Beskrivning Av Expansionsbalgar

8/18/2019 Beskrivning Av Expansionsbalgar

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EXPANSION JOINT

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Bellows Movements and Spring RatesMovement Capabilities

. A, , A . F 1

5 . B . ,

.

. , ,

.

Axial Movement (+/‐‐‐‐ mm)

A

. C (‐) (+).

/.

Angular Movement ( +/‐‐‐‐ Degrees )

A .

(‐) (+).

.

/

Lateral Movement (+/‐‐‐‐ mm)

(). .

A .

.

/


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Torsional Movement (+/‐‐‐‐ Degrees)

(). DISCOURAGES

ANY TORSIONAL ROTATION OF METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS.

. I , ,

. /

. CAEA II CADE

.

.

. ,

. ,

.

.

.


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Example: = 12

= = 300

A = E A 12 = 151 2

= = 0.5

= A 12 = 6,255 /

First find the force due to the pressure:EE H = A = 300 151 2 = 45,300

Next find the force due to the bellows deflection:

BE IG FCE = = 0.5 6,255 / = 3,128

The main anchors must resist the sum of these two forces:EE H + BE IG FCE = 45,300 + 3,128 = 48,428

Basic Types of Expansion Joints

Unrestrained AssembliesDefinition: A . .

Single Bellows

B ,

.

,

, .

Universal Expansion Joint

.

,

B . I

.

,

.

Externally Pressurized Expansion Joint

.

,

. E E J

‐

. A

.


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Restrained Assemblies

Definition: A . I .

Tied Single Bellows

B A

.

,

. ,

.

.

‐

.

Tied Universal Expansion Joint

A

.

A .

Hinged Expansion Joint

H E J ,

A . H A

.

.

, ,

. H E J

H E J

. Important note: H

,

.

Gimbal Expansion Joint

A . G

A, H ,

‐ .

' .


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Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joint:

.

( )

.

, ,

. A

.

In‐‐‐‐Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint:

I , I‐

B . A

.

.

Externally Pressurized Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint:

I

, E

B . I‐

B A

.

END CONNECTIONS & ACCESSORIES

FlangesA

. F

AI C 150

AI C 300


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Vanstone Ends

‐

.

Weld Ends

A

. A A53 G. B

A106 G. B 3 . 24 .

. A A36 A516 G. 70

26 . .

.

Liners (Internal Sleeves)

:

A.

.

B.

.

C.

.

D. I

.

.

E. F A, G 6 . ‐ 4 //.

6 . ‐ 25 /.

F

6 . ‐ 2 //.

6 . ‐ 10 /.

F

.

. F

, .


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Protective Covers and Shrouds

C

. F

.

.

. I

,

.

.

.

Tie Rods

, ,

. Single Universal Style

Expansion Joint, .

Limit Rods

. II D D

CAI HE EE H DIG AEAI.

‐ ‐

. D .

Purge Connections

.

.

.


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MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINESBellows Material .

, , :

Factors Considerations

C

I

H

C

F

BELLOWS MATERIAL Stainless Steel‐‐‐‐ Type 300 austenitic series

304 (ASTM A240‐‐‐‐304)

. I , , .

304 . I

, , , , .

‐324 1200 F.

304L (ASTM A‐‐‐‐240‐‐‐‐304L)

H 0.03% 0.08% 304.

. I 304

.

316 (ASTM A‐‐‐‐240‐‐‐‐316)

304 . 2% 3%

304 .

, , ,

.

316L (ASTM A‐‐‐‐240‐‐‐‐316L)

0.03% ,

.

321 (ASTM A240‐‐‐‐321)

800 1650 F. 321

304, .

.

Nickel Alloys

Nickel 200 (ASTM B162‐‐‐‐

200)A (99.5% ), 200

.

Alloy 400 (ASTM B127‐‐‐‐400)

‐ (66.5% , 31.5 C) 200

.

Alloy 600 (ASTM B168‐‐‐‐600)

‐ (76% , 15.5% C) . I

. I

.


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Alloy 625 Gr.1 (ASTM B443‐‐‐‐625)

(21.5%) 600. 9% ,

. I

. 1000 F , .

Alloy 625 LCF (ASTM B443‐‐‐‐625 LCF)

625, ‐

.

Alloy 800 (ASTM B409‐‐‐‐800)

‐‐ 600. I

.

Alloy 825 (ASTM B424‐‐‐‐825)

‐ ,

.

Alloy 20 or 20Cb‐‐‐‐3 (ASTM B463)

‐‐ . I

.Other MaterialsI , H C22 C276,

C, A6, 2205, 230, 253 A, 330, 617, 718, 800H/H, 3C12, H120 . A

B AE .

‐

.

. ,

. ‐

.

Shipping & HandlingE . ,

‐ .

Shipping Bars ‐ ""

. A

.

. C:

. NEVER TAMPER WITH THESE ATTACHMENTS.

