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O2 Between The Lines

Between The Lines

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BTL 02 -BLUE Between The Lines is a tri-annual literary magazine created entirely by students in Korea. Find out more in btlmag.weebly.com Like our facebook page http://www.facebook.com/BetweenTheLinesLiteraryMagazine Email [email protected]

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Page 1: Between The Lines

O2

Between The Lines

1 STORYTELLING ASIA

Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature

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Asia Publishing Company presents some of the very best modern Korean literature to readers worldwide through its new Korean literature series ltKorean-English Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literaturegt We are proud and happy to offer it in the most authoritative translation by renowned translators of Korean literature We hope that this series helps to build solid bridges between citizens of the world and Koreans through rich in-depth understanding of Korea

Masterfully translated this bilingual series will prove invaluable to readers everywhere and to the classroom

FOLVKVYL8NOLZVSTIPHltUP]LYZP[`

The editors and translators are among the very best and most widely experienced in the field and the works chosen for the series are key parts of the modern to

contemporary literary world of KoreaF+H]PK94JHUUHY]HYKltUP]LYZP[`

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BTL1 STORYTELLING ASIA

Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature

POLVUNQU

OLgtVUKLK

2PTgtVUPS

VSVM+HYRULZZ

`U2P`VUN

UPHTJOraquoVU

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Asia Publishing Company presents some of the very best modern Korean literature to readers worldwide through its new Korean literature series ltKorean-English Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literaturegt We are proud and happy to offer it in the most authoritative translation by renowned translators of Korean literature We hope that this series helps to build solid bridges between citizens of the world and Koreans through rich in-depth understanding of Korea

Masterfully translated this bilingual series will prove invaluable to readers everywhere and to the classroom

FOLVKVYL8NOLZVSTIPHltUP]LYZP[`

The editors and translators are among the very best and most widely experienced in the field and the works chosen for the series are key parts of the modern to

contemporary literary world of KoreaF+H]PK94JHUUHY]HYKltUP]LYZP[`

IV_ZL[^VU^VUMVYLHJOIVVR

7YJOHZLPUXPYPLZIVVRHZPHOHUTHPSUL[

3

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

CREW

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 2: Between The Lines

1 STORYTELLING ASIA

Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature

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Asia Publishing Company presents some of the very best modern Korean literature to readers worldwide through its new Korean literature series ltKorean-English Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literaturegt We are proud and happy to offer it in the most authoritative translation by renowned translators of Korean literature We hope that this series helps to build solid bridges between citizens of the world and Koreans through rich in-depth understanding of Korea

Masterfully translated this bilingual series will prove invaluable to readers everywhere and to the classroom

FOLVKVYL8NOLZVSTIPHltUP]LYZP[`

The editors and translators are among the very best and most widely experienced in the field and the works chosen for the series are key parts of the modern to

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BTL1 STORYTELLING ASIA

Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature

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Asia Publishing Company presents some of the very best modern Korean literature to readers worldwide through its new Korean literature series ltKorean-English Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literaturegt We are proud and happy to offer it in the most authoritative translation by renowned translators of Korean literature We hope that this series helps to build solid bridges between citizens of the world and Koreans through rich in-depth understanding of Korea

Masterfully translated this bilingual series will prove invaluable to readers everywhere and to the classroom

FOLVKVYL8NOLZVSTIPHltUP]LYZP[`

The editors and translators are among the very best and most widely experienced in the field and the works chosen for the series are key parts of the modern to

contemporary literary world of KoreaF+H]PK94JHUUHY]HYKltUP]LYZP[`

IV_ZL[^VU^VUMVYLHJOIVVR

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3

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

CREW

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 3: Between The Lines

BTL1 STORYTELLING ASIA

Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature

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Asia Publishing Company presents some of the very best modern Korean literature to readers worldwide through its new Korean literature series ltKorean-English Bi-lingual Edition Modern Korean Literaturegt We are proud and happy to offer it in the most authoritative translation by renowned translators of Korean literature We hope that this series helps to build solid bridges between citizens of the world and Koreans through rich in-depth understanding of Korea

Masterfully translated this bilingual series will prove invaluable to readers everywhere and to the classroom

FOLVKVYL8NOLZVSTIPHltUP]LYZP[`

The editors and translators are among the very best and most widely experienced in the field and the works chosen for the series are key parts of the modern to

contemporary literary world of KoreaF+H]PK94JHUUHY]HYKltUP]LYZP[`

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3

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

CREW

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 4: Between The Lines

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

CREW

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 5: Between The Lines

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

a 3 2 1 + - ( 3 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - ( 3 2 + 1 - 3 ( 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 ( 2 1 9 3 ( gt 0 lt 9 3 0 gt lt 9 3 ( 2 1 + - 3 2 1 A 4 5 = B A 4 = 5 2 1 + 3 - ( 2 1 + ( 0 lt 9 gt 8 lt 0 9 8 2 1-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt129

8321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ alkjdfalkjshdflakjsdf(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-

lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+ a321+-(321+-3(21+-(32+1-(32+1-(32+1-3(21232132132(21+-3(21+-3(2193(gt0lt930gtlt93(21+-321A45=BA4=521+3-(21+(0lt9gt8lt09821-32(1+-(3215BA45=A21+-3(2+1-3(21+-3(21+-(321gt9308ltgt9382gt192-1(545)(=1+30(lt960ltgt9B821930lt+0-lt(3+51)A)=3(390ltgt980gt3lt92B15+B-(2)130(=lt+6(03lt98gtB21)92+(1-30lt(30+lt9B21(gt)9B85gt)-B21)3+2lt-(30ltgt985gtB2-)(B21=)30(lt+3-0ltB8219)5-B21)(32+lt-(30lt986gt9821gt)5-21B(1)+(0lt9068ltgt983B215)-B2(1)+B(2+1-)3(0lt9gt08lt932gt-+)(B2+)-B(2+1908ltgt93(gt21-+5B(2+1)-(+5-B)(B2+4-182gt938gt0-1+B2(1)+21893lt08gt9lt-1(B2+1()32+193lt083gt93(21)+-B2(1+)-3(0lt9803gt91-B(21)+B2(5)-+B21930ltgt-3+B(21)54-)45()4+5-)(+1-(21983gt1298321-(B+2--)(B45+-)B(2198321gt5-B(+4)5-(+-321(32+-1(3+2-16gt01932136+-0(lt6-lt1(3+21-(3+-21(6+0lt-786gtlt983gt219(32+-1(3+2-1(6+09lt86gt09(6gt0-1(+32-1(6+

CREW

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 6: Between The Lines

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

artworkHanna Lee829555668Junha Hwangcover art117072 Jennifer Park1428414375Solji Choi17Boeun Choo192335495060Lucia Kim32Rick Tierney64

spoken word poetry Emotion65

musical compositionMy perfect blue66

6

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

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sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

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GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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p9J[q

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p9JCVq

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p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 7: Between The Lines

poetryUntitled10what phil down the pub was chatting about15The blue onion18Everblue20Tok Tak Tic27Bring out the Dead34The Non Existence of Blue38Blooming41

oulipoWhat is oulipo21 Bluebells22Blue24Snowball26

remix poetryEarth Being Blue25

translationThe Glass Window 143

editorialThe Crew44 Line poem9Translation as an artistic practice42A spring fantasy in a winter night an interview44Crew Recruitment 68Submission Details Phobia70Fonts72

|art| Jennifer Park

non fIctionPsychology of blue52The Artist Walk of Homage towards the Past54Avatar helping out or throwing out57The Awakening a Blemish on the Feminist Movement58The Pearl a glow of truth59Lrsquoempire des Lumiegraveres The Compatibility of Paradox 62

short storiesTied12Perfectionist28Comma30Vestige36

7

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 8: Between The Lines

|art| Hanna Lee

8

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 9: Between The Lines

Your facelike an open Braille book

My hand fumblinglike a blind blind reader

|poetry| Jillian Chun

9

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 10: Between The Lines

It is when you realize thatYou donrsquot know what lies beneath you

Or how deep it isOr how cold it is

The moment when you loosen yourselfYou could fall forever before yoursquod know you know

And when you fall your eyelids stay glued tight until

The last breath gets stuck in your chestAnd you realize that it was after all)LMKMQ^QVOAEligWIPITMNaW]NITT

Then you know that you ought to face

the blurry world that pierces your eyeballsthe vast world too large to envision

the world saltier than your tears

Watery silence slices your eardrums openTo make you aware of all orchestral gurgling boos and woos

And giggling bubblesAnd gulping end of a scream

All that smothering pressure on you

Penetrating piercing harassing in any way possibleAll that pressure that tells you to rise above but

Only drags you deeper down

You wouldnrsquot dare even speak a word out loudWhen the sour world gushes and drowns your throat before

you could sound anythingSimilar to a dumb pop

The hostile rippling air that makes you

fear breathingEven when your lungs screech for air like a ship-horn

And your heart leaps like the tail of trout under the knife

But most of allThe chilly sweat

ltPMX]ZXTMAringVOMZQX[Stoop up veins

The brain-freeze that bites your neckAnd the tsunami of realization that you are alone

With nothing to hold on toFloundering

FallingAlone in that cold dark ebbing world

Dying

So Mr Swallow Irsquom saying this for the last timeI am not going to capsize from this yacht

not when we are600 meters away from the shore

Stop trying to convince me with all that life-vest life-guards safety-cords and once-in-a-life-time experience and builds-your-character crapDonrsquot you dare push me out this yacht

fpd

|poetry| Yunha Hwang

10

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

SPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQVTQSMQ_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZ VWM[ AEligW]VKML PQOPMZ IVL PQOPMZ PMZ ZQOP IZU [_]VOW] QV[IKKIW[IV QV[Z]UMVWN Q[W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZWPMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIMPQVAringVOMPMXTIaMLPM^QWTQV TQSM Q_I[UMIVWAEliga]XQVPM[Sa0MZVWM[AEligW]VKMLPQOPMZIVLPQOPMZPMZZQOPIZU[_]VOW]QV[IKKIW[IVQV[Z]UMVWNQ[ W_V)VLLW_VIVL NZW PMa_MV PW[MLMTQKIM PQVAringV-OMZ[MI[QVOPMM^MVPQVVMZVWM[WVPM^QWTQV)TTPI_PQTM[PMVM^MZTWWSMLI_IaVWWVKMPM_I[QVIVQ[WTIML_WZTL)TWVM]_PMVPMAringVITKZM[KMVLWZQ^MMLIKZW[[ PM_PWTM[Sa [PM TWWSMLLW_VWVUMJMZIaQVOI TMIV[UQTMltPMVITTQVWVMAElig]MVOM[]ZMWNINIZM_MTT[PMAringVITTaW[[MLI_IaPM^QWTQVWVPMOZI[[OZIKQW][I[KW]TLJMltPQ[PIXXMVMLM^MZalt]M[LIa

I[[PMIOWWL^QWTQVQ[0MTTVW]IOIQVIVLIOIQV1ITTW_MLPMZ W [VIKPI_IaUa^QWTQV XTIa Q NWZ TWVOPW]Z[ IVLUIZKPI_Ia_QPW]M^MVI_WZLWN PIVSaW] 1KW]TLVM^MZO]M[[_Pa1TMPMZ4WWSQVOJIKS1PQVSPI1UIaVM^MZPI^MJMMVQVN]TTKWVZWTWNPM[Q]IQWVI[1XZW]LTaJMTQM^MLWJMPM_I[PMLQ^IWV[IOMZ]VVQVO_IMZ]V[WXXIJTMPMOWUMTQSMVWJWLa

1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

sup1gtQ^I)VOMTIordm1KITTMLPMZgtQ^IPMOQZTPIQV[QTTMLQVUM[MMTKW]ZIOMWUISMKW]VTM[[IL^IVKM[IVLaMUW^MUMWUMZMsup1]UU[ordmM^MZaQUM1UMPMZ1VM^MZTW[QVMZM[QVPMZ7VMLIa1_I[_ITSQVOJaPMQKMKZMIU[ITTX]TTQVO5Z[ltZWJMfrac14[PMTTQ[PLWOITWVOIVLPMZM1[XWMLPMZQVKPQNNWVJTW][M[PIZ-QVOIKPMZZaR]JQTMM_QPQKS-aM[LIZQVOTI[PM[JIQVOPMVM`UQV]M[PM_I[OWVM1ZMUMUJMZMLPW]Z[IVLPW]Z[INMZAringVQ[PQVOIJQOJW_TWNQKMKZMIUUa[MTNPI1frac14LTW[UaKT]KPWVPMLWOTMI[PZQOPPMZMWVPM[XW

MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

1 XZIaML WWL IVL ITT PM IVOMT[ IJW^M PI6QVI_W]TL JMPIVOQVOW]_QP5QSMWZ_PWUM^MZ[PM_I[LIQVO_QPPM[MLIa[JMQVOPMVWWZQW][W_VAEligQZ[PM_I[7ZITMI[[PM_I[[]XXW[MLWSVW_SVW_QV]QQ^MTaIVLQV[IVTaPI1LQLVfrac14TQSMPMZltPMXPWVMZIVOPZMMQUM[JMNWZM[PMIV[_MZMLsup10Ma6QVI IZM aW] NZMM VM`_MMSordm 1 KZQVOML IUa PWTTW_^WQKMsup1]ZMIZMaW]NZMMVM`lt]M[LIaordmPM[MMUMLVWWPI^MPM[TQOPM[ QVSTQVO WN Ua Z]M QVMVQWV[ ltPMZM _I[ WVTa NIQV[]ZXZQ[MIVLMIOMZVM[[QVPMZJZMIPTM[[^WQKM1KW]TLQUIOQVMPMZ_QZTQVOPMMTMXPWVM_QZMNWZN]ZPMZQV[Z]KQWV[1NMTKWZVMZMLsup1AMIP[IaLQVVMZI+PW_KPW_frac14WKTWKSordm1_I[ I[ QN 1 PILXZIKQKML PM[M TQVM[ IP]VLZML QUM[ ltPM_WZL[AEligM_W]WNUaUW]PKPWZMWOZIXPMLWXMZNMKQWVPMV[PMP]VO]XITI[1_I[JQMZTaJTMISraquoWZ_PIfrac141_WVLMZML1LQLVfrac14M^MVSVW__PI1_IVMLNZWUPMIKUMWNUaLZMIU[UQ[[][)VOMTI

7V ]VLIa 1 ZIV QVW)VOMTI I PM JWWS[WZM PM IXXMIZMLNZWU PM JWWS[WZM NIKM AElig][PML KT]KPQVO I PMI^a [PWXXQVOJIO0MZNIKM_I[MIZ[IQVML0MZKPQV_I[[PISQVO1Y]QKSTa]ZVMLI_IaltPMVM`UWUMV[PM_I[QVNZWVWNUMPMZMaM[AEligI[PQVOTQSMP]VLMZJWTsup1AW]TQSMUMordm1_I[IVQUXMZQITWZLMZ[PM[XQMLW]1[WWL[QTMVPMKWVQV]MLPMZQUXIQMVKMOZW_QVO_QPMIKPUWUMVsup1AW]U][ordmPMKWUUIVLMLltPMVPMZNIKMKZ]UXTML[ZIVOM-TaIVL[PM[ITSMLWNN1_IKPMLPMZ]VQT[PMLQ[IXXMIZMLQVWNIZLQ[IVKM

ltPIM^MVWV]VLIa[PWWSUM)TTPM_IaPZW]OP5WVLIa1_I[]X[MK]ZQW][]UW[WNITT1_I[W^MZRWaML1KIVKMTTMLUaLIM_QP6QVI1JMTQM^MLPIgtQ^I)VOMTIPILNITTMVQVTW^M_QPUMIVLLM^I[IMLPI1_I[I[SQVO6QVIWVILIM1JM-TQM^MLPI[PM_I[RMITW][IVLPI[PM_I[TWIPWTMUMOW)UWUMV[1_I[NZMVbQMLIWPMZQUM[1_I[^Q^IKQW][IVLPIXXa1_I[LZ]VS_QP^QKWZasup1QKSMTTUMITTIJW]PMZordm1XTMILML_QPQKS1_IVMLWOMWSVW_PMZM^MVQNI[[PITTW_I[QKSfrac14[JZQMNZMTIQWV[PQX_QPPMZ_I[QKSTI]OPMLZ]LMTasup1AW]IZMUILordm

