BENSELER Jubiläumsbuch

7/23/2019 BENSELER Jubilumsbuch

1/53

Ebcr`


2/53


3/53

@dl Oukcndt I`skcdkct`l, @rf`oldss`l ula @rhmfi`l

vml, o`r ula ndt O@L[@F@_,s`dl`l [tblamrt`l, X`rhbcr`l ula Ndtbro`dt`rl

bus a`l f`tzt`l 07 Ebcr`l

Ebcr`


4/53

Ydffjmnn`l 1

[QBLAM_Q@ 4

Nbrjirldli`l 2?

Nbrobkc 23

Omi`l ??

Hrblj`lo`ri ?8

Jmrlw`stc`dn ;7

_KJOFDKJ & BP[OFDKJ ;9

Dlt`rvd`w ndt C`rrl Nblhrà Y`rl`r ;3

I`sprkc ndt Hrbu Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz 1?

X@_HBC_@L 0;

I`skchtso`r dkc 2 08

I`skchtso`r dkc ? 03

I`skchtso`r dkc ; 87

BNBLAB 80

Abs buhrì`la` Fò`l a`r Bjt`lnbpp` Bnblab 88

NDQB_O@DQ@_ 94

Ndtbro`dt`rpmrtrts 37

Buszuodfa`la` 33

[mzdbf`s @libi`n`lt5 Y`rjsttt`l hr O`cdla`rt` 47

Ablj` bl bff` 41

Dnpr`ssun 48


5/53

a`l Nbf`r, Blstr`dkc`r o`z`dkcl`t. Dri`lawd`

pbss`la, skcfd`fdkc o`skchtdit sdkc `dl O`r`dkc

uls`r`r Hdrn`lirupp` ndt a`n O`skcdkct`l (dn

w`dt`st`l [dll O`pd ls`fl) vml Y`rjstkj`l. Bo`r

`s dst ò`l bukc lur `dl O`r`dkc. Ad` @ltirbtul-

i`l sdla o`lsm wdkctdi. Pla a`r o`d uls rzd`ft`

Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz wr` ndt Wdls`fl mcl`cdl ldkct

zu `rr`dkc`l.

Ydr cbo`l uls skcfd `fdk c `ltsk cdà` l, ad`

N`lskc`l dl a`l Ndtt`fpuljt zu st`ff`l5 ad`

Ndtbro`dt`r, ad` I`skchtspbrtl`r ula uls`r`

Yìoìf `dt`r. A`ll sd` st`c`l hr bff`s, wbs

ad` O@L[@F@_-Hdrn`lirupp` dl a`l v`ribli`-

l`l 07 Ebcr`l `rr`dkct cbt. Pla sd` st`c`l bukc

hr bff`s, wbs wdr i`n`dlsbn dl a`l jmnn`l-

a`l Ebcr`l `rr`dkc`l wmff`l. A`scbfo fbut`t abs

Nmttm uls`r`s Euodfunsebcr`s bukc @_HMFI NDQ

BFF@L Q@DF@L. Dn ar`dhbkc`l [dll5 Pls`r @rhmfi

`ltst`ct aurkc ad` Q`df`, ad` uls`r` Jula`l uls

zur O`bro`dtuli blv`rtrbu`l. Bff` Q`df` a`r Hdr-

n`lirupp` cbo`l `dl`l wdkctdi`l Blt`df bl

uls`r`n 07-ecrdi`l O`st`c`l. Pla skcfd`fdkc

nkct`l wdr abs Euodfunsebcr zun Blfbss l`c-

n`l, uls`r` Hrùa` o`r ad`s`s @r`dilds ndt bff`l

Ndtbro`dt`rl, Jula`l ula Wbrtl`rl zu t`df`l.

Buh a`l jmnn`la`l [`dt`l wmff`l wdr [d` a`scbfo

buh `dl` _`ds` dl ad` vd`fskcdkctdi` O@L[@F@_-

Y`ft `dlfba` l. Ydr nkct`l Dcl`l v`rndtt `fl,

wbs ad` N`ls kc`l o`d O@L [@F@_ ndtcd fh` ult`r-

skcdàfdkc`r X`rhbcr`l f`dst`l. Ydr z`di`l Dcl`l,

wbs ad` N`l skc`l o`d O@ L[@F@_ dl a `l v`ribl-

i`l`l 07 Ebcr`l ndt`dlbla`r `rfòt cbo`l. Pla

skcfd`fdkc st`ff`l wdr Dcl`l st`ffv`rtr`t`la hr

bff` O@L[@F@_-Ndtbro`dt`r `dldi` a`r N`lskc`l

vmr, ad` o`d O@L [@F@_ ndt irm`n @libi`n` lt

bro`dt`l.

Xd`f X`rili`l o`d a`r F`jtr`!

Dcr`

Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz

... dl a`r Y`ft vml O@L[@F@_!

Ydffjmnn`l ...

Fdò` F`s`rdll`l ula F`s`r,

wd` hbsst nbl `di`ltfdkc 07 Ebcr` buh jlbpp 277 [`dt`l zusbn-

n`l= Dl a`l Xmro`r`dtuli`l uls`r`s Euodfunsebcrs cbo`l wdr

h`sti`st`fft5 Abs dst ibr ldkct sm dlhbkc. [tr`li kcrmlmfmidskc jllt`

nbl eà`n Ebcr uls`r`r Hdrn`li`skcdkct` zw`d [`dt`l wdan`l. Bo`r

i`lit abs, un ad` Hrbi` zu o`bltwmrt`l5 Ybs dst O@L[@F@_ ula

wmhr st`c t abs Plt`rl`c n`l= Ydr hdla `l, l`dl.

Nbl jbll vmn @riòlds c`r a`lj`l. Abll of`dot h`stzucbft`l, abss

O@L[@F@_ dn zurkjfdì`la`l cbfo`l Ebcrcula`rt `dl` i`wbftdi`

@ltwdkjfuli i`lmnn`l cbt5 vml `dl`n jf`dl`l n`tbffv`rbro`dt`la`l

O`trdò zu `dl`r Hdrn`lirupp`, ad` cùt` o`r 477 N`lskc`l o`skch-

tdit ula zu a`l Nbrjthcr`rl dl a`l O`r`dkc`l Mo`rhfkc`lv`rà`fuli,

O`skcdkct`l ula @ltirbt`l i`crt. Bo`r dri`lawd` ir`dht abs zu jurz.

Nbl jbll vml a`l Yurz`fl c`r a`lj`l. Abll st`ct bn Blhbli Nbl-

hrà O`ls`f`r, Irla`r ula Lbn`lsiò`r a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls. Pla

w`ll nbl lmkc w`d t`r zu a`l Yurz`fl ofdkjt5 O`ls`f`r jm nnt vmn

bfthrblzsdskc`l Ymrt pdlk`f, abs bukc cùt` lmkc dn [pbldskc`l

hr Wdls`f v`rw`la`t wdra. O`ls`f`r dst bukc a`r O`ruhslbn`, a`r

Irlauli a`r n`kc. Y`rj-sttt` Nblhrà O`ls`f`r dlNbrjirldli`l-Qbfcbus`ldn Cmh [bttf`r

2482

2497 2437

2482

0

2447 ?777 ?727

?722


6/53

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722


7/53

[QBLAM_Q@_KJOFDKJ &

BP[OFDKJX@_HBC_@L

BNBLABNDQB_O@DQ@_

Ad` Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ z`dkcl`t sdkc aurkc dl` mhh`l`, jmmp`rbtdv` ula dladvd-

au`ff` Uusbnn`lbro`dt bus. Ad` sbkcfdkc` ula hbkcfdkc jmnp`t`lt` Jmnnuld-

jbtdml buh bff`l @o`l`l trit w`s`ltfdkc zun @rhmfi vml O@L[@F@_ o`d.

Ybs wdr O@L[@F@_ hr ad` lkcst`l 07 Ebcr` wlskc`l= Ad` Nmtdvbtd ml,

w`dt`rcdl dllmvbtdv t tdi zu s` dl.

Ar. Ndkcb Jbfoc`ll, Butmnmtdv` @f`ktrmldks, @ltwdkjfuli [`lsmr`l P[, _mo`rt Omskc InoC

Ad` Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ dst dn O`r`dkc a`r

@ltirbtuli hr uls `dl zuv`rfssdi`r

ula jmnp`t`lt`r Wbrtl`r. Ab ad` Q`df`

dnn`r jmnpf`x`r ula a`r`l Jblt`l-

sp`zdhdjbtdml blsprukcsvmff`r w`ra`l,

dst `s unsm wdkctdi`r, bukc dl ad`s`n

O`r`dkc dl`l Fd`h`rblt`l zu cbo`l, a`r

ad`s` Blhmra`ruli`l prmz`sssdkc`r dl-

cbft`l jbll. I`rba` a`scbfo skctz`l

wdr O@L[@F@_ ula s`dl` Ndtbro`dt `r

s`cr, ad` abs Jlmwcmw abhr o`sdtzt.

Ydr wlskc`l a`n O@L[@F@_ -Q`bn

w`dt`rcdl vd`f @rhmfi ula `dl` iut`

pbrtl`rskcbhtfdkc Uusbnn`lbro dt.

Emcbll`s Omcl`rt,

Rubfdttsnblbi`n lt, Jrbtz`r InoC & Km. JI

Ydr irbtufd`r` l Dcl`l c`rzfdkc zu dcr`n 07-ecrd i`l Hdrn`leuodf un. Buh

`dl`n skcwd`rdi`r`l Nbrjt cbt sdkc ad` OX Mo`rhfkc`lt`kcldj dl a`l v`r-

ibli`l`l Ebcrz`clt`l zu `dl`n a`r hcr`la`l Udljfbn`ff`l-O`skcdkct`r

`ltwdkj`ft. Odsc`r cbo`l wdr [d` st`ts bfs s`cr zuv`rfssdi`l Wbrtl`r j`ll`l-

i`f`rlt. Nbiòfdkc o`t`dfdit bn @rhmfi sdla sdkc`rfdkc ad` cmc` Jula`lmrd l-

td`ruli ula ad` Hf`xdodfdtt.

Ydr wlskc`l Dcl`l hr ad` Uujulht vd` f @rhmfi ul a hrù`l uls b uh `dl` w`d-

t`r` iut` Uusbnn`lbro`dt.

Wd`rr` J`ff`r, F`ba Ouy`r [uokmltrbktdli, JBNBS Y`rj` _uamfh J`ff`rnbll InoC & Km. JI

Ndt a`r O@L[@F@_ Cmfadli InoC & Km. JI v`rodla`t uls `dl` fbliecrdi` ula s`cr `rhmfir`dkc`

Wbrtl`rskcbht. Dn Fbuh` ad`s`r U`dt cbo`l wdr vd`f`, zun Q`df bukc skcwd`rdi` Wrme`jt` i`n`dl-

sbn vmrbliòrbkct. Dkc a`lj` ab zun O`dspd`f bl ad` Pns`tzuli a`r @P-Bftbutmv`rmraluli.

O@L[@F@_ i`crt` zu a`l Bppfdjbtùr l, ad` sdkc s`cr hrcz`dtdi un f`dstulishcdi` Bft`rlbtdv`l

zu a`l Kcrmn(XD)-cbftdi`l O`skcdkctuli`l o`nct cbo`l. Lur aurkc dl smfkc`s @libi`n`lt dst s

cùt` nifdkc, Mo`rhfkc`l hr X`rodlaulis`f`n`lt` zur X`rhiuli zu st`ff`l, ad` ckcst`l Jmr-

rmsdmlsskcutz ibrbltd`r`l ula abo`d zuif`dkc ndt dlt`r`ssblt`l Uusbtz`di`lskcbht`l buhwbrt`l.

Abs [trò`l lbkc Rubfdtt ldkct lur dn `di`l`l Cbus`, smla`rl dl a`r i`sbnt`l Orblkc` wura`

aurkc ad` libid`rt` Ndtbro`dt dn Xmrstbla a`r ùrmpdskc l Rubfdttsi`n`dlskcbht a`r Arj`l-

O`skcdkct`r Rubfdkmr sdkctobr. Ad` O`r`dtskcbht, abo`d bukc O`wcrt`s jrdtdskc zu cdlt`rhrbi`l

ula dnn`r lbkc lù`l nbrjti`r`kct l Wrmof`nfsuli`l zu sukc`l, cbt ldkct lur zun @rhmfi

vml O @L[@F@_ o`di`trbi`l, smla`rl bukc ad` @ ltwdkjfuli a`r J mrrmsdmlssk cutzsyst` n` dl si`-

sbnt i`hra`rt. O@L[@F@_ i`crt cùt` zu a`l t`kclmfmidskc hcr`la l Plt`rl`cn`l dn O`r`dkc

a`r Ndjrmskcdkct-Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz-[yst`n`. Abs ult`rl`cn`rdskc` I`spr, ad`

Jmmp`rbtdmlshcdij`dt ula ad` O`r`dtskcbht, C`rbushmra`ruli`l a`s Nbrjt`s bfs

Kcblk` zu oìr`dh`l, sdla ad` @rhmfisibrblt`l bukc hr ad` lkcst`l 07 Ebcr`.

Ydr irbtufd`r`l a`n O@L[@F@_-Q`bn zun 07-ecrdi `l Hdrn`leuodfun ula hrù`l

uls buh `dl` w`dt`rcdl rhmfir`dkc` ula pbrtl`rskcbhtfdkc` Uusbnn`lbro`dt!

Ar. Nbrtdl Y`fp, I`skchtshcr`r, Arj`l NJ[-[yst`n` InoC & Km. JI

2497 2437

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8/53

NLKC@L

CBNOP_I

O@_FDL

U_DKC

[QPQQIB_Q

AM_QNPLA

[tblamrto`rsdkct

8(07 01' ;7'' L, 2; 72' ;9'' M)

H_BLJ@LO@_IIrlaulisebcr52441I`skchtso`r`dkc5Mribldskc` O`skcdkctuli`l, @ltirbtuli`l

Ndtbro`dt`r5;17Pnsbtz5 kb. ;3 Ndm. @urm

Ad` O@L[@F@_-Hdrn`lirupp` o`skchtdit o`r 477

Ndtbro`dt`r, abrult`r rula ;7 Buszuodfa`la`. Dl ar`d

I`skchtso`r`dkc`l od`t`t O@L[@F@_ dlsi`sbnt bkct

O`skcdkctulisv`rhbcr`l, ar`d @ltirbtulisv`rhbcr`l

ula ad` dlaustrd`ff` Q`df`r`dldiuli bl. Eà`r a`r s`kcs

[tblamrt` dst sp`zdbfdsd`rt buh dl ods vd`r ult`rskcdà-

fdkc` X`rhbcr`lst`kclmfmid`l. Abzu jmnn`l zw`d

07-prmz`ltdi` O`t`dfdiuli`l dl Qcrdi`l (KC) ula

Y`ramcf. Dn I`skchtse bcr ?722 wdra ad` Irupp`

`dl`l Pnsbtz vml o`r 277 Ndffdml`l @urm `rzd`f`l.

(13 00' 01'' L, 2? ;4' 02'' M)

OMI@LPlt`rl`cn`l a`r O@L[@F@_-Hdrn`lirupp` s`dt5?770I`skchtso`r`dkc5Mribldskc` O`skcdkctuli`l

Ndtbro`dt`r5220Pnsbtz5kb. 4 Ndm. @urm

0

Irlaulisebcr52447I`skchtso`r`dkc5 @ltirbtuli`l

Ndtbro`dt`r587Pnsbtz5 kb. 9 Ndm. @urm

2Irlaulisebcr5 2482I`skchtso`r`dkc5Blmribldskc` [kcutzsyst`n

Ndtbro`dt`r5 ?77Pnsbtz5kb. ?0 Ndm. @urm

3(02 ?;' ;8'' L, 79 27' 2;'' M)

CBQQDLI@LLdà`rfbssuli s`dt ?778I`skchtso`r`dkc5 @ltirbtuli`l

Ndtbro`dt`r50Pnsbtz5 kb. 2 Ndm. @urm

1(13 08' 12'' L, 74 28' ;2'' M)

NB_OBKC

9(13 0?' ;2'' L, 74 27' 1?'' M)

JM_LY@[QC@DN

?(19 27' 13'' L, 79 1;' 29'' M)

QC_DI@L **O`t`dfdiulisi`s`ffskcbht s`dt 243;I`skchtso`r`dkc5@ltirbtuli`l


;(02 20' ;3'' L, 79 10' ;0'' M)

Y@_AMCF **O`t`dfdiulisi`s`ffskcbht s`dt 2439I`skchtso`r`dkc5 Blmribldskc [kcutzsyst n`

Ndtbro`dt`r507

Pnsbtz5kb. 22 Ndm. @urm

Irlaulisebcr5?771I`skchtso`r`dkc5Mribldskc` O`skcdkctuli`l


(13 01' 74'' L, 74 70' 12'' M)

NB_JI_LDLI@L

24372497 2447 ?777 ?727

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22[QBLAM_Q@

? ; 1 0 8 9 32


9/53

;

?

3

29

1

0

8

Ym bff`s o ìbll ...

Dl Nbrjirldli`l-Qbfcbus`l oìbll 2482 ad`

O@L[@F@_-Plt`rl`cn`lsi`skcdkct`. 2497 o`zmi`l

Nblhrà O@L[@F@_ ula s`dl` Ndtbro`dt`r a`l Lù-

obu dn [trf`, 2493 skcfd`fdkc hmfit` ad` @rw`d-t`ruli dl abs lù` Iòua` dl a`r U`pp`fdlstrb`,

lbc` a`n dlzwdskc`l stdffi`fìt`l Obclcmh. Abs cùt`

smi`lbllt` Y`rj 2 dst ods cùt` a`r Lbo`f a`r

O@L[@F@_-Y`ft ula [dtz a`r Cmfadli. Ad` zw`dt`

X`rir`ruli i`skcbc skcml Blhbli 2494 aurkc a`l

Pnzui a`r n`kcbldskc`l Y`rjsttt`l hr N`tbff-

obu ula _mcrt`kcldj dl a`l zustzfdkc`l [tblamrt

[t`dlo`dsstrb`.

