BG LapTrinhWeb

B GIO DC V O TO

I HC CNG NGH TP.HCM

LP TRNH NG DNG

WEB

Bin son: GV.Mai Ngc Thu

Website: http://www.hutech.edu.vn

LP TRNH NG DNG WEB

n bn 2013

MC LC I

MC LC MC LC .................................................................................................................... I

HNG DN .............................................................................................................III

BI 1. ASP.NET ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 TNG QUAN ASP.NET ............................................................................................. 1

1.2 TNH NNG MI TRONG ASP.NET ............................................................................ 4

1.3 TO TRANG WEB VI VISIUAL STUDIO ..................................................................... 5

1.4 CC S KIN TRONG ASP.NET ................................................................................. 9

TM TT .................................................................................................................. 12

BI TP ................................................................................................................... 13

BI 2. CC LP S DNG TRONG ASP.NET ............................................................... 15

2.1 HTTP REQUEST ................................................................................................... 15

2.2 HTTP RESPONSE .................................................................................................. 20

2.3 HTTP SERVER ...................................................................................................... 21

2.4 SESSION V COOKIE ........................................................................................... 22

TM TT .................................................................................................................. 25

BI TP ................................................................................................................... 26

BI 3. TRUY CP D LIU ......................................................................................... 29

3.1 TNG QUAN ........................................................................................................ 29

3.2 TRUY CP D LIU ADO.NET ................................................................................. 31

3.3 TRUY CP D LIU XML ........................................................................................ 32

3.4 SQLDATASOURCE ................................................................................................ 33

3.5 TRUY CP D LIU LINQ ....................................................................................... 35

TM TT .................................................................................................................. 40

BI TP ................................................................................................................... 40

BI 4. LP TRNH GIAO DIN WEB VI JQUERY ....................................................... 42

4.1 JQUERY L G? .................................................................................................... 42

4.2 LP TRNH VI JQUERY ........................................................................................ 45

TM TT .................................................................................................................. 52

BI TP ................................................................................................................... 53

BI 5. TNG QUAN V ASP.NET MVC FRAMEWORK ................................................... 54

II MC LC

5.1 TNG QUAN ASP.NET MVC ..................................................................................... 54

5.2 XY DNG NG DNG VI ASP.NET MVC ................................................................. 58

5.3 NH TUYN URL .................................................................................................. 61

TM TT ................................................................................................................... 64

BI TP .................................................................................................................... 65

BI 6. MODEL VIEW CONTROLLER ....................................................................... 66

6.1 TM HIU V CONTROLLER ..................................................................................... 66

6.2 TM HIU V VIEW ................................................................................................ 69

6.3 TM HIU V MODEL ............................................................................................. 71

6.4 CU TRC VIEWS\SHARE\SITE.MASTER .................................................................. 74

TM TT ................................................................................................................... 75

BI TP .................................................................................................................... 76

BI 7. CP NHT D LIU VI MVC .......................................................................... 77

7.1 THM MI D LIU TRONG MVC ............................................................................. 77

7.2 SA I D LIU TRONG MVC ............................................................................... 81

7.3 QUY TRNH KIM TRA TRONG NG DNG MVC .......................................................... 87

TM TT ................................................................................................................... 92

BI TP .................................................................................................................... 93

BI 8. TH C HIN B O MT CHO NG DNG ASP.NET MVC ...................................... 94

8.1 AUTHENTICATION - XA C TH C NGI DU NG ........................................................... 94

8.2 CU HNH VIC XC TH C NGI DNG ............................................................... 101

TM TT ................................................................................................................. 104

BI TP .................................................................................................................. 106

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 107

HNG DN III

HNG DN

M T MN HC

Mn hc trang b cc kin thc nhp mn v lp trnh web. Ni dung bao gm:

- Asp.net web form

- Http request POST/GET

- Http response

- Lp trnh vi Session/cookie

- Lp trnh c s d liu: ADO.NET, Linq

- Asp.net MVC

- Model View Controller

- Bo mt vi Asp.net Membership

NI DUNG MN HC

Bi 1. Gii thiu tng quan v ASP.NET.

Bi 2. Cc lp th vin trong ASP.NET

Bi 3. Truy cp d liu

Bi 4. jQuery.

Bi 5. Tng quan v ASP.NET MVC Framework..

Bi 6. Model View - Controller.

Bi 7. Chnh sa d liu vi MVC.

Bi 8. Bo mt vi ASP.NET Membership

KIN THC TIN

IV HNG DN

Mn Lp trnh web cn kin thc tin ca cc mn hc sau.

- Thit k web

- Lp trnh hng i tng

- Lp trnh C# trn windows

YU CU MN HC

Ngi hc vn dng c kin thc nn tng v lp trnh web c th thit k

ci t cc ng dng web, nh qun l website, h qun tr ni dung, ng dng

thng mi in t, cc dch v web.

K nng lp trnh, v phn tch thit k ng dng thnh tho.

Ngi hc cn i hc y , c cc ni dung s c hc trc khi n lp,

lm cc bi tp v nh v m bo thi gian t hc nh.

CCH TIP NHN NI DUNG MN HC

hc tt mn ny, ngi hc cn c trc cc ni dung cha c hc trn lp;

tham gia u n v tch cc trn lp; hiu cc khi nim, tnh cht v v d ti lp

hc. Sau khi hc xong, cn n li bi hc v lm cc bi tp, cu trc nghim. Tm

c thm cc ti liu khc lin quan n bi hc v lm thm bi tp.

PHNG PHP NH GI MN HC

Mn hc c nh gi gm hai thnh phn.

Phn im qu trnh chim 30%, hnh thc v ni dung nh gi im qu trnh do

ging quyt nh v cng b cho ngi hc u kha hc.

Phn im cui kha chim 70%, hnh thc l n mn hc cui kha.