7Vlt]M[LIafrac14WKTWKS1_I[PMZMQVPMXIZSKIZMN]TTaISQVOW]Ua ^QWTQV IVL JW_ PM KIUM I frac14W KTWKS0MZ TQOP JT]M[SQZOMVTa[_IaMLQVPM_QVLPMKIUMTQSMIZIQTWN_QVLOZIKMN]TIVL_MQOPTM[[ 1_IKPMLPMZ QVILIbMI[[PMKIUMNWZPIZUQVIZU_QPIO]a1frac14LVM^MZ[MMVJMNWZM1_IKPMLPMZPWZW]OPTaPM_IaPMZTQX[XW]MLI[[PM[ILW_VWVPMOZI[[PM_IaPMZMaM[[_QNTa[PWIVIV`QW][OTIVKMIUMPWTLQVOI[_MMXTMI

6MIZTa[]UJTQVO)VOMTIKIUMNWZP0MZ TQX[X]Z[ML QVLMMXPW]OP[PMWWSUa^QWTQVIVL[IZMLWXTIa1_I[PMJM[UMTWLa[PMPILXZWL]KML[WNIZJ]NWZWVKM1NW]VLVWXZIQ[MWWNNMZ_WZL[1PILXZMXIZMLLQMLWVUaTQX[NMTTQVPMLMMXIJa[[WNUa[WUIKP1WVTa[MV[MLPI1_I[JMQVO_IKPMLJaPMAringO]ZMJMPQVLUMJMQVOKITK]TIMLIVL_MQOPMLltPMKWTWZ[LZIQVMLW]WNUaNIKMIVL1[WWL]XIJZ]XTa[MMQVOVWPQVO]1_I[X][PMLLW_VJaKWTLPIVL[PMPIVL[PI)VOMTIPILPMTLQPPQ[PIVL[AringZUTaXTIVMLWVUa[PW]TLMZ[PMTI]OPMLIOIQVIVLIOIQVJWQ[MZW][TaJMTTW_QVOW]]VPQLLMVUQZP1ZMKITTMLQKSfrac14[O]QTMTM[[M`XZM[[QWVI[PMPILTI]OPMLR][ TQSM PI N]TT WN IU][MUMV sup1+PQTTUIMordm PM PIL [IQL 1[PQ^MZMLltPMPIVL[UW^MLVW_)VL1PMIZLNWW[MX[JMPQVLUMQVIVI[[]ZMLZPaPUQKXIKM)VOMTIPITMLQVPMUQLLTMWNI[PZQTT^QJZIW

sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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p$QTGFq

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p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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QWNQUV

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p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

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p+NQUVq

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+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 11: Between The Lines

|art| Junha Hwang

11

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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71

|art| junha hwang

72

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Between The Lines

Page 12: Between The Lines

The man and the girl picked their way among the mangroves and the mud When the mud became marsh the man stopped and looked down at the girl

Can you swim

No

He stood wondering about that but he didnrsquot wonder for long It was the marsh or the road and the road was death

Like all the things he hadnrsquot wanted to do since the world ended he hadnrsquot wanted to go near the water because the marsh at night was no place for the liv-ing - if they wanted to go on living Hersquod wanted to stay on the road and make a bed of blankets and sleep in the woods where it was still dry

But The Last were looking for survivors and they would come along the road

He hadnrsquot wanted to bring the girl either and wouldrsquove left her between her decaying parents at the back of the inn where hersquod found her three days before but his wife dead as she was would not have forgiven him

Having found her he hadnrsquot wanted to talk to her but she needed to speak and so he supposed did heHe hadnrsquot wanted the world to end hersquod wanted to live out his life have kids retire move to the coast fade into old age and then into nothingHe hadnrsquot gotten any of the things hersquod wanted It didnrsquot bother him There was nothing to be done -431gt3aelig38-)8388ů9-431gt9-7amp)94tied was his life and that would end soon enough He only had to wait

But for now there was the marsh and the canoe

Hersquod found the canoe because hersquod known where to look for it It had been fastened to a sign on a storersquos roof The store like the town hersquod once known was empty But there was a coil of rope and so he took it And there was a wrench wedged un-der one of the many bodies The jaw was adjustable and after hersquod scraped the blood from it he put the wrench with the rope In a workroom at the back of the store he found a ladder amongst cracking tar-paulins paint cans and hardened brushesThen he went outside to see about the canoeThe girl followed and waited while he positioned the ladder

What will happen if you fall

He looked at the roof It was a long way up Irsquoll hit the ground he said and began to climb

That had been two days ago

The end of the world had been some time before that It had become harder and harder to keep track of 92amp+979-aelig789=5148438amp3)9-8738amp3)the gunshots and all the screaming and the quiet knocks on locked doors and the coaxing whispers to turn the key to lift the deadbolt to let in the inevitable to feed The Last - and so he didnrsquot There was only today and tomorrow Yesterday re-ally didnrsquot matter

Paul

The girl said while they stood in the mud and watched the water It wasnrsquot his name but shersquod seen it stitched on the sleeve of the military jacket he wore and shersquod

|short story| Christy Lee

Tied

12

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

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+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 13: Between The Lines

taken to calling him by it He hadnrsquot bothered to correct her He doubted either of them would live long enough to regret the lie What he answered

Irsquom hungry

He undid the ties on his rucksack and one by one laid out the contents Matches The wrench A cereal bar A bottle of water

He gave the cereal bar to the girl who put down the bucket she carried and began to eat He watched her a little while thought of saying something nice but didnrsquot know how to begin When she dropped a small chunk of the cereal bar and stooped to pick it out the mud he tried to say her name but realized that he had forgotten it

So he watched her a little longer as she sucked the mud from the gritty piece of cereal bar spat the mud out and chewed the soggy crumbs and he thought that even then he might have grown to like her in another time and in another place

He eased the canoe from his back slid it into the water got down on his haunches and leaned his weight on it The caulking held for a few moments amp3) 9-3 9-aelig789 4+ 9-ltamp97 85) 3Ű )-cided they would have to bail as they went but they wouldnrsquot have to bail as much as hersquod thought He pulled the canoe back on to the shore put the bucket and the oar in the hull and told the girl to climb in He handed his rucksack to the girl and told her to keep it in her lap Then he pushed the canoe out into the marsh walking behind it until the water reached his waist and did his best to 89ccedil-8amp858Ű-71973)amp743)94ltamp9(-him

Is it cold

Itrsquos cold

Will you get sick

Maybe It doesnrsquot matter

When will we come to the end of the water

I donrsquot know

The girl looked up at him What is the Last

Bad people

Are they following us

Yes

will they catch up

I miss my father the girl said And my mother

He didnrsquot say anything to that What was there to say

He wondered why he kept on walking when every-one he knew was dead He had good rope There were trees everywhere He wasnrsquot ready to die When he was ready he would stop

Around sunset they reached the tallest tree he had gt98339-2amp78-Ű1ltltamp729-394-8aelig3-gers and tied one end of the rope around the width of the canoe The other he tied to the wrench and threw it up into the branches When the wrench came down and a branch held the rope he climbed into the canoe and pulled on the rope The canoe rose an inch He pulled some more and the canoe rose an-other inch

He hauled them up that way He hauled for three hours When his arms tired he loosened the wrench put it against the rope twisted it so that the rope held the wrench and tied off the loose end onto a sturdy branch

Then he drank some of the water they had with them listened to the wind in the trees the creaking of the rope and the girlrsquos shallow breathing and lay back in the canoe and slept as well as he couldWhen he woke at some time in the night he hoped that The Last wouldnrsquot follow them into the marsh +97amp3)ů9-7amp3lt41)aelig119-797amp(08amp3)in the morning there would be only undisturbed mud at the edge of the marsh

In the morning there was mist on the water It hadnrsquot looked like it rained A group of men stood waist-deep in the marsh like ghosts in the fog

Come down one said

The man sat watching them There were too many to aelig-9Ű1440)amp99-71lt-4ltamp88911amp815ŰMoisture had gathered on her hair and on her clothes The men of The Last would use her and when they could use her no more she would die

If we have to come up there and get you said one of 9-2339-289Ű))39aelig38-9-9-4-9Ű

The man in the canoe the man the girl called Paul looked down at them and then looked at the rope He loosened the end wrapped around the wrench and keeping his weight on it so that it didnrsquot slip he tied the rope into a noose and slipped the noose around the girlrsquos neck He thought of kissing her forehead but worried that the kiss might wake her and so he didnrsquot

Then he let go of the rope and dropped with the wrench into the mist where he disappeared amongst the scattering men

13

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

MKEJGNNJCVGFOGƂIJVKPICPFVJCVYCUGZCEVN[YJCV+FKFGXGT[FC[6JGYQTMQHCQPFQP KPXGUVKICVQT KP-ENWFGFƂIJVKPIYKVJOWTFGTGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJICPIUVGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJFTWIFGCNGTUCPFƂIJVKPIYKVJUJKVV[RQ-NKEGEJKGHU9KVJCNNVJQUGUECTUVJCV+ECTTKGFCTQWPFK-EJGNN VJQWIJVUJGoFUGGOGFGCFCP[VKOGNN +EQWNFUC[VQJGTYJGPGXGTUJGNQQMGFCVOGYKVJVJQUGVKTG-UQOGG[GUYCU VJCV +YQWNFIKXGWR VJKU UKEM LQDCPFNGCXGYKVJJGTVQCEJCTOKPIN[DWEQNKERNCEGYJGTG+ECPNQQMCVQPN[JGTCPFPQVJKPIGNUG

9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 14: Between The Lines

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

|photography| Jennifer Park

14

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

MKEJGNNJCVGFOGƂIJVKPICPFVJCVYCUGZCEVN[YJCV+FKFGXGT[FC[6JGYQTMQHCQPFQP KPXGUVKICVQT KP-ENWFGFƂIJVKPIYKVJOWTFGTGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJICPIUVGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJFTWIFGCNGTUCPFƂIJVKPIYKVJUJKVV[RQ-NKEGEJKGHU9KVJCNNVJQUGUECTUVJCV+ECTTKGFCTQWPFK-EJGNN VJQWIJVUJGoFUGGOGFGCFCP[VKOGNN +EQWNFUC[VQJGTYJGPGXGTUJGNQQMGFCVOGYKVJVJQUGVKTG-UQOGG[GUYCU VJCV +YQWNFIKXGWR VJKU UKEM LQDCPFNGCXGYKVJJGTVQCEJCTOKPIN[DWEQNKERNCEGYJGTG+ECPNQQMCVQPN[JGTCPFPQVJKPIGNUG

9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 15: Between The Lines

|poetry| James Shillabeer

A diaphragm in a playground no longer has symbolic weight because ldquowerdquo have lost our way but really we havenrsquot its just a sort of exaggeration that makes us think we are generationally distinct and have rede-ned what it is to be pleasurably screwed up indulging in faux despair and unnecessary French language interruptions masquerading as renements while thinking unimaginable that we can be topped because if we are not at the edge where are we At a window Well we are precisely where they left us which is where they were left in their turn to lark in inheritance and spend it on more of the same with the volume raised so that we can drown out the absence of nagging doubts which we hope upon like those countless meteors that could one day interrupt the rotation of the earth and bring no sun to bear against our almost-instinct

what Phil down the pub was chatting about

15

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

MKEJGNNJCVGFOGƂIJVKPICPFVJCVYCUGZCEVN[YJCV+FKFGXGT[FC[6JGYQTMQHCQPFQP KPXGUVKICVQT KP-ENWFGFƂIJVKPIYKVJOWTFGTGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJICPIUVGTUƂIJVKPIYKVJFTWIFGCNGTUCPFƂIJVKPIYKVJUJKVV[RQ-NKEGEJKGHU9KVJCNNVJQUGUECTUVJCV+ECTTKGFCTQWPFK-EJGNN VJQWIJVUJGoFUGGOGFGCFCP[VKOGNN +EQWNFUC[VQJGTYJGPGXGTUJGNQQMGFCVOGYKVJVJQUGVKTG-UQOGG[GUYCU VJCV +YQWNFIKXGWR VJKU UKEM LQDCPFNGCXGYKVJJGTVQCEJCTOKPIN[DWEQNKERNCEGYJGTG+ECPNQQMCVQPN[JGTCPFPQVJKPIGNUG

9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 16: Between The Lines

|art| Solji Choi

16

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 17: Between The Lines

|art| Solji Choi |art| Solji Choi

17

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 18: Between The Lines

One morning a fine one tooWas a man who started his day

As he did beforeBarely awakened by the deep rumbles of caffeine

And the colorless sunlightHe sits down like any other day

The worn out visageReflected on the filthy woodSeems to have no end to it

Like always the man lowered his eyesHoping to see his unhappiness

Only to stare atA curious thing a radiant blue

That shoneEven in the darkest clouds

But gave tears to any

His eyes brightened up A relief to run away from his life at first

After gasping at its value

His mouth smothered with salivaShowed his toothless inside

Roaring roaringThat now he could be mighty

Haughty over thousands Who would kneel low

Hoping to get a glimpse of thatMagnificent fruit that peculiar hue

While rejoicedHis body trembled with familarity

Only for a momentFear that he had so long agoLosing something precious

What meant being paralyzed of bitterness

Shaking his head he stares at itOver and over

Until he jumps at the soundOf heavy knocks

Shouts of men threatening him

The uproar makes him Frantic aghast

DevastatedJust to imagine its bluish glow gone

The blares outside gets closerthuds of pillars

trying to break inUntil he in a blink

Shoves the fruit into his mouth

Chewing furiously at the raw fruitWithout even peeling

The white juice oozes down his chinWith bits left undigested

Tears pour down his wrinklesWere they sadness

Were they satisfactionor merely its pungent taste

The sharpnessPoking his blaring nostrils

Did he notice it at all

The strong taste That left the wall of the mouth

Inflamed and sore

No longer were there any menOnly the faint chimes of birds

And the bustle of streets

He glances at cold ground withthe bits of fruit left

And criesFalls Falls

The Blue Onion

|poetry| chloe kim

18

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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9G YGTGOCTTKGF HQT VJTGG [GCTU DWV FKFPoV JCXG CP[MKFU1PGYCUFGCFDGHQTGKVYCUDQTPCPFVJGUGEQPFQPGFKGFQHEJQNGTCCHGYFC[UCHVGTKVUDKTVJ9KVJXCR-KFG[GUKEJGNNYQWNFYQPFGT CTQWPF VJGJQWUGCPFUETGCO VJCV UJG JGCTU VJG IJQUV QH JGT DCDKGU ET[KPIKPVJGQVJGTTQQO1PGPKIJV+JCFVQUVQRJGTYKVJCNNO[UVTGPIVJVQMGGRJGTHTQOUNCUJKPIJGTYTKUVYKVJCMPKHG5JGYCUIQKPIKPUCPGCPFKVYCUJQTTKDNGVQUGGJGTIQKPIVJTQWIJUWEJRCKP+VJQWIJV+oFFQCP[VJKPIVQOCMGJGT JCRR[ CICKP VJCV KU WPVKN UJG UWFFGPN[FKUCRRGCTGFNGCXKPIOGCPQVGUC[KPIVJCVUJGYCUYKVJCPQVJGTOCP