Ods 2447 wbr`l abs @ltirbt`l ula ods ?771 ad` mrib-

ldskc`l O`skcdkctuli`l o`lsm wd` dl N`tbffobuul-

t`rl`cn`l dl a`l o`da`l Y`rj`l ult`riòrbkct . Cùt`

o`skcdkct`t O@L[@F@_ dl

o`da`l Y`rj`l dlso`sml-

a`r` X`rodlaulis`f`n`lt`

ula Jmnpml`lt`l hr a`l

Butmnmodfobu ndt Udl-

jfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli`l,

bfsm blmribldskc`l O`skcdkctuli`l. [kcrbuo`l, Nut-

t`rl, Kfdps`, Hà`rl, [tblz- ula Odì`t`df` ula bla`r`

Jf`dlt`df` w`ra`l bfs [kcttiut v`rà`ft. Ir`r` Q`df`,

ad` sdkc ldkct dn [kcttiutv`rhbcr`l o`bro`dt`l fbs-

s`l, w`ra`l buh Ybr`ltri`rl o`h`stdit. Abll w`r-a`l sd` i`tbukct ula boi`skcfùa`rt. [kcfd`fdkc wdra

ad` O`skcdkctuli a`r Q`df` `dliòrbllt, un sd` o`stl-

adi vmr Jmrrmsdml zu skctz`l. Wrzdsdmlsar`ct`df`,

skcw`r` Q`df`, Cyarbufdj ula Wlùnbtdjt`df`, _mcr` ula

hfkcdi` Q`df` ordli`l ad` O@L[@F@_-Ndtbro`dt`r ò`l-

hbffs buh I`st`ff`l buh. [d` jll`l ndt `f`jtrmstbtdskc`r

[prdtzt`kcldj bukc pbrtd`ff dl `dl`r cmkcw`rtdi`l Mptdj

o`skcdkct`t w`ra`l

O`d a`r Udljfbn`ff` i`crt O@L[@F@_ zu a`l Wdmld`r`l

dl Aùtskcfbla. Bfs rst`r Blod`t`r dl Aùtskcfbla hcrt`

abs Plt`rl`cn`l abs X`rhbcr`l Abkrmn`to`r`dts 2493

bn Nbrjirldli`r [tblamrt `dl. Abndt f`dst`t`

O@L[@F@_ `kct` Buhobubro`dt vmr bff`n o`dn

Y`ro`l un Jula`lbj z`ptblz. A`ll ods abcdl

wbr ad` Ibfvbld j abs vmrc`rrs kc`la` X`rhbc-

r`l, ndt a`n X`rodlaulis`f`n`lt` vmr Jmr-rmsdml i`skctzt wura`l. [m stbla a`r Oìdll

a`r Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli o`d O@L[@F@_ dn

U`dkc`l vml zbcfr`dkc`l Xmrtrbisr`ds`l zu Hbkc-

tbiuli`l ula Butmnmodfult`rl`cn`l smwd` vml

Wrmaujtprs`ltbtdml`l dn `di`l`l Cbus. Ud`f wbr

`s, Q`kcldj`r ula @dljuh`r vml a`l Xmrzi`l

a`r Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli zu o`rzùi`l.

Ndt @rhmfi5 Cùt` o`sdtz`l rula 87 Wrmz`lt a`r

I`wdla`t`df`, ad` ad` ùrmpdskc`l Butmnmodfc`r-

st`ff`r v`robu`l, `dl` Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli.

@dl [dì`szui, a`r nbiòfdkc dn Nbrjirldli`r

O@L[@F@_-Y`rj oìbll.

Y`rjshcruli

Nbrjirldli`l

24372497 2447 ?777 ?727

?722

2;[QBLAM_Q@

2


10/53

X`rsukc ula Drrt un ma`r wb s Jbrtmhh `fl ula

Abkrmn`t i`n`dlsbn cbo`l

Omam Nff`r jbn o`r`dts dn Hòrubr 2499 zu O@L[@-

F@_ ula wbr zulkcst bfs N`dst`r hr ad` _mcrodì`- ula

[kcw`dbot`dfuli zustladi. Bfs ad` `rst` Abkrmn`t-Blfbi` buhiòbut wura`, smfft` `r ad` Wrmaujtdml amrt

o`rl`cn`l. Ndt a`r Blfbi` ula a`n X`rhbcr`l o`trbt

O@L[@F@_ Lùfbla, `ltspr`kc`la wbr abs Iblz` ndt

Jdla`rjrbljc`dt`l o`cbht`t. Omam Nff`r hbsst` sdkc

skcfd`fdkc `dl C`rz ula sbit` zu Nblhrà O`ls`f`r5 [m

jbll abs ldkct w`dt`ri`c`l. A`r Kc`h skcbut` dcl bl ula

sbit`5 Abll smri`l [d` abhr, abss `s o`ss`r fuht. Abndt

oìbll Omam Nff`rs Jbrrd`r` bfs Dnprmvdsbtdmlstbf`lt. @r

`ltwdkj`ft` Jdst`l zun O`hff`l a`r Blfbi`, I`st`ff` zun

Buhcli`l a`r I`st`ffwbr`, o`hbsst` sdkc ndt a`r Kc`nd`

vml Abkrmn`t u la vd`f`n n`cr.

Xml nblkc`n wd` Kc`nd` cbtt` dkc j`dl` Bcluli, bo`r `s

cbt ndr [pb i`nbkct, ndkc ndt lù`l Adli`l zu o`hbss`l,

Da``l zu `ltwdkj`fl. Abkrmn`t wbr blhblis wd` Jbrtmh-

h`fl. Y`ll dkc Jbrtmhh`fl x-nbf jmkc`, w`ra`l sd` zu Or`d.

Y`ll dkc Abkrmn`t n`crnbfs `rcdt z`, cft `s ldkct n`cr,

`rzcft Omam Nff`r. N`dl` Buhibo` wbr dnn`r, `twbs

zun Fbuh`l zu ordli`l. Ydr nusst`l `rst `dlnbf

I`fa v`rad`l`l, o`vmr wdr w`dt`r`ltwdkj `fl

jmllt`l. W`kc, abss Wrmvdsmrd`l, ad` huljtdmld`-r`l, bn flist`l cbft`l.

Bl`jamt`l

Nbrjirldli`l

a`r o`skcdkct`t`l Q`df`, ndsst _`dozbcf`l ula [kcdkctadkj`l ula fsst

Wrhnust`r nmlbt`fbli dl [bfzsprct`sttruc`l ula Jfdnbskcrlj`l

skcnmr`l.

Iblz mo`l dn X`rwbftulisiòua` dn Y`rj 2 sdtzt ad` I`skchtshcruli a`rCmfadli. Amrt trdhht nbl bukc cùt` dnn`r `dlnbf wdà`r Nblhrà Y`rl`r bl,

a`r amrt lbkc wd` vmr `dl Orm cbt. Xml cd`r bus o`ruht `r ad` vd`rt`fecrfdkc`l

O`drbtssdtzuli`l `dl, a`l`l `r vmrsdtzt, ula jnn`rt sdkc un ad` Bli`fì`l-

c`dt`l a`r Irulastkjsi`s`ffskcbht`l. Dn irm`l O`spr`kculisrbun trdhht sdkc

ult`r bla`r`n rì`fndi abs Nblbi`n`lt-Q`bn a`r Hdrn`lirupp`, un ad`

Hdrn`lstrbtìd` h`stzufì l. Dn Cdlt`rirula dst rì`fndi abs sdildhdjblt`

I`ruskc zu cr`l, w`ll wdà`r `dldi` Qmll`l h`rtdi o`skcdkct`t` [kcrbuo`l

dl `ltspr`kc`la` Jula`lo`cft`r v`rhfft w`ra`l.

Bn [tblamrt Nbrjirldli`l w`ra`l cùt` ar`d

Udljfbn`ff`lsyst`n bliòmt`l. Ad`s` Xd`fhbft dst dl

Aùtskcfbla `dlzdibrtdi. Uusbnn`l ndt a`r O`t`dfd-

iulisi`s`ffskcbht OXM dl Y`ramcf dst abs Bliòmt

o`zifdkc Jbpbzdtt ula Jula`llc` `dl` rula`[bkc`.

Ycr`l a `s ult`l dl a`l irm` l Cbff` l fbut

ula o`trdòsbn zui`ct, c`rrskct dl a`l Wrh-

fbomr`l dl o`da`l Y`rj`l `dl` hbst skcml jfd-

ldskc r`dl blnut`la` Btnmspcr`. Ckcst

jmlz`ltrd`rt ula ult`r Uucdfh`lbcn` nma`rlst`r

Q`kcldj oìutbkct`t ad` Rubfdttssdkc`ruli Wrmo`l

Wfbluli ula Obu a`rO`trdòsrun` Dn [trf` 1dl n`cr`r`l Obustuh`l

2483 9?

2497 2437

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11/53

[QBLAM_Q@

Nblhrà dst ldkct if`dkc Nblhrà

Ndt a`n @dltrdtt vml Nblhrà Y`rl`r bfs I`s`ffskcbht`r

o`d O@L[@F@_ la`rt` sdkc `dldi`s. Cbls-Pfrdkc Msswbfa

`rdll`rt sdkc5 Mowmcf C`rr O`ls`f`r ula C`rr Y`rl`r

o`da` ndt Xmrlbn`l Nblhrà c`d`l, ctt`l sd` ult`r-

skcdàfdkc`r ldkct s`dl jll`l. C`rr O`ls`f`r wbr a`r

typdskc` skcwodskc` Qhtf`r, C`rrl Y`rl`r n`rjt` nbl

bl, abss `r bus `dl`n Irmo`trdò jbn. Abs u`rt` sdkc

dl ult`rskcdàfdkc`l Adli`l. Msswbfa rdll`rt sdkc bl dl

O`dspd`f5 Bukc abnbfs ibo `s skcml Xmrskcrdht`l o`zifdkc

a`s Bro`dtsskcutz`s, bo`r sm rdkctdi jnn`rt` sdkc ld`-

nbla abrun. C`rr Y`rl`r lbcn abs smhmrt prmh`ssdml`ff

dl Blirdhh.

Bukc Cbll`fmr` Aurst `rdll`rt sdkc5 @dl` a`r `rst`l

Nblbcn`l vml C`rrl Y`rl`r wbr, abss `r ad` Auskc-

ula Ybskcrun` a`r O`fìskcbht r`lmvd`r`l fbss`l cbt.

Abs wbr ardli`la ltdi, bo`r ld`nbla cbtt` sdkc abrun

i`jnn`rt. Y`ll C`rr O`ls`f`r uls sbit`, wdr smfft`l

abs Fdkct un `fh Pcr busskcbft`l ula `s wura` v`ri`ss`l,

cbt `r a`l [kcbft`r wìi`skcfbi`l, skcnulz`ft Cbls-

Pfrdkc Msswbfa. C`rr Y`rl`r abiì`l cbt iblz skcl`ff

`dl` U`dtskcbftucr `dlobu`l fbss`l.

Qbi a`r Bro`dt

@dlnbf wura` bn 2. Nbd i`bro`dt`t, w`df `dl` bft` Blfbi` boi`rdss`l w`r-

a`l nusst`. Nblhrà O`ls`f`r arkjt` `dl`n Ndtbro`dt`r 07 Nbrj dl ad`

Cbla ula sbit`5 Cmf `dl`l Jbst`l Od`r ula o`dn N`tzi`r X`sp`r hr bff`.

A`r Ndtbro`dt`r bltwmrt`t`5 C`rr O`ls`f`r, wd` smff dkc abs nbkc`l= @s dst

H`d`rtbi. Ad` Fa`l sdla cùt` i`skcfmss`l. Abrbuhcdl wbrh dcn a`r Kc`h

ad` [kcfss`f hr s`dl`l ONY zu ula sbit`5 Ldnn ad` 07 Nbrj ula hbcr.

Jfmph o`d a`n I`trlj`claf`r bl ad` Qr ula sbi `dl`l Iru vml ndr,

abll jrdìst au a`l Jbst`l Od`r. O`dn N`tzi`r nbkcst au `s i`lbusm. Abll

idot `s bukc `dl X`sp`r. A`r Ndtbro`dt`r tbt wd` o`hmcf`l5 jfmph, jfmph

`dl` Jdst` Od`r. Jfmph, jfmph X`sp`r ula wdà`r zurkj dl ad` Hdrnb.

_ula un ad` Q`kcldj

Cbls-Pfrdkc Msswbfa, a`r bn 2. Eblubr 2437 bfs Q`kcldskc`r F`dt`r zu

O@L[@F@_ jbn ula ods zur _`lt` amrt ofdò, ofdkjt skcnulz`fla buh s`dl`

Jbrrd`r` o`d O@L[@F@_ zurkj5 Xml a`l O@L[@F@_-Ndtbro`dt`rl wdra

ldkct `rst e`tzt ckcst` Hf`xdodfdtt `rwbrt`t. Abs wbr skcml abnbfs sm.

Y`r o`d O@L[@F@_ buh a d` Wrm of`n` arbuhtrb t st btt sd` z u o`s` dtdi`l,

wbr bl a`r hbfs kc`l [t`f f`. @r cbo` abnbf s bff`s rula un ad` Q`kcldj

i`nbkct, sbit Cbls-Pfrdkc Msswbfa cùt`. Dkc cbo` Q@N ula Abkrmn`t

o`trùt, lù` Blfbi`l buhiòbut, Obunblbcn`l ula Wfbluli o`rwbkct,

Xmrtri` buh N`ss`l ula o`d Jula`l i`cbft`l, ndkc un @ltfbkjuli ula

Bowbss`r i`jnn`rt. @s ibo abnbfs lmkc j`dl` jfbr boiìr`lzt`l Buh-

ibo`l. Ad` Adli` nusst`l ò`l `rfàdit w`ra`l.

Eust dl tdn` o`d O@L[@F@_

O@L[@F@_-Jula`l cbo`l `s dnn`r `dfdi, ula nbl-

kc` smibr o`smla`rs. Cbls-Pfrdkc Msswbfa `rdll`rt

sdkc, abss skcml nbf Q`df` ndt a`n Cuoskcrbuo`r

iòrbkct wura`l5 Ad` abkct`l, wdr nbkc`l abs nbf

i`skcwdla ula sd` jll`l s if`dkc wdà`r ndtl`c-

n`l. Ctt`l wdr zwbr i`rl`, bo`r o`skcdkct`l abu`rt

ò`l `dl pbbr [tula`l. F`tztfdkc nusst` a`r Cuo-

skcrbuo`r lmkc `dlnbf jmnn`l, un ad` Q`df` wdà`r

bozucmf`l. Buh eà`l Hbff nusst`l dnn`r bff` o`r`dt

hr [mla`r`dlstz` s`dl.

[kcfmss`rn`dst`r Ydffy I`rst, vml Lmv`no`r 2497 ods

zur _`lt` o`d O@L[@F@_, `rzcft5 Y`ll ad` H`rtd-

iuli stdffstbla, ibo `s abnbfs lur `dl` Q`f`hmllun-

n`r5 n`dl`. @s ibo Lkct`, ab odl dkc ar`dnbf dl ad`

Hdrnb i`hbcr`l. Ndt i`rì`ft`l Bro`dtsz`dt`l wbr `s

ldkct w`dt c`r. Abs w`d bukc Cbll`fmr` Omhdli`r5 @s

jbn skcml nbf vmr, abss ndkc C`rr O`ls`f`r ndttbis

skcl`ff lbkc Cbus` i`hbcr`l cbt, abndt dkc n`dl`n

Jdla abs @ss`l h`rtdi nbkc`l jmllt`. Ablbkc cbt `r

ndkc wdà`r boi`cmft.

Dlo`trdòlbcn` dl`r Wufv`ro`skcdkctulis-blfbi` (@W[) dn Lùobu Dn [trf` 1Nbrjirldli`l dl` a`r rst`l Blfbi`ldl Aùtskcfbla

2497

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Iòua` dl`n o`lbkcobrt`l [tbcfult`rl`cn`l. O@L[@F@_

cbt `s jmnpf`tt r`lmvd`rt ula bl s`dl` Oàrhldss` bli`pbsst.

Uustzfdkc zu a`l Q@N-@ltirbtulisnbskcdl`l sdla cd`r cùt`

Blfbi`l hr abs @f`jtrmkc`ndskc` @ltirbt`l (@KN) ula abs

Cmkcarukjwbss`rstrbcf-@ltirbt`l (CAY) ult`riòrbkct. @KN

jmnnt zun Uui, w`ll Irbt` bl i`lbu a`hdld`rt`l [t`ff`l lt-

h`rlt ma`r Jblt`l i`rula`t w`ra`l nss`l. Ad`s`s X`rhbcr`l

dst buh lbc`zu eà`s N`tbff blw`laobr. CAY abiì`l r`dldit

ndt Cmkcarukj [tbcf ula F`dkctn`tbff` wd` Bfundldun ma`r

Nbil`sdun ula lth`rlt o`lhbffs Irbt`.

Abro`r cdlbus o`c`ro`rit Y`rj ? ad` Blfbi` a`r dlaustrd-

`ff`l Q`df`r`dldiuli sbnt Xbjuuntrmkjl`r. Ad` dlaustrd`ff`

Q`df`r`dldiuli trit abzu o`d, X`rulr`dldiuli`l zu v`rcdla`rl,

ad` spt`r o`dn X`robu`l zu [truli`l hcr`l jllt`l. @dl`

wssrdi` Fsu li o`hr`dt Obut `df` dl `dl`r N`cr jbnn`r-Qbukc-

blfbi` vml bff`n Pl`rwlskct`l, s`d`l `s irmo`r Ar`kj ma`r

jf`dlst` [kcnutzpbrtdj`f. A`r ar`cobr`

Xbjuuntrmkjl r fsst blskcfd``la bukc

ad` f`tzt` [pur Hùkctdij`dt w`dkc`l.

Dl a`l o`da`l Nbrobkc`r Y`rj`l idot `s

cùt` rula 37 O`skchtdit` bus bff`r Y`ft.

N`lskc`l bus Ird`kc`lfbla, Dtbfd`l, a`r Qrj`d,

bus Qmim, vml a`r Nurr ula bus a`n [kcwbrzwbfa

bro`dt`l cd`r dltrkctdi ula `rhmfir`dkc zusbn-

n`l. Dltìrbtdml wdra irmi`skcrdò`l ula

abs ldkct lur ndt Ofdkj buh a`l Iòurtsmrt. Bukc

N`lskc`l ndt O`cdla`ruli hdla`l dn Nbrobkc`r

O@L[@F@_-Y`rj dcr`l Wfbtz. _ula 20 vml dcl`l

jmnn`l tifdkc bus a`l o`lbkcobrt`l O`skct-

z`la`l Y`rjsttt`l dl Nbrjirldli`l ula sdla

c`rvmrrbi la dl ad` Bro`dtsbofuh` dltìrd`rt.

