Battery Energy Storage - การไฟฟ้าฝ่ายผลิตแห่ง ... · PDF file · 2014-06-23Redox-flow, 10 0% 100%0.7% 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage 4 ... Established

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.

Battery Energy Storage

Hitachi Research Laboratory,

Battery Research Div.,

Hitachi, Ltd.

6/20/2014

Kenji Takeda

CIGRE TNC Technical Seminar “Future Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technologies”

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. <Confidential>

Presentation overview

1. Storage Systems

1

2. Energy Storage Solution

1-1 Trend of energy storage

1-2 Japan’s experiences

1-3 R&D of battery cells

2-1 Hybrid BESS

2-2 Smart grid simulation

3. EGAT – Hitachi Joint Study


1. Storage Systems

2





1-1 Trend of Energy Storage

3

Source: IEA Technology Roadmap (Energy Storage) 2014

Sto

rag

e c

ap

acity [G

W]

Region

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

China India EU US

2011 2DS2050

Energy Technology Perspectives 2˚ Scenario of IEA

Electricity storage capacity and needs

-Trend-


PSH, 140000

Other, 976

0%

100%

CAES, 440

Sodium-sulphur, 304

Lithium-ion, 100Lead-acid, 70

Nickel-cadmium,

27

Flywheel, 25Redox-flow, 10

0%

100%0.7%


4

Source: IEC white paper (2011)

Current global installed grid-connected electricity storage capacity

PSH: Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity

CAES: Compressed Air Energy Storage

0.7%

[MW]

-Installed capacity-


Sodium-sulfur


5

100MW

10MW

1MW

100kW

10kW

1kW 1kWh 1MWh 1GWh

1sec 1min 1hour

1day

Source: IEC white paper (2011)

Li-ion

Lead-acid

Redox-flow

Energy

Ra

ted

Po

we

r

BESS technologies and characteristics

Duration:

-Comparison of batteries-



6

Source: IEA Technology Roadmap (Energy Storage) 2014

Energy Storage Application Size [MW] Duration

Time

Response

Time

Voltage support 1-40 1s-1min ms to s

Frequency regulation 1-2000 1min-15min 1min

Demand shifting and peak reduction 0.001-1 1min-H <15min

Variable supply resource integration 1-400 1min-H <15min

Spinning reserve 10-2000 15min-2H <15min

Non-spinning reserve 10-2000 15Min-2H <15min

Load following 1-2000 15min-1day <15min

Black start 0.1-400 1H-4H <1hour

Transmission and Distribution (T&D)

congestion relief

10-500 2H-4H >1hour

T&D infrastructure investment

deferral

1-500 2H-5H >1hour

Off-grid 0.001-0.01 3H-5H <1hour

Arbitrage 100-2000 8H-24H >1 hour

Seasonal storage 500-2000 Day-Months Day

-Comparison of applications-

Li-ion

Lead- acid



7

( In operation since February, 2010 )

-Wind turbine output:

15.4MW (1.9MW x 8)

-Battery capacity:

10.4MWh (LL1500-W type)

Shiura Wind Farm in Aomori, Japan

PCS and Battery Array Housing of PCSs and Batteries

Time

20 minutes

Less than 10% of wind

farm rated power

Smoothed power

Wind turbine’s power

Po

we

r Grid Code *

*: Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc.,

"Technical requirement for dealing with

frequency fluctuation", 2006

-Wind Farm Power Stabilization-

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. <Confidential> 8

(100%=15.44 MW)

WT without power limiting

estimated from wind speed

Battery

storage

Without control

(estimated)

With

control

Total

(stabilized) WT

Power measurements on March 30th, 2010.

Proposed control reduces fluctuations to under 10%.

Time (clock time)

Po

we

r (k

W)

Flu

ctu

atio

n

in 2

0 m

in.