+VTKGFVQWPFGTUVCPFJGT+VYCUPCVWTCNVJCVUJGYQWNFYCPVVQTGUGVJGTNKHGYKVJQWVVJGJQTTKDNGOGOQT[QHJGTFGCFEJKNFTGPJCWPVKPIJGT$WV + JCF UQOCP[ VJKPIUVQVGNNJGTVJCV+YCUUQTT[VJCV+OKUUGFJGTCPFVJCV+ UVKNN NQXGF JGT HGYOQPVJU NCVGTYJGP + JGCTF VJGPGYU VJCV UJGYCU JCRR[ KP JGT PGY JQWUGJQNFOQ-TQUGVWTPGFKPVQCIQP[CPFCIQP[VWTPGFKPVQTCIG6JGDWTPKPIPKIJVOCTGQHCDCPFQPOGPVGPITCXGFCUECTKPVJGFGGRGUVRCTVQHO[JGCTV

+JCFCVJQWUCPFSWGUVKQPUVQCUMCOCUUKXGFGUKTGVQJQNFJGTKPO[CTOCICKPCPFGPFNGUUFTGCOUKPYJKEJ+YQWNFUVCDJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKP+YQPFGTGFJQYUJGYQWNFTGCEVKH+VQNFJGTVJCVCUOWEJCU+NQXGFJGT+YCUCNUQDWTPKPIKPWPGZVKPIWKUJCDNGƃCOGUQHTGXGPIGampQ[QW NQXGJKO + CUMGFJGT KPO[FTGCOUYJKNG +oOUNCUJKPIJGTQXGTCPFQXGTCICKPampQ[QWNQXGJKO+PVJQUGFTGCOUUJGYQWNFPGXGTTGRN[

+RQWTGFO[UGNHKPVQCPGYECUGOQTGVJCP+WUWCNN[FKF6JGFC[+ECWIJVVJGUWURGEVYCUITC[YKVJCVKPVQHTGFKPVJGYKPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFCVOGYKVJJKUƂPIGTVKRUUVCKPGFKPUECTNGVV+NQQMGFDCEMCVJKOYKVJPQGOQVKQPKPO[G[GUJQNFKPICEKICTGVVGVJCVYCUCNOQUVDWTPGFVQ VJGGPF6JGMKNNGT NQQMGFDCEM VQ VJGEQTRUG CPFOWTOWTGF

p$QTGFq

5VGRRKPIQPVJGEKICTGVVGVJCVJCFETKRRNGFKPVQCUJGU+TGRNKGF

p+MPQYq

GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 19: Between The Lines

|art| Boeun Choo

19

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 20: Between The Lines

Oulipoipo

|POETRY| JILLIAN CHUN

You have a couple of eyes

Dug in your smooth sandy face

Like two pits of desert oasis

when you daydream

Bluish moods float carelessly

Surface of tainted glass

Coy smiles lifting their skirts Coy smiles lifting their skirts

Effortless

Unsaid jokes effervesce silently

Fizzing like spilt soda

Shallow aquarium

Full of swimming emotions

Your pupils like round pebbles

Thrown in to that clear waters Thrown in to that clear waters

Gleaming darkly like

Bathtub stoppers

Shredded waves

Stir out when insults

Plunge deep like a bold

Fishing hook

When knifely tongues When knifely tongues

Gut your opinions

Their glittering indigo

Fins ripped

And pained

Your marine dreams

Splay under the sun

MarinatedMarinated

After the storm your

Eyes saturated with sleep

Laps away in small waves

The shores of the dreamland

I lean down

Like a thirsty traveler

For a sip of For a sip of

The everblue

-

20

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

PMJZIVKPM[_QPUaAringVOMZ[ltPIVQOP1KITTML]X6QVIWI[SPMZW]WVILIM

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PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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GTGCEJGFHQTVJGIWPKPJKURQEMGVCPFNQQMGFCVOGSWKKECNN[+CEVWCNN[MKPFQHJQRGFVJCVJGYQWNFUJQQVOG+PUVGCFJGUCKF

pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

5WTRTKUGF CPF [GV KPFKHHGTGPV + FKFPoV UC[ C YQTF[G[GDTQYU VYKVEJGF KP TGRN[ G UOKNGF ETQQMGFN[ CPFJCPFGFOGJKUIWPCNQPIYKVJCRKGEGQHRCRGT6JGIWPYCURTKPVGFYKVJJKUƂPIGTRTKPVUCPFVJGRCRGTJCFCPCFFTGUUYTKVVGPQPKV9CUVJKUCKPFKECVKQPQHUWTTGPFGT1TLWUVUQOGRGTXGTVGFVTKEMVQUCXGJKOUGNH

p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

p1J+oOLWUVDNQQF[VKTGFQHKVCNNq

KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 21: Between The Lines

oulipooulipoOulipoOulipooulipo is a unique approach to writing that is best represented by

the technique of lsquorestrained writingrsquo and originally began in 1960s among French writers and mathematicians Oulipo seeks to enhance poetic creativity and rhythmic quality in poems by employing mathematical systems and structured lsquorulesrsquo There are many variations including those that use popular code forms such as anagrams to those that use re-straints such as using only vowels for a poem In this section of the BTL literary magazine poets have employed methods such as N+7 V+7 (changing an already-published poem by changing every nounverb by the seventh word after it in a dictionary) Snowball (creating a visual widening structure) or usage of active onomatopoeia

21

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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71

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72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 22: Between The Lines

chickenBluebells|poetry|Jillian Chun -Dannie Abse and Oxford school dictionary and verbs that were six words too late

Cutting for the bluebells near St Mellons

two boys taunted the defecating of the l ight

in a h igh ebbing tunnel They strained

left foot on the pedal right on the ground

to shower loudly My hedgehog Glad is sad aye

When Ke ith lashed I DON lT BELONG IN GOD

belong in God in God in God a sudden

WHOOSH reprimanded Four pupils d impled

Tachycardia A goods train clotted over

and multitudinous thunderbolts stammered

Later b ikes annih i lated against a stout tree

they heated a mayonnaise bee sh ivering

among the profusion of flowers they bestowed

to pie Ke ith saluted Devout l ittle bugger

stings l ike a daft insect ls prayer to me

Through the returning dark tunnel they hugged

echoes and lasted But the small dot rel ished

below the big question mark when they combed out

(bluebells al ive in the handlebar baskets)

blessed in the unanswering l ight of the world

22

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

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GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 23: Between The Lines

chicken

|art| Boeun Choo

23

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 24: Between The Lines

Red was your comaIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodshotWas it redhead-octapus for warming the deafHaiku to make immortalThe precious hellish redhead the fanatic redheads

When you had your way finallyOur root was red A juggernaut champagneShut castanets for generals The carrot of bloodshotPatterned with darkening CongressThe cushy-rugby corn bloodshotSheer bloodshot-fame from ceilbate to floppy-diskThe customers the same The sameRaw carnivore along the wine-seaweedA throbbing Celsius Aztec alternative-tenant

Only the boomerangs escaped into whiteness

And outside the winePorcupines thin and writhing-frailAs the skirt on bloodSamurai that your faucet named you afterLike blood lobbing from a gastropodAnd rostrums the heartrsquos last governess

Catastrophobic arterial doomedYour veneable long full skull a sweatshirt of bloodA lavish burrowYour liquid a dipped deep crisp

You reveled in redI felt it raw- like the crisp GCSE editionOf a stiffening wrapper I could touchThe open vendetta in it the crusted glimpse Evoke you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with rostrums defeated itLeaned over it dripping rostrumsWeeping rostrums and more rostrumsThen sometimes among them a little bluff-birth control

Blue was better for you Blue has winklesKingfisher blue silvers from San FranciscoFolded your preludeIn crucifiable caribousBlue was your kindly spit- not a gibberishBut electrified a guffaw thoughtful

In the pitchblende of red

You hid from the bonus-clitoris whiteness

But the jigsaw you lost was blue

Red was your colourIf not red then white But redWas what you wrapped around youBlood-red Was it bloodWas it red-ochre for warming the deadHaematite to make immortalThe precious heirloom bones the family bones

When you had your way finallyOur room was red A judgement chamberShut casket for gems The carpet of bloodPatterned with darkenings congealmentsThe curtains -- ruby corduroy bloodSheer blood-falls from ceiling to floorThe cushions the same The sameRaw carmine along the window-seatA throbbing cell Aztec altar -- temple

Only the bookshelves escaped into whiteness

And outside the windowPoppies thin and wrinkle-frailAs the skin on bloodSalvias that your father named you afterLike blood lobbing from the gashAnd roses the hearts last goutsCatastrophic arterial doomed

Your velvet long full skirt a swathe of bloodA lavish burgandyYour lips a dipped deep crimson

You revelled in redI felt it raw -- like crisp gauze edgesOf a stiffening wound I could touchThe open vein in it the crusted gleam

Everything you painted you painted whiteThen splashed it with roses defeated itLeaned over it dripping rosesWeeping roses and more rosesThen sometimes among them a little bluebird

Blue was better for you Blue was wingsKingfisher blue silks from San FranciscoFolded your pregnancyIn crucible caressesBlue was your kindly spirit -- not a ghoulBut electrified a guardian thoughtful

In the pit of redYou hid from the bone-clinic whiteness

But the jewel you lost was blue

RedTed Hughes

Blue|remix poetry|Jillian Chun Ted Hughes and Oxford school dictionary

24

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 25: Between The Lines

Mars Being Red

Marvin Bell

Being red is the color of a white sun where it lingers on an arm Color of time lost in sparks of space lost inside dance Red of walks by the railroad in the flush

of youth while our steps released the squeaks of shoots reaching for the light Scarlet of sin crimson

of fresh blood ruby and garnet of the jewel bed early sunshine vestiges of the late sun as it turns

green and disappears Be calm Do not give in to the rabid red throat of age In a red world imprint

the valentine and blush of romance for the dark It has come You will not be this quick-to-redden forever

You will be green again again and again

Earth Being Blue |remix poetry| Yunha Hwang (inspired by Mars Being Red)

Being blue is the color of black sea where it lingers on a chin Color of time surging in waves of space rising Above floods Blue of sighs by the trumpets in the chill

of ageing while our gazes released the tears of teal sinking to the bottom Indigo of death turquoise of bruised corpse sapphire and opal of the coral bed

deep moonlight spirit of the full moon as it pales to bones and disappears Be alive Do not give in

to the languid blue veins of sage In a blue world render The silence and a droplet of peace for the war

It has gone You will not be this quick-to-ashen forever You will be green again again and again

25

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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|short prose| Alliju kim

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 26: Between The Lines

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

snowball

|poetry|jillian chun

26

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 27: Between The Lines

|POETRY| YU

NH

A HW

ANG

ABeCan

DropEatenFuzzedHoneyIcicled

Jell-OedKnifelike

Length of aMangled toe

Nameless nestOf frostbitten bugs

Paralyzed wings likeQuicksand the winters

Rake away hungrily whileSalivating savagely over all

That has lived a bit too long itrsquos aUbiquitous law One unicorn dies everytime a

Virgin gets her hymen pierced the God scratches old menrsquosWrinkles digs up fleshy dirt to mold fingers for that child yet unborn

X chromosomes knots and descend heirlooms of a glint in the eye or an arch in the smile a shard of theYesterday midst of all that a dead bee can drop eaten fuzzed honey icicled jell-oed knifelike and nestled within its parched almost hollow stomach is perhaps a faint bu

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

27

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 28: Between The Lines

The Perfectionist

Every morning starts off with visiting the local coffee shop that probably lives off the money I spend in it everyday A cup of dark Americano with two teaspoons of sugar and no cream please ndash in three minutes sharp The barista shoots me that eerie half smilehalf wince expression and I reply by raising my eye-brows Hersquos probably thinking ldquoWhatrsquos the point of buying a dark Americano if yoursquore going to put sugar in itrdquo or something along those lines Well there isnrsquot And thatrsquos why my world is beautiful- a highly

intellectual concept that he will never understand

Heading out from the coffee shop I puff up the collars of my favorite navy Burberry jacket and sip some of my bittersweet Americano I wince ndash the barista had put in two and a half teaspoons of sugar when I had VSHFLAgraveFDOODVNHGIRUWZR7KHH[WUDQHRXVKDOIWHDVSRRQFRPSOHWHOUXLQVWKHWDVWHIDYRULQPPRUQLQJcoffee making it bittersweet-sweet instead of just bittersweet So I throw it away in the next trash bin I see and walk on without giving it a second glance They always say that the start determines the rest ndash my motto in life And so I donrsquot let this kind of trivial slip become a negative premonition of my day

I buy a bag of popcorn from the vending machine and head toward Central Park where I usually feed the ducks At the park my usual seat on the bench is surprisingly warm and I feel a bit violated for a moment my sacred spot having been intruded upon by someone else Yet this mild irritation disappears after I catch

the sight of two ducks waddling toward me

Riiiip goes the paper bag and the smell of factory made popcorn stings my nostrils I grab a handful and scatter it in front of the waddling ducks Waddle waddle waddle they go as they pick at the popcorn throw

it up in the air gobble it up and repeat this cycle

Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble Waddle pick swish gobble

From past experience I know that it takes about twenty two (when there are many ducks and they are hun-gry) to thirty three (when there arenrsquot that many ducks) minutes to empty the bag of popcorn Today I had SUHGLFWHGWKDWLWZRXOGWDNHPLQXWHVWRAgraveQLVKWKLVDFWLYLWEXWZLOOQHYHUUHDOONQRZEHFDXVHIRU

WKHAgraveUVWWLPHIRUJRWWRWLPHPVHOI

First the wrong coffee and now this

My life has always been perfect ndash and today will be too

I look at my watch and realize that itrsquos only 834am Not too late to start a new day It takes me twenty two minutes to walk back to my apartment I take off my clothes and hang them in the closet in the same place as theyrsquore always in before I get dressed in the morning I lie down in bed retime my watch to 659am and pose as if I have fallen asleep A few seconds later the alarm rings - itrsquos 700am

I reopen my eyes

Itrsquos a brand new day And everything is going to be perfect

|short prose| Aekyung sin

28

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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|short prose| Alliju kim

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 29: Between The Lines

|art| Hanna Lee

|short prose| Aekyung sin

|art| Hanna Lee

29

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1_I[PM_IaPMZMaM[AEligI[PML]XWVUMTQSMRWaQ[MTNPM_IaPMZMaM[KW]TLPITPM[Y]MISQVO_WZL[QVUaUW]PWITIba[WX 1_I[ PM_Ia PMZ [TMVLMZ IZU[ JZ]ITTa JIMZML IVLJZ]Q[MLUa^QWTQVR][TQSMPIPMZMWVPMOZI[[1_I[PM_Ia[PMTMNUMJZMIPTM[[IVLKWTLI[QKM