Bff` zusbnn`l odfa`l sd` i`n`dlsbn ndt a`l

Jmffì`l dl Qcrdi`l, [kcw`dz ula Cbttdli`l dl

stbrj`s Q`bn hr cmkcw`rtdi` @ltirbtuli ula

Q`df`r`dldiuli.

[kcbupfbtz Nbx-@ytc-[trb` 8 dl Nbrobkc.

O@L[@F@_ st`ct ab bn Y`rjstmr i`skcrdò`l.

Abcdlt`r zd`c`l sdkc zw`d Y`rjscbff`l. Cd`r dst

s`dt 2447 ad` C`dnbt a`r O@L[@F@_ @ltirbtul-

i`l InoC, ad` bl ad`s`n [tblamrt dl o`r`dts vmr-

cbla`l` Nmltbi`cbff`l dlzd`c`l jmllt`.

Cùt` st`c`l cd`r abs Y`rj 2 ula abs Y`rj ?. Y`rj

2 wura` 2447 o`zmi`l ula lbcn a`l ods abcdl dl

Nbrjirldli`l blsssdi`l O`r`dkc hr Qc`rndskc`s

@ltirbt`l (Q@N) buh. Lùl Blfbi`l o`hr`d`l Y`rj-

stkj` dl rbs`la`r I`skcwdladij`dt vml str`la`l

Irbt`l. Lur w`ldi` Ndffds`jula`l orbukct abs [bu`r-

stmhh-Or`llibs-I`ndskc dl a`r @ltirbtulisjbnn`r,

un ndt cmc`n Arukj ula irm`r Cdtz` ad` i`wlskc-

t`l @riòldss` zu `rzd`f`l. Abo`d sdla ad`s` Nbskcdl`l

`kct` F`ds`tr`t`r. Mowmcf dl dcr`n Dll`rl bff` pbbr

[`jula`l `dl` @xpfmsdml

stbtthdla`t, crt nbl arbu-

`l lur dl f`ds`s Jfdkj`l.

Y`rj ? w ura` ?779 `dli`-

w`dct. Ods ?770 i`crt ` abs

Y`rjshcruli

Nbrobkc

24372497 2447 ?777 ?727

?722

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13/53

Y`dlprmo` fb O@L[@F@ _

Dli` Qrdpp`f wbr fbli` Ebcr` ad` iut` [``f` vml

O@L[@F@_, zulkcst dl Nbrjirldli`l ula

spt`r bukc dl Nbrobkc. Bfs sd` wdà`r `dlnbf

ardli`la `twbs o`d a`r Julaskcbht `rfàdi`l

smfft`, wmfft` sd` stbtt a`s Hdrn`lwbi`ls fdò`r

abs `di`l` Butm l`cn`l. Amkc abs skcd`l a`h`jt:

`s trmpht` bus a`n Butm. Ab `s `dl `dfdi`r Buh-

trbi wbr, v`rstladit` sd` hfuis Jmffì`l bus a`r

Wrmaujtdml, ad` a`l [kcba`l oìutbkct`l smfft`l.

@dl`r lbkc a`n bla`r`l skcbut` ult`r abs Butm

ula v`rsukct`, ad` Prsbkc` hr ad` uladkct` [t`ff`

zu fmjbfdsd`r`l. Ods dl`r a`r Jmffì`l nutdi ad`

Hfssdij`dt jmst`t`. Hrbu Qrdpp`f, dkc tdpp` buh

Qrmffdli`r ndt F`no`ri`r, sm abs hbkcnlldskc`

Prt`df, abs sdkc o`d `dl`n Ofdkj buh a`l _kjsdtz

ula `dl` z`rormkc`l` Y`dlhfbskc` o`sttdit`.

Pnsbtz, Pnsbtz, Pnsbtz

Ym of`dot ad` Pnsbtzn`fauli= Ad`s`l [btz w`ra`l

vd`f` bus a` n Nula ` vml Nblhrà Y`rl`r j `ll`l.

Eà`l Nmltbinmri`l un 4 Pcr (ma`r bukc nbf hr-

c`r) wmfft` a`r O@L[@F@_-Kc`h ad` bjtu`ff`l Ubcf`l

cbo`l. @r hcft` bukc a`n [kcdkcthcr`r dl Nbrobkc,

@ndf Pli`r, ad`so`zifdkc mht buh a`l Ubcl5 C`rr

Pli`r, wd` fuht abs I`skcht= Iut fuht `s, sm ad`

Bltwmrt vml @ndf Pli`r. Pla wbrun cbo`l wdr abll

ldkct n`cr Pnsbtz= hrbit` Nblhrà Y`rl`r lbkc.

@ndf Pli`r wusst` abrbuhcdl lbtrfdkc ldkct sm r`kct,

wbs `r sbi`l smfft` ula cbt sdkc skcfd `fdkc vmri`lmn-

n`l, buh ad`s` Hrbi` jlhtdi bla`rs zu bltwmrt`l.

Bfs sdkc Nblhrà Y`rl`r abll abs lkcst` Nbf `rjul-

adit`, wbr @ndf Pli`r vmro`r`dt`t5 Aurkcwbkcs`l,

C`rr Y`rl`r, bltwmrt`t` a`r [kcdkcthcr`r. [`dl

Kc`h sbc dcl hrbi`la bl. Ydss`l [d`, C`rr Y`rl`r,

`rjfrt` @ndf Pli`r, cbo`l wdr vd`f I`skcht, abll

sdlas zu w`ldi Fùt, cbo`l wdr w`ldi I`skcht, abll

sdlas zu vd`f Fùt. Ab cbt Nblhrà Y`rl`r iìrdlst

ula dst w`dt`riìbli`l.

Bl`jamt`l

Nbrobkc

o`rlbcn` a`r Hdrnb [aaùtskc`[tbcfrmcr- ula Nbskcdl`lobu dl Bsp`riula O`zui a`r _un`: Dltìrbtdml dlad` O@L[@F@_ _mcrt`kcldj InoC

2490

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Ad` Omi`l`r Q@KCLM KMFM_-I`skcdkct` r`dkct ods dl abs Ebcr

2434 zurkj. Abnbfs stbrt`t` a`r O`trdò ndt sdò`l O`skch-

tdit`l. Bfs O@L[@F@_ vd`r Ebcr` spt`r `dlstdì, dlv`std`rt`

ad` Hdrn`lirupp` lbkc ula lbkc dl ar`d nma`rl` Blfbi`l

zur Lbssfbkjd`ruli. [`dt ?771 `rw`dt`rt ad` Wfbsnb-Xbjuun-

O`skcdkctuli (WXA) abs Bliòmt. o`r 277 N`lskc`l jmnn`l

cùt` Qbi hr Qbi zur Bro`dt dl ad` Orulh`fastrb` 9 dl a`r

Omi`l`r I`n`dla` Hurtc dn Ybfa.

Nifdkc, abss `s a`n vd`f`l Irl rula un a`l Omi`l`r [tbla-

mrt i`skcufa`t dst, eà`lhbffs wdra Pnw`ftskcutz o`d Q@KCLM

KMFM_ iblz irmi`skcrdò`l. Buhhffdist`s [ynomf dst ad`

cmkcnma`rl` rì`l`rbtdv` Lbkcv`ror`llulisblfbi`. [d` smrit

ldkct lur abhr, abss o`d a`l O`skcdkctulisvmrili`l `ltst`-

c`la` [kcbastmhh` ldkct dl ad` Fuht i`fbli`l. Ad` Blfbi` v`r-

orbukct aurkc ad` _kji`wdlluli vml Yrn` bukc `rcòfdkc

w`ldi`r @l `rid` bfs c `rjnnfdkc` tc`rndskc` X`ror`llulis-

blfbi`l. Ad` irm`l O`nculi`l un ad`

Pnw`ft sdla bukc a`n Hr`dstbbt Oby`rl

ldkct `ltibli`l. @r z`dkcl`t` ad` Q@KCLM

KMFM_ ?77? smibr ndt a`n Oby`rdskc`l

Pnw`ftpr`ds bus.

Ndt irm`r [mrihbft ula vd`f @libi`n`lt smri`l

ad` Q@KCLM KMFM_-Ndtbro`dt`r abhr, abss ad`

Omi`l`r @rhmfisi`skcdkct` lmkc fbli` w`dt`r-

i`ct. Ndttf`rw`df` rwdrtskcbht`l sd` i`n`dlsbn

`dl`l ecrfdkc`l Pnsbtz vml o`r 27 Ndffdml`l

@urm. Pla bukc w`ll Q@KCLM KMFM_ s`dt s`dl`l

Blhli`l nkctdi i`wbkcs`l dst, ad` Btnmspcr`

dst hbndfdr iòfdò`l. Xd`f` lù` Jmffì`l sdla

[cl`, Qkct`r ma`r @c`pbrtl`r bjtu`ff`r ma`r

hrc`r`r Q@KCLM KMFM_-Ndtbro`dt r. Xd`ff`dkct

dst bukc ad`s Q`df a`r ldà`roby`rdskc`l [``f`.

Ofbu-w`d` I`skcdkct`5

O@L[@F@_ dn ldà`robyrdskc`l Omi`l

Y`r ad` ld à`robyrdskc` [``f` j`ll`lf `rl`l nkct `,

smfft` lbkc Omi`l r`ds`l. [blht skcfli`ft sdkc ad`

Amlbu dl [dkctw`dt` a`r Dll`lstbat aurkc H`fa`r ula

kj`r. Xmn Omi`lo`ri irt ad` Whbrrjdrkc` Nbrd

Cdnn`fhbcrt, ad` o`fdòt`s Ud`f hr Ybla`r`r ula

Ybffhbcr`r dst . Pla un ad` Jdrkc ` c`run `rdll`rt bf f`

vd`r Ebcr` `dl Xmfjsh`st abrbl, abss abs w`fto `jbllt`

Nbrj`lz`dkc`l a`s Hr`dstbbts Oby`rl bus Ldà`roby-

`rl stbnnt5 ad` ofbu-w`d` _but`.

Dl ad`s`r Dayff` zwdskc`l Lbtur ula Orbukctun dst

ad` Q@KCLM KMFM_ Mo`rhfkc`lv`rà`fuli abc`dn.

Y`ldi` Jdfmn`t`r vmn Omi`lo`ri `lth`rlt o`skcdkct`t

ad` Hdrnb Julststmhht`df` hr ad` Nmtmrrba- ula Butm-

nmodfdlaustrd`, @f`n`lt` hr ad` Nàdzdlt`kcldj ula

Obut`df` hr Cbuscbftsi`rt`. [`dt

244; dst abs Plt`rl`cn`l Q`df

a`r O@L[@F@_-Hdrn`lirupp`.

Y`rjshcruli

Omi`l

24372497 2447 ?777 ?727

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15/53

[kcl``kcbms dn Ydlt`r ?77 0 / ?778

Lbkc stbrj`l [kcl``hff`l wura` dn Hòrubr ?778 a`r Fblajr`ds [trbu-

odli-Omi`l zun Jbtbstrmpc`liòd`t `rjfrt. Qmll`lskcw`r arkjt` bukc

a`r [kcl`` buh abs Abkc vml Q`kclm Kmfmr dl Omi`l, abs wmcf ldkct n`cr

fbli` stblai`cbft`l ctt`. Ad` I`skchtshcruli st`fft` ad` Wrmaujtdml dl

ula skcdkjt` ad` Ndtbro`dt`r lbkc Cbus`. Amkc ad` jbn`l busi`rst`t ndt

[kcl``skcbuh`fl ula bla`r`l _uni`rt`l zurkj ula cbfh`l Hù`rw`cr

ula QCY o`dn _un`l a`s Abkc`s. Ydr cbo`l uls s`fost i`r`tt`t, sm

a`r skcfdkct` Jmnn`ltbr bus a`r O`fìskcbht. Lbkca`n ad` @dlsturzi`hbcr

i`n`dlsbn boi`w`la`t wmra`l wbr, lbcn`l ad` Ndtbro`dt`r ad` Wrmauj-

tdml wdà`r buh. Pn `dl`l Oblastdffstbla o`d `dl`n Jula`l zu v`rn`da`l,

clit`l sd` hr`dwdffdi ad` v`rfmr`l` [kcdkct dl a`r Lbkct arbl.

X`rc`drbt`t o`d Q`kclm Kmfmr

O`d Q`kclm Kmfmr bro`dt`l 3 @c`pbbr` dn Plt`rl`cn`l, t`dfw`ds` i`n`dl-

sbn bl a`rs`fo`l Blfbi`. Abs fdìt bo`r ldkct abrbl, abss o`d Q`kclm Kmfmr

o`smla`rs c`htdi i`hfdrt`t wdra ula amrt @c`l bliòbclt w`ra`l. @s dst

`c`r bla`rsrun5 Hr mhh`l` [t`ff`l `rcbft`l wdr vd`f` O`w`rouli`l

vml X`rwblat`l uls`r`r Ndt bro`dt`r ula ò`l bukc vml @c`pbrtl`rl,

o`rdkct`t Y`rjsf`dt`r [v`l Wb`tmw. Abndt cbo`l wdr s`cr iut` @rhbcrul-

i`l i`nbkct. Abc`r st`ff`l wdr bukc i`rl` @c`pbrtl`r `dl.

Xml Ybffhbc rt`l ula jdrkcfdk c`n [ì`l

@la` a`r 37`r-Ebcr` stbla`l irm` Q`df` a`r O`vfj`-

ruli vml Omi`l a`r Blsdàfuli vml a`r Qmkct`rhdrnb

Q`kclm Kmfmr n`cr bfs sj`ptdskc iì`lo`r. Dl `dl`r

dl a`r _ìdml ld` ab i`w`s`l`l Hmrn nbkct` `dl`

Ori`rdldtdbtdv` iì`l ad` X`rbro`dtuli vml [tmhh`l

buh a`n I`n`dlaìòd`t nmodf, ad` ad` Pnw`ft skc-

adi`l jll`l. @dl Cc`puljt a`r Wrmt`sto`wìuli

wbr `dl` Odt tprmz`ssdml ndt H`stim tt`sad`lst buh a`l

Omi`lo`ri. o`r ?7 Ebcr` spt`r sdla bff` Oà`lj`l

flist z`rstrùt. Pla hr ad` lù` Bofuhtr`dldiulis-

blfbi` sp`la`t` ?774 a`r Omi`l`r Whbrr`r smibr a`l

jdrkcfdkc`l [ì`l.

Bl`jamt`l

Omi`l

Wfbluli ula Obu a`r O`trdòs-run` dl a`r [t`dlo`dsstrb`:@dlzui a`s N`tbffobu

2493 94

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722

?9[QBLAM_Q@


16/53

?

;

?

2 1

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3

9

8

ctt` bff`s iblz `dlhbkc s`dl jll`l. Amkc abll jbn zulkcst

bff`s bla`rs. @dl Bft`di`ltn`r, a`n ods 2408 `dl Q`df a`s

Y`rjsi`fla`s i`crt`, trbt buh a`l Wfbl ula st`fft` _kjo `r-

trbiulisblsprukc, bff`radlis hr abs i`sbnt` I`fla`.

Abll lafdkc jmllt` O@L[@F@_ dl`l Q`df a`s I`fla`s, a`r Cbf-

f`l, Blfbi`l ula Nbskcdl`l a`r Obrjbs InoC o`rl`cn`l ula

bl if`dkc`r [t`ff` abs Mo`rhfkc`lo`skcdkctulisz`ltrun (MUH)

irla`l. Ndt Obrjbs cbt abs cùtdi` Plt`rl`cn`l bff`radlis ldkct

vd`f n`cr i`n`dlsbn bfs ad` Bar`ss`. A `ll ndt O@L[@F@_ ula

Nblhrà Y`rl`r jbn`l ad` ltdi`l Dlv`stdtdml`l, un abs Y`rj

w`tto`w`rosh cdi zu nbkc`l ula ad` i`n`dls bn`l Da``l h r

`dl O`skcdkctulisz`ltrun hr ad` Butmnmodfzufd`h`rdlaustrd`

unzus`tz`l. Uw`dst`ffdi` Ndffdml`lo`tri` sdla s`dta`n dl abs

I`fla` i`hfmss`l. o`r ad` Ebcr` `ltstbla `dl` Blfbi` zur Wuf-

v`ro`skcdkct uli, `dl ` w`dt`r` hr L bssfbkjo`skcdk ctuli, `dl`

lù` JQF-Blfbi`, abll lmkc `dl` Blfbi` hr Lbssfbkjo`skcdkc-

tuli. ?772 jbn skcfd`fdkc ad` @ltirbtuli

abzu, ad` skcl`ff zu dl`n wdkctdi`l [tbla-

o`dl a`s Hrblj`lo`ri`r [tblamrts wura`.

Ydr cbo`l s`cr abvml prmhdtd`rt, abss wdr

uls o`d a`r tc`rndskc`l @ltirbtuli vd`f`s

vml a`l Nbrobkc`r Jmffì`l boskcbu`l

jmllt`l ula abss abs Cyarbufdjrdli-Y`rj dn

lbc`l Fdnobkc (spt`r [d`n`ls, cùt` Kmltdl`ltbf)

`dl`l Wbrtl`r hr ad` @KN-O`bro`dtuli lùbrtd-

i`r @dlsprdtzpunp`lt`df` sukct`, `rjfrt Nff`r

rkjofdkj`la ad` rbskc` ula `rhmfir`dkc` @lt-

wdkjfuli a`r @ltirbt uli ula `f`jtrmkc` ndskc`l

Hmrniòuli dl Hrblj`lo`ri.

Ad` [tbat dn Uskcmpbutbf i`crt ndttf`rw`df`

zu a`l wdkctdist`l [tblamrt`l a`r O@L[@F@_-

Hdrn`lirupp`. Xd`ff`dkct `dl [ynomf hr ad` irm`

Oàùtuli a`s Y`rjs hr abs I`sbntult`rl`c-

n`l5 ?779 wura`l bus MUH ad` O@L[@F@_ [bkcs`l

InoC ula ad` O@L[@F@_ O`skcdkctuli`l [bkcs`l

InoC. _ula 107 W`rsml`l `rbro`dt`l cd`r cùt`

;0 Wrmz`lt a`s Irupp`l-Pnsbtz`s vmr bff `n ndt

Buhtri`l bus a`r Butmnmodfdlaustrd`.

