. Ubu buryo bukoresha agaciro n’igihe binini mu kwishyura. Niyo mpambu buhenze cyane kurusha ATS. Kohereza amafaranga bikorerwa gusa muri RTGS.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi 1.9. ACH (Ahagenewe kwishyurana ) ni iki? ACH yishyura kandi igatanga imiyoboro yo koroherezwa ku mafaranga make ku nyandiko
nkoranabuhanga harimo ivanwaho ry’amafaranga kuri konti no gushyiraho amafaranga na sheki mu buryo butandukanye. Kohereza amafaranga (bidakozwe ku gihe nyacyo), sheki n’ivanwaho ry’amafaranga kuri konti bikorwa hifashishijwe ACH. Sheki n’ivanwaho ry’amafaranga kuri konti bikorwa ku munsi ukurikira bigeze muri ACH.
1.10. RTGS na serivisi za ACH biboneka he ? Banki zose mu Rwanda ziri ku murongo w’ikoranabuhanga kandi zitanga serivisi za RTGS na serivisi za ACH kuva muri gashyantare 2011. Nta mafaranga asabwa mu gukoresha ibikorwa bya RTGS na ACH ariko azasabwa mu gihe kizaza. Ibi bizafasha mu kwita kuri ubwo buryo.
2. Ikarita yo kwishyurana
2.1. Ikarita yo kwishyurana ni iki? Ni karita ishobora gutangwa na nyirayo mu kwishyura binyuze muri POS, umurongo wa internet kuri banki cyangwa kubikuza amafaranga no gukora indi mirimo kuri ATM.
2.2. Hari ubuhe ubwoko bw’amakarita yo kwishyurana? Hari ahanini karita yo kubikuza, kwishyura n’izo kwishyura mbere y’igihe.
3. Ikarita zo kubikuza
3.1. Ikarita zo kubikuza ni iki? Karita yo kubikuza ni ubundi uburyo butandukanye bwizewe kandi bukwiye bwo kugendan amafaranga na sheki. Ifasha umukiriya kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi (ahagurirwa ibintu) cyangwa kubikuza amafaranga kuri ATM.
3.2. Ikarita zo kubikuza zifite akahe kamaro? Gukoresha ikarita yo kubukuza biroroshye cyane kandi birihuta kuruta kwandika sheki. N’inzira nziza yo kwishyura mu kugura ntakwishyura inyungu nk’uko byari kugenda hakoreshejwe ikarita yo kwishyura harimo umwenda utishyuwe.
3.1. Ni gute narinda magendu amakarita yo kubikuza? Rinda ikarita yawe yo kubukuza nk’uko urinda konti yawe, itariki irangiriraho, ijambo ry’ibanga riri nyuma na PIN kabone n’ubwo utigeze uta ikarita yawe, undi muntu uzi numero ya konti yawe, ijanbo ry’ibanga na PIN ashobora gukoresha ayo makuru akagera kuri konti yawe kandi agakora amakarita y’impimbano.
4. Amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe
4.1. Amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe ni iki?
Karita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe ni karita yo kwishyura yashyizweho amafaranga na nyirayo cyangwa undi muntu. Isa nk’ikarita iyariyo yose yo kubikuza cyangwa kwishyura ifite nomero, umukono mutoya n’ikirango cya sosiyeti. Ariko amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe ntameze nk’amakarita yo kwishyura kuko yo aguha umurongo w’inguzanyo. Atandukanye kandi n’amakarita yo kubikuza ashamikiye kuri konti ya banki yorohereza kubona inguzanyo yihuse. Niyo mpamvu udashobora kuguza amafaranga ukoresheje karita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe; ushobora gusa
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi gukoresha amafaranga wayishyizeho.
4.2. Ni izihe nyungu zo kugira amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe?
Karita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe n’igisubizo nyacyo iyo :
Ushaka guha umuntu impano - ikarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe akenshi iremewe kuruta tike cyangwa karita z’impano;
Utembera hanze y’igihugu udashaka kugendana amafaranga cyangwa sheki z’ingendo. Amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe arizewe cyane kubera ko ashobora gufhagarikwa mu gihe yatakaye cyangwa yibwe.