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 30: Between The Lines

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MITQbIQWV KIUM TIM ] [TW_Ta Q LI_VML WVUM PM _IaL][S[M[QV1KW]TL[IVLPMWZUMVVWTWVOMZPMVAringVITTaQKSPITNPMIZMLTaIOZMMLW MTTUMITTIJW]PMZ 1PIL[]K-K]UJML WUa JMMZ R]LOUMV ltPM MVLTM[[ LIa[ IVL VQOP[WN[PMMZM`KZ]KQIQWV_W]TLKWUMWI[WX1_W]TL[MMPMZVWTWVOMZltPIVQOP1OWVW[TMMXIITT1_IKPMLPMZMMTMI^M[UISMLQU[PILW_[WVPMK]ZIQV[ ZIKMLPM TMIVK]Z^M[WN

Comma

|short prose| Alliju kim

30

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|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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71

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72

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Between The Lines

Page 31: Between The Lines

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sup1WXordm[PM_IZQTa_PQ[XMZMLsup11frac14UOWQVOcedil_IQordmPM[PW]MLQVITW]LMZ^WQKMPMKI]OPPQ[PIVLZQXXQVOSQ[[MLQWVJMVL-MLSVMM[1KTW[MLUaMaM[

1PMTLPMTI[NZIOUMV[WNUaI_ML^Q[QWVWNgtQ^I)VOMTII[[PMKIUMQVWPMXIZS1PMTLPMTI[QUIOMWNPMZI[IXI]XMZLM[XMZIMTaKTQVOQVOWV+IZMTM[[TaW[[MLI[QLMTQSM1_I[1]V-LMZ[WWLITTWW_MTT1]VLMZ[WWLPI1_I[IVQV[Z]UMVQVPMZMaM[ITQSMQVVI]ZM_QPPMKPIXXML^QWTQV0MZLM[QZMWNTW^M_I[[WOZMIPIM^MVI[I[]J[Q]M1_I[I^QITWJRMKltPMV[PMPILVMMLMLUMQVWZLMZWZW][MXI[[QWVQVPMZTW^MZfrac14[PMIZ 7VTa Q PILVfrac14_WZSML 8Qa ZW[M QV[QLMUM PW]OP NWZ_PWU1KW]TLVW[Ia)VLPMPIZ[PJMZIaIT1NMTITWVO_QPPMP]ZIVLIVOMZIVLPMTXTM[[VM[[ITTR]UJTML]XQVI[WZLQL_Q[5a^MQV[_W]VLQVWIPZWJJQVOSVWZMILaWJZMIS1XWQVMLPMJW_frac14[QXW_IZL[UaKPM[UQUQKSQVOI[IJJQVOUWQWVltPM[SaTQY]QLIMLQVIXWWTWNJT]MQVSJMNWZMUaMaM[

1UUMLQIMTa ]XWV ZM]ZVQVO PWUM 1 TWKSMLUa LWWZ 1 KW]TLPI^MKZQMLPM_PWTMVQOP]PMZM_I[VWN]MTQV[QLMUMTMNWJ]ZV]XWKZaIVLIKPM1PIL[XMVWWU]KPMVMZOaTW^QVO)VOMTIltPMZM_I[VWUWZMLMXW[QW_QPLZI_NZWUZIVOMTaJ]ZLMVML1XT]VSMLLW_VWVUaJML[IZQVOQVWMUXa[XIKMltPIVQOP6QVIKITTMLUM1WTLPMZQVPMPIZ[PM[_WZL[PW_1PILI[SMLPMZW]WVTaJMKI][M[PMAEligQZML_QPM^MZaJWLa1PMIZLPMZQVISMWNOI[XPMZZMXZWIKPN]TJZMIPPITQVOJMNWZM1P]VO]XWVPMZltPMVM`LIa1UMPMZ]XIVL[WWPMLPMZ_QP PM[WN_WZL[WN TW^MPMSVM_PM Z]P][PM_I[INZIQLWNM`XW[QVOPMZ[MTNR][TQSM1_I[IVLPMWVTaQUM[PMLQ[KTW[MLPMZSVW_TMLOM_I[_PMV[PMTWWSML]XIUM_QPPMZNZIVSJT]MMaM[XQMZKQVOPZW]OPUM1SQ[[MLPMZWVPMZMaM-TQL[WUISMPMZTWWSI_IaPMJZ][PMLUMI[QLMIVLSQ[[MLUMJIKSPIZLMZ^MVOMIVKMIVLXZQLMJZMISQVOPMZQVWZMU-JTM[WNZI_XI[[QWVM[IZMLOWQVO[MILaINMZPI

)[NWZ)VOMTI1VW_NMT[]KPTQOPQVLQNNMZMVKMW_IZL[PMZPI1KW]TL NMMT PMMUXa[XIKM QVUaPMIZltPMWVTaPQVOPIOVI_MLIUM_I[UaQVKZML]TQaIPW_[PMKW]TLXW[[QJTaNITTQVTW^M_QP[]KPILW]KPMJIO)[QPIXXMVML1PILPMKPIVKMWI[SQ7VI_QVMZLIa1UMPQUWVPM[ZMM[IOIQVIVL1QV[QVKQ^MTaJTWKSMLPQ[_IaJWTLTa[IQVOUaY]M[QWV0M[IZMLIUM_QPW]MUWQWVUMZMTaIKSVW_TMLOQVOUaXZM[-MVKM0Q[PIVL[L]OQVWPMXWKSM[WNPQ[NILMLRMIV[sup1MKI][M[PMTW^M[UMordm0M[IQL1NITMZMLsup11I[SMLaW]cedil_Paordm0MLQLVfrac14IV[_MZUM]QV[MILPM[IQL[WUMPQVOMT[MPIKPIVOMLUM NWZM^MZ WWSUMI_Ia NZWUUaXPI[MWN TIMX]-JMZaIVLLZMIU[sup1WaW]JMTQM^MQVZ]MTW^Mordm

ltPI_QVMZ[VW_NMTT[WPMI^QTaPI[KPWWTKTW[MLNWZWVM_MMS1 [XMV PM_PWTM_MMS OWQVO W PM XIZS NMMLQVO PM L]KS[IQQVO_IQQVOTQSMIT_Ia[ZMILaWJZMISI_Ia_PIM^MZZM-UIQVQVOJIZZQMZ[ZMILaW[IZIVM_QVITTaWVZQLIaVQOP1 ZMITQbML PI_PIM^MZ 1_I[ ZaQVO WXZW^M_I[XWQVTM[[1frac14LNWZOWMV_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZ[WUM_PMZMQVJM_MMVPMMVLTM[[ZQX[I[1 ZaQVOWIM[UaJMZIaIT QVPMZ NITT WLQ[OZIKM)WVQVO1[WXXMLPQVSQVOITWOMPMZIVL_ITSMLJIKSPWUM1UQ[[MLLQVVMZ1PILVWIXXMQM

PMV[VW_]ZVMLWZIQVIVL[KPWWTZMWXMVML1NW]VLUa[MTNISQVOW]JWWSINMZJWWSNZWUPM[PMTN[ZQXXQVOQJIZM]VQT1LQ[TWLOML_PI1_I[TWWSQVONWZltPMVW_9]MMV0WTLQVOPMKWWT[TIJ1ZMUMUJMZML)VOMTII[[PMPILJMMVPMAringZ[QUM1UMPMZ[]JTQUMQVPMZOMVTMOTW_WNRWaIVL1LMIZTaPWXMLPI [PMPIL ZMUIQVML NZWbMV NWZM^MZ QVPMZ [MKT]LML_WZTLLM^WQLWNM^MZaPQVOP]UIV

|short prose| Alliju kim

31

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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p+MPQYq

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pCPFOGQXGTVQVJGEQWTV9KNN[QWq

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p+UVJKUGPQWIJq

p9J[CTG[QWFQKPIVJKUq

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KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

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+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

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+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

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+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

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5VWRKF

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p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

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p9JCVq

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p+NQUVq

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pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

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p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 32: Between The Lines

32

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 33: Between The Lines

|art| Lucia Kim33

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 34: Between The Lines

|POETRY| JAMES SHILLABEER

I am so sorry they are disappointing It is their fault that they are heavy And dull and empty of words

They did not last long and it seems Like their efforts were expelled Without inflating

A single thought that we can hold Even when they brush against you There is no way to tell

That they were there Numb uniformity does not answer A single question for us

Or provide an order with which to make our turn betterAnd the imprint they leave

is so unshapely Yet as they are drawn along to God Knows where

I swear the dead hand Drags beyond its weight and Anchors if only for a second

A suggestionthat we mustcare

34

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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KICTGVVGUOQMGFKUUKRCVGFKPVJGCKT

CPF[QWQXGTVQVJGEQWTVQWFQPoVJCXGCTKIJVVQDGJCPIGFQWUJQWNFUWHHGTFC[UCPFPKIJVUYKVJIWKNVUWHHQECVKPI[QWTVJTQCV

QYGXGT+FKFPoVUJQYO[TCIGCVCNN+PUVGCF+TGCEJGFHQTO[RQEMGVCPFRWNNGFQWVCPQVJGTEKICT

pQWJCXGƂTGq

G VJTGYOGCOCVEJ$TGCVJKPIFGGRN[ KPVQPGYN[ NKVEKICT+URQMGUNQYN[

p+oOUQTT[DWV[QWoTGPQVVJGQPN[RGTUQPKPVJKUUVTGGVVJCVKUDQTGFPQYq

GTGRNKGFYKVJCNCWIJ

p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 35: Between The Lines

|art| Boeun Choo

35

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p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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72

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Between The Lines

Page 36: Between The Lines

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p9JCVCTG[QWVCNMKPICDQWVQWUJQWNFECVEJOGTKIJVPQYQWTLQDKUVQVCMGOGVQVJGEQWTVCPFJCPIOGCVFCYP6JCVKUYJCV[QWYCPVKUPoVKVq

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTUOQMGCPFUOKNGF

p9GNN+oODQTGFVQQq

GNCWIJGFQWVNQWF6JGMKNNGTYKRGFJKUHCEGYKVJJKU

|short story| Eun yuep Kim

Vestige

36

ƂPIGTUYJKEJNGHVCUVTGCMQHDNQQFQPJKUEJGGMU

p1JDWV[QWoNNEJCPIG[QWTOKPFYJGP[QWUGGYJGTGVJCVCFFTGUUVCMGU[QWq

+ICXGVJGRCRGTCEWTUQT[INCPEG

p9J[q

p1J+MPQY[QWYGNNKPXGUVKICVQT+MPQY[QWoTGUGCTEJ-KPIHQT[QWTYKHGCPF+MPQYYJGTGUJGKUq

ampQPoVMKFYKVJOGHGNNC

+DTGCVJGFKPCPQVJGTEKICT

6JCVFQGUPoVOGCPCP[VJKPIVQOGPQY

6JGEKICTVTGODNGFUNKIJVN[DGVYGGPO[ƂPIGTU

pQWVJKPM +YQWNFPoVMPQYVJGUEJGOGUDCUVCTFU NKMG[QWWUGCICKPUVVJGRQNKEGq

5VWRKF

+NQQMGFCVVJGEQTRUGDGJKPFJKOVJGDNQQFYCUUVKNNNGCMKPIHTQOVJGJGCTV

p6JKUKUVJGVTWVJUKT+oOVJGOCPYJQNWTGF[QWTYKHGKPVQO[CTOU +V KUOGYJQUJGNQXGUPQYGU KVYCURCTV QH C ICOGYQPFGTHWN ICOG + MPGY [QW NQXG[QWTYKHGOQTGVJCPCP[VJKPI$WV KVYKNNDG[QWT NQXGYJQYKNNOQWTP QXGTO[ FGCVJ PQY 5JGoNN ENWVEJO[EQTRUGCPFET[KPCIQP[YJGP+oOJCPIGFD[[QWTQYPJCPFU9JGVJGT+FKGQTPQV+YKNNYKPVJKUICOGQWNQUVq

6JGUOKNGDTGCEJGFYKFGN[CETQUUJKUHCEG+HQTEGFQWVC NCWIJ LWUV VQ TGUVTCKPO[UGNH HTQOMKNNKPIJKOCV VJGURQVGNQQMGFCVOGJKUG[GUHWNNQHRKV[CPFFGTKUKQP

p+ NQXGFJGT[GU +VTKGFVQƂPFJGT[GUDWVVJGTGoUPQPGGFHQTVJKUCFFTGUUUQTT[q

QPHWUKQPFKUVQTVGFJKUUOKNG

p$GECWUG +oO NQQMKPICVJGT TKIJVPQYUQPQWYGTGVQQFTGPEJGFKPFTWIUVQMPQYVJCVYGTGPoV[QW6JGYQOCP[QWLWUVUNCWIJVGTGFYCUO[YKHGO[NQXGO[CNNCPFPQYIQPGq

p9JCVq

KUXQKEGHGNNTQWEJKPIPGZVVQJGTJGNQQMGFCVVJGHCEGQHVJGEQTRUG0QYKVYCUOGYJQYCUNCWIJKPI

QWNQUV

+VJTGYVJGDWTPVEKICTVQVJGITQWPFCPFUVCORGFQPKV

p9CUKV[QWTRNCPVQEQCZOGKPVQVJKUUVTGGVYJKNG+YCUWPFGT VJG KPƃWGPEG QH FTWIU QW MPGYKEJGNN YCUJGTG QW EQWNFoXG UVQRRGF OG QW EQWNFoXG UCXGF[QWTYKHGQWNQXGFJGTQWNQXGFJGTeeq

GU+NQXGFJGTXGPPQY+NQXGJGTYKVJCNNO[JGCTV

HVGTHGYOKPWVGUQHFCORUKNGPEGJGOWTOWTGF

p+NQUVq

GTUETGCODGIIKPIHQTOGTE[TCPIVJTQWIJO[GCTU

9J[FKF[QWNQXGVJKUOCPKPVJGƂTUVRNCEGKEJGNNampQ[QWNQXGJKOPQY

+YCNMGFQWVQHVJGUEGPGO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJEKICTCUJGUCPFDNQQF

$GJKPFOGVJGTGYCUCDNCUVQHIWPƂTG+FKFPoVJCXGVQNQQMDCEMVQUGGYJCVJCFJCRRGPGF

pQTGECUGUq

+QPN[NQQMGFCVO[UJQGUUVCKPGFYKVJKEJGNNoUDNQQF+YKUJGFVJGDNQQFEQWNFDGENGCPGFGCUKN[+NKMGVJGUGUJQGUPFGXGT[VJKPI+YQTGKV+JCFCUQWTCETKFVCUVGKPO[OQWVJVJGVCUVGQHDNQQF6JGCUUKUVCPVJCPFGFOGPWOGTQWUƂNGUVJCVEQPVCKPGFTGEGPVWPUQNXGFETKOGU+NQQMGFVJTQWIJVJGƂNGUGCEJQPGNCDGNGFnOWTFGToQTnNCTEGP[oQTnOKUCRRTQRTKCVKQPoQTnCTUQPoCPFUQQP

pG[q+ECNNGFVQO[CUUKUVCPV

pGUUKTq

p6JGUGECUGUq

pGUUKT5QOCP[JQTTKDNGECUGUCTGPoVVJG[q

p+oODQTGFq

37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 37: Between The Lines

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37

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 38: Between The Lines

While you stared at your fingers

I blew to the androgynous abyss

The end of the spectrum

The unprickable false line

The horizon

Go on I say take a drop of sky

Hold it in your hand

Smear it between your fingers

Watch it disappear

Blue

And

You prick your finger again

And

You say Let us not go there

And

Deny life its color

And

The Non-Existence of Blue|poetry| Megan Smith

Prick your finger I say

And you do with the fine point of a needle

Until a single drop of blood emerges

Like life in spring

And then you stare closely

You rub the color thin

between index and thumb

It smears and it remains

Red

Now prick the sky I say

You reply I am full of imagery

And metaphors

And nonsense

Sky and

Water Red

and Blue

And is nothingness

38

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 39: Between The Lines

|art| Junha Hwang

39

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 40: Between The Lines

40

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 41: Between The Lines

|photogra-phy| Jen-nifer Park

Blooming|poetry| Chloe Kim

Looking down upon others Distance already distant Stars no longer embedded in my eyes 7VTaPMOZQU[SaTQVMAringTT[QVWBottles of tears Dry parched stains in harmony With red blots drawn over my wrist