Y`rjshcruli

@dl` aùtskc-aùtskc` @rhmfisi`skcdkct`

Ad` [tbat Hrblj`lo`ri cbt O`lzdl dn Ofut. Cd`r irl-

a`t` a`r AJY-Wdmld`r Eri`l [jbht` _bsnuss`l 24?;

ad` Hrblj`lo`ri`r Nmtmr`lw`rj` (HrbNm), abnbfs

lmkc bfs N`tbffw`rj` Hrblj`lo`ri/[bkcs`l. [pt`r

wura` cd`r dn X@O Obrjbs-Y`rj` a`r fì`lar` O2777

iòbut. Pla s`dt 2441 o`skcdkct`t ula `ltirbt`t

O@L[@F@_ buh a`n `c`nbfdi`l Obrjbs-I`fla` Obu-

t`df` hr ad` Butmprmaujtdml. @dl` aùtskc-aùtskc`

@rhmfisi`skcdkct`.

Abo`d sbc `s skcml sm bus, bfs s`d ndt a`r Y`la` abs

@la` a`s Butmnmodfstblamrts Hrblj`lo`ri i`jmnn`l.

A`r vmfjs`di`l` O`trdò wura` dl ad` Obrjbs InoC

uni`wbla`ft, ula ad` Qrùcbla sukct` `dl`l Dlv`s-

tmr. Ar. Ydfhrdà Nff`r, lbkc a`r Y`la` Y`rjsf`dt`r

dn Hrblj`lo`ri`r Y`rj ula cùt` I`skchtshcr`r,

cbtt` O@L[@F@_ skcml bfs

nifdkc`l lù`l Dlv`stmr

busi`nbkct. Pla bukc Nbl-

hrà Y`rl`r cbtt` o`r`dts `dl

Bui` buh abs Hrblj`lo`ri`r

Y`rj i`wmrh `l. Dlsmh `rl

Hrblj`lo`ri

24372497 2447 ?777 ?727

?722

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?4[QBLAM_Q@


17/53

Cmkcwbss`r ?77?

Dn Buiust v`rursbkct`l stbrj` _ì`lhff` vmr bff`n dl Mst-

aùtskcfbla dl` Lbturjbtbstrmpc`, ad` bfs Ebcrcula`rt-

hfut dl ad` I`skcdkct` dliìbli`l dst. Bukc abs Hfsskc`l

Uskcmpbu wura` zur r`d`la`l Hfut ula o`rskcw`nnt`

irm` Q`df` vml Hrblj`lo`ri. Bfs bozus`c`l wbr, abss

abs Ybss`r bukc abs O@L[@F@_-Y`rjsi`fla` o`rhfu-

t`l wra`, v`rsukct`l bn Bo`la lmkc `dldi` Jmffì`l,

zu skctz`l ula zu r`tt`l. Amkc abs Cmkcwbss`r stdì

odll`l jrz`st`r U`dt ods buh 287 kn. A`l Ndtbro`dt`rl

ofdò lur ad` Hfukct dl ad` cc`r`l @tbi`l. [d` nusst`l

abll bn lkcst`l Nmri`l p`r Cuoskcrbuo`r `vbjud`rt

w`ra`l. Dl `d l`n lb c` i`f ì`l`l Iòua` rdkct`t ` ad `

I`skchtshcruli bn Qbi abrbuh `dl` Blfbuhst`ff` `dl, un

Jula`l ula Uufd`h`r`r smwd` o`r`dts ad` Buhrun- ula

_`pbrbturbro`dt`l zu jmmradld`r`l. Ad` Hfut idli ula a`r

[mll`lskc`dl jbn. A`r zurkjof`do`la` [kcfbnn armct`

cbrt wd` O`tml zu w`ra`l, `rdll`rt sdkc Hrbu Bu`robkc.

Ndt vd`f @dlsbtz cbt ad` i`sbnt` O`fìskcbht, t`dfw`ds` ndt

[kcl``skcdò`rl o`wbhhl`t, ad` Cbff`l i`suo`rt. Abndt

cbtt` ad` Jbtbstrmpc`, ad` dlsi`sbnt `dl`l [kcba`l vml

3 Ndffdml`l @urm bn O@L[@F@_-[tblamrt v`rursbkct`,

bukc `twbs Wmsdtdv`s5 Ad` Fùt` cbo`l tmff

zusbnn`li`cbft`l. Ad` Hfut cbt ad` Nbllskcbht

zusbnn`li`skcw`dt.

Qrbadtdml

Mowmcf Hrblj`lo`ri rst s`dt 2441 dl O@L[@F@_-[tblamrt dst, dst r a`r

[tblamrt ndt a`r flist`l Qrbadtdml. 24?8 irla`t`l amrt ad` Iòra`r

_bsnuss`l, ad` Irla`r a`r o`jbllt`l AJY-Nbrj`, ad` HrbNm, ad` Hrbl-

j`lo`ri`r Nmtmr`lw`rj` N`tbffw`rj` [bkcs`l, bfs Uufd`h`ro`trdò hr a`l

Butmnmodf- ula Nmtmrrbac`rst`ff`r AJY ula zur @di`lh`rtdiuli vml Wjw

ula Jf`dltrblspmrt`rl. Lbkc a`n Jrdì wura` a`r O`trdò bfs vmfjs`di`-

l`r O`trdò w`dt`ri`hcrt. 2482 jbn a`r Jf`dltrblspmrt`r Obrjbs O2777

buh a`l Nbrjt, a`r s`cr `rhmfir`dkc buh a`n e`tzdi`l O@L[@F@_-I`fla`

iòbut wura` ula hr a`ss`l Wrmaujtdml ods zu 2.?77 Ndtbro`dt`r o`skch-

tdit wbr`l. Ndt a`r Y`la` wura` a`r O`trdò ult`r Hcruli a`r Qrù-

cbla dl ad` Obrjbs InoC uni`wbla`ft. A`r lù` O`sdtz`r a`s OB_JB[-

[tbnnw`rj`s dl Kc`nldtz cbtt` bla`r` Wfl`, ula sm rmfft` a`r f`tzt`

Obrjbs O2777 bn 27. Bprdf 2442 vmn Obla. Y`rjsf`dt`r hr ad` [tblamrt`

Hrblj`lo`ri ula abs lbc` i`fì`l` Cbdldkc`l wbr s`dt 2447 Ar. Ydfhrdà

Nff`r, cùt` I`skchtshcr`r vml O@L[@F@_ [bkcs`l. [kcml 2447 hbsst`l

Nblhrà Y`rl`r ula `r ad` `rst`l Wfl` hr ad` Uujulht. Amkc Pljfbrc`d-

t`l o`d a`r _`prdvbtdsd`ruli zmi`l a`l Lùblhbli dl ad` Fli`. Bfs ad`

O@L[@F@_-Qmkct`r ult`r a`n Lbn`l MUH 2441 dcr` Bro`dt buhl`cn`l

jmllt`, o`stbla abs Q`bn un Ar. Nff`r lmkc bus ?0 Ndtbro`dt`rl.

Bl`jamt`l

Hrblj`lo`ri

O`zui a`r Wrmaujtdmlsrun` U`pp`fdl-strb` ?3 ula Dlo`trdòlbcn` a`r rst`lBlfbi` hr ABK_MN@Q-O`skcdkctuli dlAùtskcfbla

2493

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2447 ?777 ?727

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;2[QBLAM_Q@


18/53

;

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2 1

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3

9

8

st`c`l, w`ra`l butmnbtdskc dl `dl`l Uwdskc`lpuhh`r v`rhrbkc-

t`t. Bla`r` i`fbli`l vml amrt dl `dl`r mptdnd`rt`l @dlhbcr-

_`dc`lhmfi` dl ad` zw`dr`dcdi` Xmro`cblafuli i`tr`llt lbkc

[tbcf ula Bfundldun, ad` dl [trbli D o`bro`dt`t w`ra`l, ula

Nbil`sdun, hr abs [trbli DD r`s`rvd rt dst. Blskcfd``la i`ct

`s dl ad` JQF ula, hbffs vmn Jula`l i`wlskct, adr`jt w`dt`r

zur Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli.

_ula 9 Ndffdml`l @urm wura`l dlv`std`rt. A`r Fmcl5 dl` cmkc-

nma`rl` ula stbrj butmnbtdsd`rt` Blfbi`, ndt a`r ad` Buhtri`

vmr bff`n a`r Butmnmodfdlaust rd` `hhdzd`lt ula zu nbrjthcdi`l

Wr`ds`l o`bro`dt`t w`ra`l jll`l. J`rlstkj a`s dlt`ffdi`lt`l

Y`rjs ds t `dl kmnput`ri `sttzt`s Wrmaujtd mlspfblul is- ul a

-stù`rulissyst`n (WW[). @s `ltskc`da`t buh Irulafbi` a`r

Jula`lt`rndl` ula a`r Busfbstuli dn Y`rj, zu w`fkc`n U`dt-

puljt w`fkc` Ybr` dl w`fkc`l O`r`dkc a`r H`rtdiuli jmnnt

ula smrit abhr, abss ad` Jula`l zur rdkctdi`l U`dt dcr`

h`rtdi`l Q`df` `rcbft`l. A`r [tbrt ad`s`r

Blfbi` wbr hr O@L[@F@_ `dl `kct`r

Rublt`lspruli. Ad` Rubfdtt a`r O`br-

o`dtuli dst s`cr cmkc, ula dl a`r Jmnod-

lbtdml vml JQF- ula Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli

i`crt abs Y`rj zu a`l Nbrjthcr`rl.

Bukc w`ll ad` Butmnbtdsd`ruli cd`r irm-

i`skcrdò`l wdra, sdla ad` `libid`rt`l 217

Ndtbro`dt`r ldkct w`ldi`r wdkctdi. Aurkc ad`

t`kcldskc` Jmnpf`xdtt ula ad` vmr- ula lbkc-

i`fbi`rt`l Wrmz`ss` sdla sd` ndt dcr`n unhbss`l-

a`l Jlmw-cmw i`hmra`rt. Ad` Lc` zun Jula`l

dst bukc cd`r aurkc ad` Fbi` bl `dl`n X`rj`crs-

jlmt`lpuljt iblz wrtfdkc zu s`c`l. Ad` Jula`l

skctz`l a`l Fmidstdjvmrspruli. Jmrlw`stc`dn

cbt ò`l W`rsp`jtdv` rìdmlbf ula t`kcldskc.

Jmrlw`stc`dn5 [tblamrt ndt W`rsp`jtdv`

Jmrlw`stc`dn cbt W`rsp`jtdv`, hdla`t O@L[@F@_.

Blhbli a`s ?2. Ebcrcula`rts stbla abs Plt`rl`c-

n`l vmr a`r @ltskc`dauli, bfs @rsbtz hr ad` v`rbf-

t`t` Blfbi` zur Jbtcmadskc`l Qbukcfbkjd`ruli (JQF)

bn [tbnnsdtz Nbrjirldli`l `dl` Hbordj dn Ldà-

rdifmcl-Busfbla zu obu`l ma`r dl Aùtskcfbla lbc

o`d a`l O@L[@F@_-Jula`l `dl` lù`, nma`rl` H`r-

tdiulissttt` zu skcbhh`l. O@L[@F@_ ltskcdà sdkc

hr ad` Lc` zun Jula`l ula hr abnbfs `twb 97

Bro`dtspftz` dl a`r _ìdml [tuttibrt. Bfs [tblamrt

wcft` ad` H drnb Jmrlw`st c`dn. Odll`l s`kcs Nmlb-

t`l ltstbla`l ad` H`dlpfbluli ula abs Whfdkct`lc`ht.

Pla lur lùl Nmlbt` spt`r, dn Nbd ?771, oìbll

a`r O`trdò.

Buh a`n Y`rjsi`fla` dst stladi O`wìuli. _mc-

wbr` `rcft o`dn @dlt r`hh`l

dn Y`rj `dl Obrkma`-@tdj`tt

ula hcrt aurkc `dl` butm-

nbtdskc` @dlskcfùsstbtdml

dl abs Cmkcrìbffbi`r. Q`df`,

ad` jurz vmr a`r O`bro`dtuli

Y`rjshcruli

Jmrlw`stc`dn

24372497 ?777 ?727

?722

9

;;[QBLAM_Q@


19/53

Irdff`l ndt @di`ldldtdbtdv`

Hrc`r wbr`l o`d O@L[@F@_ i`n`dlsbn` Irdff-

h`st` o`d a`l Ndtbro`dt`rl s`cr o`fdòt. [d` wur-

a`l n`dst`ls aurkc jf`dl` @dllbcn`l hdlblzd`rt,

ad` nbl lò`lc`r nbkct`, w`ll zun O`dspd`f `dl

Jula` jbn, a`r `dl`l `dlz`fl`l Nmtmrrbarbcn`l

o`skcdkct`t cbo`l wmfft`. Dn Hrcebcr cbt nbl

ad` Irdffh`st-Qrbadtdml dl Jmrlw`stc`dn wdà`r

buhfò`l fbss`l. Bff`radlis cbo`l ad`snbf bff`

if`dkc`rnb`l o`di`trbi`l, bukc a`r Bro`dti`-

o`r O@L[@F@_, o`tmlt a`r O`trdòsf`dt`r. Ad`

Ndtbro`dt`r cbo`l Hf`dskc ula [bfbt` ndtiòrbkct,

abs 1O-Q`bn, abs sdkc un ad` Ndtbro`dt`rdltì-

rbtdml jnn`rt, cbt hr zw`d Irdffs i`smrit. Ndt

_kjsdkct buh ad` Nmsf`ns ult`r a`l Ndtbro`d-

t`rl ibo `s j`dl [kcw`dl`hf`dskc. Bff`s cbt iut

i`jfbppt, lur abs Y`tt`r nbkct` ldkct sm iblz

ndt. Ad` Ndtbro`dt`r cbtt`l trmtza`n [pb ula

wbr`l oì`dst `rt. [d` h rù`l sdkc o`r`dts buh abs

Irdffh`st dn lkcst`l Ebcr.

Od`r dst ldkct if`dkc Od`r

O`d O@L[@F@_ dst skcml fbli` j`dl Bfjmcmf dn O`trdò n`cr `rfbuot, ula

ad` Ndtbro`dt`r cbft`l sdkc abrbl. Lur dl a`l 2437`r-Ebcr`l hd`f `s lmkc

`twbs skcw`r. Uw`d Ndtbro`dt`r nbkct`l `dlnbf o`rstula`l, w`df `dl Mh`l

o`mobkct`t w`ra`l nusst`, dl a`n `dl Q`df st`kjt`, abs ldkct o`r 2;7

Irba rcdtzt w`ra`l aurht`, bo`r twb dl`dlcbfo [tula`l dn Mh`l of`do`l

nusst`. Lò`lc`r o`skchtdit`l sd` sdkc ndt Ybrtulisbro`dt`l vd`f wbr

ldkct zu tul. A`scbfo v`rt`dft`l sd` `dl` Hfbskc` Od`r buh zw`d Ifs`r ula

st`fft`l `dl` f``r` Hfbskc` bfjmcmfhr`d`s Od`r abzu. Bfs mo sd` `s i`bclt

ctt`l, jbn a`r Wrmaujtirupp`lf`dt`r abzu, sbc ad` Od`rhfbskc` ula hrbit`,

mo r bukc `dlnbf prmod`r`l jll`. Lbtrfdkc, sbit`l ad` Ndtbro`dt`r ula

omt`l dcn tbph`r dcr` Ifs`r bl. Amkc a`r C`rr ltskcdà sdkc bli`sdkcts

a`s @tdj`tts bfjmcmfhr`d bla`rs. L`dl, sm `dl Od`r trdlj` dkc ldkct. Abs

skcn`kjt ldkct, sbit` `r. A`n wmfft` ld`nbla wda`rspr`kc`l.

_bvdmfd hr a`l Kc`h

@dl pbbrnbf emoot`l ad` o`da`l Qkct`r vml Nblhrà

Y`rl`r dl a`l H`rd`l o`d O@L[@F@_ dl a`r H`r tdiuli.

Ad` Ndtbro`dt`r wusst`l zulkcst ldkct, abss sd` `s

ndt a`l Qkct`rl a`s Kc`hs zu tul cbtt`l, jbn`l bo`r

obfa abcdlt`r. [kcfd`fdkc hrbit`l sd` ad` Nakc`l, ad`

oèbct`l Eb, C`rr Y`rl`r dst uls`r Xbt`r. Bfs `s

spt`r dn I`sprkc ult`r a`l Ndtbro`dt`rl abrun

idli, wbs `s zu Cbus` zun Bo`la`ss`l iò`l wra`,

l`kjt` nbl Nblhrà Y`rl`rs Qkct`r ula hrbit` sd`,

wbs sd ` hr a`l Xbt`r jmkc`l wra`l. Ad` `dl` blt-

wmrt`t` j`k j5 Dkc nbkc` dc n `dl` Ams` _bvd mfd buh.

Bl`jamt`l

Jmrlw`stc`dn

Buhlbcn` a`s Qc`rndskc`l@ltirbtv`rhbcr`ls (Q@N) bn[tblamrt Nbrjirldli`l,U`pp`fdlstrb` ?3

2494

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722


20/53

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722

[QBLAM_Q@

07 y`brs mh `xdst`lk` mh O@L[@F@_ prmv`s bfr`bay oy dts`fh tcbt tc` kmnpbly wbs

t o d t t a tc d f t h dt f t ff


21/53

[QBLAM_Q@_KJOFDKJ &

BP[OFDKJX@_HBC_@L

BNBLABNDQB_O@DQ@_

strmli oy bl bpprmprdbt` nblbi`n`lt bla tc` dlvmfv`n`lt mh dts p`rsmll`f tm bffmw

tc` kmnpbly tm idv` sbtdshbktdml tm dts kustmn`rs, p`rsmll`f bla scbr`cmfa`rs, kml-

trdoutdli bfsm tm tc` a`v`fmpn`lt mh dts rìdml.