Ushaka gufasha umuryango mushya kumenya gucunga amafaranga yawo. Bashobora gusa gukoresha amafaranga angina n’ari kuri karita kandi ayakoreshejwe akagaragara ku murongo wa interineti.
Ushaka gucunga amafaranga yawe uyatandukanya mu bice bitandukanye no ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Ushobora kugira karita imwe kuri buri munsi wo guhaha, imwe yo ku rugendo, imwe ku murongo wo kugura n’ibindi.
4.3. Abafite amakarita bafite se izihe nyungu ?
Kuba bikwiriye
Amakarita yo kwishyura mbere y’igihe ashobora gukoreshwa aho ari ho hose yemewe
Buri wese yayihabwa - nta mpamvu yo gukenera sheki zo kubikuza cyangwa kureba uko konti ihagaze
Gucunga amafaranga yawe
Igufasha gutegura gahunda y’amafaranga yawe;
Nta nyungu zisabwa ku ikarita
Nta ngorane zo kubikuza arenze ku mafaranga ari kuri iyo karita. Igihe cyose amafaranga ari kuri karita yakoreshejwe, ntushobora gukoresha andi igihe cyose hatarongera gushyirwaho andi.
Gutwara ikarita yishyuwe mbere y’igihe bifite umutekano kurusha kugendana amafaranga. Ikarita ishobora gufungwa iyo itakaye cyangwa yibwe.
5. Ikarita zo kwishyura
5.1. Ikarita yo kwishyura ni iki?
Ikarita yo kwishura ni ikirita ntoya ya pulasitiki ihabwa uyikoresha nk’uburyo bwo kwishyura. Ifasha nyirayo kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi hashingiwe ku cyizere cya nyirayo cyo kwishyura ibyo bicuruzwa na serivisi. Utanga ikarita ashyiraho konti yayo igenda igaruka kandi aha umukiliya
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi umurongo wo kubikuza (cyangwa uyikoresha) uha uyikoresha gushobora kuguza amafaranga yo kwishyura umucuruzi cyangwa nk’avansi uyikoresha.
5.2. Ni izihe nyungu ku bakiriya?
Inyungu nyamukuru kuri buri mukiriya n’uko bikwiriye. Ugereranije n’amakarita yo kubukuza na sheki, ikarita yo kwishyura itanga inguzanyo z’igihe gito zishyurwa vuba ku mukiriya ukeneye kutabara amafaranga asigaye mbere ya buri gikorwa, bipfa gusa kutarenga umurongo ntarengwa w’inguzanyo ku ikarita. Amakarita yo kwishyura arinda uburiganya kuruta amakarita zo kubikuza.
5.3. Ni gute amakarita yo kwishyura yarindwa uburiganya? Bika inumero yikarita yawe mu ibanga;
Andika neza amakarita yawe mashya uko aje unakuraho ashaje uko arengeje igihe.
Shyira umukono ku ikarita yawe ukoreheje wino idasibama igihe cyose uyakiriye.
Reba ko igikorwa cyawe cyakozwe uhibereye igihe cyose hari icyo uguze. Suzuma ikarita yawe mu gihe uyisubijwe n’umukozi wa gishe kugira ngo umenye ko ari iyawe kandi ko itangirijwe mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose.
Teranya amafaranga yakoreshejwe mbere yo kuyasinyira kuko ahantu hatujujwe hakurura abatari inyangamugayo mu gushyiraho amafaranga y’inyongera;
Bika inyandiko wakiriyeho amafaranga yawe kugira ngo uzigenzure urebe ko zihuye n’ibyo wavuze .
Menyesha ako kanya uwatanze ikarita mu gihe usanze hari ibikorwa bidasanzwe biyiriho bitari ibyo wavuze.