BI 1. ASP.NET 1

BI 1. ASP.NET

Hc xong bi ny ngi hc s nm c cc ni dung sau:

Hiu c tng quan v cng ngh ASP.NET, Khi nim v ASP.NET.

Bit c nhng tnh nng mi ca ASP.NET 3.5 so vi ASP.NET 2.0.

Bit cch to website trong Visual Studio 2008.

1.1 TNG QUAN ASP.NET

1.1.1 Gii thiu

Trc ht, tn y ca ASP.NET l Active Server Pages .NET (.NET y l

.NET framework). Ni n gin th ASP.NET l mt cng ngh c tnh cch mng dng

pht trin cc ng dng v mng hin nay cng nh trong tng lai. ASP.NET l

mt phng php t chc hay khung t chc (framework) thit lp cc ng dng

mnh cho mng da trn CLR (Common Language Runtime).

1.1.2 ASP.NET tch hp vi Framework

.NET Framework c chia thnh b cc tc v cho tng chc nng gm cc lp

(class), cc cu trc (structures), cc giao din (interfaces) v cc li (core) thnh

phn chng trnh. Trc khi s dng thnh phn no ta phi hiu c bn v chc

nng, cc t chc ca n. Mi mt trong hng nghn cc tng lp c nhm theo

trnh t logic, th bc c gi l mt namespace. Mi namespace cung cp mt

tnh nng.

1.1.3 Tnh a ngn ng

xy dng mt ng dng web chng ta khng ch chn mt ngn ng m c th

chn nhiu ngn ng khc. iu quan trng l cc ngn ng chng ta chn m ca

2 BI 1. ASP.NET

n dch c ra m IL. iu c ngha l IL l ngn ng ca .NET v ch c CLR

nhn bit c IL.

1.1.4 Tnh hng i tng

ASP.NET l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng s dng cc ngn ng .NET. N

cung cp b cc i tng nh v thc s l mt tng lm vit trn nguyn l ca

HTTP v HTML. M ngun ca chng ta khng c truy cp ton b cc i tng

trong .NET Framework nhng c th khai thc tt c cc quy c ca mt mi trng

OOP (Object Oriented Programming). Chng ta c to cc lp, giao din, k tha cc

lp ... Chng ta c th kim sot c cc i tng trong chng trnh nh hin th

d liu v cc s kin ca i tng.

1.1.5 Bin dch ASP.NET

Mt ng dng ASP.NET lun lun c bin dch, n khng chy bng m ca C#

hoc Visual Basic m khng c bin dch trc. Mt ng dng ASP.NET thc s

c bin dch thng qua 2 giai on:

Giai on u tin nhng cc m (code) ta vit (C#, Visual Basic hoc ngn ng

.NET khc) c dch bi Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). Giai on dch

ny c dch t ng khi trang wed u tin yu cu. Chng ta c th thc hin dch

trc. Cc tp tin c dch thnh m IL (Intermediate Language Code).

Giai on tip theo c dch trc khi trang Web c thc thi. Ti giai on

ny m IL c dch thnh bn m my (Native Machine Code). Giai on ny c

gi l Just-In-Time (JIT).

BI 1. ASP.NET 3

Hnh 1.1. Kin trc .Net Framework

Kha cnh quan trng nht ca cng c ASP.NET l n chy trong mi trng thi

gian thc (Runtime) ca CLR (Common Language Runtime). CLR l my o (virtual

machine) trong Microsoft .NET, do c ngn ng trung gian IL nn khi pht trin ng

dng trn .NET, chng ta khng b ph thuc vo thit b, c ngha l theo Microsoft

ni th ng dng .NET c th chy trn bt k thit b no c .NET Framework. Tt c

cc namespace, cc ng dng, cc lp trong b .NET Framework c gi tt l b

qun l m. CLR cng cung cp cc dch v quan trng khc nh:

Qun l b nh

Thu nht rc

Qun l cc tuyn

X l ngoi l

An ton

1.1.6 D dng trin khai v cu hnh

Mi s ci t .NET Framework u cung cp cc lp nh nhau. trin khai ng

dng ASP.NET chng ta ch cn sao chp cc tp tin vo th mc o trn my ch

(server) v my ch ch cn c .NET Framework.

4 BI 1. ASP.NET

Vic cu hnh d dng n gin khng ph thuc vo IIS (Internet Information

Services). Cu hnh trong ASP.NET c t trong tp tin web.config. Tp tin

web.config c cng vi th mc cha trang web ca chng ta. Tp tin

web.config khng bao gi b kha, chng ta c th truy cp bt k lc no, vic sa

tp tin ny hon ton d dng v chng c lu di dng XML.

1.2 TNH NNG MI TRONG ASP.NET

Microsoft pht hnh ASP.NET vo ngy 19 thng 11 nm 2007 cng vi Visual

Stutio 2008. y l bc tin ha t ASP.NET 2.0 ti ASP.NET 3.5. Nu chng ta

ang s dng ASP.NET 2.0 s dng ASP.NET 3.5 ch cn ci t thm cc tnh

nng mi ca ASP.NET 3.5. Trong phn ny ta s gii thiu mt s tnh nng mi

trong ASP.NET 3.5

1.2.1 Cc cng c iu khin mi

Cc cng c (control) ListView v DataPager c th dng mi kiu d liu mi

LinqDataSource.

ListView linh hot hn v c cha ton b tnh nng ca Gridview, Datagrid,

Repeater trong ASP.NET 2.0. N cung cp cc kh nng v chn, xa, sa, sp xp,

phn trang. Chng ta hon ton nh dng c vic d liu hin th trn ListView

m khng cn phi s dng th . Cc Template trong ListView rt phong

ph v a dng. Datager cung cp cho ListView trong vic phn trang.

1.2.2 LINQ

LINQ (Language Integrated Query) cung cp kh nng lp trnh mi trong .NET l

gii php lp trnh hp nht, em n kh nng truy vn d liu theo c php SQL

trc tip trong C# hay VB.NET, p dng cho tt c cc dng d liu t i tng n

C s d liu quan h v XML.