Cold callous winds dance )TWVO_QPPIQZOWVMAEligIltPMUMZZa[XQZQ[WNJZMMbM[AEligaWNN

Standing alone on top of the very bridge Hundreds died those who are myself Understanding my destiny That I shall have to move on Into a different life Full of heaven

Breathing in last glups An end to doom Stepping out for the spirits to catch Hearing the lonely ghosts eager for company Howling screaming to take my hand

Hear cheers of joy ltPMAringZ[WVM[PI_IZUUaPMIZFierce gales of life getting fainter

The fall into the waters Falling into the arms of the river 1JMKWUM[IJMI]QN]TAEligW_MZSplashing its pollen Blooming to meet me

|photography| Jennifer Park 41

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 42: Between The Lines

The Beautiful Toilet Translation as a poetic practice

T S Eliot in his literary essay ldquoThe Music of Poetryrdquo (1942) writes ldquoI believe that any language so long as it is the same language imposes its laws and restrictions and permits its own license dictates its own speech rhythms and sound patternsrdquo 7KHXQLTXHZDVLQZKLFKDODQJXDJHLVVWUXFWXUHGSRVHGLIiquestFXOWLHVLQWUDQVODWLQJOLW-erary works Especially when translating poetry a genre with heavy usage of rhythm and sounds translation almost seems like a futile maneuver that fails to do neither the source language nor the receiver language justice

For a long time the purpose method and ethics of literary translation have been much disputed Translated literary works were often considered not as ldquoliteraturerdquo of its own sovereign literary value but rather as a murky informative window to different cultures Translating literature seemed forever an incomplete and imperfect practice However Ezra Pound (1885-1972) solved this quandary by applying a different func-tion to translating literature

Donald Hall in Remembering Poets (1979) declares that ldquoEzra Pound is a poet who a thousand times more than any other man has made modern poetry possible in Englishrdquo Ezra Pound is said to have ldquorevitalizedrdquo literature in the 20th Century As T S Eliot proposes that ldquoforms have to be broken and remaderdquo and one must ldquorevolt against dead formrdquo in ldquo preparation for new form or for the renewal of the oldrdquo It was in this quest for a new style that Pound found the purpose in translating poetry especially in translating Oriental poetry

8QOLNHRWKHU WUDQVODWLRQVSULRU WRKLV WLPHZKLFKVRXJKW WRiquestQG(QJOLVKHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVDQGDWWHPSWHGWRFDUUWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHSRHPWKDWiquestWWHGLQWREnglish conventions Pound valued the form and structure of oriental language and believed that it was also possible to translate these intricacies characteristic fea-tures of Chinese and Japanese regarding word order repetition rhyme etc In other words Pound considered translation as another process of creation and believed that it possessed a sovereign artistic value that was intrinsic to the translation itself In fact it must be noted that he did not know Chinese or Japanese languages him-self So his translation was done by referring to the notes of a Japanese scholar Ernest Fenollosa These circumstances may have facilitated his method of translat-ing poetry with an emphasis on the exploring and experimenting with the oriental lsquoformrsquo rather than its lsquomeaningrsquo

It was while translating the Asian poetry he gave birth to a movement ldquoImagismrdquo Imagism favored clarity and sharpness of imagery and succinct and economical use of language Asian poetry forms such as Japanese Haiku inspired Pound to break free from rhetorics discursiveness and abstractions that prevailed in Romanticism prior to his time Pound published extensive collections of translated oriental poetry in his anthologies Cathay(1915) and Lustra(1916)

Here is one of the better known poems from Cathay Poundrsquos anthology of Chinese poems

The Beautiful Toilet

Blue blue is the grass about the river$QGWKHZLOORZVKDYHRYHUAgraveOOHGWKHFORVHJDUGHQ

And within the mistress in the midmost of her youthKLWHZKLWHRIIDFHKHVLWDWHVSDVVLQJWKHGRRU

6OHQGHUVKHSXWVIRUWKDVOHQGHUKDQG

$QGVKHZDVDFRXUWH]DQLQWKHROGGDVAnd she has married a sot

Who now goes drunkenly out$QGOHDYHVKHUWRRPXFKDORQH

The strikingly simple image is created by the word ldquobluerdquo The choice of the word sup3EOXHacuteLQWKHiquestUVWOLQHLVH[SODLQHGEWKHYHUiquestUVWWHUPRIPDJLVW0DQLIHVWRsup37RXVHthe language of common speech but to employ the exact word not the nearly-exact nor the merely decorative wordrdquo Blue is a ldquocommon speechrdquo in that everyone can understand and associate with the term ldquobluerdquo At the same time ldquobluerdquo is also an ldquoexact wordrdquo because even though each reader may be thinking of blue of differ-HQWVKDGHVDQGWH[WXUHsup3EOXHacuteIRUHDFKUHDGHULVVSHFLiquestFDQGFRQVLVWHQW7KXVWKHZRUGsup3EOXHacuteLVsup3LPDJLVWacuteLQWKDWLWLVERWKJHQHUDODQGVSHFLiquestFLWSURYLGHVDFRPPRQground in which the readers can sympathize with each other and the poet while EHLQJDOVRVSHFLiquestFLQWKDWLWFRQMXUHVXSVSHFLiquestFLPDJHVWKDWDUHUHQGHUHGEHDFKRIthe readerrsquos personal and unique experiences

In Poundrsquos opinion images in poetry were not to deliver the poetrsquos ideas directly to the readers but rather lsquoto resonatersquo with them They were triggers that conjured up the readerrsquos personal and unique responses However the images had to be cre-ated through lsquocommonrsquo and lsquoexactrsquo words in order to provide an effective stimulus for the readers Therefore an image for Pound was of paradoxical nature it was born out of the common human sentiments and thought processes shared by the humanity but it resulted in onersquos employment of and insight into onersquos individuality

Pound perhaps understood translation in the same way Translation was the lsquopoemrsquo between two languages rather than two individuals No matter how different the languages and the cultures that set itrsquos bases were there was also a set common rules structures and expressions shared by two languages which is brought to the surface through translation For Pound translation itself was a poetic action which gave birth to another unique art that responded to the original literature in its own cultural sense whilst not failing to resonate within the shared strings of sentiments across the whole humanity

Here Between The Lines presents a poem translated from Korean to English

42

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 43: Between The Lines

|translation| yunha hwang jillian chun

Something cold and sadAacuteXWWHUVRQWKHJODVVHeatlessly standing by IOHWRXWDKD]EUHDWKWKDWVHWWOHVAacuteDSSLQJLWVIURVWHGZLQJVUXEDQGORRNUXEDQGORRNWKHQLJKWFKDUFRDOEODFNHEEVEDFNZDUGVHEEVIRUZDUGVDQGFUDVKHVDQGDVRGGHQVWDUEOLQNVHPEHGVOLNHDJHPLSLQJWKHJODVVDORQHmid-night isDORQHOHQFKDQWLQJPRRGZLWKRXUWHQGHUOXQJYHLQWRUQ$KRXAacuteHZDZDOLNHDPRXQWDLQELUG

The Glass Window 1 By Ji-yong Jeong (b 1903)

|translation| Yunha Hwang Jillian Chun

|photography| Jennifer Park 43

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 44: Between The Lines

big photog-raphy

ASPRINGFANTASY

INAWINTERNIGHT44

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 45: Between The Lines

big photog-raphy

A CONVERSATIONWITH

PHOTOGRAPHER

CHAEJONGYEOR

45

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 46: Between The Lines

ldquoWhat got you to take photographs of window frostrdquo

ldquoOne morning in a cold winter day I was taking photographs of frost when the splendid window frost RQWKHZLQGRZVRIDAgraveRZHUJDUGHQFDXJKWPHH$QGEHIRUHNQHZLWZDVFOLFNLQJWKHFDPHUDOLNHcrazyrdquo

ldquoIn addition to the main title ldquoA spring Fantasy in a winter nightrdquo you have given this photo exhibition a subtitle ldquoThe Most Beautiful and Happiest Moment in Liferdquo What was your intention behind choosing this subtitlerdquo

sup3IHHOWKDWWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQRIZLQGRZIURVWUHVHPEOHVPOLIH7KHPRPHQWWKDWZLQGRZIURVWsup3EORRPVacuteLVWKHsup3PRVWEHDXWLIXODQGKDSSLHVWPRPHQWacuteEHFDXVHZLQGRZIURVWLVWKHIUXLWWKHAgraveRZHURISDVVLRQDWHVSLULWWKDWHQGXUHVWKURXJKWKHKDUVKFROGRIWKHZLQWHUFDXJKWXSLQVLGHWKHAgraveRZHUJDUGHQ7KLVEHDXWLIXOPRPHQWKRZHYHUYDQLVKHVLQWRWKLQDLUDVWKHPRUQLQJVXQEHJLQVWRVKLQHLQWKLVHSKHPHUDOOLIHRIZLQGRZIURVWVHHERWKWKHEHDXWDQGWKHVRUURZRIKXPDQOLIHacute

ldquoIt was impressive how you exhibited poetry in line with your photography in your gallery and exhibition Also I have heard that you keep a diary for your artistic inspirations and ideas as a photographer what do other media of art literature and poetry mean to yourdquo

sup3EHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQRERXQGDULHVLQDUWVHHNWRZLGHQWKHVFRSHRIPDUWZRUNEFURVVLQJWKHERUGHUVRIGLIIHUHQWJHQUHVsup2SKRWRJUDSKDQGiquestQHDUWSRHWUSHUIRUPLQJDUWVDQGPXFKPRUHIHHOWKHVHDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHVWKDWLQYROYHPRUHWKDQRQHJHQUHRIDUWVH[SDQGWKHFUHDWLYHH[SUHVVLRQDQGDOVRFRQWULEXWHVWRJUHDWHUVDWLVIDFWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFHacute

an interview

46

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 47: Between The Lines

GTI[[aAEligW_MZ[1[[MITPaXZM[MVKMQVPMXZM^QW][VQOPTMNJM-hind lots of tales and abstract images Only nature can create without any tools such beautiful and fantastic metaphysical crystals I am mesmerized by the stunningly mysterious realm that puts me in awe that their formation is made by chance

I have found my life and our lives in things that are destined to bloom and then vanish It is the thrill and euphoria that have guid-ed me to spend time agonizingly in weaving inner tales that are void visible or invisible

I start at dawn to express the world that comes and goes and its tie to my everyday life Since I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed UMIVQVOWN TQNMQVM^MZaZQ^QITPQVO_PQKP]ZOM[UMWZMAEligMKWVwho I am It is when I am photographing that I discover myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with time I have come to realize that the same object can be seen so differently whether it is seen by an onlooker or an investigator and that it is possible to grasp and sense truth I still have a long way to go to be able to express the beauty of time and the mystery of a moment more objectively

I hope to talk about beauty through nonverbal means and to come up with my own language so that I can properly express such in-describable things like geometric forms and command metaphors 8PWWOZIXPaQ[ILQNAringK]TTIVO]IOMQVPIQKPIVOM[LMXMVLQVOWVits makersrsquo thoughts and sentiments and so I am dwelling on how to become an earnest photographerI believe that the key to becoming a better photographer lies not in age and experience but in understanding and loving people and VI]ZM1AringVLIUMIXPWZQKITTQVSJM_MMVNZW[IVLW]ZTQNMQVPIthe beautiful crystals formed only to melt quicklyhellipthis is similar to the way our life goes The natural phenomenon seems to point out that beauty isnrsquot permanent and so are our livesSome of my works deal with individual objects but I also make

works that are initially based on generality and then reduced to abstract Science and maths can express beauty but they are too limited to visualize all natural laws I think nonverbal vision can break boundary between humanism and realism and can represent anything Photography allows me to use such tool and it gives me me joy and happiness

1AringVLUMIVQVOQVPQVO[TQSMNZW[PI[MKZMTaJTWWU[IAEligW_MZQVthe middle of night melts brilliantly with sunrise and then is rein-carnated as water I am deeply attached to the frost as it lives fully []KPI [PWZ TQNM_QP[IVLQVO NZMMbQVO MUXMZI]ZM QVIKWVAringVML[XIKMIVLXI[[QWVIMTaUISQVOQKMAEligW_MZ[WJMUMTMLJaPM[]VThere are times that I canrsquot get by days in chaotic reality but I hold on to the hope that there will be time for me to have the brilliant moment like frost in the middle of winter Thatrsquos why I may be at-tracted to frost to begin with through which I can express my mind and relieve my burden

Photography awakes my thoughts and lets me express whatrsquos in UaUQVL IVL AringVLUMIVQVO QV M^MZaLIa WJRMK[ 1 ITTW_[UM Wexperiment and challenge things making something new out of the invisible Isnrsquot this a true learning and philosophy And also pho-tography allows me to see whatrsquos been taken for granted in a fresh and diverse perspectives to have empathy and to enrich my arid sentiment Many photographers would agree with me that photog-raphy indeed does all of this

I think I am ready to show my works about moments I thank for PQVO[PIPI^MPMTXMLUMWAringVLUaQLMVQaUWQ^IMLUMIVLgiven me meaning I am convinced that photography makes me love myself and be happy

I cannot thank my family enough they have supported my career as a photographer and I wish to thank them back by promising to JMKWUMIOZMIXPWWOZIXPMZ_PW[MUQVLQ[AringTTML_QPU][QKIVLbeautiful visual language

ldquoAs a photographer you capture the elusive beauty of moments and elevate it into an art form What advice would you give to young artists who also aspire to do sordquo

sup37KHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIZLQGRZIURVWLVDYHUIUDJLOHRQHLWRQODSSHDUVLQWKHKDUVKZLQWHUZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZampDQGGLVDSSHDUVZLWKRXWDWUDFHXQGHUVXQOLJKWZRXOGVDWKDWRXPXVWKDYHDNLQGRISDVVLRQDWHLQWHQVLWltRXKDYHWRKDYHFRQVWDQWWKRXJKWVDQGFRPHXSZLWKQHZVNLOOVDERXWHIIHFWLYHSKRWRJUDSKIWKHUHparaVRQHKDELWJRWIURPSKRWRJUDSKLWparaVWKDWEHJDQWRQRWLFHWKHVPDOOHVWGHWDLOVJLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHPDQGUHAgraveHFWEDFNRQPOLIHFRQVWDQWOacute

ldquoThe theme of this issue of Between the Lines is ldquobluerdquo and your use of blue backgrounds in your photographs at-tracted my attention What does the color blue mean to yourdquo

sup32KWKHEOXHRXVHHRQPSKRWRJUDSKVZHUHQparaWLQWHQWLRQDO6RPHWLPHVLWparaVWKHKXHLQWKHDLURXJHWZKHQRXWDNHSLFWXUHVDWGDZQQWKHVHZRUNVWKHFRORUEOXHZRUNVWRPDNHWKHZLQGRZIURVWDSSHDUOLNHUDZGURSVRIVDSSKLUHacute

A Spring Fantasy in a Winter Night

Jong-yeor Chae

1975~1999 Worked as an administrator in Seoul City1999 Completion of Photography Course Citizensrsquo College University of Seoul2000 Portrait Photography Program KAPA Photo Academy Seoul2012 Photography Instructor Goyang City Academy for Citizens Goyang City Vice-President Korean Digital Artistsrsquo Association2007 New Art Grand Exhibition