1-2 Japan’s experiences -Wind Farm Power Stabilization-



10

・Energy storage for traction power supply system (B-CHOP)

・Stabilizes feeder voltage by charge/discharge of battery

DC/DC Battery

Station

DC Feeder

Regeneration

Brake Acceleration

Assisting 820V,1650V

346V,692V

19~114kWh

3MWmax

・Kobe subway (http://www.nikkan.co.jp/news/nkx1120140123cabe.html)

・East Japan Railway (http://www.nikkan.co.jp/news/nkx1120140123cabe.html)

・Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit (http://digital.hitachihyoron.com/pdf/2012/06/2012_06_09.pdf)

・Macau Light Rail Transit (http://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/2012/06/0613.html)

Projects

-DC Railway system-

slowdown Speed up Source:日立評論(2012)


1. Storage Systems

11





Features a. Cycling use (repeated charge & discharge cycles)

b. Long life: up to 17 years, or 4500 Cycles

c. Large energy capacity: up to 1500Ah / cell

d. Wide range suited to a variety of applications

e. No special auxiliary such as heaters nor controllers

f. Established recycle system for LAB (in Japan)

g. Affordable price for large scale integration

Typical Applications

Wind Farms and Photovoltaic Plants

Stabilization of power grid

Smart grid

EMS for homes and buildings

EV charging stations

Power load leveling

View of LL series

Unit for 12kWh (4 cells)

LAB Cell

Cathode

Anode

Separator

Valve for gas escaping

Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery (VRLA) for Grid Use

1-3 R&D of battery cells -Lead acid battery-


View of CH75-6 Module

Item Specifications

1 Nominal

Capacity 75Ah/0.2CA

2 Nominal

Voltage 22.2V(3.7V/cell × 6 cells in Series)

3 Voltage

Range 16.2 ~ 25.2V(2.7 ~ 4.2V/cell)

4

Discharging Current

225 A(3CA) Short Period Max.300A (Battery temperature may not exceed 50˚C )

Charging Current

225 A(3CA)

5 Operation

Temp. -20 ~ 40˚C (Capacity will decline below 0 ˚C )

6 Expected Lifetime

6000 cycles (Operation condition- DOD : 100%, 25˚C )


Lithium-ion Battery Module for Grid Use

Controller

Cylindrical

Cells

-Lithium ion battery-

-Monitoring

Cell voltage

Cell temperature

-Alarm

-Cell balancing



Current

Load

Pb PbO2

Charge

(+) (-)

PbSO4

Current

Pb PbO2

(+) (-)

PbSO4 SO42-

H+

Load

H2O SO42-

SO42-

H+

H+

H+

H+

H2O

(+) (-)

Li

Li

Li Li

Li

Li

Li

Li Li

Li

C LiXMOY LiXC MOY

Li Li

Li Li

Li Li

Li

Li Li

Li

(+) (-) Load Load

Charge

Lithium-ion

Lead-acid

Process:

Oxidation- Reduction

Process :

Insertion- Extraction

Electrolyte:

Aqueous

Electrolyte:

Organic

-Chemical Reaction -

Discharge

Discharge

14



16

Calendar Life Cycle Life

Year

Capaci

ty F

ade

[%]

Forecasting

Testing

Forecasting method

Lifetime calculation for user’s demand Margin design

- Lifetime forecasting -

Source:日立評論(2012)



17

2-1 Hybrid BESS



2-1 Hybrid BESS(HBESS)

18

Grid

Wind

Farm

PV

Lead-acid

Battery

Lithium-ion

Battery (LiB)

Lithium-ion

Capacitor (LiC)

PCS PCS PCS

Power

Distribution

Control

Hybrid Battery

Energy Storage

System

HBESS enables:

Optimized Energy / Power ratio

Size reduction

Long life time (compared to single-type)

- Overview -


Ma

xim

um

Pow

er

[MW

]

User Demand

LiB

Maximum Capacity [MWh]

Hybrid

Too much power

Too much capacity


Minimum Structure

- Design Concept -


Hybrid system : 200kW, 55kWh

0

200

-200

Pow

er [

kW

]

0 10 20 30 40 50

Time[min]

Power type

Capacity type


PCS PCS

Lithium-ion Power type

Lithium-ion Capacity type

Power distribution

Fluctuation mitigation

Battery management

Common interface

System output

V, I, etc.

Power A

Power B

Hybrid control AC200V

DC DC

V, I, etc.