1.2.3 Cc Assembly mi

System.Core.dll: Cc ci t cho LINQ to Objects

BI 1. ASP.NET 5

System.Data.Linq.dll: Cc ci t cho LINQ to SQL

System.Xml.Linq.dll: Cc ci t cho LINQ to XML

System.Data.DataSetExtensions.dll

Cc hin thc cho LINQ n DataSet

System.Web.Extensions.dll: Cc ci t for ASP.NET AJAX

1.2.4 ASP.NET MVC (Model View Control)

Kin trc MVC l vic chia tt c mc ca mt ng dng ra lm ba thnh phn

(component) khc nhau Model, View v Controller:

Model: Model c giao nhim v cung cp d liu cho c s d liu v lu d

liu vo cc kho cha d liu. Tt c cc nghip v logic c thc thi Model. D

liu vo t ngi dng s thng qua View c kim tra Model trc khi lu vo c

s d liu. Vic truy xut, xc nhn, v lu d liu l mt phn ca Model.

View: View hin th cc thng tin cho ngi dng ca ng dng v c giao

nhim v cho vic nhn cc d liu vo t ngi dng, gi i cc yu cu n b iu

khin, sau l nhn li cc phn hi t b iu khin v hin kt qu cho ngi

dng. Cc trang HTML, JSP, cc th vin th v cc tp tin ngun l mt phn ca

thnh phn View.

Controller: Controller l tng trung gian gia Model v View. Controller c

giao nhim v nhn cc yu cu t pha my khch. Mt yu cu c nhn t my

khch c thc hin bi mt chc nng logic thch hp t thnh phn Model v sau

sinh ra cc kt qu cho ngi dng v c thnh phn View hin th.

1.3 TO TRANG WEB VI VISIUAL STUDIO

1.3.1 To d n mi

Chng ta kch hot ng dng Visual Studio (h1.2).

6 BI 1. ASP.NET

Hnh 1.2. To mi d n

Nu chn New Project xut hin hp hi thoi New Project (h1.3)

Trong Project Type:

o Visual Basic Web nu chn Visual Basic l ngn ng vit ng dng.

o Visual C# Web nu chn C# l ngn ng vit ng dng.

Trong Templates chn ASP.NET Web Application,.

Trong Name t tn cho Project, tn do ta t.

Trong Location l th mc cha Project.

o Nu chn New Web Site xut hin hp hi thoi New Project sau.

Trong Languge:

o Visual Basic Web nu chn Visual Basic l ngn ng vit ng dng.

o Visual C# Web nu chn C# l ngn ng vit ng dng.

Trong Templates chn ASP.NET Web Application.

Trong Location chn tn v th mc cha Project.

BI 1. ASP.NET 7

Hnh 1.3. Chn ng dng Web form application

1.3.2 V d

Hnh 1.4. To d n dng Web form

8 BI 1. ASP.NET

V d ta to mt d n c tn l ViDu1, t ti a D, chn ngn ng chn l C#

(h1.5) sau bm OK. Sau chng ta c tp tin Default.aspx

Hnh 1.5. ViDu1 project

Trong v d u tin ny chng ta son mt on m sau trong Default.aspx:

Cho mng bn n vi ASP.NET

BI 1. ASP.NET 9

3.5

thc thi ng dng web ny di dng Debug, chng ta chn Deburg Start

Debugging hoc bm phm F5.

1.4 CC S KIN TRONG ASP.NET

thc hin c ng cc s kin trong qu trnh lp trnh vi ASP.Net, chng ta

cn tm hiu bng ngha cc tp tin nh sau:

Bng 1.1.Bng ngha cc tp tin

TP TIN MIU T

*.aspx Tp tin ny cha ton b giao din ngi dng, cc ty chn, cc

on m ngun ng dng. y l mt trong nhng trang web u

tin c bt u khi ngi s dng duyt web.

*.cs Tp tin ny cha cc m ngun ca C#

web.config Tp tin tin dng XML cha cu hnh cho ng dng ASP.NET. N bao

gm cc cu hnh v an ninh, qun l trng thi, qun l b nh.

global.asax Chng ta s dng tp tin ny khai bo cc bin ton cc v phn

ng vi cc s kin ton cc.

Trong :

Phn giao din ca ng dng nm trong cc tp tin .aspx v html.

Tt c cc tp tin m ngun (C#, VB.NET hoc ngn ng .NET) s c bin dch

thnh tp tin .DLL v nm trong th mc /Bin.

10 BI 1. ASP.NET

1.4.1 Chu k sng ca trang web trong ASP.NET (Page Life Cycle)

Hnh 1.6. Vng i ca trang ASP.NET

Chu k sng c bt u khi trnh duyt yu cu mt trang web gi l Session.

Chu k sng vn tip tc nu:

Session ang hot ng.

Ngi s dng tng tc vi giao din web cho n khi kch hot mt s kin.

D liu ca trang (View State) wed c gi v cho Server.

Server nhn c View State v tr li yu cu t View State.

Chu k sng kt thc khi:

Ngi dng kt thc trnh duyt.

Session kt thc (timeout).

1.4.2 Mt s s kin ca trang web

Cc s kin x l trong vng i ca trang web c m t trong bng sau:

BI 1. ASP.NET 11

Bng 1.2 Bng s kin lin quan cc din tin ca trang web

S KIN MIU T

Pre Init Kim tra thuc tnh IsPostBack khi ln u tin trang web ang

c s l. To mi hoc to mi li cc Control ng (Dynamic

Control). Thit lp trang ch (Master page), thuc tnh Theme. c

v thit lp gi tr cho thuc tnh Profile.

Init Lm ni (Raised) sau khi cc Control c khi ng v cc

Skin c ng dng. Chng ta s dng s kin ny c hoc

khi to cc thuc tnh ca Control.