Photography and Painting Corea International Art Festival

Special Exhibition the 4th Tashkent International Biennale Tashkent Germany 0 Korean Photographers Jilin China Invitational2006 Asia-Seoul International Arts Expo of 7 Nations Invitational

Chae Jong-yeorGoyang City Ilsan Seo Gu Tanhyun Dong 1485 Jinro Apt 101-502

Tel 031-813-4559 CP 010-8740-4779 47

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 48: Between The Lines

Remnant and Vestige of Transferred Life

|Kyung-ryul Lee Photography Theorist|

The dictionary definition of an image indicates a reflection in the mirror or water which means that an image is not created but refers to the existing or man-made object reflected in a two-dimensional surface From image-makersrsquo standpoint there ex-ists three types of images First therersquos a type of an image that shows the actual which is called the image of likeness in semi-otic terms Another type is an image pointing to the actual but demanding an interpretation This type is the symbol-image which is rhetorically a metaphor The third type is a metaphysi-cal image that oers only the trace of the actual and demands no interpretation This kind is the index-image which is called a metonymy in rhetoric terms

Metonymic images in particular are highly subjective and are defined as psychologically transferred images A candle flame can become a flower bud a nipple or a mountaintop in onersquos dream the images related to onersquos repressed desire Psycho-logical transference indicates the behavior that attempts to sub-stitute mental burden with other things

Transference also includes the behavioral pattern of replacing aggressiveness or aims with other objects For instance when a cock is separated from the other cock during a cockfight it keeps on pecking at things around Likewise a person who breaks up a fight is oen attacked by the impassioned brawlers When a baby is interrupted from breastfeeding it sucks its fin-ger instead People seek subconsciously substitutes to release their tension

In the same way whatrsquos shown in an artwork can be analyzed in conjunction with its makerrsquos subconsciousness An artwork

thus is a kind of transferred object and photography in par-ticular has a strong tie to transference In this context a pho-tographic image reflects its makerrsquos own experience or substi-tutes the actual since photography that can only record existing things is indexical by its nature

The frosty windows in the photographs of Jong-yeor Chae sug-gest artistic transference His colorful photographs are reminis-cent of a microscopic world of cells seen through a microscope the mysterious big bang of the universe a maze a fantastic scene by fresh dew drops and a blown-up fungus displaying a panoramic eect and dreamy pattern

In his work monotonous everyday life is enlivened with surprises The ordinary mundane scenes and objects like the window re-flecting the sunset spraying light at dawn orange street lights water-drops on a steam-filled bathroom mirror and steamy grains of boiled rice grab our attention and carry us to the world of memory and illusion

The window frost in one winter day is something familiar to most of us However his work has something more than meets the eye It shows a decisive moment of a fantasy that originates from the artistrsquos mind It is not the external fancy technically sleek surface but the hidden message that indicates that his work is about self-reflection and projection of his life

So the artist confesses ldquoSince I took up photography I have tried not to overlook anything and my photographic vision has probed meaning of life in every trivial thing which urges me to reflect on who I am It is when I am photographing that I discov-er myself and feel happy while doing my best in communicating with timerdquo Thus his work becomes a covert index to a piece of his own life and a substitute for his subconscious implying that artistrsquos subconscious memories are transferred to his work

His work however doesnrsquot linger on his personal life that he might grumble over It is neither a cut-o decisive moment that doesnrsquot come around to communicate nor a record of ac-cumulated time Strangely enough his work echoes whatrsquos in our memory and becomes our own experience and the scenes transcend specific places or situations His work stimulates our imagination like an incantation of a bard or an emotional ripple and thus is understood as the sign-stimulus

The testimony of an illusion transferred to window frost oers us an open space for memory which means that as the specific situation instantly reverts to our own experience its scene testi-fies the remembrance of our memory and becomes metaphysi-cal transference restructuring our imagination The feast of the frost images evokes a familiar place along with the faces associ-ated with it and the faces are overlapped with unfathomable desires His work can be read as the artistrsquos soliloquy but it also resonates with our lives In his case an image becomes a lyric of signs revealed along with emotional resonance

48

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

(YLOH[LVWHGVWURQJDQGUHYHUEHUDWLQJHYHQEHIRUHLQRIRXQGWKHSHDUOWVLPSOODKLGGHQXQGHUWKHVXUIDFHKHQ KH GLG iquestQG LW WKH EULJKW UHAgraveHFWLRQ RI WKH SHDUORSHQHG WKHGRRU WRQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGZRUOGVDQGWKHFRQAgraveLFWVDQGKXQJUGHVLUHVWKDWLQRKDGUHSUHVVHGGRZQZLWKLQKLP7KHSHDUOZDVVLPSOWKHNHWRXQORFNKLVLQQHUGUHDPVDQGGHVLUHVDQGLQRKDGWKLVNHLQKLVJUDVS

7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 49: Between The Lines

|art| Boeun Choo

49

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 50: Between The Lines

everyonersquos glass

50

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 51: Between The Lines

everyonersquos glass

|art| Boeun Choo

51

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

LQRDRXQJPDQiquestOOHGZLWKGLVFRQWHQWDERXWWKHPR-QRWRQRXV LQMXVWLFH RI KLV SRYHUWVWULFNHQ OLIH LV VXG-GHQOVWUXFNZLWK WKHJUHDW OXFNRIiquestQGLQJsup3WKHSHDUORIWKHZRUOGacuteDSHDUOOLNHQRRWKHUsup2DQGLQLWVVKLQLQJOXPL-QDQFHKHiquestQGVGUHDPVWKDWKHSXUVXHVDUGHQWOplusmnHYHQDWWKHSULFHRIKLVOLIHDQGKLVORYHGRQHV0DQSHRSOHRQFXUVRUUHDGLQJDVVHVVWKHSHDUOSHUVHDVWKHHYLO6WHLQEHFNVKDSHGWKHWKRXJKWVDQGZRUGVRIKLVZLVHVWFKDUDFWHUV-XDQD WKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVZLIHDQG-XDQ7RPDVWKHSURWDJRQLVWparaVEURWKHUVRWKDWWKHYRLFHGDJURZLQJ IHDURI WKHSHDUO DV WKHHYLOampRQVH-TXHQWO UHDGHUVDUH OHG WR IHHODVRUURZIXO UHOLHIZKHQLQRWKURZVWKHSHDUODZDXWDGHHSHUOHYHORIUHDG-LQJSRLQWVWRZDUGDGLIIHUHQWGLUHFWLRQ7KHERRNWDNHVRQDPRUHFRPSOH[VKDGHWKDWPDNHVWKHHQGLQJSHUKDSVHYHQGDUNHUDQGELWWHUHUWKHSHDUOLWVHOIZDVQRWWKHURRWRIWKHSUREOHP

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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GREAT EVENTS

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 52: Between The Lines

|non-fiction|Maylene You

ltPQ[Q[XZM[]UIJTaPMUW[IKK]ZIMLMAring-nition of the colour blue that the modern technology ITTW_[ltPM^Q[]IT[IMWNJMQVOKWUXTMMTaLMAringKQMVof red and yellow How far have we progressed since PMKWTWZPMWZaXZQVKQXTM[AringZ[IXXMIZMLQVPMVWM-books of Leonardo da Vinci in 1490 None The three primary colours red yellow and blue are still wor-shipped by painters and somewhat unconsciously by non-artsy people as well as they casually address plain black as lsquoboringrsquo Look guys even black or letrsquos say- lsquothe most horrendous and dull colour yet exist-ingrsquo cannot be obtained without this divine trio

Noneof the combination between existing colours can produce these three colours- it is as if they slipped into existence before all MT[MltPQ[TM[PMULMAringVMPMU[MT^M[JT]MQ[JT]MZMLQ[ZMLIVLaMTTW_Q[aMTTW_7ZJT]MQ[IKWTW]ZPILWM[VWQVKT]LMIVaXQO-ment of red or yellow and vice versa But without resorting to an expedient what should the colour of blue exemplify

The ancient East Asian philosophy had a clear distinction between the sky and the earth lsquoSky-nessrsquo included divinity fate luck M`ZILQUMV[QWVJMQVOUITMIVLPMKWTW]ZWNJT]M1VKWVZI[PMMIZP[QOVQAringMLTQNMP]UIVU]VLIVMINNIQZ[_WUMVIVLUW[arguablymdashredness Redness may be in relation of vitality especially of a female In traditional Chinese weddings the whole banquet hall would be covered with red- the bride wears a bright red dress that covers up to her head like Burka and the walls would be decorated with red fabrics Red was considered as a symbol of fertility and life and this psychology may have developed from the fact that blood of a living person is red

Blue is often used to illustrate something that is not inhuman or dead A dead corpse has a blue-purple shade after the blood has all drained out This dead person no longer belongs to where living people live the red earth We can often [MMPIUIVa[WIXWXMZI[IVLAringTU[][MJT]MKWTWZI[Q[JIKSOZW]VLKWTW]Zwhen an extra-territorial creature or a ghost appears These alien creatures are also quite frequently colored blue

psychology of blue

)VITQMVKZMI]ZMNZWUPMltgt[MZQM[WKWZ0752

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

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fied out by 20th January 2012 to

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 53: Between The Lines

Blue also suggests superiority and possibility In contrast to the red earth that we are standing on the ocean and the sky were once a realm that humans could not enter sky was left to remain as the lsquoGodly spacersquo and although the ocean was conquered much earlier it was still KWV[QLMZMLI[ILIVOMZW][XTIKMMNWZMIQZKZIN[IVLIL^IVKML[PQX[_MZMLM^MTWXMLPM[M_W]VZMIKPIJTMZMOQWV[_MZM[IVKQAringML1VPMWUIVUaPPMZMIZMPZMMUIQVLQUMV[QWV[PIZ]V[PM_WZTLPM[Sa_I[ZMOIZLMLI[raquoPMI^MVfrac14_PMZMBM][Z]TM[PMMI_QP8W[MQLWVand the Underworld owned by Hades but there is no lsquomajorrsquo God or Goddess that represents the earth- yes Gaia maybe but she became KWUXTMMTa]VVWQKMLINMZBM][MUMZOMLltPQ[KIVJMQVMZXZMMLI[ILMW]ZUILMJaP]UIVJMQVO[I[IXIZWNIVMNNWZWLMVaPMQZimpotence Both the sky and the ocean are blue and this funny coincidence would have added even more fuel to the belief that lsquoBlue is holyrsquo- Virgin Mary is depicted in a blue robe consistently for two millenniums The proverb lsquoAim for the skyrsquo would have been a huge blasphemy in PMXI[AMPMP]UIVZIKMPI^MZMIKPMLPM6M_WZTLJaKZW[[QVOPMJT]M)TIVQK7KMIVIVLIT[WIIQVMLWZMIKPPM[XIKMK]QVOPZW]OPPMJT]M[Sa)ZM_MLM[QOVMLWLM[QZMM^QT7ZLW_M[QUXTaKITT_PI_MLWVWPI^MI[M^QT

ltPQ[XIQVQVOJaA^M[3TMQVQ[middot1PWXMM^MZaWVMIOZMM[^MZaJT]M7VMUIaIMUXWIXXZWIKPPQ[XQMKM_QPPQ[^MZaraquoWZQOQVITfrac14PW]OP[QVIJ]ZVQVOLM[QZMWOMPQU[MTNZMI[[]ZMLJ]3TMQVQVMVLMLWM`XZM[[QUUIMZQITQaIVLPMraquoQVAringVQM_WZTLJMaWVLZMITQafrac14PZW]OPX]ZMJT]MKWTWZ1VWPMZ_WZL[PM[MVWQWV[JMTWVOWPMX[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MVW3TMQV3TMQVUMZMTaXIQVMLPMKWTW]ZA^M[3TMQVWJIQVMLthe patent for the colour he used for this painting claiming that the colour itself has an immaterialist characteristic that helps the audiences WNMMTPMM`ZILQUMV[QWVITZMITQa]ZMITTaPMXIMVJMTWVO[W_PWUM^MZPIAringZ[ZMITQbMLPQU[MTNI[IXIPMQK[UITTUIVPIKZI^M[for a trip to space

8MZPIX[PMM`Q[MVKMWNJT]MKWTW]ZQ[UMZMTaIVIKKQLMVLWVMJaWL_PQKPUMIV[PMZMQ[VWVMMLWN][[IJW]PMPWTQVM[[WNPQ[KWTW]ZThe primary colour could have been anything The meaning of these colours is simple- they are the most fundamental of all other colours It [MMU[PI_PMVQKWUM[W[WUMPQVO]VWJIQVIJTMPMX[aKPWTWOaWNP]UIVLM[QZM[QIVLMQPMZLMQAringM[QWZLMUWVQbM[Q7VUIVaPQ[-torical occasions the authority banned the venture of exploring the unknown by censoring texts and arts by branding it as a lsquowork of Satanrsquo WZ[WUMPQVOITWVOPITQVM0W_M^MZVW]VQTQ_I[N]TTaZM^MITMLLQLPMUI[SWNWLMUWVQ[ZMITQbMLWJMNISM8[aKPWTWOaWNJT]MPMZMNWZMZMUIQV[I[PMTW^MNWZM`ZIP]UIVWUVQXWMVKM_PQKPQ[XIZTaZM[WT^MLJMKI][M_MVW_KIV[MXWVPM[MKWVL[XIKMQNAringVIVKMallows So Hail Armstrong

$5WVWKPZWUM 13amp A^M[3TMQV 8]ZM XQOUMV[and synthetic resin Museum of modern art of Saint-Etienne Metropole Collection Inv 738 1

53

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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7KHSHDUO LVPDUNHGEGXDOLW MXVW OLNH WZRVLGHVRIDVDPH FRLQ 8VHG ZLVHO LQ WKH ULJKW FLUFXPVWDQFHV LWFRXOG WUXO KDYH IXOiquestOOHGLQRparaV GUHDPVRI JUDQWLQJ KLVSHRSOHDFFHVVWRPHGLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQsup2RIOLEHUDW-LQJKLVSHRSOH IURPVXIIHULQJDQG LJQRUDQFH6DGOKHUHIXVHGWRJLYHXSWKRVHGUHDPVIRUWKHVLPSOHMRVWKDWPDGH KLV SDVW OLIH SUHFLRXV VXFK DV -XDQDparaV WUXVWIXOORYHKDWEHJDQDVDKHDOWKDPELWLRQGHWHULRUDWHGLQWRDQ XQVWRSSDEOH JUHHG LQR JUHZ LQFUHDVLQJO GHDI WRWKHZDUQLQJVDQGZRUGVRIZLVGRPIURPWKRVHKHORYHG+HVWUXFN-XDQDKDUVKODFURVVWKHIDFHZKHQVKHWULHGWR WKURZDZD WKHSHDUO Q WKHHQG WKHSHDUOEHFDPHDNH WKDWXVKHUHG LQQRW WKHJORULRXV IXWXUH WKDWLQRKRSHGIRUEXWWKHDVKJORRPRIGHDWKDQGGHVSDLU

QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

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For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 54: Between The Lines

|movie review| Chan Choi

ldquoThe following feature is a silent film there are no dialoguesrdquo

The statement given to us at the premiere of the director Michel Hazanaviciusrsquos the Artist was quite a shock Of course since the last yearrsquos Cannes Film Festival the moviegoers had heard of this well-received silent film through its viral marketingSo much unfamiliarity surrounds this film the movie being black-and-white with no sound is not only peculiar and unusual but also questionable considering the recent 3D boom I have to admit that I expected an overly dramatized film specialized for the purpose of winning awards (the so-called ldquoOscar Buzz Filmrdquo) but instead I found it to be a daring crowd pleaser- like a well blended outcome of the films ldquoSinginrsquo in the Rainrdquo and ldquoA Star is Bornrdquo

