Basic Networking

Basic Networking

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BASIC NETWORKING

By Deep Dey

Index

SL NO LESSON PAGE NO

1. NETWORK CONCEPT 2

2. MEDIA IN NETWORK 5

3. OSI MODEL 7

4. PROTOCOL 9

5. NETWORK CONNECTORS 13

6. BASIC SERVER KNOWLEDGE 15

7. INTERNET 17

8. TROUBLE SHOOTING AND SETUP 19

Basic Networking

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Network Concept

Network : Network Network

Network device (Computer, Printer, Scanner) media Media Network device -cable, switch etc.

Network computer computer Resource share Resource data , hardware Network

Use of Network :-

1. Data share 2. Company business 3. Money transaction. 4. Home shopping. 5. E-mail, Video conference. 6. Education, Entertainment, Games Etc.

Classification of Network :-

LAN : LAN Local Area Connection computer Network Network LAN computer Node Network 10 100 Mbps

MAN : MAN Metropolitan Area Network computer Network MAN LAN

MAN MAN Network Network OFC cable MAN DATA share

Mbps Gbps

WAN : WAN Wide area network LAN WAN

WAN Network Network Device WAN Network satellite Microwave

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SOME TOPIC RELATED NETWORK :

Network

1. Hardware

2. Software

1. Hardware :-

a. Terminal : Network system data Input Output device Terminal - PC, fax machine, telephone.

b. Tele-communication process : Terminal computer data device -modem

c. Media : data , - Co-axial cable, OFC, Radio wave.

2. Software :- Software Telecommunication software Network

Modem :- Modem Network system device telephone line work station work station Modem modulation/demodulation Modem Analog signal Digital Digital Analog

Modem Computer (Digital) Telephone system (Analog)

: ISDN, ADSL Modem.

DATA COMMUNICATION AND TRANSMISSION :-

DATA SIGNAL : Computer network data (Electrical signal) Computer Network electric signal voltage

Wave form Wave form 1. Sine Wave 2. Square Wave.

Wave form voltage Wave

Amplitude Signal

Ampere signal wave frequency frequency Hertz

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Analog signal : Analog signal sine wave Audio Video data signal information Analog signal digital signal Bandwidth signal Analog signal

Digital signal : Digital signal square wave computer data digital signal signal digital signal

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MEDIA IN NETWORK

Media

- Cable, Switch, Router, Microwave, Radio wave

Wired Media :-

a) Co-axial cable : Co-axial cable TV cable connection , cable cable solid strand co-axial cable RG Co-axial cable

50 ohm , RG-8, RG-11

75 ohm , RG-59 (Cable TV)

50 ohm , RG-58

b) Twisted Pair Cable : cable signal signal

, cross talk cross talk signal signal natural

Twisted pair cable -

(i) STP (ii) UTP

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable cable category category 1, 2, category 3, category 5, category 6, Cat-5e,

Cat-6e cable connector RJ- 11, RJ- 45

c) Glass Media : Fiber optic Glass cable data Fiber optic

1) Laser 2) LED (Light emitting diode)Fiber optic ,, Multimode fiber optic cable

125

Multimode fiber optic

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Wireless Networking :-

Wireless Media Network - ,

Radio Wave : Network Data Radio wave frequency 10 KHz 1 GHz

Range Electromagnetic Spectrum RF (Radio frequency) RF frequency RF Signal

Computer Network

(A) Low-Power Single Frequency (B) High-Power Single Frequency (C) Spade Spectrum

Micro Wave : Frequency RF Frequency Microwave Transmission -

(A) Terrestrial Microwave (B) Satellite

(A) Terestrial Microwave : Line of site Transmission Device Data transmission 4 GHz-6 GHz frequency 1-50 mile Cable network ,

(B) Satellite Microwave : Satellite Transmission signal - satellite dish satellite - satellite

satellite 50,000 km

Transmission Computer cable signal - Satellite

satellite dish signal satellite (50,000 km) Satellite - Satellite signal

Signal Propagation Delay

Infrared Transmission : TV Remote control

LAN

Basic Networking

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OSI MODEL

(Open System Interconnect)