Bs ABK_BF, lmw LMH N`tbf Kmbtdlis @urmp`, D kbl mlfy sp`bj mh tc` a`v`fmpn`lt mh

suokmltrbktdli ousdl ss dl tc` prmt`ktdml mh snbff n`tbffdk pbrts bla hbst`l`rs, lmt

hmr tc` mtc`r O@L[@F@_ irmup bktdvdtd`s a`v`fmpà prmir`ssdv fy. Yc`l

Nblhrà O@L[@F@_ dl tc` s`v`ltd`s wbs wdffdli tm a`v`fmp cds ousdl`ss oy

`lt`rdli dl tc` suokmltrbktdli mh bltdkmrrmsdv` prmt`ktdml mh hbst`l`rs hmr

butmnmtdv` ousdl`ss, w` prmpmsà cdn tm am dt wdtc ABK_MN@Q, hdrst

zdlk hfbj` kmbtdli, eust dlv`ltà oy mur irmup. Dt wbs pmssdof` o`kbus` dl

tc` s`v`ltd`s mur irmup cba da`ltdhdà bl dlkr`bsdli a`nbla mh butmnmtdv`

dlaustry tm dnprmv` arbstdkbffy tc` prmt`ktdml mh tc`dr hbst`l`rs bla snbff

n`tbffdk dt`ns wcdkc w`r` bt tcbt tdn` prmt`ktà dl f`ktrmzdlkpfbtdli wdtc

b wda` adsp`rsdml mh r`sufts idvdli b fmt mh trmuof` ml kbrs. O@L[@F@_ wbs

ml` mh tc` pdml``rs tm a`v`fmp ABK_MN@Qtr`btn`lt bla kmltrdoutà tmoudfa tc` l`k`ssbry l`twmrj mh bppfdkbtmrs, dlv`stdli dl tc` rdict n`bls

wc`l l`àà bla kmltrd outdli strmlify t m tc` kmlstrukt dml mh tc` r`qudrà

l`twmrj mh fdk`ls``s dl mra`r tm prmvda` kbr nbj`rs wdtc sbn` qubfdty

blywc`r` ml butmnmtdv` prmauktdml pfbk`s. Qc` adskussdml mh tcds pbrtl`r-

scdp stbrtà tm nbj` b odi st`p hmrwbra wc`l Nblhrà Y`rl`r bkqudrà O@L[@F@_

ousdl`ss bla ibv` ABK_MN@Qousdl`ss a`v`fmpn`lt tm Nr I`crdli.

B kmnpbly sukk`ss kbllmt xdst wdtcmut n`l mh kmurs` wcm cbv` tm o` suppmrtà oy

scbr`cmfa`rs. Out, wdtcmut vdsdml bla nblbi`n`lt f`ba`rscdp, dt ds adhhdkuft tm i`t

kmltdlumus r`sufts bla prmir`ss. Oy tc`dr kbpbodfdty tm oudfa b t`bn wcdkc fdst`ls aby

oy aby tm kustmn`rs a`nbla, kmltdludli tm r`dlhmrk` pbrtl`rscdp. Pltdf lmw, pbrt-

l`rscdp xp`rd`lk` wbs lmt bfwbys bsy, out mur nutubf kmlhda`lk` wbs tc` j`y hmr

sukk`ss. O@L[@F@_ ula`rstmma tcbt a`v`fmpn`lt ds nmr` hhdkd`lt wc`l ymu wmrj dl

b l`twmrj mh kmnpbld`s wcdkc ordlis ymu, out ymu cbv` tm idv`. D bn v`ry tcbljhuf

bla bppr`kdbtà b fmt wmrjdli wdtc Nblhrà Y`rl`r, _mfbla I`crdli, fbt`r Odridt

Y`rl`r-Ybfz bla tc`d r kmff bomrbtdml tm cbv ` suppmrt à us wc`l w` cba tm kcbli`

arbstdkbffy hmr butmnmtdv` dlaustry hrmn ABK_MN@Qtm b lml-kcrmn` prmaukt tc`

I@MN@Q j``pdli dt wbt`r-obsà.Qm a`v`fmp b l`w arbstdkbffy adhh`r`lt t`kclmfmiy

ds ml` tcdli, o`dli sukk`sshuf tm dlaustrdbfdz` dt tm sbtdshy butmnmtdv` dlaustry ds blm-

tc`r stmry. Ydtcmut kfms` kmmp`rbtdml mh O@L[@F@_ bla mtc`r j`y fdk`ls``s dt wmufa

lmt cbv` o``l h`bsdof`.Qcds ds sukc kmltdlubtdml mh pbrtl`rscdp tcbt w` br` xp`ktdli

hrmn O@L[@F@_, tm o`tt`r blsw`r tm tc` hutur` a`nbla mh mur nbdl `la us`r, tc`

Butmnmtdv`.

Ny o`st wdsc`s br` tcbt wcbt w` `stbofdscà aurdli nmr` tcbl ;7 y`brs wdff kmltdlu`

bla O@L[@F@_ cbs lm r`bsml tm lmt o` sukk`sshuf dh cbvdli bfwbys dl ndla tcbt r`bf

kmnpbld`s bss`ts br` tc` n`l.

Ndkc`f Hmur`z, Wrsda`lt Adr`ktùr Ilrbf, LMH N`tbf Kmbtdlis @urmp` [. B.

07 Ebcr` O@L[@F@_ , 07 Ebcr` Hdrn`li`-

skcdkct`, ad` wdr vml a`r Y@DA@NBLL Cya-

rbufdj InoC s`dt 2494 bfs Jula` oìf`dt`l.

Ad`s`s Euodfun dst bukc hr uls `dl Irula, buh

ad` vd`f`l Ebcr` a`r iut`l Uusbnn`lbro`dt

zurkjzuofdkj`l. Ydr v`rodla`l ndt a`r O@L[-

@F@_ InoC dllmvbtdv`s Cdict`kc-@ltirbt`l,

uloàdlit` Jula`lmrd`ltd`ruli ula oàblj`l

uls hr ad` odsc`rdi` l`tt` ula hrùlafdkc`

Uusbnn`lbro`dt.

Hr ad` lkcst`l 07 Ebcr` wlskc`l wdr

a`n Plt`rl`cn`l w`dt`rcdl ad` o`jbllt`

Uujulhtsmrd`ltd`ruli, zuhrdà`l` Jula`l ulaa`l abndt `dlc`ri`c`la`l @rhmfi.

@rdk Y`da`nbll, I`skchtshcruli, Y`da`nbll InoC

A`r @rhmfi vml O@L[@F@_ o`ruct buh a`r Hcdij`dt, skcl`ff

prbinbtdskc` Fsuli`l zu i`l`rd`r`l, ula buh a`r Uuv`rfs-

sdij`dt dl a`r Pns`tzuli.

Hr ad` Uujulht wlskc` dkc Dcl`l abs rdkctdi` I`spr hr

ad` Blhmra`ruli`l a`s Nbrjt`s ula ad` Jrbht, Dcr` Da``l

unzus`tz`l.

Eri`l C`rrnbll,

F`dtuli Q`bn F`dkctn`tbff- ula @ds`liuss, Abdnf`r BI,

Dkc skctz` o`smla`rs, abss O`ls`f`r o`r vd`f`

fbliecrdi` Ndtbro`dt`r v`rhit, ad` a`n Plt`r-

l`cn`l lò`l @rhbcrulisw`rt`l bukc a`lKcbrn` dl`s Hbndfd`lo`trdòs rcbft`l cbo`l.

Ybs dkc a`n P lt`rl`cn`l hr ad` l kcst`l 07

Ebcr` wlskc`= Xd`fskcdkctdi of`do`l, ld` a`l

Blskcfuss bl lù` Q`kclmfmid`l v`rfd`r`l, ula bo

ula zu bukc nbf adkj buhtrbi`l.

Ar.-Dli. Cbls-Eri Cutc, Dli`ldùrorm Cutc

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722

;4_KJOFDKJ


22/53

A`r Hbndfd`lult`rl`cn`r cbt o`r I`l`rbtdml`l cdlwì abs Ymcf a`s Plt`rl`c-

n`ls dn Bui`. Nblbi`r a`lj`l ndt w`ldi`l Buslbcn`l jurzhrdstdi`r. Bfs pmsdtdv

cbo` dkc ad` [yst`nbtdj `nphula`l, ad` dkc bus a`n irm`l Jmlz`rl ndtiòrbkct

cbo`. O`d O@L[@F@_ wura` abnbfs vd`f`s bus a`n Obukc c`rbus `ltskcdà`l mcl`

`dl` I`sbntstrbtìd`. Y`ll `dl Plt`rl`cn`l wbkcs`l smff, dst `s bo`r lmtw`ladi,

o`r a`l Q`ff`rrbla cdlbuszuskcbu`l.

Pn `dl Plt`rl`cn`l `rtrbir`dkc zu hcr`l, orbukct nbl Da``l, iut` Wrmaujt` ula

o`smla`rs iut` Ndtbro`dt`r. A`scbfo wbr hr uls dnn`r wdkctdi , lbc bn Ndtbro`dt`r zu

s`dl. Hr ad` Plt`rl`cn`lshcruli c`dt abs, Ndtbro`dt`r dladvdau`ff zu hcr`l, buh

dcr` sp`zd`ff`l Oàrhldss` ula Kcbrbjt`r` `dlzui`c`l ula X`rtrbu`l buhzuobu`l.

Pls`r` Ndtbro`dt`r wdss`l, abss sd` sdkc bukc dl skcwd`rdi`l U`dt`l buh uls v`rfbss`l

jll`l. Ldà`ri`skcrdò`l cbo`l wdr ad`s` Y`rt` blhblis ld`. Ydr cbo`l sd` vmr-

i`fòt. Lur abll jll`l ad` Ndtbro`dt`r sd` oìr`dh`l ula o`rl`cn`l. E` ir`r

abs Plt`rl`cn`l wdra, a`stm sdllvmff`r dst `s, Y`rt` ula F`dtfdld`l buhzuskcr`do`l.

Pls`r Cbuptprmof`n dst ad` [unn` a`r Xmrskcrdht`l, ad` wdr `dlcbft`l smff`l.

Ydr nss`l ulzcfdi`l stù`rf dkc`l, r`kctfd kc`l, unw`ftt`k cldskc`l ula smlstd i`l

Xmrskcrdht`l i`r`kct w`ra`l. J`dl Plt`rl`cn`r jbll cd`r lmkc a`l o`rofdkj

o`cbft`l. Cd`r s`c` dkc hr ad` Wmfdtdj `dl`l irm`l Cblafulisoàbrh. @s idot,

w`ll dkc abs rdkct di w`d, dl Aùts kcfbla o` r 877.777 Bro`d tsi`rdkct sprmz`ss`

prm Ebcr. Ybrun idot `s `di`ltfdkc sm vd`f`= Y`df wd` dl vd`f`l bla`r`l O`r`dkc`l

jfbr` Xmrskcrdht`l h`cf`l.

[d` sdla 243; o`d O@L[@F@_bfs i`skchtshcr`la`r I`s`ffskcbh-

t`r `dli`stdì`l. Abvmr wbr`l [d` dl

f`dt`la`l Wmsdtdml`l dl irm`l Plt`r-

l`cn`l ttdi, ult`r bla`r`n o`d

Omskc. Ym s`c`l [d` ad` Plt`rskcdà`=

Cùt` dst dn Uusbnn`lcbli ndtHbndfd`lult`rl`cn`l vd`f vml Y`rt`l

ad` _à`. Cbtt`l [d` abnbfs skcml

smfkc` Y`rt` ula F`dtfdld`l=

Dl a`l f`tzt`l Ebcr`l wdra a`r

Ndtt`fstbla vml Wmfdtdj`rl i`rl` bfs

_kjirbt a`r Ydrtskcbht o`z`dkcl`t.

Ybs jll t` ad` Wmfdtdj hr a d` Hbnd-

fd`lult`rl`cn l tul=

Nblhrà Y`rl`r

Dlt`rvd`w

Adpf.-Jhn. Nblhrà Y`rl`rtrdtt bfs i`skchtshcr`la`rI`s`ffskcbht`r dl abs Plt`r-l`cn`l `dl

243;

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12_KJOFDKJ


23/53

Dlaustrd`fbkjd`ruli`l dl Orbdljmh`l. Dkc odl ld` uljbfjufd`robr` _dsdj`l dliìbl-

i`l, bo`r cdl ula wdà`r tr`t`l ulvmrc`ri`s`c`l` @r`dildss` `dl, ndt a`l`l nuss

nbl abll h`rtdiw`ra`l. Bn wdkctdist`l dst, o`d bff`l @ltskc`dauli`l ad` _dsdj`l

dn X`rcftlds zu a`l Wmt`lzdbf`l bozuwi`l.

Dkc ifbuo`, s dst f`dkct`r hr ndkc bfs hr dl`l bli`st`fft l I`skchtshcr`r ma`r

Nblbi`r. @dl Nblbi`r dst n`dst`ls vml cùt` buh nmri`l ldkct n`cr `rwlskct,

smobfa `r dl a`l _uc`stbla i`ct. A`r Orukc hdla`t vml `dl`n Qbi buh a`l bla`r`l

stbtt. Dkc odl a`n Plt`rl`cn`l dnn`r lmkc v`roula`l, mowmcf dkc e`tzt skcml

98 odl. N`dl` Qmkct`r ula dkc cbft`l iut`l Jmltbjt ula spr`kc`l o`r ad` Adli`,

ad` dn Plt`rl`cn`l pbssd`r`l. Dkc ndskc` ndkc zwbr bfs O`drbtsvmrsdtz`la`r ldkct

dl abs Qbi`si`skcht `dl, jbll bo`r amkc dn `dl`l ma`r bla`r`l Hbff _bt iò`l.

N`dl` Xdsdml wbr `di`ltfdkc skcml dnn`r, dls Busfbla zu i`c`l. Amkc wdr cbo`l

`dl`l `ltskc`da`la`l Lbkct`df5 Ydr cbo`l j`dl` `di`l`l Wrmaujt`. Y`ll wdr dls

Busfbla idli`l, nsst`l wdr o`d uls`r`l dlv`stdtdmlsdlt`lsdv l X`rhbcr`l sdkc`r

s`dl, abss a`r Oàbrh hr uls`r` F`dstuli bukc wdrjfdkc vmrcbla`l dst. Ad`s` [dkc`r-

c`dt idot `s ldkct. A`scbfo dst ad` `di`ltfdkc` Xdsdml, `twbs zu hdla`l, wbs uls

ulboclidi`r nbkct. Jf`dl` [kcrdtt` sdla wdr abo`d skcml vmrbli`jmnn`l. N`cr

H`rtdiulistd`h`, `dl v`ror`dt`rt`s Wrmirbnn, lù` X`rhbcr`l ula vmr bff`l Adli`lRubfdtt i`c`l dl ad` rdkctdi` _dkctuli. Ad` irm` Da`` h`cft lmkc, bo`r abhr sdla

e`tzt bla`r` v`rbl twmrtfdk c. Dkc odl sd kc`r, sd` w`ra`l `dl`l Yì hdla`l.

Ndttf`rw`df` hcrt Dcr` Qmkct`r adÌ`skcht`. Yd` hcft nbl sdkc, w`ll

nbl bl ad` lbkchmfi`la` I`l`rbtdml

o`ridot= Hfft `s skcw`r, fmszufbss`l=

Ym s`c`l [d` ad` Uujulh t hrO@L[@F@_ dl a`l lkcst`l 07 Ebc-

r`l= Ymcdl jllt` ad` _`ds` i`c`l=

Ndr wbr`l dnn`r ad` N`lskc`l bn fdòst`l, ad` jrdtdskc cdlt`rhrbi`l, ndta`lj`l ula sdkc jmlstruj-

tdv dlordli`l. Adsjussdml l sdla hr ndkc wdkctdi, bff`radlis ldkct un a`r Adsjussdml wdff`l. Dkc cbo`

j`dl` U`dt, ndkc stula`lfbli o`r `dl Qc`nb zu ult`rcbft`l, mcl` abss `s `dl @riòlds idot. Adsjus-

sdml`l nss`l hr ndkc zu @ltskc`dauli`l hcr`l. O`d Omskc cbo`l wdr abnbfs vmn Ori`fhbjtmr

i`sprmkc`l. Abs oàùt`t`, adsjutd`r`l mcl` @riòlds, `twbs sbi`l, abndt `twbs i`sbit wura`.

Abs wbr ad` _ì`fuli a`r Lbkchmfi`. @s wbr `dl` s`cr lìbtdv` ula `dl` s`cr pmsdtdv` @rhbcruli

if`dkcz`dtdi. A`r Plt`rl`cn`lsirla`r Nblhrà O`ls`f`r dst 2433 bus a`n Plt`rl`cn`l busi`-

skcdà`l. Lbkc a`n Busstdì `dl`s Dlv`stmrs 2441 cbo` dkc bff` Blt`df` o`rlmnn`l ula zulkcst

13 Wrmz`lt n`dl`l Jdla`rl o`rtrbi`l. Abnbfs wbr dkc 87 ula i`sulac`dtfdkc bli`skcfbi`l. N`dl`

Qmkct`r Odridt cbt sdkc smhmrt o`r`dt `rjfrt, dl a`l O`trdò zu jmnn`l, bff`radlis wbr sd` ndt dcr`r

Busodfauli lmkc ldkct h`rtdi. [d` cbt ndr bo`r ndt ad`s`r spmltbl`l @ltskc`dauli dl` irm` Hrùa`

i`nbkct. Dkc cbo` abll `dl`l I`skchtshcr`r i`sukct. A`r `dl`, a`r zu uls pbsst`, idli wdà`r. Ndt

a`l lkcst`l Jbladabt`l cbtt`l wdr irm`s W`kc. F`tztfdkc nusst` dkc abs Plt`rl`cn`l w`dt`rcdl

bff`dl` hcr`l. Abs wbr `dl` c`ro` @lttuskculi. Bo`r bo a`n Ebcr ?777 cbtt` dkc abll abs irm`

Ifkj, ndt n`dl`r Qmkct`r zusbnn`l bro`dt`l zu jll`l.