I recall suggesting a film called lsquoDriversquo now well known to the mainstream audience to a friend describing it as ldquothe best film of the yearrdquo He replied ldquoI think Irsquom going to passrdquo Of course that was the very reaction I expected after all we do hope to come across films that are en-tertaining not a boring art-house flick But The Artist is different from most of the artistic critically acclaimed films There are no exaggerations it has more heart and sincerity than any feature films with a budget over 200 million It has an appeal that lies within the performance overwhelming the audience with delight up to the final credits

Nothing can go back in time And for that reason The Artist really is a witty film using the reverse psychological strategy of filming in classic Hollywood style instead of the money- grab-bing 3D The mix of black-and-white scenery with 21st centuryrsquos high-quality sound system is pleasing to all senses Interestingly the actor Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin a silent movie superstar The advent of the talkies will sound the death knell for his career and see him fall into oblivion For young dancer Peppy Miller (Berenice Bejo) it seems the sky is the limit as she rises into major movie stardom As a silent film star falls a talkie star is born And the magical encounter of these two gives us an odd analogy as we reflect on the modern theatre where 3D is taking over everywhere

I am a great fan of black and white films that give impressions of a vivid dream Seeing a silent film and actually enjoying it is a rare occurrence these days It seems that as always it is a matter of tasteSome could easily say that letting Durjardin an actor with a beautiful voice (as can be noted in previous film OSS 117) act silently is a waste of a great talent It is true that The Artist is in black-and-white without any dialogues Yet despite such measures (or perhaps precisely because of them) it was without a doubt one of 2011rsquos most accomplished film But putting some of those thoughts aside with the filmrsquos central plot about the inevitable emergence of sound films in 1920s the film brings out a bigger issue Is there such thing as a past or a future in films Well the answer seems to be quite simple A film does not change Twenty years ago Spielberg made the black-and-white Schindlerrsquos List amidst the blockbuster era and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Film 18 years later another work came out in the middle of the 3D buzz and won that very same award Although there are patterns and trends the audience embraces the changes in the film industry- each year adding an enthralling new chapter to it And perhaps itrsquos immortal spirit hidden behind the guise of caprice is what allows the world to be in love with it for the past 100 years- an unchanging appeal that stands equal to that of

music and literature

The ArtistrsquoCastJean DujardinBeacutereacutenice BejoPenelope Anne MillerJames CromwellJohn GoodmanMissi Pyle

Directed by Michel Hazanavicius

Running time 140

walk of homage towards the past

54

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 55: Between The Lines

|art| Hanna Lee

walk of homage towards the past

55

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 56: Between The Lines

|art| Hanna Lee56

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

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72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 57: Between The Lines

The ever-sueful director of Titanic James

Cameron introduced yet another masterpiece to

the world Avatar At first Avatar aeared to

be a bland sci-fi movie with ups and downs ch$sy

sexual chemistry and a trite plot of the gd

guys kiamping aamp the bad guyshellip There were numerous

bale scenes heavily funded graphics obvious

romance betw$n the main characters and Narsquovirsquos

final victory over the human capitalists Yet

beneath these clicheacutes lies a powerful meage

James Cameron delivered with his mastery of film-

making

Avatarrsquos plot holds a striking resemblance to

the history of colonialism Humans from almost-

destroyed Earth encroach on Narsquovi tribe native

inhabitants of the planet Pandora While they

profe generosity and camaraderie ostensibly

educating the indigenous and establishing a mu-

tual relationship they are hiding a secret agen-

da of exploiting them of their invaluable natu-

ral resources The European colonization of the

Americas revolved around the same iue During

the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans a(ived on

the shores of Latin America in pursuit of ldquoGod

Gold and Gloryrdquo With deceptive friendline

they convinced the natives that they would help

them flourish Most notably Spanish Conquis-

tador Hernando Cortez was hailed by the Aztec

King Montezuma as guardian and friend of the

Aztecs When the capitalists send Jake Suampy the

protagonist into the Narsquovi Tribe as part of espi-

onage he t is welcomed by the tribespeople He

sn develops intimacy with them and this is when

Avatar takes a di)erent course from the familiar

historical route The remarkable turn of the plot

ours when Jake feamp in love with Neytiri the

female protagonist

With Neytiri Jake witnees the exotic beauty of

the Narsquovi Culture It is not long before he begins

to areciate the unique splendors of planet Pan-

dora recognizing the authority of the elders of

the Narsquovi and developing awed respect for their

mystical practices On the contrary the capital-

ists were not aware of the beauty and intricacy of

the Narsquovi Culture During their first bale the

capitalists were heavily armed with guns against

the Narsquovi with bows and a(ows The humans ie-

diately aumed that they were an lsquoinferiorrsquo race

who did not know how to make use of the precious

resources their lands bore When the capitalists

decide to invade the Narsquovi Tribe to aropri-

ate the resources Jake fores$s the aack and

prepares the Narsquovi Tribe for bale against the

capitalists Although the Narsquovi tribe and habi-

tat is heavily damaged by the bale they emerged

triumphant This s$ms to be a subtle reminder to

many people who blinded by the magnificence of

their own feats and heritage fail to recognize

the intricacy and merits of a di)erent culture

Cameron caamped for a fareweamp to peoplersquos vain hu-

bris People must adopt a humble aitude towards

foreign culture in order to truly understand its

value and strength

On the surface Avatar was a very conventional

Hoampywd movie The overaamp plot was obvious and

the movie could have b$n viewed as a typicaampy

coercial movie aimed at coming first in the

US Box O)ice charts Neverthele its strong

meage proves that Avatar is one of the most

prominent sci-fi movies of the 21st centurymdashone

that entertainingly and insightfuampy criticizes

our history of colonization

Director James Cameron

Main actors Sam Worthington Zoe SaldanaGenre Action Adventure Science-Fiction

Running time 162 min

Release Date 16 December 2009 (South Korea)

Prize 3 Oscars

Avatar|movie review| Si Un Kim

Helping out or throwing out

57

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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71

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72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 58: Between The Lines

TheAwakening

Edna Pontellierrsquos enlightenment was tinged with a crisp blue In what she recognized as the rediscovery of individuality she witnessed the vast blue of the sea and sky open up endless horizons for her Ironically in the last scene it was this very liberating sensation of blue that gulped Edna and her wild vagaries down in the middle of the sea as she lamented her pathetic fate disillu-sionedhellip Unfortunately Edna Pontellier dabbled in a false sense of feminism that led to her demise

Once Edna Pontellier the protagonist became resolute in her belief to never yield to anyone elsersquos interests but remain only faithful to her own she started living a new life She swam to extents ldquono women may ever have imaginedrdquo and indulged in deep relationships which her earlier responsibilities would have prevented her from The results however were devastating Edna Pontellierrsquos actions left her children bruised with neglect her husband scarred in spite of all his effusive love and she even-tually perished out in the wide blue sea The account of a woman who wallowed in her liberating sense of individuality is quite straightforward however before we censure or acclaim Edna Pon-tellierrsquos whimsical rebellion it is imperative that we clarify whether she battled against oppressive practices or rightful re-sponsibilitiesmdashor both

- 57123amp7gt 895 94 )7amplt3 9- 138 4+ (1amp7aelig(amp943 8identifying how Edna Pontellier came to lsquoawakenrsquo She was in her routine with Robert a young man whom she had an ongoing affair with when the rebellious thought struck her that she in fact could live ignoring all restrictions and interests of other people es-pecially that of her husband The prevalent notion during this period was that tending a household and looking after the chil-dren were delicate and pleasant tasks only women were capable of performing From Ednarsquos perspective however obligations of do-mesticity only seemed oppressive and burdensome Loyalty to their 8548ů9-7(-1)73ůamp3)9-7+amp21gt)aelig391gt574-9)23and women from living lives faithful to their desires However as we do not give kudos to men who are remiss in their responsi-bilities of making a living for their family and instead spend all their time infatuated with other women Edna Pontellier does not deserve our acclaim Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz a neighbor of the Pontelliers who had never solemnly vowed to be faithful to one family and one man it was out of Edna Pontellierrsquos own volition to become the mother of two children and the wife of her husband It is only sensible that she abstain from such instinctual and lascivi-ous desires Edna however was distressed that Robert had to be so cautious and hesitant when he approached her She understood that her responsibility as a mother thwarted her from building a more intimate relationship with Robert The Awakening does not nar-rate an occasion when a late 19th century feminist woman became enlightened of her rights and claimed that she was to be granted them instead Edna lsquoawakenedrsquo in terms of discovering a glamorous 89aelig(amp943942amp39amp3-7amp++amp7lt9-479lt9-49+13any remorse

The Awakening claims to be an account of a woman who came to dis-cover that she was able to live beyond the women of her era It is questionable though whether Edna Pontellier was the pioneer of such groundbreaking feminist thoughts Countless women have brought such notions up earlier and despite their efforts there has never been a fundamental shift in the role of men and women Throughout history and various civilizations women have always borne the responsibility of the typical mother to remain loyal to her family The only change across time and culture was the level of respect women enjoyed for their responsibilities In the an-cient communities of Sparta for instance women were treated with greater respect than men due to their duties and responsibilities amp8 249-78Ű 7gt 84(9gt -amp8 93)) 94ltamp7)8aelig3)3 amp3)2amp3-taining an optimal balance in the rights of both genders paying special concern to the physiological traits of each gender Men grow large muscles while women give birth to children and breast-feed them Naturally men came to protect the household while women looked after the children In a society where each gender was as-signed with the responsibility that is best compatible with their intrinsic qualities Edna questioned such conventions The fact that she wanted to reject the comforts of adhering to the lsquooptimal rolesrsquo comes across as questionable raising suspicions whether there might have been unspeakable ulterior motives

The late 19th and early 20th century had been the era of women Many women rights came into recognition including such funda-mentals as the right to vote These promotions immensely changed the political and social topography of our world and certainly improved it However the character that Kate Chopin a staunch feminist herself had created in the Awakening is inherently dif-ferent Edna was not a social reformer who endeavored to reclaim the fundamental rights of women and demonstrate the capacity and 119gt 4+ 9- +2amp1 3)7Ű - (amp1amp2948 3ccedil3( -7struggles brought about only served to give higher grounds to the male argument that females were incapable of rational judgment and thus effected the consolidation of the androcentric structure of society During a moment in history when a handful of notable intelligent feminists were improving the lives of millions Edna was certainly a failure She was just like the vast many mendacious others who cloaked in the ideology of feminism and women rights simply left scars and questions to those who they loved most

Edna might have been a ruthless adolescent or a wily schemer She might have been inebriated in the wild sense of freedom committing irresponsible acts just as how adolescents would challenge adults once they gained a clearer picture of the world Or she might have known all along Under the name of feminism and women rights the whole narrative might have been about her scheme to pave her way to a life of promiscuity In either case what could have become a true revolution and a reverberating outcry has failed to materi-alize itself as such

T h e Awak e n i ng L i t e r a ry R e v i ew

Review title Edna Pontelliermdasha Blemish on the Feminist MovementBook Info Author Kate ChopinYear of publication 1899Place of publication United States

Name of publisher H S Stone amp Co

|literary review| yong jun byun

58

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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Between The Lines

Page 59: Between The Lines

a glow of

truth

The Pearl is one of John Steinbeckrsquos simplest yet most colorful storiesmdashlyrical poetic and profoundly symbolic It holds a lesson on the futility of human desires

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QWKHHQGLQRiquestQDOOWKUHZWKHSHDUOLQWRWKHVKLPPHU-LQJEOXHVHDZKHUHLWGULIWHGGRZQWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHRFHDQDQGGLVDSSHDUHG$OWKRXJKWKHVWRUHQGVKHUHLWLVIDLUOFOHDUWKDWLQRparaVWURXEOHVZLOOQRW+HKDVORVWDOPRVW HYHUWKLQJ DQG JHWWLQJ ULG RI WKH SHDUOZLOO QRWEULQJEDFNZKDWKHKDVORVWWZLOOQRWUHVXUUHFWampRRWLWRKLVGHDGVRQLWZLOOQRWHUDVHWKHPDUNRIKLVEORZIURP-XDQDparaVFKHHNDQGLWZLOOQRWEXLOGXSKLVEXUQWKRXVHRUVKDWWHUHGERDWDJDLQ+HPXVWOHDUQWRGHVWURWKHJUHHGDQGVWXEERUQQHVVLQWKHGHSWKVRIKLVRZQKHDUWEHIRUHKHFDQiquestQGWUXHKDSSLQHVVLQKLVOLIH2XUOLIHKROGVDFXULRXVYHULVLPLOLWXGHWRWKHVZLUOLQJULFK-OODHUHGEHDXWRIWKHSHDUOIXVHGZHOOMRLQLQJKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUHZLWKJUDWLWXGHIRUWKHSUHVHQWRXUOLYHVFDQEORVVRP LQWRSHDUOVRI WUDQVOXFHQWKXHV LIDEXVHGZHFDQIDOOLQWRDQHYHUHQGLQJFKDVPRIGRXEWGUHDGDQGGHVSDLU

|LITERARY REVIEW| haelan Ester ra

T h e P e a r l L i t e r a r y R e v i e w

Book infoAuthor John SteinbeckYear of publication 1947Place of publication United StatesName of publisher The Viking Press

59

60

|art| Boeun Choo

61

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 60: Between The Lines

60

|art| Boeun Choo

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_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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73

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Between The Lines

Page 61: Between The Lines

|art| Boeun Choo

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_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

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72

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Between The Lines

Page 62: Between The Lines

_amp)+ amp+(The Empire of Light)Painting info Artists name Reneacute MagritteDate 1953-1954Medium Oil on canvasSize 76 1516 51 58 inches62

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

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|art| Hanna Lee68

69

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|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