Load S dng s kin ny thit lp thuc tnh cho Control, thit lp

cc kt ni vi C s d liu.

InitComplete S dng s kin ny x l cc tc v c yu cu khi tt c cc

khi to hon thnh.

Unload Trang c gii phng khi b nh

Error Khi xy ra li trong trang.

DataBinding Server Control trn trang c gn vi ngun d liu

1.4.3 S kin ng dng

Cc s kin x l trong vng i ca ng dng hay ca h thng c m t trong

bng sau:

Bng 1.3 Bng s kin ng dng

S KIN MIU T

Application_Start Ngi dng u tin duyt trang web.

Application_End Khi khng cn ngi dng no duyt trang web.

Application_Error Khi c li xy ra trong ng dng

Session_Start Khi ngi dng duyt mt trang web

Session_End Khi ngi dng ng trnh duyt hoc Session kt thc (time

out)

V d sau m s ngi truy cp v s ngi online, trong ta cn chun b ni

dung tp tin Global.asax nh sau:

12 BI 1. ASP.NET

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!File.Exists(D:\\Dem.txt)) File.WriteAllText(D:\\Dem.txt, 0); Application[SNTruyCap] = int.Parse(File.ReadAllText(D:\\Dem.txt)); } void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { } void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { } void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Application[SNOnline] == null) Application[SNOnline] = 1; else Application[SNOnline] = (int)Application[SNOnline] + 1; Application[SNTruyCap] = (int)Application[SNTruyCap] + 1; File.WriteAllText(D:\\Dem.txt, Application[SNTruyCap].ToString()); } void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { Application[SNOnline] = (int)Application[SNOnline] - 1; }

TM TT

Chu k sng ca trang web trong ASP.NET: chu k sng c bt u khi trnh

duyt yu cu mt trang web gi l Session.

Chu k sng vn tip tc nu:

Session ang hot ng.

Ngi s dng tng tc vi giao din web cho n khi kch hot mt s kin.

D liu ca trang (View State) wed c gi v cho Server.

Server nhn c View State v tr li yu cu t View State.

Chu k sng kt thc khi:

BI 1. ASP.NET 13

Ngi dng kt thc trnh duyt.

Session kt thc (timeout).

Kin trc MVC l vic chia tt c mc ca mt ng dng ra lm ba thnh phn

(component) khc nhau Model, View v Controller:

Model: Model c giao nhim v cung cp d liu cho c s d liu v lu d

liu vo cc kho cha d liu. Tt c cc nghip v logic c thc thi Model. D

liu vo t ngi dng s thng qua View c kim tra Model trc khi lu vo c

s d liu. Vic truy xut, xc nhn, v lu d liu l mt phn ca Model.

View: View hin th cc thng tin cho ngi dng ca ng dng v c giao

nhim v cho vic nhn cc d liu vo t ngi dng, gi i cc yu cu n b iu

khin, sau l nhn li cc phn hi t b iu khin v hin kt qu cho ngi

dng. Cc trang HTML, JSP, cc th vin th v cc tp tin ngun l mt phn ca

thnh phn View.

Controller: Controller l tng trung gian gia Model v View. Controller c

giao nhim v nhn cc yu cu t pha my khch. Mt yu cu c nhn t my

khch c thc hin bi mt chc nng logic thch hp t thnh phn Model v sau

sinh ra cc kt qu cho ngi dng v c thnh phn View hin th.

ActionServlet, Action, ActionForm v struts-config.xml l cc phn ca Controller.

BI TP

Cu 1. Thao tc

Lm quen vi mi trng Microsoft Visual Studio

Xy dng ng dng web n gin WebCalculator

o To Project WebApplication

o Thit k giao din WebForm

14 BI 1. ASP.NET

o Vit m lnh x l n gin

o Chy, Debug v sa li chng trnh

Cu 2. Mi trng Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 hoc mi hn

Mt s khi nim c s

o Form

o Controls

o Properties (ID, Width, Height,)

o Phng thc

o S kin

o Th tc Hm (Private, Protected, Public)

o Th vin

o Lu m ngun trong tp tin ring bit (Yes? No?)

Giao din mi trng

o Start Page

o Option Dialog (Line number,).

o Toolbox

Thm control/tab vo toolbox (Bm phi \ Add )

Ko th control vo Form

o Properties

o Solution Explorer

o Class View

o Xem mn hnh design form: Shift-F7

o Chuyn i t Design sang Code v ngc li: F7

o Chy chng trnh: Ctrl-F5 (hoc F5 vi ch Debug)

BI 2. CC LP S DNG TRONG ASP.NET 15

BI 2. CC LP S DNG

TRONG ASP.NET

Hc xong bi ny ngi hc s nm c cc ni dung sau.

Hiu c cc khi nim v i tng Http Request, Http Response, Http Server,

Session, Cookie.

Bit vn dng thnh tho nhng i tng ny trong bi lp trnh lin quan.

2.1 HTTP REQUEST

2.1.1 Gii thiu

Request l mt th hin ca lp HttpRequest. Trnh duyt dng i tng

Request gi thng tin cn thit ti Server.

Hnh 2.1. Ngi dng gi yu cu n server

i tng Request nhn tt c gi tr m trnh duyt ca client gi n server

thng qua HTTP Request.

Request i din cho Client khi yu cu trang Web, Server s dng va Response

va Request p ng yu cu hay i hi thng tin t Client.

16 BI 2. CC LP S DNG TRONG ASP.NET

2.1.2 Cc thuc tnh

2.1.2.1 REQUESTTYPE

RequestType: tr v phng thc truyn d liu t client n server gm 2

phng thc POST v GET

C php: var valMethode=Request.RequestType;

2.1.2.2 TP HP FORM - FORM COLLECTION

Form collection c s dng tp hp d liu c cha trong cc phn t ca

form chuyn t client n server bng phng thc POST.