@s i`ct dnn`r uns o`rfò`l. Bfs Jrdìsjdla ula bus rnfdkc`l X`rcftldss`l jmnn`la, idli `s

hr ndkc st`ts abrun, zu o`rfò`l. Abhr nuss nbl dnn`r lbkc vmrl` skcbu`l. 2434 cbtt`l wdr

dn Nbrjirldli`r Y`rj `dl`l Irmorbla ndt `dl`n [kcba`l vml `twb sdò`l Ndffdml`l Nbrj. ?77?wbr`l wdr dl Hrblj `lo`ri vmn Ebcrcula `rtcmkcwbss`r o `trmhh`l. Am rt `ltstbla `d l lmkc cc`r`r

[kcba`l. Ydr cbo`l smibr Wf`dt`l `rfòt ula o`rfòt wd` ?770 o`d a`r Bjquds` a`r Hdrnb I`di`r

Ndt w`fkc`l N`lskc`l sdla [d` bn

o`st`l zur`kcti`jmnn`l=

Y`fkc`s wbr dl Dcr`n Fò `l bfs

Plt`rl`cn`r ad` irt` C`rbushmr-

a`ruli=

Yd` sdla [d` ndt _dsdj `l ula

_kjskcfi`l uniìbli`l=

Irlauli Hdrnb Nms`r-@ltirbtulis BI dl Qcrdi`l/[kcw`dz (Wrmaujtdmlsstbrt`rst 2431)

243;

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722

1;BP[OFDKJ


24/53

ula KAs, bo`r Adbs ula [kcbffpfbtt`l. Abs Q`f`hml

stbla o`dn Kc`h ula dl s`dl`n Xmrzdnn`r. Cbl-

ays, ad` dl `dl` Cblatbskc` pbss`l, `rskcd`l`l

jbun vmrst`ffobr. Adidtbf`s H`rls`c`l, Hbkòmmj

ula Tmutuo` wbr`l Uujulhtsnusdj. Cùt` dst abs

bff`s s`fostv`rstlafdkc. Ad` Buswdrjuli`l a`r

adidtbf`l _`vmfutdml buh ad` I`s`ffskcbht, ad` Pl-

t`rl`cn`l ula a`l @dlz`fl`l sdla i`wbftdi. Pla

ad` @ltwdkjfuli i`ct dl rbs`la`n Q`npm w`dt`r.

Y`r sdkc Iàblj `l o`r ad` Uujulh t s`dl`s

Plt`rl`cn`ls nbkct, a`ljt a`scbfo vmr bff`n

abro`r lbkc, wd` sdkc ad` Y`ft, a`r Nbrjt ula

ad` Q`kcldj dl a`l lkcst`l Ebcrz`clt`l w`dt`r-

`ltwdkj`fl w`ra`l. A`r Plt`rl`cn`r nuss Jfbr-

c`dt abro`r i`wdll`l, wd` dcl ad`s` @ltwdkjfuli

o`rcrt ula wd` s`dl` F`dstuli`l ula Wrmaujt`

bukc dl Uujulht bttrbjtdv hr ad` Jula`l of`do`l

ma`r lbkc Nifdkcj`dt lmkc bttrbjtdv`r w`ra`l

jll`l. Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz sd`ct abs iblz lkc-t`rl5 @s r`dkct amkc ldkct bus, buh ad` odsc`rd-

i`l @rhmfisr`z`pt` zu s`tz`l. Ybs cùt` iut ula

i`hrbit dst, jbll eb nmri`l skcml o`rcmft ula

... dst 07 Ebcr` O@L[@F@_ `dl` @rhmfisi`skcdkct`.

Abs Plt`rl`cn`l lul dl abs lkcst` cbfo` Ebcrcul-

a`rt zu hcr`l, bfsm ad` Irulafbi`l hr ad` Y`dt`r`lt-

wdkjfu li z u h`s tdi`l, dst z w`dh`ffm s `dl ` irm ` u la

blsprukcsvmff` Buhibo`. O@L[@F@_ dst hr ad` Iì`l-

wbrt ula hr ad` Uuj ulht iut buhi `st`fft. Abo`d wbr`l

ad` o`da`l v`ribli`l`l Ebcr` wd` o`rbff dl a`r Butm-

nmodfzufd`h`rdlaustrd` ldkct i`rba` `dlhbkc. ?774

ula ?727 wura` vml a`r iblz`l Orblkc` Aurkccbft`-

v`rni`l ul a vd`f Blpbssu lishc dij`dt v`rfbl it. Abs

wdra sdkc bo`r bukc dl Uu julht ldk ct la`rl, a`l l bff`

Plt`rl`cn`l s`c`l sdkc cùt` stladi l ù`l C`rbus-

hmra`ru li`l ula X`rla`ru li`l dl a` r Q`kcl dj, bn

Nbrjt ula dn Y`tto`w`ro busi`s`tzt. Ndt Odridt

Y`rl`r-Ybfz, a`r i `skcht shcr`l a`l I `s`ffsk cbht`-

rdl a`r O@L[@F@_ Cmfadli, sprbkc a`r [tuttibrt`r

Emurlbfdst C`fnut v. [tbkj`fo`ri o`r ad` Iì`lwbrt

ula ad` Uujulht a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls ula o`r dcr`

p`rslfdkc`l @rhmfisr`z`pt`.

Xmr 07 Ebcr`l `xdstd`rt`l wà`r Dlt`rl`t lmkc @-Nbdf,

zundla`st ldkct hr Wrdvbtp`rsml`l. Kmnput`r wbr`l

rd`s`lirm` Pli`tn`. @s ibo lmkc j`dl` Adidtbfjbn`rbs

Yì` dl ad` Uujulht

Dn _kjofdkj ...

Irlaulia`r O@L[@F@_Mltorbbnt`kcld`j,Ldà`rfbla`

2438

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?722

10BP[OFDKJ


25/53

Ydr wmff`l ndt a`l Adli`l, ad` wdr jll`l, lù`l Lutz`l od`t`l.

Lù`l Lutz`l da`ltdhdzd`r`l

O@L[@F@_ v`rhit o`r j`dl` `di`l`l Wrmaujt`. Ad`

J`rljmnp`t lz dst ad` Ad`lstf`dstuli. Ab bl`rj`ll l ad`

Buhtrbiiò`r ad` Jmnp`t`lz, ad` [kcl`ffdij`dt ula Hf`xdod-

fdtt, vmr bff`n dl a`r Irms`rd`. Ad` irt`l Jula`l jmn-

n`l bus a`r Butmnmodfdlaustrd . Bl ad`s`r Busrdkctuli

nkct`l wdr bukc h`stcbft`l, o`tmlt Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz,

a`ll wdr hbcr`l iut abndt ula wdr cbo`l ad` `ltspr`-

kc`la`l Blfbi`l ula Nbskcdl`l. [`fostv`rstlafdkc a`l-

j`l wdr dn Hcrulisjr`ds abro`r lbkc, wd` wdr uls`r`

J`rljmnp`t`lz busobu l ula `v`ltu`ff lù` I`skchts-

h`fa`r `rskcfd``l jll`l, ad` uls `ltwà`r lù` Jul-

a`l ordli`l ma`r bo`r uls`r`l o`st`c`la`l Jula`l `dl`l

N`crw`rt od`t`l, a`l sd` o`dn Y`tto`w`ro ldkct `rcbft`l.

Ydr wmf f`l ndt a`l Adl i`l, ad` wdr j ll`l, lù` l Jul-

a`llutz`l od`t`l.

Bfs `dl ibliobr`r Yì `rskc`dlt o`dspd`fsw`ds` ad` o`r-

lbcn` vmr- ula lbkci`fbi`rt`r Wrmz`ss`. Xd`f` Q`df`, ad`

o`d O@L[@F@_ o`bro`dt`t w`ra`l, aurkcfbuh`l vmrc`rula lbkcc`r [tbtdml`l, ad` hr a`l Ad`lstf`dst`r ò`l-

hbffs dlt`r`ssblt s`dl jllt`l. [d` nss`l zun O`dspd`f

zusbnn`li`hit ma`r i`jfòt w`ra`l. Ad` Hbkcfùt` a`s

Plt`rl`cn`ls prh`l a`scbfo dl eà`n @dlz`fhbff,

dlwd`w`dt ad` Jula`l ad`s` Buhibo`l vd`ff`dkct

busfbi`rl nkct`l ula O@L[@F@_ abhr bfs Wbrt-

l`r buswcf`l jllt`l.

@rst` [kcrdtt` cbo`l wdr dl ad`s`r Cdlsdkct

o`r`dts ndt a`r Hdrnb Abdnf`r i`tbl, `rzcft ad`

Plt`rl`cn`rdl ldkct mcl` [tmfz. Ydr o`skcdkc-

t`l ldkct lur ad` C`kjjfbpp` hr ad` N`rkà`s-

O`lz @-Jfbss`, smla`rl dltìrd`r`l t`kcldskc

blsprukcsvmff` Nmltbi`bro`dt`l. @dl` vmffbutm-

nbtdskc` _momt`rz`ff` ordlit 29 @dlz`ft`df` wd`

[kcbrld`rof kc` ula Ld`tnutt`rl buh. Abndt sdla

wdr buh a`n Yì zu `dl`r [yst`n pbrtl`rskcbh t,

dl ad` wdr uls`r` Wrmz`ssjmnp`t`lz dlordli`l

jll`l. [mfkc` dladvdau`ff`l Wrmof`nfsuli`l

`rnifdkc`l uls bu`ra`n, `dl`l Buhtrbi hr ad`

jmnpf`tt` Nma`fffbuhz`dt o`bro`dt`l zu jll`l.

@dl` w`dt`r` wdkctdi` Buhibo` dst dl ad`s`nUusbnn`lcbli, o`r abs F`dstulissp`jtrun

zu dlhmrnd`r`l ula O@L[@F@_ o`jbllt`r zu

nbkc`l. A`scbfo `libid`rt sdkc abs Plt`rl`cn`l

Q`la`lz zur Lutzuli vml Jbromlhbs`rl od`t`l. Pn skcl` Mo`rhfkc`l zu

`rzd`f`l, wdra cùt` ndt Hmfd`l `xp`rdn ltd`rt. Bo`r sd` ordli`l lmkc ldkct

ad` i`wlskct` Mptdj. Bukc ad`s` Wrmaujt` nss`l bfsm fbkjd`rt w`ra`l.

Ab wdr cd`rzu skcml `dldi` Wrme`jt` dn Cbus cbo`l, w`ra`l wdr bukc o`d

ad`s`n Qc`nb zul`cn`la zu `dl`n i`sukct`l Blspr`kcpbrtl`r hr uls`r`

Jula`l bus a`r Butmnmodfdlaustrd`. O`dn O`skcdkct`l vml Nbil`sdun-

Arukjiuss sdla wdr ad`s`l Yì skcml iìbli`l ula cbo`l uls o`r`dts

a`l _uh `dl`s [p`zdbfdst`l `rwmro`l, a`r a`l cmc`l Blhmra`ruli l a`r

Butmnmodfobu r ula M@Ns i`r`kct wdra. clfdkc rhmfir`dkc sdla wdr ndt

a`r Udljfbn`ff`l-O`skcdkctuli.

Ablj a`r Or`dt` vml X`rhbcr`l, ad` O@L[@F@_ blod`t`t, dst a`l @xp`rt`l

dn Plt`rl`cn`l bfsm ldkct obli`. Bff`radlis w`ra`l ad` @ltwdkjfuli`l

dn Butmnmodfo`r`dkc s`cr i`lbu o`mobkct`t ula `s wdra `dl dlt`lsdv`r

Bustbuskc ndt Jula`l ula Fd`h`rblt`l i`phfìt, abndt abs F`dstulissp j-

trun r`kctz`dtdi bli`pbsst w`ra`l jbll ula O@L[@F@_ zu a`l `rst`l

i`crt, ad` blod`t`l jll`l, wbs dl a`r [`rd`lprmaujtdml iòrbukct wdra.

Abro`r cdlbus skcbut nbl bukc dl bla`r` zujulhtstrkctdi` Orblkc`l, wm

ad` Ad`lstf`dstuli ula abs Hbkcwdss`l a`r @xp`rt`l hr O`skcdkctuli ula

@ltirbtuli sdllvmff bliòmt`l w`ra`l jllt`l. A`r Dlsufdl-W`l ula ad`[kcrbuo`l hr Ydlara`r sdla abhr O`dspd`f`.

`dl Fba`lct`r s`dl. A`r o`stladi` Ybla`f st`fft uls

vmr ad` Buhibo`, eà`l Qbi o`r uls`r odsc`rdi`s Jml-

z`pt cdlbus ula vmrbus zu a`lj`l, uls vmrzust`ff`l,

wbs o`rnmri`l s`dl jllt `. If`dkcz`dtd i nss`l wdr

cd`r ula cùt` `rhmfir`dkc bid`r`l.

Qr`la @f`jtrmnmodfdtt

@dl` irm` _mff` dl a`r Uujulht spd`ft hr bff` Uufd`h`-

r`r ndt [dkc`rc`dt a`r Qr`la zur @f`jtrmnmodfdtt. @r

zwdlit `dl Plt`rl`cn`l wd` O@L[@F@_ abzu, skcml

e`tzt abro`r lbkczua`lj`l, w`fkc` Q`df` bus X`ror`l-

lulisnmtmr`l dl Uujulht wìhbff`l w`ra`l ula w`f-

kc` Q`df` stbtta`ss`l o`bro`dt`t w`ra`l jllt`l hr

ad` Butmdlaustrd` ma`r hr bla`r` Orblkc`l. Pla ldkct

lur abs. O@L[@F@_ nuss sdkc bukc Iàblj`l abro`r

nbkc`l, mo bla`r` X`rhbcr`l ma`r bla`r` Nbskcdl`l

iòrbukct w`ra`l. @dl` skcd`r ulfsobr` Buhibo`=

L`dl, buh j`dl`l Hbff, sbit ad` Plt`rl`cn`rdl, a`ll

wdr cbo`l abs l tdi` Jlmw-c mw amkc skcml bl Omra.@dl` Kcblk` od`t`t zun O`dspd`f a`r Qr`la zun F`dkct-

obu5 Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz hr F`dkctn`tbffiuss dst skcml

uls`r` [p`zdbfdtt. @dl` w`dt`r` Kcblk` jllt` ad`

Irlauli a`s O`t`dfdiulisult`r-l`cn`ls OX M o`rhfkc`lt`kcldjInoC ndt a`r Xmssfmc BI dl

Y`ramcf

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19BP[OFDKJ


26/53

Ydr ni`l N`lskc`l, ad` o`r a`l Q`ff`rrbla cdlbusskcbu`l.

Dlhmrnbtdml`l zu sbnn`fl ula uls ndt bla`r`l zu ult`rcbft`l, ad` a`l

[pruli skcml i`skcbhht cbo`l.

Hcruli, [trbtìd` ula Ndtbro`dt r

Pn bff` Uujulhtsbuhibo`l zu o`wftdi`l, nuss sdkc `dl` Plt`rl`cn`lshc-

ruli o`r abs mp`rbtdv` I`skcht cdlbus ndt strbtìdskc`l Hrbi`l o`hbss`l.

Ndt a`n Buhs`tz`l `dl`s jmltdlud`rfdkc`l [trbtìd`prmz`ss`s ult`r @dlo`-

zd`culi vd`f`r Hcrulisjrht` ula a`r Odfauli `dl`s Nblbi`n`ltt`bns,

dl a`n bff` I`skchtshcr`r zusbnn`li`hbsst sdla, dst abs Plt`rl`cn`l

cd`r mhh`lsdkctfdkc `dl`l irm`l [kcrdtt vmrbli`jmnn`l. Cd`r cbo`l wdr

`dl` Juftur i`hula`l, irupp`lr`f`vblt` Qc`n`l zu o`bro`dt`l ula jll`l

skcl`ff` @ltskc`dauli`l tr`hh`l, un abs Plt`rl`cn`l w`dt`rzu`ltwdkj`fl

ula sdla amkc bff` lbc arbl bn mp`rbtdv`l I`skcht. @dl` i`n`dlsbn`

Ud`frdkctuli dst a`r I`skchtshcr`rdl wdkctdi. Lur sm jll`l wdr `dl jfbr`s

Odfa vml a`r Uujulht `ltwdkj`fl ula bl ad` Ndtbro`dt`r w`dt`riò`l. Abll

zd`c`l bff` bl `dl`n [trbli ula jll`l lù` C`rbushmra`ruli`l n`dst`rl.

Ad` Blhmra`ruli`l bl ad` Ndtbro`dt`r vml O@L[@F@_ w`ra`l dl Uujulht

ldkct jf`dl`r ula ldkct w`ldi`r. Ad` bffi`n`dl` @ltwdkjfuli v`rfblit vmn

Plt`rl`cn`l ula abndt vml a`l Ndtbro`dt`rl dnn`r n`cr Hf`xdodfdttula Blpbssulishcdij`dt. Abs idft hr Bro`dtsz`dt`l ula Buhibo`l, hr

Jmnp`t`lz l ula Hbkcwdss`l. Ad` Jula`l hmra`rl dnn`r n`cr Wrmh`s-

sdmlbfdt t, t`kcldskc `l X`rstbla ula Wrmof`nfsu lisjmnp`t `lz `dl. Ad` Abs Nblbi`n`lt-Q`bn5 Ar. Ydfhrdà Nff`r, Ilt`r Ifz, _mfbla I`crdli, Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz, Ar. Nbtcdbs Ncf`ds`l, Qcmnbs Nff`r

dl t`kcldskc`l L`tzw`rj`l, Orblkc`l- ula Plt`rl`c-

n`rv`rola`l, sukct ad` Jmmp`rbtdml ndt Cmkcskcuf`l

ula Hmrskculisdlstdtut`l, abs dlt`lsdv` I`sprkc ndt

Jula`l ula Fd`h`rblt`l ula nblkcnbf smibr a`l Bus-

tbuskc ndt a`n Y`tto`w`ro. Eb, lbtrfdkc, `rfut`rt

Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz, a`ll mht `rcbft`l wdr i`rba` vml

bu`l Da``l ula Blst`, ad` a`l Dllmvbtdmlsprmz`ss

dn `di`l`l Plt`rl`cn`l o`r`dkc`rl. Bu`ra`n jl-

l`l sdkc abaurkc eb dnn`r wdà`r Nifdkcj`dt`l a`r

Uusbnn`lbro`dt ula Jmmp`rbtdml buhtul.