Bika ibyo watangaje ahantu hatekanye - bifite amakuru akomeye.
Gucagagura inyandiko zose mbere yo kuzijugunya, ndetse n’iz’amakonti yafunzwe.
Menyesha uwaguhaye ikarita mu gihe ugiye hanze y’igihugu.
Menyesha uwaguhaye ikarita impinduka izo aro zo zose zerekeye aho utuye, kugira ngo karita nshya /amakuru atoherezwa kuri aderesi ishaje ya interineti.
Kumeshesha ako kanya uwaguhaye ikarita igihe yibwe cyangwa yazimiye.
5.4. Ni izihe nyungu ku bakuruzi?
Ku bacuruzi, igikorwa cy’ikarita yo kwishyura kenshi kirizewe kuruta ubundi buryo bwo kwishyura, nka sheki , kubera ko banki yayitanze yemera kwishyura umucuruzi igihe igikorwa cyemewe, hatitawe ko umuguzi yananirwa kwishyura akoresheje ikarita yo kwishyura uretse ku impaka zemewe zavuka biturutse ku mafaranga yakwishyuzwa umucuruzi. Ahanini amakarita yizewe neza kuruta amafaranga, kubera ko agabanya ubujura ku bakozi b’umucuruzi kandi bigabanya umubare w’amafaranga aho bakorera.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi 5.5. Ni hehe nakoresha ikarita yanjye yo kwishyura? Kuri ATM, POS cyangwa ku murongo w ‘ikoranabuhanga rya banki. Saba uwaguhaye ikarita ibindi
bisobanuro.
5.6. Imashini koranabuhanga zo kubikuza (ATM) ni iki? ATM (Imashini koranabuhanga zo kubikuza) ni imashini kabuhariwe yakorewe guha abakiriya ba banki amafaranga hadakenewe umuntu ubikora. ATM ishobora kwakira amafaranga yo kubitsa, kohereza amafaranga hagati ya za konti z’amabanki kandi igatanga izindi serivisi z’imari z’ibanze harimo kuvunga amafaranga no kumenya amafaranga asigaye kuri konti.
Gukoresha ATM, umukiriya akoresha ikarita ya banki, yitwa ikarita yo kubikuza. Mu gihe imashini ibonye amakuru ku ikarita yanditse mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, isaba inomero y’umwirondoro we cyangwa PIN. PIN itanga umutekano mu gihe ikarita itakaye cyangwa iguye mu biganza bitari ibya nyirayo.
5.7. Imashini yo kwishyuriraho ibyaguzwe (POS) n’iki? Imashini yo kwishyuriraho ibyaguzwe ni igikorehso nkoranabuhanga gikoreshwa mu nzira zo kwishyura hakoreshejwe amakarita.
5.8. Umurongo w’uburyo bwo kwishyurana n’iki? Umurongo w’uburyo bwo kwishyurana ni ubucuruzi bukorwa kuri interineti bufasha kohereza amafaranga gusa binyuze kuri internineti. Ikora ku buryo bwihuse kandi bwizewe kuruta uburyo busanzwe nka sheki cyangwa inyandiko zisaba kwishyura. Uburyo bukoresha inzira zo kwishyura ugurisha kuri interineti. Mu Rwanda abagenzi bazatangira kugura tike y’indege ya Rwandair mu gihe cya vuba bakoresheje karita mu kwishyura.
5.9. Ikarita ya switch n’iki? Ikarita ya Switch ni uburyo bw’umuyoboro butanga serivisi mu kohereza amakuru ku makarita y’imyishyuranire, kwemerera no kwishyurana mu ibikorwa by’iyishyura ku makarita hagati y’amabanki. Switch ikoreshwa mu Rwanda icungwa na Rswitch (icyahoze ari SMTEL) yashyizweho kugira ngo uburyo bwose bwa za banki buhabwe umuyoboro n’ihererekanya mu gihugu bihuzwe. Ubu buryo bufasha abafite amakarita bose babikuza amafaranga bayavana kuri ATM hatitawe ku ma banki y’abakiriya.