E: G

. I , AA

‐ .

Liners ‐

,

.

.

Flanged Assemblies ‐

(

). I

, /

.

Weld End Assemblies ‐


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. , ,

.

Final System Check ‐ A , , ,

. , . I , ‐ .

E: , 1.5 .

Pr

UNRESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINTS: INSTALLATION GUIDELINESAxial MovementSingle Bellows Assembly

. ,

.

.

Types of AnchorsMAIN ANCHORS

.

. ,

, ,

.

INTERMEDIATE ANCHORS

,

.

.

DIRECTIONAL ANCHORS

.

.

PIPE ALIGNMENT GUIDES .

.

.

.

oblem


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CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS (LNG)

The expansion Joints installed on cryogenic application could be of the same typologies showedbefore.

The first important think is the material utilized that must be full construction on Stainless Steel. Thebellows could be also made on Inconel 625 LCF.

For this type of services, where possible it is preferable to utilize Expansion Joint external pressurized.

EXTERNALLY PRESSURIZED EXPANSION JOINTS

Externally Pressurized Expansion Joints

Externally pressurized expansion joints are utilized to compensate for large axial expansion oflong piping systems. Macoga externally pressurized expansion joints are designed such thatfluid/steam pressure acts on the outside of the bellows in addition to the internal surface of thebellows. The stabilizing effect of this external pressure increases the bellows ability to absorblong axial movements without the existence of squirm. This feature makes the externallypressurized expansion joint the best solution for many situations involving extensive axialmovement.


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This uninsulated bellows coupling at the base of an LNG tank was accumulating ice balls and impairing the

movement of the stainless steel corrugations. The relative motion inherent to bellows necessitated the use ofProper insulation because it always remains flexible, even at cryogenic temperatures.

Expansion Joint applied on heat exchanger

1 Bellows installed over Shell

2 Bellows installed on tube side


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Disassembly joints

When considering the installation of valves, shut off gates and pumps etc. into a piping system it is particularly beneficial toinclude a Macoga disassembly joint along side each of these crit ical pieces of plant. During maintenance axial clearance iseasily and quickly achieved in the pipe system to allow removal or replacement of your equipment by simply compressing thedemounting joint with its threaded draw bars.

The following points are proven to be advantageous during long periods of operation:

• Plant efficiency is enhanced since the task of removing and replacing components is quicker, considerably reducing down timeof intervention and loss of production.

• Macoga demounting joints are made entirely of steel. No rubber or plastic elements are used. Therefore there is no wear, agingor leakage.

• Macoga disassembly joints can be used up to 300°C taking into account the pressure reducing factor.

• Observations made over long operating periods indicate water loss reductions in the order of 15%.

• The excellent elasticity of the bellow allows it to absorb slight installation tolerances without creating leakage problems.

GeneralDuring pipe installation, especially when components are to be replaced for servicing and maintenance, it is essential to leave an axial gap foreasy installation of the units.The Macoga dismantling piece is completely maintenance free, ageing resistant and makes mounting and demounting considerably easier.Using the spring rate of the bellows, a gap is automatically generated while loosing the connection screws. Components can easily and quicklybe removed.The other way round, a mounting gap previously set is closed by definitely restraining the bellows.As the movable component consists of a one-piece bellows, the Macoga dismantling piece remains 100% tight after as much mountings anddemountings as you like. In the component itself, no supplementary seals are necessary. Only the piping components have to be provided withappropriate gaskets.

Thanks to the extreme flexibility of the multi-ply bellows, a minor flangemisalignment during pipe installation can be compensated without tightnessproblems. Possible radial divergences:

δ DN 500 = ca. ± 10 mm> DN 500 = ca. ± 5 mmDuring installation, the Macoga dismantling piece is at one side flanged to the pipeend and then, using the special tie rods, pulled to the components. In mountedposition, the Macoga dismantling piece is restrained. While demounting the piece,only the connecting bolts must be released. The dismantling piece will springback and generate automatically the gap, necessary for easy demounting andlater reinstallation of the components.


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Reaction forceWhen using unrestrained dismantling pieces, the fol lowing remarks are to be considered:

The bellows put under pressure tends to return in its smooth tube shape. A reaction force "F" is resulting, which can be

calculated with the help of the formulae in section EJMA code. This reaction force must be compensated by the pipe

construction, or taken in account by the layout of the anchor points. If axial movements occur, the spring rate has also to be

considered.

Underground installationMacoga dismantling pieces are suitablefor underground installation whenequipped with outside protectionsleeves.

Execution

• Without tie rods, not for/ for underground installation.With this solution the end thrust pressure must be taken by other pipe components.

With tie rods, not for/ for underground installation With this solution the end thrust pressure is taken from the dismounting joint.


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Example of Special application : Bellows installed on Valve

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Beskrivning Av Expansionsbalgar