Ly d liu t cc phn t ca form:

C php: var VarName= Request.Form[FieldName];

V d: ti trang Default.aspx

UserName: Password:

Hnh 2.2. Mn hnh giao din web

Ti trang CheckUser.aspx, ta ly gi tr ca UserName v Password trn form:

UserName:


Password

Count: tr v s phn t ca form chuyn t client n server

C php: int Numelement=Request.Form.Count;

Tp hp kha Keys: tr v tn ca phn t ti v tr th i, trong i c gi tr

t 0 n n-1, vi n=Request.Form.Count

C php: var Varfield=Request.Form.Keys[i];

V d ti trang Default.aspx:

using System;

using System.Web.UI; namespace ViDu1 { public partial class _Default : Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string varField, varName; int num = Request.Form.Count; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { varField = Request.Form.Keys[i]; varName = Request.Form[varField]; Response.WriteLine(string.Format(Key[{0}] = {1}, varField, varName)); } } }

}

2.1.2.3 TP HP QUERYSTRING

Request.QueryString

QueryString c dng ly d liu c gi t client n server bng phng

thc GET hoc truyn d liu c cha tag lin kt Hyperlink. QueryString c


nh ngha l chui nm sau du ? trong chui URL (Uniform Resource Locator) trn

phn Address ca trnh duyt.

C 3 cch truyn tham s v gi tp tin x l

Cch 1: dng action , tham s truyn qua phn t ca form

Cc phn t ca form

Cch 2: dng action , tham s ghi sau du ?

Cc phn t ca form

Cch 3: dng chui lin kt , tham s ghi sau du ?. Cc tham s c khai bo

cch nhau bi du &, gi tr ca mi tham s t sau du =

Text hoc image

Nu tham s khng c gi tr th gi tr tr v ca tham s khi s dng

Request.QueryString l NULL.

Vi ba cch truyn d liu t Client nu trn, pha Server s dng tp hp

QueryString nhn d liu

C php: Request.QueryString[varName];

Tp hp kha Keys

Keys[i]: tr v tn ca phn t ti v tr th i, trong i c gi tr t 0 n n-1

vi n = Request.QueryString.Count

C php: var Varfield=Request.QueryString.Keys[i];


Hnh 2.3. Form ng nhp ti Login.aspx

UserName: Password:

Ti Server, trang Login.aspx.cs, ta ly gi tr ca UserName v Password:

using System; namespace ViDu1 { public partial class Login : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (this.IsPostBack) { string strUser = Request.QueryString[txtUser]; string strPws = Request.QueryString[txtPwd]; if (strUser == admin && strPws == 123){ ResultTextBox.Text = Dang nhap thanh cong; } else{ ResultTextBox.Text = Dang nhap khong thanh cong; }


} } } }

2.2 HTTP RESPONSE

2.2.1 Gii thiu

Http Response c dng truyn d liu my ch web n trnh duyt web.

Hnh 2.4. V d Response

2.2.2 Cc thuc tnh/phng thc

Thuc tnh Buffer: c 2 gi tr true v false quy nh cch truyn ti d liu:

C php: Response.Buffer=true/false;

o true: Hon tt cng vic v gi mt ln

o false: Thc hin xong n u th gi n

isClientConnected: Kim tra my client c yu cu kt ni n server, kt qu

tr v gi tr true/false

Cookies: c s dng ghi Cookies. Cookies c th hin trong asp.Net l

lp Httpcookies

Clear(): Xa vng tm

C php: Response.Clear()

End(): Kt thc tin trnh x l trn Server v y d liu ti Client

Flush(): Kt thc tin trnh, quay li thc hin tip


Redirect(url) : dng chuyn client sang mt URL khc

Redirect(url, Boolean): dng chuyn client sang mt URL khc, trong :

o Nu Boolean=true th khi thc hin xong, lnh Response s thc hin tip

o Nu Boolean =false th khi thc hin xong, lnh Response s dng

Write(Data): Ghi d liu ra trang web

V d: Response.Write(Hello world);

2.3 HTTP SERVER

i tng Server cung cp cc phng thc gip chuyn iu khin gia cc

trang vi nhau, ly thng tin v m li, encode,

Cc thuc tnh:

o MachineName: tn server

o ScriptTimeout: thit lp thi gian x l ti a 1 tp tin

V d: Server.ScriptTimeout=100s //thit lp thgian mc nh

HtmlEncode(str): dng m ho HTML thnh chui

C php: Khi m ho chui HTML sang chui bnh thng nu gp cc k t nh

sau s chuyn sang k t tng ng:

o K t < chuyn thnh <

o K t > chuyn thnh >

o K t & chuyn thnh &

o Du nhy i chuyn thnh "

HtmlDecode(strcontent):gii m cc th HTML

V d: Str=n>5; Str=server.HtmlDecode(str); // kt qu n>5

Transfer: gi tt c thng tin m n x l t trang ASP hin hnh sang trang

ASP khc


C php: Tham s path l ng dn ca tp tin ASP cn chuyn iu khin.

Phng thc URLEncode: Tng t nh phng thc HTMLEncode, phng

thc URLEcode dng m ho URL thnh chui

C php: Khi m ho chui URL sang chui bnh thng nu gp cc k t nh

sau, s chuyn sang k t tng ng:

o K t khong trng chuyn thnh du +

o K t khng thuc k t ch v s s chuyn thnh s hexadecimal.

2.4 SESSION V COOKIE

2.4.1 Gii thiu Cookie v Session

im chung gia Cookie v Session l vic lu tr v qun l mt s thng tin

lin quan n ngi dng website, nhng thng tin ny cn dng trn nhiu trang

web ca cng h thng website.

