BESTAVAILABLETECHNIQUES BATINEUROPEANENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATIONAlinaRuonala LindgrenFinnish ForestIndustriesFederation

THECONTENTOFTHEPRESENTATIONGeneralabouttheFinnishForestIndustryEUsIPPCDirective IntegratedPreventionandPollutionControlWhatareBestAvailableTechniques BATWhatisBATBREF

BATBREFforPulpandPaperSectorCASE KraftPulpProductioninFinland

FinnishPaper PaperboardandPulpMills2005InFinlandthereare

19Pulpmills24Mechanicalandsemi chemicalpulpmills28Papermills14Paperboardmills SOURCE Membercompanies

ForestIndustryProductioninFinland1960 2004

PaperandpaperboardWoodpulpSawn softwoodWood basedpanelsmillcumtonmillcumton161614141212101088664422001960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE FinnishForestIndustries

Federation

ChemicalPulpProductioninFinland1960 2004

SulphateDissolving special gradesSulphitemill tonsmill tons8877665544332211001960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE

FinnishForestIndustriesFederation

PulpProductioninFinlandbyGradein1980and2004

SemichemicalpulpMechanical pulp semichemicalpulpMechanical pulp Bl softwoodSulphiteand others Bl hardwoodBl softwood UnbleachedBl hardwoodUnbleached 5415 2539321523 11 31Total72milltonsin1980Total126milltonsin2004SOURCE

FinnishForestIndustriesFederation

Paper PaperboardandPulpMillsownedbyFinnishCompaniesinEurope

Ahlstrom CorporationStora Enso OyjLaGŁre FranceBerghuizer NetherlandsRottersac FranceLangerbrugge BelgiumStenay FranceSachsen Papier GermanyChantraine FranceReisholz GermanyBousbecque FranceKabel GermanyPont Audemer FranceUetersen GermanySaint SØverin FranceBaienfurt GermanyAltenkirchen GermanyMaxau Wolfsheck GermanyNümbrecht GermanyBarcelona SpainOsnabrück GermanyKvarnsveden SwedenAscoli ItalyHylte SwedenMathi Turin ItalyNymölla SwedenM realCorporationFors SwedenBiberist SwitzerlandSkoghall SwedenSittingbourne Great BritainGrycksbo SwedenNew Thames Great BritainNorrsundet SwedenHusum SwedenSkutskär SwedenWifsta SwedenCorbehem FranceZandersGohrsmühle GermanyCelbi Pulp PortugalZandersReflex GermanyOstroleka PolandStockstadt GermanyCorenso St Seurin surlIsle FranceAlizay FranceUPM Kymmene CorporationPontStMaxence FrancePapeteries deDocelles FranceHallein AustriaChapelle Darblay FranceMetsä Tissue CorporationStracel FranceKatrinefors mill SwedenAugsburg GermanySmåland mills SwedenNordland GermanyKreuzau mill GermanySchongau GermanyRaubach mill GermanySchwedt GermanyStotzheim mill GermanySteyrermühl AustriaWarsawmill PolandCaledonian Paper Great BritainKrapkowice mill PolandShotton Paper Great BritainMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski Continental AlbbruckDachau andPlattlingLang Papier Rhein Papier GermanyUtzenstorfPapier Switzerland SOURCE Membercompanies

Paper PaperboardandPulpMillsownedbyFinnishCompaniesoutsideEuropeBlandinBlandinPaperPaperMiramichiMiramichiPortHawkesburyPort HawkesburyMadisonPaper CompanyMadison Paper CompanyMadison Paper IndustriesMadisonPaper IndustriesBironBironDuluthDuluthChangshuChangshuKimberlyKimberlySuzhouSuzhouNiagaraNiagaraStevensPointStevensPointWhitingWhitingWisconsinRapidsWisconsin RapidsVeracelVeracelpulp mill startpulp mill start up 2005up 2005JointventureJoint venture StoraStoraEnsoEnsoand and AracruzAracruzStora Enso OyjStora Enso OyjStora Enso OyjUPMUPMUPM Kymmene CorporationKymmene CorporationKymmene CorporationMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski CorporationFrayFrayBentosBentospulpmill under constructionpulp mill under constructionOyOyOy MetsäMetsäMetsä BotniaBotniaBotniaAbAbAbBotniaBotniaS A SASOURCESOURCE

MemberMembercompaniescompanies

MainGlobalForestIndustryCompaniesTotalturnoverin2004 bill EUR

246810121416182022International PaperWeyerhaeuserGeorgiaPacificStoraEnsoKimberly ClarkSCAUPM KymmeneProcter GambleNippon PaperGroupOjiPaperSOURCE Jaakko