6. Serivisi za Banki kuri terefoni igendanwa
6.1. Serivisi za Banki kuri terefoni igendanwa ni iki? Serivisi za Banki kuri terefoni igendanwa zitanga uburyo bwizewe kandi bukwiye mu gukora imirimo yawe yerekeye banki ukoresheje terefoni igendanwa.
6.2.Nkeneye iki kugira ngo nkoreshe Serivisi za Banki kuri terefoni Ukeneye kugira konti muri banki no kugira terefone igendanwa.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi igendanwa?
6.3.Serivisi za Banki kuri terefoni igendanwa zamfasha iki? Ukoresheje telefone yawe igendanwa, ushobora:
Kureba amafaranga ari kuri konti yawe;
Kubona amakuru make;
Kohereza amafaranga ku yandi ma konti (kohereza imbere no hagati y’amabanki)
Kugura umuriro;
Kugura ikarita yo guhamagara;
Kwishyura iyemeza buguzi zawe za telephone z’igihe gishize;
Kwishyura ifatabuguzi kuri StarTimes TV na DSTV
Kubona amakuru yerekeye umushahara;
Gusaba agatabo ka sheki;
Kumenya uko ibiciro by’ivunjisha bihagaze
6.4.Ni zihe nyungu zo gukoresha sirivisi za banki kuri terefoni igendanwa?
Kubona serivisi za banki igihe cyose, aho ariho hose ukoresheje terefone igendanwa 24/7;
Nta mafaranga asabwa mu kwiyandikisha
Nta yishyurwa buri kwezi
Gusa wishyura uko ukoresheje iyo serivisi
Ikora kuri terefone iyo ari yo yose
Ikorana n’abakoresha MTN na TIGO
Nta bindi bikenerwa mu kuri terefoni
Ikora mu Kinyarwanda, icyongereza n’igifaransa
6.5. Ijambo ry’ibanga/PIN ni iki kandi ririndwa rite?
Ijambo ry’ibanga ni ibanga rikoreshwa mu kugera kuri konti muri Banki rikoreshwa kuri terefoni igendanwa. Ugomba guhitamo ijambo ry’ibanga rikomeye buri wese adashobora kwibwira mu buryo bworoshye. Hindura ijambo ry’ibanga kenshi cyane kugira ngo hatagira urimenya.
6.6. Nakora iki mu gihe nibagiwe ijambo ryajye ry’ibanga?
Gana ishami rikwegereye kandi usabe ko ijambo ry’ibanga risubizwaho. Umukozi w’ishami azagenzura ko ari byo koko arebe ibyangombwa byose byawe muri banki kandi azagufasha gusubirana ijambo ryawe ry’ibanga.
6.7. Nakora iki mu gihe nataye terefone yanjye igendanwa? Hamagara serivise ya banki ishinzwe abakiriya kugira ngo ivaneho icyatuma habaho kugera kuri serivisi za banki zikoreshwa na terefoni igendanwa yawe. Kora vuba ibikurikizwa mu guhindura SIM wifashishije umukozi wa telefoni zigendanwa. Gana ishami rya banki yawe usabe kongera kugarura no gusubizamo ijambo ryawe ry’ibanga.
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi 7. Kwishyura hakoreshejwe terefone igendanwa
7.1. Kwishyura hakoreshejwe terefone igendanwa n’iki? ‘Kwishyura hakoreshejwe terefone igendanwa ubusanzwe ni banki kuri terefone yawe igendanwa. Igufasha kohereza amafaranga ku muntu uwari we wese hakorehejwe terefone igendanwa mu Rwanda. Serivisi yo kwakira no kohereza amafaranga hakoreshejwe terefone igendanwa itangwa na serivisi ya telefoni igendanwa binyuze ku mukozi wo kwishyurana kuri terefone igendanwa. Umukozi wo kwishyurana kuri terefone igendanwa ni umucuruzi udandaza washyizweho n’utanga serivisi ya telefoni igendanwa nk’utanga serivisi wemewe kubyerekeye serivisi zo kwishyurana binyuze kuri terefone igendanwa.