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|art| junha hwang

73

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Between The Lines

Page 63: Between The Lines

DĂƌŬĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞůLJĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƚƌĞĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĞŶŐƵůĨƚŚĞĐĂŶǀĂƐĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐŚŽĐŬŝŶŐcontrast with the blue sky A white building lies amid the forest absorbed in darkness A single black tree sprouts upward high into the sky full of light as if to drench itself in the bright fantasy of blue A lone lamplight illuminates silently amongst the sea of ĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐƐŚŝŶŝŶŐĂǀŝǀŝĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨĂƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĮƌƐƚŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽĨZĞŶĠDĂŐƌŝƩĞdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚŝƐƚŚĞĞĞƌŝĞĂŶĚŝƌŽŶŝĐĂůůLJĞŶƚĂŝůŝŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚLJdŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝƐƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐůLJƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐLJĞƚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚƵĂůĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚdŚĞǁŽƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐĂƚƌƵůLJŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƟŶŐĂƐĐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŽŶĐĞŝůůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĂƌĂĚŽdžŝĐĂůŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶ-ƟĂůŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞĂƌƟƐƟĐƚƌĞŶĚDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŝŶƚƐŽŶƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĨƵůůŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĂƌ-ŵŽŶŝnjĂƟŽŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵůďĞůŝĞǀĞƌǁŚŽĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJƵƐĞĚƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚĂƐĂŵŽƟĨ DĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚůŽǁůŝŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨ dŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨ gtŝŐŚƚ ŝƐ ŝƚƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ ĐŽůŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǀŝŽůĞŶƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĂƌƟƐƟĐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞĐĂůůĞĚĐŚŝĂƌŽ-ƐĐƵƌŽdŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚůŝŐŚƚŽĨĚĂLJŇŽŽĚƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĞŶŝƚLJŽĨŶŝŐŚƚdŚŝƐ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŵƵůƟͲĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽƉĞŶďƌŝŐŚƚƐŬLJŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞƌƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŶŐĐůŽƵĚƐŽĨĚLJŶĂŵŝĐshapes and forms In contrast the world below is the world of pitch darkness where ŽŶůLJƚŚĞŐůŝŵŵĞƌŽĨĂůĂŵƉŐůŽŽŵŝůLJŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŶĚdŚĞũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŐĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďƌŝŐŚƚǁŽƌůĚŽĨĂďƐŽůƵƚĞŐŽŽĚŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĂƚĂĐĐĞŶƚƵĂƚĞƐƐƵĐŚĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƚLJŝƐƚŚĞĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚƐƚƌĞĞƚůĂŵƉŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐdŚŝƐƐŝŶŐůĞƌƚƐͲĞĐŽƐƚLJůĞůĂŵƉƉŽƐƚƐŚŝŶĞƐĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬǀŽůƵŵĞŽĨƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƟŶŐĂƐŵĂůůĐŝƌĐůĞŽĨůŝŐŚƚŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůƉŽŶĚdŚĞĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŝƚƐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂƌĞƐŽƉĂůůŝĚĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚƉŝƟĨƵůĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞďƌŝů-ůŝĂŶƚƌĂĚŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞůĂƐƚůŝŐŚƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŝŶƚůLJŐůŽǁŝŶŐǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĐŽƌŶĞƌĞĚand partly obscured by the tall tree emphasizes the contrast between the sky full of light and the feeble land full of darkness Using this powerful contrast of brightness DĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞĐŽĞdžŝƐƚĞŶĐĞŽĨďŽƚŚǁŽƌůĚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐŝŶa single canvass KƚŚĞƌĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐůŽƐĞůLJŶŽƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽďũĞĐƚdŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚŝƐƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĂŶĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƐŚĂƉĞƚƐǁĂůůƐĂƌĞǁŚŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶLJĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĂƉƉĞŶĚĂŐĞƐdŚĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚůLJƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌůŝŬĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚĞƐƋƵĂƌĞƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐŵŽƐƚůLJĐŽǀ-ĞƌĞĚŝŶƐŚĂĚŽǁƐLJĞƚŽŶĞƐŵĂůůƟƉŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌƌŝŐŚƚĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŝŶƚŚĞĨƵƌƌŽǁďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽĂƌďŽƌĞĂůƌŝĚŐĞƐdŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƌŽŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚŽƵĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůƐŬLJĂƐŝĨƚŽƐŚŽǁŝƚƐĨƵƟůĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞĨĂƌŚĞĂǀĞŶƐƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞƐŚĂƉĞŝƐƚŚĞůŽŶŐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝŶĨƌŽŶƚdŚŝƐƚƌĞĞŝƐƚŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚŽďũĞĐƚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚũƵƐƚďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŐůŝƩĞƌŝŶŐƉŽŶĚ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞroof of the building the tree pierces into the sky and drenches itself in the ocean of ůŝŐŚƚŶƵƐĞůĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚĨŽƌŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁƚĂůůƚŚĞƚƌĞĞŝƐŝƚŵĂLJŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJdŚĞƐŚĂƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞĨƌƵŝƚůĞƐƐĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶto become part of the heavenly world dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂůƐŽĂƩĞƐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŵĞƚŚĂƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚdŚĞƚĂůůĞƐƚƚƌĞĞƐƚĂŶĚƐĂůŽŶĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂƌŬĨŽƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝĚŐĞƐŶĞĂƌďLJdŚĞƉůĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝƐĂůƐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŽĨĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĚĞƚĂĐŚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞŝŐŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ampƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞ ƌĞĐƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚŝƐĂůƐŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďLJƚŚĞĚĂƌŬƐŝůŚŽƵĞƩĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĞǀŽŬĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞƐĞƌƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƐŬLJũƵƐƚabove the forest Overall the overwhelming darkness and the feeble luminance along ǁŝƚŚĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŵďŝĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƐŽůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďůĞĂŬ-ŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁLJĨŽƌĞƐƚdŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂůůƵĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŝŵĨĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚLJŽĨthe earthly world dŚĞŐĞŶŝƵƐŽĨDĂŐƌŝƩĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůLJĞdžƵĚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƐĂŐĞŽĨŽďũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚEŽƌĚŽĞƐƚŚĞĂƵƌĂŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐĞŵĂŶĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĐŽůŽƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƟŵĞʹĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚʹŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐĐĞŶĞĚĞůĞĐƚĂďůLJƐLJŶĐŚƌŽŶŝnjĞĚďLJĞĂĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůdŚĞƌĂĚŝĂŶƚƐŬLJƚŚĞĞīƵůŐĞŶƚĐůŽƵĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐůĂŵƉůŝŐŚƚĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐƐŚĂƉĞƐůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌƐŵĞƌŐĞŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůLJĐŽĂŐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŶŝŐŵĂƟĐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵLJƐƟĐĂůƐĐĞŶĞƌLJƚŚĂƚůŝĞƐďĞLJŽŶĚŽƵƌƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶdŚŝƐŚĂƌŵŽŶLJƉŽƌƚƌĂLJƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŽƌůĚŽĨŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĐŽĞdžŝƐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĞŶƟƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐƵƐŚŽǁǁĞƐƚĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚŽĨƉĂƌĂĚŽdžĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĨĂŵŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƐŽĨ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵdŚĞŵƉŝƌĞŽĨgtŝŐŚƚǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůLJĚĞƉŝĐƚƐƚŚĞƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂLJĂŶĚŶŝŐŚƚƵƐŝŶŐŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐƐŬLJǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƵƐĞDĂŐƌŝƩĞĂůƐŽũƵdžƚĂƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƐƐŽĨƉŝƚĐŚďůĂĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďůŝŶĚ-ŝŶŐ ĞīĞƌǀĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬLJ ĂŶĚ ŚĞŶĐĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŵĂŐŝĐĂů ƐĐĞŶĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐ ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĂƚŽŶĐĞEŽƚǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƐƵĐŚŵĂũŽƌĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůLJĐŽŶǀĞLJĞĚŚŝƐǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂŶĚƐŽƌĚŝĚůŝǀĞƐŝŶĨĂĐĞŽĨthe heavenly virtues of the world of god He wanted people to become aware of the ec-ĐůĞƐŝĂƐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŵƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŽŶůLJďĞƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂŝƚŚDĂŐƌŝƩĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĨĂǀŽƌĞĚƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶƟŶŐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůLJŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚďŽƚŚŚŝƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐƌĞĞĚĂŶĚĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵĞǁĂƐƐĂƟƐ-ĮĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐƚǁŽƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĐƌĞĞĚƐʹĂƚŚŽůŝĐŝƐŵĂŶĚ^ƵƌƌĞĂůŝƐŵʹƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůLJĂŶĚƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚůLJŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐĂŶǀĂƐƐ

The Empire of Light

the Compatibility of

Paradox|art analysis| Sung Yurl In

63

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

We are lookingfor

Poetry and short fiction editors

Non-fiction editors

Style Editors

Graphic Designers

PR oicers Financial Oicers

Event Co-ordinators

Distribution Oicers

Webmanagers

Bloers

Details and job descriptions available

in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

Please email your a$lication forms

fied out by 20th January 2012 to

btlmaggmailcom

|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 64: Between The Lines

|art| Rick TIerney64

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

We are lookingfor

Poetry and short fiction editors

Non-fiction editors

Style Editors

Graphic Designers

PR oicers Financial Oicers

Event Co-ordinators

Distribution Oicers

Webmanagers

Bloers

Details and job descriptions available

in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

Please email your a$lication forms

fied out by 20th January 2012 to

btlmaggmailcom

|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 65: Between The Lines

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsemotion

|art| Rick TIerney

I am a Part of historyA real sense of mysteryThe monologues of time have embellished me rather skilfullyI AM EMOTION

I overflow intellect faster than the dark blue When we collide I pass through itrsquos over

I AM EMOTION Hidden behind a mask of calloused smiles Fingers red from scratching at the cage door a while I rage more and scowl I AM EMOTION

Thoughts cascading over youThe highest highs provoking soaking overviews while I engulf the soul of youSTOP let me lie here a second Irsquom tired right this second Keep your eyes Shut this second and remember what I do for you

I AM EMOTION And I protect the dark side from sparking and igniting youYou laugh but Irsquom a fighter too My main form of catharsis is your protection

I AM EMOTION A metal jacket a resurrection from depressionA slumber that I put you in but will not let you back in

I AM EMOTION I am back in the backroom Locked in a vacuumA vault of uncontrollable assaults on your Chat room

I AM EMOTION Chemically concocted reservoirs of devotionYes I AM EMOTION A potion deep enough to wake your strongest demons up I AM EMOTION

So beware of my power For I will watch over you so long as I have powerBut take your chance with me and soon create an enemy And know that I devour any enemy that I can see For I AM EMOTION

But I am a manAnd I will control my emotions as well as any man can Crashing bad emotions ships crashing into dry land

I AM A MAN

And I control my emotionsThey may have the power but only I control my oceans

|SPOKEN WORD POETRY| ROB STOREY

|spoken word poetry| rob storey

httpssoundcloudcombetween-thelines-soundsemotion

65

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

We are lookingfor

Poetry and short fiction editors

Non-fiction editors

Style Editors

Graphic Designers

PR oicers Financial Oicers

Event Co-ordinators

Distribution Oicers

Webmanagers

Bloers

Details and job descriptions available

in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

Please email your a$lication forms

fied out by 20th January 2012 to

btlmaggmailcom

|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 66: Between The Lines

httpssoundcloudcombetween-the-lines-soundsmy-perfect-blue

My Perfect Blue(Lyrics and Chord Sequences)

IntroDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

VerseDsus4-CDsus4-BDsus4-A7

The skies are blue The momentary life I tookaway when I needed you

The tables tooare left to stay all broken down and I will never look upon

Pre Chorus Dsus4-BDsus4-GDsus4-BAsus2

Your faces Looking like the tides And All I want from you Is to stay my perfect blue

Dsus4-BDsus4-GA7A7

Your places Searching for collidesAnd All I want from you is to stay my perfect blue

Chorus x2 Dsus4Dsus4-FDsus4-GA7

My perfect blueMy perfect blue My perfect blue My perfect blue

|composition| Minsung KIm|production| Matthew Kim

66

We are lookingfor

Poetry and short fiction editors

Non-fiction editors

Style Editors

Graphic Designers

PR oicers Financial Oicers

Event Co-ordinators

Distribution Oicers

Webmanagers

Bloers

Details and job descriptions available

in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

Please email your a$lication forms

fied out by 20th January 2012 to

btlmaggmailcom

|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 67: Between The Lines

We are lookingfor

Poetry and short fiction editors

Non-fiction editors

Style Editors

Graphic Designers

PR oicers Financial Oicers

Event Co-ordinators

Distribution Oicers

Webmanagers

Bloers

Details and job descriptions available

in btlmagwblycomcrew-recruitment

Please email your a$lication forms

fied out by 20th January 2012 to

btlmaggmailcom

|art| Hanna Lee68

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 68: Between The Lines

69

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 69: Between The Lines

Deadline 1st January 2013-479aelig(943V5949lt4894783414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-Poetry up to three poems no longer than 100 lines each 43Taelig(943V5949lt45(83414379-amp3ůűűűlt47)8amp(-79lt4708V594aelig5(84+amp79lt4708(amp142548943V5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-Plt9-lt79931gt7(8ů+amp843Q540347)497gtV5949-7amp)4aelig183414379-amp3gű2398amp(-lt9-lt79935497gtamp99amp(-)

General Guidelines1 Visual arts that is close to 2480x3248 pixels at 30dpl is strongly favouredŰ47lt7938288438ůaelig18amp757+77)Ű478amp1amp79ůůůamp757+77)Ű3 Editors do not commence judging the entries until after the submission deadline 29978lt11349aelig)9-74-2amp1lt9-3lt08amp+979-)amp)13Ű4 We only accept submissions through email 5 For more information please check the guidelines at weeblybtlmagcom

Please email us at submitbtlgmailcom and attach your submission in separate documentsIn the body of the email please listNamePublished Name Email addressPostal address Phone number

For each submission please also listCategory of submission Submission title Word count Line count Media used

COLLAGE

Collage is a Collaborative Arts Group that puts together dierent genres of arts (Visual Art Dance Music and Literature) into one live performance after seven days of preparation

To nd out more about Collage visit btlmagweeblycomcollage To watch our videas Search on Youtube ldquoCollage collaborative arts grouprdquo

|art| junha hwang

71

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 70: Between The Lines

|art| junha hwang

72

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 71: Between The Lines

SALES amp MARKETINGSeoul Office

356-1 4 Seokyo-dong Mapo-ku Seoul 121-210 South Korea

T +82 2 325 1391 F +82 2 794 9906E jejuregencyhyattcomjejuregencyhyattcom

JEJU

Meeting package plans at Hyatt Regency Jeju are designed to ensure successful business meetings From small to medium size meetings and incentives executive retreats and board meetings our event planners can help you to create customised events based on your personal preference and budget

GREAT EVENTS

aĊ6อᬱᇡ1ᯙݚ ᖙɩၰᅪᔍഭᄥ

⩽ᔍ⧎Ƚᨱ฿۵൙ᱽŖ᪅ᱥ9ᇡ᪅5ʭḡ

2ჩ᮹⦝ᯥᱽŖ

᪅ษəต᮹ᱱᝍᱽŖ(R⊖) LCD⥥ಽഭᱽŖ

⫭᮹ᨕܩᱽŖ⟽13ऽၰօᔾᙹ➉י

POOLSIDETERRACE BALLROOM REGENCY BALLROOM

smart MEETING PACKAGE

Price Starts from KRW 60000 (per person excluding tax and service charges)Benefits Meeting room rental (900 am - 500 pm) Two coffee breaks Lunch at Omi Market Grill restaurant Use of LCD projector and screen Amenities (pen notepad and water)

|art| junha hwang

73

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 72: Between The Lines

CopyrightCopyrights of material published in BTL remains with individual writers and artists

Sponsorship amp Advertising If you would like to sponsor the Between

The Lines cause or advertise in Between The Lines Please email sponsorbtlgmailcom Subscriptions

Annual Personal (three issues of Between The Lines) W15000Annual Organisation (schools libraries youth centres gal-leries art organizations and arts commu-nities) W30000Please email subscribebtlgmailcom

Join the CrewIf you would like to get involved in

Between The Lines as part of the crew please return to page 68

If you have projects of your own that you would like us to promote please

contact btlmaggmailcom

Between The Lines

Page 73: Between The Lines

Between The Lines