Thng tin c lu tr vi khong thi gian quy nh trc, v c th t hy khi

ht thi gian cho php. Cookie v Session thun tin cho vic gi thng tin qua li

gia cc trang web m khng cn dng qua phng thc POST/GET gim thiu vic

pht sinh thm bin.

ng dng thng thy ca Cookie v Session l lu tr thng tin ng nhp ca

ngi dng, xc nh thi im ng nhp, thot khi website Kt hp vi thao tc

Redirect c th qun l, chn truy cp t ngi dng khi cha ng nhp

2.4.2 Cookie

2.4.2.1 C IM COOKIE

Cookie c lu tr trn trnh duyt, khi ngi dng s dng trnh duyt truy cp

vo mt website no th server s gi cookie v trnh duyt v lu tr trc tip

trn my ngi dng (client).


Cookie s khc nhau cho mi loi trnh duyt, IP ngi dng cng nh server ca

website. Cookie c to ra bi website v gi ti browser, do vy 2 website khc

nhau (cho d cng host trn 1 server) s c 2 cookie khc nhau gi ti trnh duyt .

Mi trnh duyt s c cch qun l v lu tr cookie theo cch ring ca mnh, cho

nn 2 trnh duyt cng truy cp vo 1 website s nhn c 2 cookie khc nhau.

Trong ASP.NET cc phng thc, thuc tnh lin quan n vic x l Cookie c

lu tr trong class HttpCookie. Cc thuc tnh thng dng trong Cookie:

Name: Tn Cookie.

Domain: Tn min ca Cookie lu tr.

Expires: Xc nh thi gian hiu lc ca Cookie.

Value: Gi tr ca Cookie.

HasKeys: Cho bit Cookie c tp gi tr con hay khng.

Values: Tp cc gi tr ca Cookie.

Mi ln c yu cu ln website, trnh duyt s gi cookie ln server, server s c

c ch c cookie v x l cho tc v no . Mi cookie c website gi n trnh

duyt thng bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh sau:

a ch URL ca website m trnh duyt nhn cookie

Thi gian tn ti ca Cookie

Gi tr lu tr.

2.4.2.2 PHNG THC THAO TC

Ghi Cookie:

C php: Respone.Cookies[cookie][key|attribute]=value;

Trong , cookie l tn bin cookie, key l tham s m rng cho Cookie, attribute

l cc thuc tnh ca bin Cookie.

c Cookie:

C php: value = Request.Cookies[cookie][key|attribute];


Thao tc trn Cookie c nhiu Subkey

Xa Cookie: Vic xa Cookie thc cht l thao tc chnh thi gian hiu lc v

trc thi im hin ti so vi gi h thng.

2.4.3 Session

2.4.3.1 C IM

Ta c th cha thc s dng cookie lu tr Shoping Cart. Mt cookie va qu

nh v qu n gin. lm vic ngoi gii hn ca Cookie, ASP.NET Framework h

tr mt chc nng mi c gi l Session State. Ging vi Cookie, Session lu

tr d liu trong phm vi ring vi tng ngi s dng. Nhng khng ging vi

Cookie, Session khng gii hn dung lng, nu ta cn lu tr hng Gigabyte d

liu, hn th na Session c th a ra iu i tng phc tp hn l chui Text. Ta

c th lu tr mt vi i tng trong Session. V d ta c th lu tr mt Dataset

hay mt Shoping Cart trong Session.

2.4.3.2 SESSION TRONG ASP.NET

Trong ASP.NET cng nh cc cng ngh lp trnh web khc, Session c to ra

khi Client bt u c yu cu gi ti Server v s kt thc khi Client c thao tc hy

Session hoc sau mt thi gian (nh trc) khng c bt k thao tc no ln Server.

Khi Session c to ng thi phng thc Session_OnStart() s c thc thi

v tng t khi kt thc Session phng thc Session_OnEnd() s c thc thi.

2.4.3.3 MT S PHNG THC THAO TC TRN SESSION

Timeout: Qui nh khong thi gian (tnh bng pht) Web Server duy tr Session

nu ngi dng khng gi yu cu no v li Server.

o Gi tr mc nh ca Timeout l 20. Nu khng c yu cu no k t ln

yu cu cui cng sau mt khong thi gian l pht, i tng

Session m Web server cp cho ln lm vic s t ng c gii

phng.


o Nhng yu cu sau , webserver coi nh l mt ngi dng mi, v s

cp mt i tng Session mi.

V d: Thit lp thi gian cho 1 phin lm vic ca user l 100 pht

Session.TimeOut = 100;

C th thit lp thuc tnh ny trong tp tin Web.config

SessionID: cha ID ca session ang kch hot, mi user c phn bit bi

sessionID gi l m phin lm vic.

Count: tr v s session trong mt ng dng

Abandon(): gii phng vng nh c dng duy tr i tng Session trn

Web Server ngay khi c gi thc hin. Nhng yu cu sau c Web server coi

nh l mt ngi dng mi.

Remove(SessionName): xo d liu trn bin VarSession

RemoveAll(): Xo d liu, nhng sessionID vn tn ti

Cng c th dng Session lu cc bin gi tr nh Cookie

Session[nameVar] = value;

TM TT

Bi hc ny gii thiu v cc i tng lm vic thng dng v quan trng trong

k thut lp trnh web l Request, Response, Cookie v Session.

Request l mt th hin ca lp HttpRequest, Browser dng Request object gi

thng tin cn thit ti Server. i tng Request nhn tt c gi tr m trnh duyt

ca client gi n server thng qua HTTP request.

Http Response c s dng truyn d liu webserver n webBrowser


i tng Server cung cp cc phng thc gip chuyn iu khin gia cc trang

vi nhau, ly thng tin v m li, encode,

Cookie c lu tr trn trnh duyt, khi ngi dng s dng trnh duyt truy cp

vo mt website no th server s gi cookie v trnh duyt v lu tr trc tip

trn my ngi dng (client). Cookie s khc nhau cho mi loi trnh duyt, IP ngi

dng cng nh server ca website. Cookie c to ra bi website v gi ti browser,

do vy 2 website khc nhau (cho d cng host trn 1 server) s c 2 cookie khc

nhau gi ti trnh duyt. Mi trnh duyt s c cch qun l v lu tr cookie theo

cch ring ca mnh, cho nn 2 trnh duyt cng truy cp vo 1 website s nhn c

2 cookie khc nhau.