Pöyry

EuropeanIPPCDirectiveIntegratedPreventionandPollutionControl

EUIPPC IntegratedPollutionPreventionandControl DirectiveAllenvironmentalimpactsoftheactivitiesmustbeexaminedinafullyintegratedwayDischargesandemissionsreleasedintotheair waterorthesoilmustallbeassessedsimultaneously togetherwithotherfactorssuchasresourceconsumption wasteminimisationenergy efficiency noiseandvibrationandaccidentprevention

obligesEUmemberstatestointegratethecontrolofemissionscausedbyindustryallbiginstallationsmusthavenewenvironmentalpermitsbyOctober2007coversallpulpmillsandthosepaperandboardmills whoseproductionis 20tathepreventionortherestrictionofdamagestoaminimumcautionandprecaution principletheapplicationofthebestavailabletechnologyBATthebestpracticefromtheperspectiveoftheenvironment BEPthepolluterpays principle

Operatorsneedtoprovethattheirinstallationsfunctioninwaysthatpreventdischargesandemissionswhereverthisispracticallypossibleorreduceemissionstoacceptable levelsbyusingBATBATBREFdocumentsmustbetakenintoaccountinthepermitprocedureSitesmustalsoultimatelybereturnedtoasatisfactorystateafteroperationscease

WhatisBestAvailableTechniquesBAT

IndeterminingwhatisBATeverywordisimportantBESTmeansmosteffectiveinachievingahighgeneral levelofprotectionoftheenvironmentasawhole

AVAILABLEtechniquesmeanthosedevelopedonascalewhichallowsimplementation intherelevantindustrialsector undereconomicallyandtechnicallyviableconditions takingintoconsiderationthecostsandadvantages aslongastheyarereasonablyaccessibletotheoperator

TECHNIQUESincludeboththetechnologyusedandthewayinwhichtheinstallationisdesignedbuilt maintained operatedanddecommissioned

BATMEANSoperatorsuseBATandbestprocedurestopreventorreduceenvironmentalimpactsthemosteffectiveandadvancedtechniquesthatcanbepracticallyadoptedtopreventharmfulemissionsandotherenvironmentalimpacts orreducethemtoacceptable limitsmustbeenvironmentally economicallyandtechnicallyfeasibleregulatorgivesanemissionlimitvalueintheenvironmentalpermit operatordecidesonthetechnique

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSAirpollution CO2Noise

Chemicals Risks accidentsProducts

Waste LanduseVisualimpact Wastewater

TransportationRawmaterials energyefficiency

WHATISABATBREFDOCUMENTTheEUmemberstates competentauthoritiesandindustrycooperateonthedevelopmentofBATreferencedocuments BREFOver30BREFdocuments horizontalandverticalRevisionofBREFs everythreeyearsABATreferencedocument BREF presentsthetechiquesandtheemissionandconsumptionlevelsthatareconsideredtobecompatiblewithBATinageneralsense

WHATISBATREFERENCEDOCUMENTBREFEUBATBREFdocumentsdescribethetechniqueswhichitisagreedcanbedefinedasBAT aswellastheagreedindicativeemissionlevelstobeappliedwhensuchtechniquesareusedisinformationofwhatispossibleinoperatingmillslistofappropriatetechniquesrangetoemissions specificemissionseg kgtonofproduct nottobeconsideredtobeemissionlimitvalues Localsituationmustbetakenintoaccountlistofemergingtechniques

WHATISBATREFERENCEDOCUMENT BREFWhatBREFsarenotWhatBREFSare BREFsare notstandardsordemandsBrefsareinformationTheymightgiveinformation Theydonotsetorproposeemissionaboutwhatcanbedone limitvalueseitheratsector nationalBrefcangiveinformationwhatisregional localorsitespecificlevelpossible ShoppinglistsfordifferentequipmentBrefdoesnotsaywhatshouldbedone TheydonotprovideanylegalBrefscanbeusedasabenchmarkinterpretationoftheIPPCDirectiveoranyardstickforpermit Theycannotbeexhaustivenorcanconditionsandwillgivethe theyfullytakeaccountofalllocaloverallframetostartnegotiationsofpermits wherelocal conditionsindeterminingBATcircumstanceswillbetakenintoTheycannotdetermineBATatspecificaccount national regional local levels

EUBATBREFFORPULPANDPAPERSECTORKraftpulpingprocessBleachedandunbleachedSulphitepulpingprocessMechanicalpulpingandchemi mechanicalpulpingIncludingintegratedLWCandSCRecycledfibreprocessingIncluding integratedRCFpapermillswithoutdeinkingandde inking newsprintprinting writing tissuePapermakingandrelatedprocessesuncoatedfinepaper coatedfinepaper tissue

EUBATBREFFORPULPANDPAPERSECTOREachchaptercontainfollowinginformationAppliedprocessesandtechniquesPresentconsumptionemissionlevelTechniquestoconsiderinthedeterminationofBATBestavailabletechniquesEmergingtechniques

CASE KRAFTPULPPRODUCTIONINFINLAND

BATassociatedemissionranges wastewaterFlowCODBODTSSAOXTotal NTotalPm3 AdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdt

Bleached30 508 23 03 1506 15 025 01 025001 003pulpUnbleached 15 255 10 02 0703 10 0102001 002pulpBestavailable techniques forreducingemissionstowaterareDrydebarkingofwoodIncreaseddelignification before thebleachplantbyextended ormodifiedcookingandadditionaloxygen stagesHighlyefficientbrownstockwashingand closedcyclebrownstockscreeningElemental chlorine free ECF bleachingwithlowAOXorTotallychlorinefree TCF bleachingRecyclingofsome mainlyalkalineprocesswater fromthebleachplantEffectivespillmonitoring containmentand recovery systemStrippingandreuseof thecondensates fromtheevaporation plantSufficient capacityoftheblackliquorevaporation plantandtherecoveryboilertocopewiththeadditional liquoranddrysolidsloadCollectionand reuseofcleancoolingwatersProvisionofsufficiently largebuffer tanksforstorageofspilledcooking andrecovery liquorsanddirtycondensates topreventsudden peaks ofloadingandoccasional upsets in theexternal effluenttreatment plantInaddition toprocess integratedmeasures primary treatment andbiological treatment isconsideredBATforkraftpulpmills

BATassociatedemissionrangesemissionstoairDust SO asS NOx NO NO2asTRS asS2kgAdtkgAdtNO2 inkgAdtkgAdtBleachedandunbleached 02 05020410150102kraftpulpBestavailabletechniques forreducingemissions toairareCollection and incinerationof concentratedmalodorous gasesandcontrol theresultingSO2 emissions Thestronggasescanbe burntinthe recoveryboiler inthelimekilnor aseparate lowNOxfurnace Thefluegasesof thelatterhave ahighconcentrationofSO2that isrecovered inascrubberDiluted malodorousgasesfrom varioussourcesarealsocollectedand incineratedandtheresultingSO2controlledTRS emissions ofthe recovery boileraremitigated byefficientcombustioncontroland COmeasurementTRS emissions ofthe limekilnare mitigated bycontrolling theexcess oxygen by using low Sfuel andbycontrolling theresidualsolublesodium inthelimemudfedtothekilnTheSO2emissionsfrom therecoveryboilers arecontrolledby firinghigh dry solidsconcentration blackliquorin therecoveryboilerandorbyusingafluegas scrubberBAT isfurther thecontrol ofNOxemissions from therecoveryboiler ie ensuring propermixinganddivisionofairin theboiler lime kilnandfromauxiliary boilersbycontrolling thefiringconditions andforneworaltered installations alsobyappropriatedesignSO2 emissions fromauxiliary boilers arereduced byusingbark gas lowsulphuroiland coalorcontrollingS emissionswithascrubberFluegasesfrom recoveryboilers auxiliaryboilers inwhichotherbiofuelsandorfossil fuels are incinerated andlime kilnarecleaned withefficientelectrostaticprecipitators tomitigatedustemissions

SpecificSO emissions asS2KraftPulpMillsinFinland2004kg SOasS Adt2

18 Sulphurdioxide emissions SO2asS161412108BREF range

0604020Mills

Source FinnishForestIndustriesFederation

SpecificSO2 Emissions KraftPulpMillsinFinland1990 2004kg SO Adt kg SO Adt2 2

26 SO2 kgSO2 Adt2422218161412108BREF range

060402019901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022004Source FinnishForestIndustries

Federation

SpecificAOXemission organicchlorinecompounds BleachedPulpKraftPulpMillsinFinland1990 2004kgAdt

25 AOXkgAdt215105BREF range

0 19941995200419901991199219931996199719981999200020012002Source FinnishForestIndustries

Federation

SpecificAOXemission organicchlorinecompounds BleachedPulpKraftPulpMillsinFinland2004kgAdt

035 AOXkgAdt03025BREF range

02015010050Mills

Source FinnishForestIndustriesFederation

IMPORTANTINDETERMININGBATAvailabilityCostsAlternativetechniquesAgeofthemill cleardifferencebetweenoldandnewComparabilityoftheemissions needforharmonisationofmeasurementandreportingmethodsTechnicalcharacteristics geographicallocationlocalenvironmentofthemill

TheenvironmentalprotectioncostsforpulpandpaperindustryinFinland1994 2004

OtherEnvironmental protection researchOperating costsforenvironmental protectionInvestments inenvironmental protectionmiljEUR

2001801601401201008060402019941995199619971998199920002001200220032004Source FinnishForestIndustries

Federation

ProductionofthePulpandPaperIndustryinFinlandandWasteWaterLoad1950 2004

Totalsuspended solidsBOD7PaperandboardChemical pulpEffluent1000taProductionmill ta

80016700146001250010400830062004100200195019551960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE FinnishForestIndustriesFederationandFinnishEnvironment

Institute

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