A`l [kcrdtt dl ad` Y`ft wbi`l

Odsc`r dst O@L[@F@_ ndt a`l [tblamrt`l dl @urmpb

iut i`hbcr`l, amkc dl Uujulht wdra abs Plt`rl`cn`l

bukc dl bla`r`l @rat`df`l vmr Mrt s`dl nss`l, vmr

bff`n dl Bsd`l. Y`ll ad` Jula`l amrtcdl i`c`l, nuss

a`r Uufd`h`r`r dcl`l hmfi`l, abndt `r sd` ldkct bfs Jul-

a`l v`rfd`rt. Dst abs bukc hr O@L[@F@_ `dl` a`ljobr`

Mptdml= Eb, dkc jllt` ndr bukc vmrst`ff`l, abss wdr

dri`lawbll dl Kcdlb, Dlad`l ma`r Qcbdfbla prs`lts`dl w`ra`l. Mo ndt `dl`n `di`l`l Plt`rl`cn`l ma`r

`dl`n Emdlt X`ltur`, jbll dkc e`tzt lmkc ldkct bos`c`l.

Dn Nmn`lt sdla wdr abo`d, a`l Nbrjt blzuskcbu`l,

Irmorbla dl Cbff` ;O dlNbrjirldli`l

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14BP[OFDKJ


27/53

A`hdldtdml`l a`s Bro`dtspfbtz`s sdla nblkcnbf skcwd`rdi ula ndtult`r i`ct

`s `twbs uljmlv`ltdml`ff zu. Abhr jll`l wdr s`cr or`dt` @ltwdkjfulis-

kcblk`l od`t`l, _bun hr @di`ldldtdbtdv` ula Adsjussdmlso`r`dtskcbht. Ydr

ni`l N`lskc`l, ad` o`r a`l Q`ff`rrbla cdlbusskcbu`l.

O@L[@F@_ ula ad` Hbndfd`

Bfs I`skchtshcr`rdl nuss Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz vd`f` Dlt`r`ss`l ult`r `dl`l

Cut ordli`l5 ad` a`r Ndtbro`dt`r, a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls ula a`r @di`ltn`r-

hbndfd`. Abo`d sukct sd` a`l Iàblj`lbustbuskc ndt a`n Hcrulist`bn

ula a`n O`drbt a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls, dl a`n lò`l dcr`n Xbt`r ula dcr`r

[kcw`st`r ar`d w`dt`r` Plt`rl`cn`r sdtz`l. Hr abs Plt`rl`cn`l wbr `s

`dl Ifkjshbff, abss smwmcf Nblhrà O`ls`f`r bfs bukc Nblhrà Y`rl`r a`l

@rhmfi vmrbli`trdò`l cbo`l, n`dlt ad` Plt`rl`cn`rdl5 N`dl Xbt`r wbr

`dl nutdi`r I`skchtshcr`r, a`r skcl`ff` @ltskc`dauli`l trbh, bo`r ld`

f`dkctsdlldi cbla`ft`. Abs Bowi`l vml _dsdj`l ula Kcblk`l bus `dl`n

fblihrdstdi`l Ofdkjwdlj`f dst vd`ff`dkct `c`r `dl N`rjnbf a`s Hbndfd`l-

ult`rl`cn`rs. Bus n`dl`r [dkct z`dit` `s sdkc eà`lhbffs bukc ula i`rba`

dl Jrds`lsdtubtdml`l bfs Xmrt`df, abss abs Plt`rl`cn`l dl Hbndfd`lcbla dst.

Qrmtz a`s Ybkcstuns dl hlh Ebcrz`clt`l jmllt`l wdr a`l Kcbrbjt`r vml

O@L[@F@_ bfs Hbndfd`lult`rl`cn`l `rcbft`l. Abs arkjt sdkc dn @libi`-n`lt hr uls`r` Ndtbro`dt`r bus, dl a`r Y`rtskctzuli hr eà`l @dlz`fl`l,

dn Ydss`l un smzdbf` ula juftur`ff` O`fbli`, bo`r bukc dl a`r Busrdkctuli

a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls buh ad` Uujulht.

_`bjtdmlsz`dt`l w`ra`l dnn`r jrz`r. Abs oàùt`t

hr eà`l `dlz`fl`l o`d O@L[@F@_ ò`lhbffs `xtr`n`

Hf`xdodfdtt ula st`tdi` Y`dt`rodfauli. E` ir`r abs

Plt`rl`cn`l wdra, a`stm w`s`ltfdkc`r rskc`dlt s,

Wrmz`ss` zu stblabradsd`r`l ula z`ltrbf` O`r`dkc` wd`

W`rsmlbf`ltwdkjfuli, Y`dt`rodfauli, Ud`f`rr`dkculis-

juftur ula I`sulac`dtsnblbi`n`lt zu hra`rl. Ad`s

bff`s sdla lò`l dllmvbtdv`r Q`kclmfmid` wdkctdi`

Uujulhtsbuhibo`l, abndt wdr bukc w`dt`rcdl iut` ula

nmtdvd`rt` Ndtbro`dt`r cbo`l.

Lmkcnbfs buh ad` skcwd`rdi`l zw`d Ebcr` bli`sprm-

kc`l, sbit Odridt Y`rl`r-Ybfz ndt irm`r o`rzù-

iuli5 Pls`r` Ndtbro`dt`r cbo`l dl a`r v`ribli`l`l

Jrds` o`wd`s`l, abss sd` zun Plt`rl`cn`l st`c`l.

Pni`j`crt dst `s hr ndkc ula ad` iblz` Dlcbo`rhbndfd`

s`fostv`rstlafdkc, zu uls`r`l Ndtbro`dt`rl zu st`c`l.

Bukc w`ll cdl ula wdà`r cbrt` Nblbcn`l ltdi

wbr`l, un abs Plt`rl`c n`l zu o`wbcr`l, hcf`l

uls`r` Ndtbro`dt`r ad` [dkc`rc`dt, abss wdr ad` hdlbl-zd`ff` Ir` ula [trj` cbo`l, un abs Plt`rl`cn`l

dn Hbndfd`lo`sdtz zu cbft`l. Ad` Dlhrbstrujtur `dl`s

Irmult`rl`cn`ls jll`l wdr ldkct od`t`l, i`lbu`

Buad Fd`h`rblt`l-busz`dkcluli

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28/53

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[QBLAM_Q@

Abs hf`xdof` ula jurzhrdstdi` Cbla`fl buh Jula`l-

wlskc` skctzt H@[QM bl a`r Hdrn b O@L[@ F@_


29/53

[QBLAM_Q@_KJOFDKJ &

BP[OFDKJX@_HBC_@L

BNBLAB

NDQB_O@DQ@_

Bfs Bkkmultnblbi`r o`d a`r OB[H Kmbtdlis InoC

o`trù` dkc s`dt a`n Ebcr 244; v`rskcdà`l`

Y`rj` vml O@L[ @F@_. Dkc s kctz` o`d O @L[@F@_

dlso`smla r` ad` dnn`r sbkcfdkc` Bobro`dtuli vml

bjtu`ff`l Qc`n`l ula Wrmz`ss`l ula ad` hbdr`

pbrtl`rskcbhtfdkc` Uusbnn`lbro`dt. @dl` jfbr

strujturd`rt` ula syst`nbtdskc` Xmri`c`lsw`ds`sdla bus n`dl`r [dkct dl`r a`r Obust`dl` hr a`l @rhmfi vml O@L[@F@_.

Dkc wlskc` Dcr`n Plt`rl`cn`l hr ad` Uujulht vd`f @rhmfi, ula dl`l w`dt`r`l prmhdtbof`l

Busobu Dcr`r Nbrjtblt`df`. Ydr hrù`l uls buh `dl` w`dt`rcdl iut` Uusbnn`lbro`dt.

Ndkcb`f _m`tc`n`y`r, Butmnmtdv` M@N Kmbtdlis [mfutdmls, OB[H Kmbtdlis InoC

Ad` I`skchtsf`dtuli smwd` ad` i`sbnt` O`fìskcbht a`r

b.d.n. InoC irbtufd`r`l a`r O@L[@F@_ O`skcdkctuli`l

InoC & Km. JI zun 07-ecrdi`l Hdrn`leuodfun ula

oàblj`l sdkc hr ad` iut` odsc`rdi` Uusbnn`lbro`dt.

O@L[@F@_ dst hr uls dl vd`f`l Ebcr`l a`r Uusbnn`l-

bro`dt dl v`rfssfdkc`r Wbrtl`r i`wmra`l, a`r zun rdkc-

tdi`l U`dtpuljt dl a`r rdkctdi`l Rubfdtt ula [tkjzbcf

uls`r [mrtdn`lt o`skcdkct`t. Bukc o`d lù`l Wrmaujt`ldst O@L[@F@_ hr uls st`ts `dl jr`btdv`r, buhi`skcfms-

s`l`r Wbrtl`r, a`r ndt uls i`n`dlsbn lbkc Fsuli`l

sukct. O`smla`rs cmkc skctz`l wdr ad` @dlsbtzo`r`dt-

skcbht ula Uuv`rfssdij`dt a`r Ndtbro`dt`r dl [dtubtd-

ml`l, dl a`l`l wdr skcl`ff`, uljmnpfdzd`rt` Cdfh` ula

Plt`rsttzuli o`ltdi`l. I`rba` ad`s` Uuv`rfssdij dt

ula Hf`xdodfdtt iì`lo`r Jula`l nbkct ndt [dkc`rc`dt

a`l @rhmfi vml O@L[@F@_ bus.

Hr ad` lkcst`l 07 Ebcr` wlskc`l wdr a`n Plt`rl`c-

n`l vmff` Buhtrbisokc`r, nmtdvd`rt` Ndtbro`dt`r ula

zuhrdà`l` Jula`l. Pls i`n`dlsbn wlskc`l wdr bukc

w`dt`rcd l `dl` sm iut` , prmof`nfms ` Uusbnn`lb ro`dt.

@o`rcbra Nbyr, I`skchtshcr`la`r I`s`ffskcbht`r, b.d.n. InoC,

J`rstdl Adttrdkc, Wrmjurdstdl, b.d.n. InoC

O@L[@F@_ cbt trmtz s`dl`r bls`clfdkc`l Ir` abs

Qht`fl ldkct v`rf`rlt ula o`rrbskct s`dl` Jul-

a`l ula s`dl` Jmljurr`lt`l dnn`r wdà`r ndt

dllmvbtdv`l Wrmaujt`l ula Da``l. Ad`s`r Wdmld`r-

i`dst, i`pbbrt ndt ult`rl`cn`rdskc`n Nut ula a`r

`rhmra`rfdkc`l Y`dtsdkct abs nbkct ad` [trj` vml

O@L[@F@_ bus.

Abss ad` Da``l ldkct busi`c`l ni`l. Pla ad` Jrbht,

ad`s` Da``l rbskc dl nbrjthcdi` Wrmaujt` unzu-s`tz`l. Abs wlskc` dkc O@L[@F@_, abs wlskc`

dkc bo`r bukc a`n Fblajr`ds Fuawdisouri, a`r buh

Xmrz`diùlt`rl`cn`l wd` O@L[@F@_ ldkct v`rzdkc-

t`l jbll bfs Nmtmr a`r c`dndskc`l Ydrtskcbht, bfs

Bro`dtiò`r ula [tù`rzbcf`r.

Ar. C`dlz-Y`rl`r [kcuft`,

Xmrsdtz`la`r a`s Xmrstblas, Jr`dsspbrjbss` Fuawdisouri

o`smla`rs.

Ydr wlskc` l O@L[@F@_ , aurkc stlad i` Y`dt`r-

`ltwdkjfuli ula abs @dlhcr`l vml lù`l X`rhbc-

r`l bukc dl Uujulht hr s`dl` Jula`l w`dt`r bl

ad` @rhmfi` bljlph`l zu jll`l.

O`rla Ofutcbrat,

Hbkct`bn [B ula Jf`dls`rd` X`ltdf`, H`stm BI & Km. JI

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o`rsdkct X`rhbcr l

00X@_HBC_@L


30/53

Q@N, @KN, CAY, _[_

@W[, JQFLF, WXA

Q@N

I@MN@Q @W[, JQF, LF

I@MN@Q ,A@FQB NJ[ , UDLQ@J, Bnmribfv

Q@N@KN, Q@N

Ndt Mo`rhfkc`l o`skchtdit sdkc O@L[@F@_ s`dt lul-

n`cr 07 Ebcr`l. Dl uls`r`l ar`d I`skchtso`r`dkc`l

v`rà`fl ula o`bro`dt`l wdr sd` hr ckcst` Blsprkc`

bl Mptdj, Cbptdj ula Q`kcldj.

Mo`rhfkc`lo`bro`dtuli nbf ;

I`skchtso`r`dkc 2

MribldskcÒ`skcdkctuli`l

[tblamrt`5

O@L[@F@_ O`skcdkctuli`l,

Jmrlw`stc`dn

O@L[@F@_ O`skcdkctuli`l

[bkcs`l, Hrblj`lo ri

O@L[@F@_ [bkcs`l,

Hrblj`lo`ri

Q`kclm Kmfmr, Omi`l

Wrmaujtirupp`l5

- Jbtcmadskc`

Qbukcfbkjd`ruli (JQF)

- f`jtrmstbtdskc`

Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli (@W[)

- Lbssfbkj (LF)

- Wfbsnb-Xbjuun-

O`skcdkctuli (WXA)

I`skchtso`r`dkc ?

Blmribldskc`[kcutzsyst`n`

[tblamrt`5

O@L[@F@_

Mo`rhfkc`lt`kcldj,

Nbrjirldli`l

OX Mo`rhfkc`lt`kcldj,

Y`ramcf

Q`kclmfmid`l5

[kcttiut

I`st`ff-Qbukc-[kcfùa`rl

[prdtzt`kcldj

- I@MN@Q

- A@FQB NJ[

- UDLQ@J

- Bnmribfv

I`skchtso`r`dkc ;

@ltirbt`l

[tblamrt`5

O@L[@F@_ @ltirbtuli`l,

Nbrobkc / Cbttdli`l

O@L[@F@_ [bkcs`l,

Hrblj`lo`ri

Nms`r @ltirbtulis BI

KC-Qcrdi`l

Wrmaujtirupp`l5

- Qc`rndskc`s @ltirbt`l

(Q@N)

- @f`jtrmkc`ndskc`

N`tbffo`bro`dtuli (@KN)

- Cmkcarukjwbss`rstrbcf-

@ltirbt`l (CAY)

- Dlaustrd`ff` Q`df`r dldiuli

(_[_)

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I`skchtso`r`dkc 2

09X@_HBC_@L


31/53

Jbtcmadskc` Qbukcfbkjd`ruli

Ad` Jbtcmadskc` Qbukcfbkjd`ruli (JQF) dst `dl `f`jtrm-

kc`ndskc`r Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz, o`d a`n ad` Q`df` dl

Qbukcoa`rl o`skcdkct`t w`ra`l. [d` ad`lt cuhdi bfs

Irulad`ruli hr cmkcw`rtdi` Wufv`r- ma`r Lbssfbkj`.

Abs X`rhbcr`l dst o`smla`rs unw`fthrùlafdkc, ab bfs

Fsulisndtt`f a`ndl`rbfdsd`rt`s Ybss`r `dli`s`tzt

wdra ula ad` Fbkjbusoùt` `xtr`n cmkc dst. Abo`d sd la

[kcdkctadkj`l vml 20 n ods ;0 n nifdkc.

@f`jtrmstbtdskc` Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli

Ad` Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli dst `dl unw`ftskcml`là`s, fs`ndtt`fhr`d`s, uldv`rs`ff

`dls`tzobr s O`skcdkctulisv`rhbcr l, ndt a`n smwmcf t`kcldskc` O`skcdkctul-

i`l zu Jmrrmsdmlsskcutzzw`kj`l bfs bukc a`jmrbtdv` Mo`rhfkc`l `rzùit w`r-

a`l jll`l. Abs `f`jtrmstbtdskc ma`r trdomstbtdskc buhi`fba`l` Wufv`r wdra buh

ad` vmro`cbla`ft`l ula i`trmkjl`t`l Q`df` bppfdzd`rt. O`dn blskcfd``la`l @dl-

or`llprmz`ss wdra abs Wufv`r zu `dl`n Fbkj ndt c`rvmrrbi`la`l @di`lskcbht`l

v`rl`tzt. W ufv`rfbkj` s dla h`st ` O`skcdkc tulisnbt`rd bfd`l ula `rzùi`l wc-

r`la a`s O`skcdkctulisprmz`ss`s wà`r Fs`ndtt`f`ndssdml`l lmkc Bowss`r.

A`r ult`r Ydà`rv`rw`lauli a`s Mv`rsprbys cmc` Buhtrbiuliswdrjulisirba

`rzùit `dl i`rdli`s Bohbffbuhjmnn`l.

Mribldskc` O`skcdkctuli`l

Lbssfbkjd`ruli

Dn Plt`rskcdà zur @f`jtrmstbtdskc`l Wufv`ro`skcdkctuli dst

ad` Lbssfbkjd`ruli bukc hr Julststmhht`df` i``dil`t, ad` o`d-

spd`fsw`ds` dn Dll`lrbun vml Butms `dli`s`tzt w`ra`l. A`r

Fbkj wdra dl a`r i`wlskct`l Hbro` ndtcdfh` vml _momt`rl

ula [prcpdstmf`l buhi`trbi`l. Xmr a`r Fbkjd`ruli w`ra`l ad`

Q`df` ndt ult`rskcdàfdkc`l Xmro`cblafuli`lsv`rhbcr`l i`r`d-

ldit. Lbkc a`n n`crskcdkctdi`l Fbkjbuhtrbi wdra ad`s`r dn

Mh`l i`trmkjl`t. O@L[@F@_ jbll aurkc ad` Xd`fhbft ula Hf`xd-

odfdtt a`r Blfbi`l dl prbjtdskc eà`r i`wlskct`l Hbrolublk`

ula Cbptdj fbkjd`r`l.

Wfbsnb-Xbjuun-O`skcdkctuli

Xmr bff`n zur X`rzd`ruli dst ad` Wfbsnb-Xbjuun-

O`skcdkctuli (WXA) i`hrbit. [d` wdra dn A`sdilo`r`dkc

o`dspd`fsw`ds` stbtt `dl`r X`rkcrmnuli `dli`s`tzt.