Ging vi Cookie, Session lu tr d liu trong phm vi ring vi tng ngi s

dng. Nhng khng ging vi Cookie, Session khng gii hn dung lng, nu ta cn

lu tr hng Gigabyte d liu, hn th na Session c th a ra iu i tng phc

tp hn l chui Text. Ta c th lu tr mt vi i tng trong Session. Session c

to ra khi Client bt u c Requset gi ti Server v s kt thc khi Client c thao

tc hy Session hoc sau mt thi gian (nh trc) khng c bt k thao tc no ln

Server.

BI TP

Bi thc hnh ny ta s s dng Visual Studio thit k web vi cc trang nhp

liu, truyn tham s gia cc trang v hin th thng tin chi tit, ta c th thc hin

cc cng vic ny theo cc bc sau:

To WebForm, t tn l DVDCatalog.aspx vi giao din thit k nh sau:


Trong ca s Solution Explorer, ta bm chut phi ln file DVDCatalog.aspx, chn

View Code. Trong s kin Form_Load ta hy vit lnh sau:

Ta bm p vo nt Reset thc hin vit m lnh nh sau:

Ta vit s kin cho nt Submit v bm p vo nt Submit thc hin lnh:


Ta to mi mt Web Form v t tn l Bill.aspx. Trong ca s Solution

Explorer, ta bm chut phi ln file Bill.aspx, chn View Code. Trong s

kin Page_Load ta vit m lnh sau:

Trong ca s Solution Explorer, bm chut phi ln file DVDCatalog.aspx, chn

View in Browser. Ta in y cc thng tin v bm nt Submit v xem kt qu.

BI 3. TRUY CP D LIU 29

BI 3. TRUY CP D LIU


Khi nim v v ADO.NET, SqlDatasource, LinqDataSource, Linq v phng

php lm vic ca tng i tng.


3.1 TNG QUAN

Phn ln cc ng dng hin nay u s dng c s d liu. C nhiu cch thc

truy cp d liu khc nhau trong cc cng ngh ca Microsoft nh ADO, RDO, DAO,

ODBC. Tuy nhin t khi .NET Framework ra i th cng ngh ADO.NET c tch

hp, ADO.NET cha cc lp cho php cc ng dng kt ni vi cc ngun d liu

(connect data sources), thc hin cc lnh (execute commands), qun l d liu

ngt kt ni (manage disconnected data). Vi ADO.NET, ngi lp trnh c th vit t

m lnh thao tc c s d liu hn so vi cc cng ngh trc trong cc ng dng

client-server hoc cc ng dng trn desktop.

Mt khc, trong ASP.NET t phin bn .NET Framework 2.0 tr ln c thm cc

thao tc vi c s d liu m khng s dng ADO.NET nh SqlDataSource, LINQ

hoc Profiles.

Ngoi ra cc ng dng truy cp d liu ca .NET Framework cn c th truy nhp

vo cc ngun d liu ngoi nh tp tin, Stream, XML, Ajax, web services, WCF, data

services.

Trong bi hc ny, ta s to ra mt Web site project thao tc vi c s d liu, s

dng Visual Studio 2008 to mt project Website, trong to mt c s d liu tn

30 BI 3. TRUY CP D LIU

l DB_TEST.MDF trong folder App_Data. (h3.1, h3.2), ri S dng c s d liu

DB_TEST to 2 table HangHoa v KhoHang.

Hnh 3.1. Thm Sql c s d liu t d n

Hnh 3.2. Thit k bng

Sau , ta to mt chui kt ni (connection) trong tp tin cu hnh web.config v

t tn l ConnectionString cho php truy nhp vo c s d liu.

Ni dung tp tin web.config:


3.2 TRUY CP D LIU ADO.NET

ADO.NET Data Providers cho php truy nhp vo mt c s d liu c th, thc

hin cc cu lnh SQL v nhn d liu. Data provider l chic cu ni gia ng dng

v ngun d liu.

Lp ADO.NET Data Provider bao gm cc thnh phn:

Connection: Thc hin kt ni ti ngun c s d liu;

Command: Thc hin mt cu lnh SQL hoc mt store procedures;

DataReader: Ch c v nhn d liu t mt truy vn;

DataAdapter thc hin 2 nhim v:


o in d liu nhn c vo mt DataSet,

o C th ghi nhn s thay i d liu trong DataSet.

Mt v d s dng ADO.NET vi i tng hin th d liu l GridView. To mt

webform t tn l Adonet.aspx, trong webform to mt GridView t tn l

GridView1. M lnh thc hin kt ni d liu:

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ConnectionString].ConnectionString); SqlCommand sql = new SqlCommand(SELECT * FROM HangHoa, conn); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(sql); sda.Fill(ds, HangHoa); DataTable dt = ds.Tables[HangHoa]; GridView1.DataSource = dt.DefaultView; GridView1.DataBind();

Kt qu chng trnh l:

Hnh 3.3. Hin th danh sch hang ha trn trang vi GridView

3.3 TRUY CP D LIU XML

D liu XML ngy cng thng dng v c pht trin mnh m hn trc. Trong

cc ng dng ngy nay, vic s dng XML thay cho d liu truyn thng ang c xu

hng pht trin mnh m. Tuy nhin cc ng dng s dng XML lm c s d liu

vn cn mc quy m nh v hn ch.


V d s dng GridView hin th d liu trong mt tp tin XML.