- Examination of hybrid control -

Power Simulator

Capacity type : 60kW, 30kWh

Power type : 140kW, 55kWh



22

2-1 Hybrid BESS




23

- Background -

Past

Future

Distributionsubstation

Distributionline

transformer

Power flow is one way

EV

Battery

Wind powergeneration

PV generation

Power flow changes depending on weather conditions

Equipment planning depending on electricity use for consumer

• Prediction of Power Flow and Reverse Power Flow

• Equipment planning forthe stabilization of power fluctuation

↓Need for Smart Grid Simulator

Distributionsubstation

transformerDistributionline

Heat Pump


Power Grid

Power Plant

Weather

Transmission Distribution

Mega Solar Wind Farm

Consumer

PV

Electric Water Heater

EV

Battery

Weather Data

Power System Configuration

Operation Parameter

Sensor Data

Actual Past Data

Input Simulation Output

- Simulation and prediction of fluctuation in output of renewable energy

◎Prediction of demand fluctuation for consumer ◎Scheduling of EV charging

◎Variation simulation and prediction of Power Grid (V, P, I...)

State prediction of power grid

Effect of introducing DSM

DSM : Demand Side Management PV : Photovoltaic power generation

Effect of distribution control

◎Effect of introducing power system stabilizer (SVC, Battery)

2-2 Smart grid simulation - Functions of SG simulator -


Map mode

System diagram mode

Simulate movement of cloud

Display of electric power flow

Behavior of SVR

Voltage profile

Voltage deviation

area

2-2 Smart grid simulation - GUI of SG simulator -


Only the existing facilities

The influence of RES

With climate change

After system control (SVR, SVC)

2-2 Smart grid simulation - Voltage analysis of distribution line -



without BESS (overvoltage)

with BESS

BESS

BESS

- Voltage analysis with BESS control -


3. EGAT – Hitachi Joint Study

28


EGAT – Hitachi Joint Study (2014/3/31 – 4/4)

0

0.02

0.04

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Month

ly c

apac

ity

(GW

)

Time

Objectives

To jointly explore the opportunities in introduction of battery storage in

connection with wind power and solar power generation in North East

region of Thailand.

Hydro

Steam Turbine GAS Turbine

Solar Power

Battery Energy Storage

Grid

3 EGAT-Hitachi Joint Study - Objectives -

29


Base

PV

Wind

Middle

600

400

200

0200

100

Capacitie

s

(GW

) Change of Middle Load Supply

0 2412 186

Time

0

Capacitie

s

(GW

)

Upward Excess

Downward Excess

Daily Balance in May

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Re

lati

ve o

utp

ut

(-)

Time

Fine

Cloudy

Rainy

A. Hourly power demand

B. Power generation Mix

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Rela

tive

load

(-)

Time

Data

Predicted

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Win

d S

pe

ed

(m/s

)

Time

C. Climate for PV and Wind Power Solar Radiation by Weather Wind Speed

Input Simulation Output

D. Power output of Generators

E. Operation Curve of Middle Load Base

PV

Wind

Middle

600

400

200

0200

100

Capacitie

s

(GW

) Change of Middle Load Supply

0 2412 186

Time

0

Capacitie

s

(GW

)

Upward Excess

Downward Excess

Daily Balance in May

F. Fluctuation which middle load could not catch up.

3 EGAT-Hitachi Joint Study - Simulation -

30


Conclusion

34


① Advanced Materials from R&D

② Products Designed for Industrial Use (Batteries, PCS etc.)

③ Systems Integration Capability

Hitachi established “Complete Quality Assurance System” from

materials through final integrated storage systems.

Materials Integration

Long Life Electrodes

Hitachi Group’s Material Products Applications

Products

Electrode Factory

Battery Cell Production Line

Conclusion


All-in one, container-type energy storage system as a core energy

product for ensuring the stable use of renewable energy.

Crystal + Energy

Crystal of Hitachi’s state-of-art technology

CrystEna - Trademark Registration In progress

Questions?

Documents

Battery Energy Storage - การไฟฟ้าฝ่ายผลิตแห่ง ... · PDF file · 2014-06-23Redox-flow, 10 0% 100%0.7% 1-1 Trend of Energy Storage 4 ... Established