7.2.Ni bande batanga serivisi ya telefoni igendanwa binyuze ku mukozi wo kwishyurana mu Rwanda?
TIGO itanga serivisi yitwa TIGO kashi na MTN igatanga serivisi yo kwakira no kohereza amafaranga binyuze kuri terefone igendanwa ya MTN.
7.5. Ese ukoresha kwishyurana binyuze kuri terefone igendanwa akeneye konti ya banki?
Oya! Ushobora gukoresha kwishyurana binyuze kuri terefoni igendanwa waba ufite cyangwa udafite konti ya banki
7.6. Ni gute uwiyandikishije ashyira amafaranga kuri konti ye?? Mu kubitsa cyangwa kuvana amafaranga kuri konti yo kwishyurana binjyuze kuri terefonie igendanwa, ugana umukozi uwari we wese ushinzwe kwishyurana hakoreshejwe telefoni igendanwa werekanye indangamuntu yemewe.
7.7. Nabikuza nte amafaranga kuri konti yanjye? Ushobora kubikuza amafaranga kuri konti yawe igihe cyose hakoreshejwe telefoni igendanwa wifashishije umukozi ushinzwe uburyo bwo kwishurana hakoreshejwe telefoni igendanwa
8. Serivisi yo Kohereza amafaranga (Guhererekanya amafaranga)
8.1. Kohereza amafaranga n’iki? Kohereza n’uburyo bwo kwishyurana amafaranga make ugereranyije hagati y’umuntu n’undi. Kohereza amafaranga bishobora gukorwa mu gihugu cyangwa hanze
8.2. N’Ibihe bigo nshobora gukoresha mu kohereza no kwakira amafaranga.
Amabanki yose, SPEEDEX; UAEXCHANGE; MADINA; DAHABSHIIL; BAKAAL Central Group; Rwanda Cash; MUSTAQBAL; VIRUNGA;
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Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Ibisubizo ku bibazo bikunda kubazwa kenshi Elephant Business Group, Nord Sud International Amasezerano Community Banking MTN Rwanda TIGO Rwanda
8.3. Ni amafaranga ngahe nshobora kohereza mu bihugu byo hanze buri munsi?
Hari umubare ntarengwa mu buryo bwihariye mu kohereza amafaranga hanze utarenze 3,000,000 RWF ku munsi cyangwa amafaranga y’amahanga angana nayo.
8.4. Ni amafaranga angahe nakohereza hagati mu Rwanda buri munsi?
Nta mubare ntarengwa ubusanzwe wagenwe mu kohereza amafaranga hagati mu Rwanda.
J. KUGERA KU MARI 1. Kugera ku mari bisobanura iki? Kugera ku mari bisobanura ubushobozi bw’ bantu cyangwa ibigo bishobora kugera kuri serivisi
z’imari harimo kuzigama, inguzanyo, kwishyurana, ubwishingizi n’ibindi.
2. Ihuriro ryo kugera ku mari ( AFF) ni iki? Ni ihuriro ryashyizweho muri buri Karere mu kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugera ku mari. Riyobowe n’Umuyobozi w’Akarere wungirije ushinzwe Imari n’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu kandi rigizwe na:
- Abahagarariye Ibigo by’Imari bikorera mu Karere; - Uhagarariye Polisi mu Karere, Umukozi w’Akarere ushinzwe Amakoperative, Uhagarariye
Ubushinjacyaha n’ushinzwe amategeko mu Karere; - Abagenzuzi ba BNR mu Karere; - Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakorera mu Karere.
3. Ihuriro ryo kugera ku mari rifite akahe kamaro ? Intego y’iri Huriro ni ukuganira no kureba imbogamizi zabonetse ku baguzi no ku isoko, byabangamira imari muri rusange muri buri Karere.
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