Standard

,

ISO(International Standard Organisation) ISO OSI

OSI -

7) Application Layer

6) Presentation Layer

5) Session Layer

4) Transport Layer

3) Network Layer

2) Data Link Layer

1) Physical Layer

OSI

DATA

Physical Layer :- OSI Device

Device Device - Optic

fibre, Twisted pair cable

1) Data Link Layer : Physical Layer logic link (lan card) Address

(MAC) Data link -framing, Error control, Physical

Addressing, Flow control, Access control

2) Network Layer : Addressing Packet delivery data packet Datagram Datagram packet Network adapter address

(MAC) Physical address Network address Hardware address Layer Network address

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Network address Network Layer

3) Transport Layer : (Host to Host) Host to Host End to End Layer

4) Session Layer : Device , Layer

Data

5) Presentation Layer : Layer network service Data translator Computer Layer application Layer data Layer ASCII EBCDIC format - Data , ,

6) Application Layer : OSI Layer user network service window user application network

service OSI layer - , , , E-mail (OSI Model )

Basic Networking

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PROTOCOL

Protocol Protocol protocol

Signal signal

Protocol Protocol Protocol suite Protocol -

(i) IPX/SPX : Internet Packet Exchange/Sequence Packet Exchange Protocol Suite Novell Network

(ii) Apple Talk : Apple computers Apple Macintosh computer Protocol suite

(iii) TCP/IP : Protocol Suite Protocol TCP/IP

Protocol

Network Host ? Transmission media Data ? Data Transmit network host ? Transmission Data ?

Protocol

Protocol Suite Suite

1. IP (Internet Protocol) : TCP/IP Protocol Suite Protocol host logical address TCP/IP Network host unique IP address Host 32 Bit Host Host IP address

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2. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) : TCP - Host Data , DATA Transfer Data packet Sequence

3. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) : Network Host IP address IP address Logical address adapter(LAN card) hardware address MAC

address IP address MAC address IP address

MAC address protocol

4. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) : ARP ARP IP address MAC address RARP MAC IP

5. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) : protocol Network protocol IP DATAGRAM ICMP Error Error Control : Destination host unreachable, Echo, Echo reply, Request time out Etc. Error troubleshooting Ping utility ICMP Ping ICMP packet Host Host

6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) : file copy Protocol , service server application FTP copy download upload

Internet Download Upload

7. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) : Email (Electronic Mail) SMTP Mail

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8. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : internet browse Protocol Internet HTML file HTTP client server Data Transfer

transfer , Client Request Server Response HTTP Server

HTML file File Client Web Browser page URL(Uniform Resource Location) Type Web browser page server server page client

9. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) : TCP/IP Network host configure host ip address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server ip configure manually automatic protocol network size DHCP

10. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) : Network device monitor manage protocol reporting work station SNMP install SNMP Manager Software

DNS (Domain Name System) : TCP/IP network Host IP address website IP address type : 74.125.236.128 IP address browser type google.com browser google.com , google.com ?

DNS

Domain name Host name

FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) browser FQDN Type IP address FQDN

IP address Database DNS server

Loopback Address : Network 127 Loopback address Host address Host Network 127.0.0.0 Network

local network computer configuration check IP address

127.0.0.1 command prompt ping localhost type reply 127.0.0.1 TCP/IP install

Subnet Mask : TCP/IP host IP address

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subnet mask Subnet mask IP address ID Host ID Subnet mask IP

address network ID Host ID

(i) Traffic

(ii) Performance

(iii) Management (iv) Network

IPv6 : IPv4 Internet host host IP

IP addressing 32 Bit IPv6 128 Bit 128 Bit

host 2128 IPv6 address - EFDC: BA62:7654:3201: EFDC: BA72:7654:3210

IPv6 address

(i)Global Address (ii)Link-Local Address (iii)Unique Local Address

ISATAP (Inter Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol) : ISATAP protocol IPv6 network IPv4 ISATAP Router IPv4 IPv6 ISATAP