O`d a`r WXA jmnnt abs zu o`bro`dt`la` Obut`df dl

`dl` Xbjuunjbnn`r. Amrt c`rrskct `dl Bro`dtsarukj

vml 7,772 Ndffd obr. Uur `di`ltf dkc`l WXA wdra ad`

Xbjuunjbnn`r ndt `dl`n Ibs o`hfft. Cuhdi wdra

abhr Briml dl X`rodlauli ndt N`tcbl, @tcdl ma`r

[tdkjstmhh dli`s`tzt. Dl ad`s`n [yst`n w`ra`l lul

smi`lbllt` N`tbff-Qbri`ts ndt Dml`l o`skcmss`l, `s

`ltst`ct `dl cmkcr`bjtdv`s Wfbsnb. Bus ad`s`n Wfbsnb

c`rbus skc`da`t sdkc buh a`l Obut`df`l `dl` s`cr all`

N`tbffskcdkct bo: ad` jbll dn allst`l Hbff o`d lur

7,; n fdì`l. Uustzfdkc wdra abll bfs [kcutzskcdkct

lmkc `dl Jfbrfbkj buhiòrbkct.

Q@N wbr dl Ndtf`da`lskcbht i`zmi`lwmra`l ula a `scbfo Pn zui a`rO@L[@F@_ @ltirbtuli`l InoC lbkcNbrobkc b. L., Nbx-@ytc-[trb` 8

2447

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?722

B d c [ c

I`skchtso`r`dkc ?

04X@_HBC_@L


32/53

Blmribldskc` [kcutzsyst`n`

Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli

@dl` Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli nbkct o`rbff amrt

[dll, wm N`tbff` dn Bfftbi o`smla`r`l Ydtt`rulis-

oàdliuli`l busi`s`tzt sdla ula a`scbfo iì`l Jmr-

rmsdml i`skctzt w`ra`l nss`l. Ndt a`r rdkctdi`l

Obs`kmbt (Obsdsfbkjd`ruli) ula Qmpkmbt (A`kjskcdkct)

`rcbft`l zun O`dspd`f [kcrbuo`l a`l lmtw`ladi`l

Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz ula ad` rdkctdi` _`douliszbcf, un

`hhdzd`lt ula sdkc`r v`rbro`dt`t zu w`ra`l. O`d a`n

dl a`l 2497`r-Ebcr`l `ltwdkj`ft`l X`rhbcr`l w`ra`l

o`smla`rs all` o`rzi , ad` bus Udlj- ula Bfund-

ldunfbn`ff`l dl `dl`r blmribldskc`l Nbtrdx o`st`c`l,

buh I`wdla`t`df` ula bla`r` N`tbfft`df` buhiòrbkct ula `dliòrbllt. Ad` Udlj-

fbn`ff`lo skcdkctuli o`sdtzt `dl` Adkj` zwdskc`l 0 n ula ?7 n. Abs `lt-

sprdkct 7,770 nn ozw. 7,7? nn. Lbkc a`r O`skcdkctuli w`ra`l ad` o`cbl-

a`ft`l Q`df` i`trmkjl`t, iòrbllt ula blskcfd``la ndt a`r `ltspr`kc`la`l

Qmpkmbt v`rs`c`l.

O@L[@F@_ dst dl`r a`r w`ldi`l Ad`lstf`dst`r, ad` ar`d v`rskcdà`l` X`rhbc-

r`l hr ad` Udljfbn`ff`lo`skcdkctuli blod`t`l jll`l. E` lbkc @dlor`ll-

t`np`rbtur ula zu o`cbla`fla`l Q`df`l od`t`l wdr I@MN@Q(wbss`robsd`-

r`la`s Allskcdkct-Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz-[yst`n), A@FQB NJ[ula UDLQ@J

(mribldskc` fs`ndtt`fobsd`r`la` Allskcdkct-Jmrrmsdmlsskcutz-[yst n`) bl.

Udlj-Qc`rnmadhhusdml

Bfs lù`st`s blmribldskc`s O`skcdkctulissyst`n od`-

t`l wdr `dl sp`zd`ff`s Udlj-Qc`rnmadhhusdmlsv`rhbcr`l

ndt BNM_IBFXbl. Ad` [kcdkctadkj` o`trit abo`d

kb. 20 n dljfusdv` `ltspr`kc`la`r Qmpkmbt, ula ad`

O`stladij`dtsw`rt` fdì`l cc`r bfs ad` a`r Udlj-

fbn`ff`lsyst`n`. Ad` O`skcdkctuli wdra dl a`r _ì`f

o`d N`tbfft`df`l bli`w`la`t, ad` dn @dlsbtz `xtr`n`l

Jmrrmsdmlso blsprukculi l ult`rfdì`l.

Jbuh dl`s Q`dfs a`r c`nbfdi`l AA_-Obrjbs-Y`rj` vml a`rQrùcbla ula Irlauli a`r MUH Mo`rhfkc`lo`skcdkctulisz`ltrunInoC & Km. dl Hrblj`lo`ri/[bkcs`l ndt a`l Wrmaujto`r`dkc`l JQF,Lbssfbkj (LF) ula @W[ ndt abnbfs ?0 Ndtbro`dt`rl

2441

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?722

I`skchtso`r`dkc ;

@ltirbtuli`l

82X@_HBC_@L


33/53

Qc`rndskc` @ltirbtuli (Q@N)

Ybs pbssd`r t, w`ll nbl `dl cmkc`xpf msdv`s Ibs-

i`ndskc ult`r ;77 obr Arukj s`tzt ula abll zla`t=

@s jmnnt zu `dl`r jurz`l, bo`r c`htdi`l @xpfmsdml

ndt Q`np`rbturspdtz`l ods zu ;.777 Irba K`fsdus. Ybs

i`hcrfdkc jfdlit, dst `dl` a`r zuv`rfssdist`l Brt`l,un Irbt` bl Y`rjstkj`l sdkc`r zu `lth`rl`l. @s cbl-

a`ft sdkc un ad` Qc`rndskc` @ltirbtuli (Q@N), ad`

vml O@L[@F@_ bl a`l [tblamrt `l Nbrobkc, Hrblj`l-

o`ri ula Cbttdli`l eà`l Qbi qubfdhdzd`rt aurkci`hcrt

wdra. Ad` X`ror`lluli a`r Irbt` pbssd`rt dl w`ldi`l

Ndffds`jula`l. Qrmtz a`r irm`l Cdtz` dl a`r cyarbu-

fdskc v`rrdì`ft`l Jbnn`r `rwrnt sdkc abs Y`rjstkj

s`fost lur ulw`s`ltfdkc, lur ad` jf`dl`l, h`dl`l Irbt`

w`ra`l wìi`skc nmfz`l. Ad`s`s X`rhbcr`l od`t`t

`dl`l cmc`l Butmnbtdsd`rulisirba ula `dl` cmc`

Wrmz`sssdkc`rc`dt. Bu`ra`n w`ra`l bukc Irbt` bl

skcw`r zuilifdkc`l [t`ff`l zuv`rfssdi boi`trbi`l.

@f`jtrmkc`ndskc` N`tbffv`rbro`dtuli (@KN)

O`d a`r @f`jtrmkc`ndskc`l N`tbffo`bro`dtuli (@KN) cbla`ft `s sdkc un `dl X`r-

hbcr`l, abs c`rvmrrbi`la hr przds`s Hmrn`ltirbt`l ula abs X`rrula`l vml

Jblt`l bl a`hdld`rt`l [t`ff`l i``dil`t dst. Abhr wdra ad` Blma` (Wfuspmf) ndt

a`n zu `ltirbt`la`l Y`rjstkj v`roula`l, ad` Jbtcma` (Ndluspmf) ndt a`n

Y`rjzùi. Y`ll a`r [trmn aurkc abs @f`jtrmfyt vmn Y rjzùi zun Y`rjstkjhfd`t, smrit `dl` kc`ndskc` _`bjtdml abhr, abss iblz i`zd`ft Nbt`rdbf vmn

Y`rjstkj boi`t rbi`l wdra. Ndt ad`s`n X`rhbcr`l jbll O@L[@F@_ ldk ct lur

Irbt` `lth`rl`l, smla`rl bukc Jmltur`l dl ad` Y`rjstkjmo`rhfkc` `dlbro`d-

t`l. Abs `f`jtrmfytdskc` Buhfs`l huljtdmld`rt s`fost o`d i`crt`t`l Q`df`l, mcl`

abss `dl` tc`rndskc` ma`r n`kcbldskc` O`blsprukculi a`r Obut`df` stbtthdla`t.

Dlaustrd`ff` Q`df`r`dldiuli (_[_)

Buhibo` a`r _`dldiuli dst `s, ad` Huljtdmlshcdij`dt,

Rubfdtt ula Fò`lsabu`r blsprukcsvmff`r Jmnpml`l-

t`l ula Obuirupp`l wd` o`dspd`fsw`ds` Cyarbufdj-,

Or`ns- ma`r @dlsprdtzsyst`n` zu v`ro`ss`rl.

Ad` Q`df`r`dldiuli `rhmfit dl `dl`r i`skcfmss`l`l

N`crjbnn`r-Qbukcblfbi` ndt butmnbtdskc`r O`skcd-

kjuli. Cd`r w`ra`l dl `dl`r wssrdi`l Fsuli `dl`

Xd`fzbcf vml Q`df`l ndt ult`rskcdàfdkc`l Ir`l ula

Y`rjstmhh `l i`r` dldit. Lò`l a`l Cu o-, [ `lj- ula

Ar`co`wìuli`l jbll ad` _`dldiuliswdrjuli bukc

ndt 2? jY (?7 Ybtt/Fdt`r) stbrj`l Pftrbskcbffskcwdl-

i`rl v`rstrjt w`ra`l. Bukc Wbrtdj`fv`rulr`dldiuli`l

dl td`h`l Omcruli`l ma`r skcwd`rdi`l [t`ff`l w`r-

a`l ndt ad`s`r N`tcma` prmz`sssdkc`r `lth`rlt. Ad`

Qrmkjluli a`r Obut`df` `rhmfit dl `dl`n ar`cobr`l

ula o`c`dzt`l Xbjuuntrmkjl`r.

Cmkcarukjwbss`rstrbcf-@ltirbt l (CAY)

Hr Y`rjstkj` bus F`dkctn`tbff `dil`t sdkc vmr bff`n abs

@ltirbt`l ndt `dl`n Cmkcarukjwbss`rstrbcf (CAY). Ad` cmc`

jdl`tdskc` @l`rid` a`s Ybss`rstrbcfs trit abo`d ldkct lur ad`

Irbt` skcl`ff ula zuv`rfssdi bo, sd` `lth`rlt bukc [pl` ula

smlstdi` bn Obut`df blcbht`la` X`rulr`dldiuli`l. A`r irm`Lutz`l5 Ad` Y`rjstkj` w`ra`l dl `dl`n Bro`dtsvmribli `lt-

irbt`t, `ltspblt ula i`r`dldit. O`d ad`s`n X`rhbcr`l f`ljt

O@L[@F@_ `dl`l Ybss`rstrbcf ndt 7,? Ndffdn`t`r Aurkcn`ss`r

ndt ods zu 377 obr Cmkcarukj buh ad` zu o`bro`dt`la`l [t`ff`l

a`r Y`rjstkj` ula `rr`dkct abndt bukc skcw`r zuilifdkc`

X`rskcl`dauli`l ula Omcruli`l.

@ltirbtuli`l

Ad` Hdrnb Q`kclm Kmfmr InoCMo`rhfkc`lv`rà`fuli dl Omi`l

wdra bus a` r KCB-Iru pp` dl adÒ@L[@F@_-Irupp` o`rlmnn`l

2440

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34/53

2497 2437

2482

2447 ?777 ?727

?722

[QBLAM_Q@

Ad` Hdrnb OX Mo`rhfkc`lt`kcldj i`crt zu a`l zuv`rfssdis-

t`l O`bro`dt`rl a`r Hdrnb @. Ydlj`nbll InoC ula Km JI. Dl

o`r ?7 Ebcr`l Uusbnn`lbro`dt cbt ad` OXM ndt Fd`h`rtrù`

ula c`rvmrrbi`la`r O`rbtuli o`rzùit ula abaurkc bukc

zun @rhmfi a`r Hdrnb Ydlj`nbll o`di`trbi`l. @s cbt sdkc dl

hrùlaskcbhtfdkc`s X`rcftlds `riò`l abs zu `dl`r c`rvmrrb


35/53

[QBLAM_Q@_KJOFDKJ &

BP[OFDKJX@_HBC_@L

BNBLAB

NDQB_O@DQ@_

Ndt Jula`lmrd`ltd`ruli, Hf`xdodfdtt, Uuv`rfssdij`dt, [bkc- ula Hbkcjmnp`t`lz smwd` Hbdr-

l`ss z`dkcl`t sdkc ad` Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ bfs abu`rcbht`r Wbrtl`r vml UH F`nhra`r bus. Ad`

Rubfdtt ula Ydrtskcbhtfdkcj`dt dcr`r Wrmaujt` ula Wrmz`ss` o`trbkct`l wdr bfs ltskc`da`l-

a`l Hbjtmr hr a`l @rhmfi a`s Plt`rl`cn`ls. Uua`n i`ct O@L[@F@_ st`ts buh Jula`l-wlskc` `dl.

Dn Lbn`l vml UH F`nhra`r irbtufd`r`l wdr buhs C`rzfdkcst` zun 07-ecrdi`l Hdrn`l-

euodfun. Ydr oàblj`l uls o`d a`r Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ hr ad` fbliecrdi` v`rtrbu`ls vmff`

Uusbnn`lbro`dt ula wlskc`l w`dt`rcdl vd`f @rhmfi, Ybkcstun ula [pdtz`lf`dstuli`l dn

ifmobf`l Y`tto`w`ro. [d` smfft` abo`d dcr` Y`rt` w`dt`rv`rhmfi`l.

Ndkcb`f Cù`r i`l. Cbffnbll, F`dt`r Y`rj WJY-[purstbli`l, UH F`nhra`r InoC Dkc nkct` Dcl`l iblz c`rzfdkc dn

Lbn`l a`r Làskcrm`h Hrbufbut`rl

InoC zu Dcr`n 07-ecrdi`l Hdrn`l-

euodfun irbtufd`r` l. 07 Ebcr` sdl a `dl` fbli` U` dt o`smla`rs hr `dl Plt`rl`cn` l. Pn 07 Ebcr ` O`st bla zu cbo`l, nus s nbl dnn`r wdà`r

Lù`s wbi`l5 lù` Q`kclmfmid`l, lù` Wrmaujtdmlsprmz`ss` ula lù` A`ljw`ds`l. Pla if`dkcz`dtdi nuss nbl O`wbcr`l jll`l5 abs iut` X`rcft-

lds zu a`l Ndtbro`dt`rl, zu Fd`h`rblt`l ula Jula`l, zur Pnw`ft. Dcl`l, fdò`r C`rr I`crdli, ula Dcr`l Ndtbro`dt`rl dst ad`s`r [pbibt i`fuli`l.

Ydr bf s hc r`la`s P lt`rl`cn`l dn O `r`dkc a`r X`ro dlaulis`f`n`lt ` dn Hbcrzùiobu cbo`l [d ` skc tz`l i `f`rlt5 [d` sd la uls `dl v`r fssfdkc` r

Wbrtl`r i`wmra`l, a`r ldkct lur ckcst` qubfdtbtdv` Blsprkc` rhfft, smla`rl bukc a`l [`rvdkìàblj`l fòt. Abs cbo`l o`smla`rs ad` f`tzt`l

Ebcr` i`z`dit5 ?774 nusst`l wdr, wd` bff`, hbst bus a`n [tbla c`rbus uls`r` Wrmaujtdml zurkjhbcr`l, dl ?727 ula ?722 abll i`lbusm skcl`ff

wdà`r `rc c`l. Dl ad`s`l turouf`lt` l U`dt`l jmllt `l wdr dnn `r buh [d` obu`l! Abhr nkct` dkc ndkc iblz c`r zfdkc o`d Dc l`l oàblj`l.

Dkc wlskc` Dcl`l ula bukc ndr ula a`r Làskcrm`h Hrbufbut`rl InoC, abss wdr uls`r`l i`n`dlsbn`l Yì a`r v`rtrbu`lsvmff`l ula iut`l

Uusbnn`lbro`dt lmkc vd`f` Ebcr` hmrts`tz`l.

[t`hbl Qdfs, I`skchtsf`dtuli, L@A[KC_M@H H_BPFBPQ@_L InoC

Ad` Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ zcft hr uls zu a`l zuv`rfssdist`l

I`skchtspbrtl`rl, mo dl pulktm Rubfdtt ma`r [`rvdk`. Abs

I`c`dnlds a`s @rhmfi`s vml O@L[@F@_ fsst sdkc n`dl`s @rbkc-

t`ls ndt hlh Oìrdhh`l unskcr`do`l5 jmnp`t`lt, dllmvbtdv, hf`xd-

o`f ula hrùlafdkc. Jurzun, lbc bn Jula`l.

Dkc wlskc` a`r Hdrnb O@L[@F@_ bukc hr ad` lkcst`l Ebcr`

w`dt`rcdl vd`f @rh mfi ula iut`s I`fdli`l.

Adrj C`f`s,

F`dtuli Rubfdttsnblbi`n`lt, Ydfc`fn [kcunbkc`r InoC [kcrbuo`lhbordj

hrùlaskcbhtfdkc`s X`rcftlds riò`l, abs zu `dl`r c`rvmrrb-

i`la`l Uusbnn`lbro`dt i`hcrt cbt

Ydr wlsk c`l a`r Hdrnb OX M ula a`r O@L[@F@ _-Irupp` h r

ad` Uujulht, abss a`r odsc`rdi` Yì w`dt`riìbli`l wdra ula

ad` Plt`rl`cn`lspcdfmsmpcd` a`l lbkchmfi`la`l lù`l Ndtbr-

o`dt`rl dl abs [tbnnoukc i`skcrd`-

o`l wdra. Abs dst a`r Irulast`dl

hr Uujulht ula wdra zun w`dt`r`l

@rhmfi hcr`l.

W`t`r [kcw`dich r, F`dtuli Adspmsdtdml/X`rsbla, @. Ydlj`nbll InoC & Km. JI

2497 2437

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?722

_`pmrtbi`

Y`ll Bnblab buspbkjt

89BJQ@LNBWW@ BNBLAB


36/53

I`trbi`l`s zunHdrn`leuodfun

07 Ebcr` O@L[@F@_ wbs hr dl skcl`s @r`dilds! Lbtr-

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