Address translession Private Network ISATAP

Basic Networking

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NETWORK CONNECTORS

1. Lan Card : LAN card operating system Lan card software -

Driver Lan card MAC address Lan card RJ-45 connector

2. Node : work station Node work station computer,printer,router,brouter,gateway

3. Host : Host Host Network server

4. Hub : work station cable Hub port Hub - 8 Port, 16 Port, 24 Port Hub input signal port Port RJ-45 connector Hub

Chassis Hub Stackable Hub Hub Passive

Hub, Active Hub, Inteligent Hub Inteligent Hub signal processing,filtering traffic Managed Stackable Hub software port , Data Transfer

5. Repeater : Media Signal transmission attenuation signal signal amplify

Repeater Amplifier Signal Re-generator Amplifier amplify signal amplify signal amplify signal Re-generator

repeater

6. Bridge : Bridge segment Hub ,

MAC address data packet MAC address packet Bridge STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

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7. Switch : Switch switch Computer network switch switch port Bridge data frame switch switch frame MAC address port frame switch node MAC address switch cut

through mode Store and forward mode cut through mode switch data frame 14 byte port frame transmission store and forward mode switch data frame switch data frame port data frame switch re-transmit

8. Router : Network device Router data Routing routing

Router router bridge data

Router Multiprotocol Router router CISCO Router, router configure Linux Unix server Router

9. Brouter : Router Bridge Brouter Bridge Router

10. Gateway : Gateway Router,Bridge,Hub,Switch protocol translession , Gateway Gateway Address Gateway, Protocol Gateway, Application Gateway

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BASIC SERVER KNOWLEDGE

Network computer network plan plan

1. Peer to Peer : user resource share server workstation 10 user network operating system

2. Client server network : Computer/Server server access

client Client server network 10 1000 user user level access control user login access client server network Hardware Software

3. Hybrid : Peer to peer network client server network hybrid network

Server :-

Server server Pc

server server operating system

Types of server :-

1. File Server : File server user file share | file File server hard disk Ram capacity

2. Print Server : printer print user , Print server printer

3. Messaging Server : user messaging service server messaging server E-mail, Groupware

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4. Application server : User server application office 100 Ms office install application server Ms office install , user server Ms office use

Web server, Ftp server application server

5. Data base server : Server user data base Oracle Server

:-

Bandwidth: data Bandwidth cable 10 Mb data

Bandwidth 10 Megabits/Second 10 Mbps Bandwidth

Attenuation: signal signal attenuation attenuation

EMI: electric signal signal electromagnetic interface EMI ,

Eavesdropping: EMI signal trap

signal capture data eavesdropping

Basic Networking

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INTERNET

LAN MAN LAN,MAN

(Technical incompatibilities) (Heterogeneous) network Gateway world wide , system Internetwork Internet Internet

Network of networks LAN MAN MAN

WAN network Internet

USE OF INTERNET:-

(1) Email Email ID Account (2) Website Access (3) News, Live TV, Video, Chatting (4) VOIP (5) Online shopping, Bank related work

LAN MAN network, internet

Satellite, Microwave, OFC, Radio wave, Twisted pair, Co-axial cable LAN MAN hardware software internet

INTRANET: - INTRANET internet world wide web Intranet internet private

network

LAN Internet access group client server network

Domain Name System :- save ? save Domain name system website address browser type

website Ip address Name resolution Internet

Basic Networking

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host Domain Name system IP address

Domain Name Service DNS Internet host

zone TLD Top level Domain

.com, .net, .org, .gov TLD Domain Domain Host Domain host IP address Domain DNS server

Firewall :-

Firewall Security system Data Data firewall data data , Firewall 1. Packet level firewall 2. Application

level firewall 3. Circuit level firewall

:

Private Network system network

Proxy Server :-

application level firewall HTTP protocol PC Internet proxy server software Cyber cafe Proxy server user Proxy server internet , Hacker user hack Proxy server , net Proxy server configuration

Anonymous Proxy Server

Proxy server Free ware, windows

Microsoft Proxy Server, Winproxy, Avirt Gateway

Documents

Basic Networking