Ni dung tp tin Employee.xml:

Nguyen Van A 1988 Student Do Nhu B 1989 Engineer

Ni dung tp tin XML.aspx.cs:

DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ds.ReadXml(Server.MapPath(Employee.xml)); DataTable dt = ds.Tables[Employees]; GridView1.DataSource = dt.DefaultView; GridView1.DataBind();

Kt qu chng trnh l:

Hnh 3.4. Kt qu chng trnh

3.4 SQLDATASOURCE

SqlDataSource l mt thnh phn c gii thiu t .NET Framework 2.0. S

dng SqlDataSource truy cp d liu s khng cn phi vit m lnh lp trnh, ch

cn khai bo y cc thuc tnh cn. SqlDataSource ch nn dng khi khng cn s

dng cc truy vn SQL qu phc tp thao tc vi c s d liu.


SqlDataSource l mt cch thc kt ni d liu dng ADO.NET provider:

System.Data.SqlClient,

System.Data.OracleClient,

System.Data.OleDbClient,

System.Data.OdbcClient.

SqlDataSource cn c mt mt chui m t kt ni (connectionString) thng t

trong web.config. Tip theo ca SqlDataSource l mt cu lnh SQL c th l mt cu

lnh truy vn SELECT hoc cc cu lnh lin quan n thay i d liu nh: DELETE,

INSERT, UPDATE.

Hnh 3.5. Kt hp d liu vi SqlDataSource

La chn bng cn hin th d liu vo trong SqlDataSource (v d table KhoHang)

sau thit lp GridView tr vo SqlDataSource va c to.


Hnh 3.6. Cu hnh kt ni

Kt qu chng trnh l:

Hnh 3.7. Trang hin th danh sch kho hng trn trnh duyt

3.5 TRUY CP D LIU LINQ

LINQ l mt s sng to mi trong .NET Framework 3.5 (Language Integrate

Query) l mt tp hp m rng ngn ng cho php thc hin cc truy vn trong ngn

ng C# 2008 v Visual Basic 2008. LINQ cho php chn (select), lc (filter), sp th

t (sort), nhm (group) v chuyn (transform) d liu t cc ngun d liu (data

source) khc nhau theo mt cch chung. LINQ to Objects thc hin truy vn cc i


tng, LINQ to DataSet thc hin truy vn DataSet, LINQ to SQL thc hin truy

vn n c s d liu SQL Server m khng phi vit m ngun, LINQ to XML c

d liu t nh dng XML.

3.5.1 LINQ c bn

Nu khng dng LINQ, nu cn ly tt c hng ha bt u bng B th ta c m

ngun sau:

DanhMucHangHoa dm = new DanhMucHangHoa(); List dshh = dm.LayDanhMucHangHoa(); List dmhh = new List(); foreach (HangHoaChiTiet hh in dshh) { if (hh.HangHoa_TenHang.ToString().StartsWith(B)) { dmhh.Add(hh); } } Nu s dng LINQ trong m lp trnh: List dshh = dm.LayDanhMucHangHoa(); IEnumerable dmhh; dmhh = from hh in dshh where hh.HangHoa_TenHang.ToString().StartsWith(B) select hh; GridView1.DataSource = dshh; GridView1.DataBind();

3.5.2 Cch lm vic ca LINQ

dng LINQ, ta cn to ra mt LINQ expression theo ng quy tc.

Gi tr tr v ca LINQ expression l mt i tng iterator thc thi giao din

IEnumerable

Khi enumerable c gn vo iterator th LINQ thc hin.

3.5.3 C php LINQ

C php LINQ tng t nh mt c php ca SQL nhng c trt t khc vi SQL.

3.5.3.1 DNG FILTER V SORTING VI LINQ

IEnumerable dmhh = from hh in dshh where hh.HangHoa_TenHang.ToString().StartsWith(B)


select hh;

hoc:

IEnumerable dmhh = from hh in dshh

orderby hh.HangHoa_TenHang

select hh;

Ta c th dng LINQ nh sau (hai cu lnh sau tng ng nhau):

IEnumerable dmhh = from hh in dshh select hh;

Hoc:

IEnumerable dmhh = hh.Select(hh => hh);

3.5.3.2 LINQDATASOURCE

LinqDataSource l mt iu khin c th thc hin nhiu tc v thm, sa, xa

d liu mt cch t ng. Vi LinqDataSource, ta khng cn vit m ngun cho c

vic cp nht, sa i d liu cng ging nh SqlDataSource.

Hnh 3.8. Thm Linq to SQL vo d n


Sau ta to ra m hnh LinqSqlDataContext cho php Linq ly d liu t c s

d liu DB_TEST.MDF

Hnh 3.9. M hnh dbml

Ta thit lp cu hnh cho control Linqdatasource1 nh sau: Chn

Linqdatasource1 Configure Data Source Chn LinqSqlDataContext, ri

thc hin a d liu t LinqDataSource vo vo GridView:


Hnh 3.10 Kt qu thc thi

Kt qu chng trnh l:

Hnh 3.11. Danh sch hng ha


TM TT

Lp ADO.NET Data Provider bao gm cc thnh phn: Connection: Thc hin

connect ti ngun c s d liu; Command: Thc hin mt cu lnh SQL hoc mt

store procedures; DataReader: Ch c v nhn d liu t mt truy vn; DataAdapter

thc hin 2 nhim v: in d liu nhn c vo mt DataSet, c th ghi nhn s

thay i d liu trong DataSet.

LINQ cho php x l d liu t cc ngun khc nhau theo mt cch chung. LINQ to

Objects thc hin truy vn cc i tng, LINQ to DataSet thc hin truy vn

DataSet, LINQ to SQL thc hin truy vn n c s d liu SQL Server m khng phi

vit m ngun, LINQ to XML c d liu t nh dng XML.

T khi c cc control SqlDataSource, LinqDataSource th c cn thit dng cc i

tng ca ADO.NET (Connection, Command, Adapter, ... ) truy cp d liu na

khng? Cu tr li l vn cn thit v d cc i tng SqlDataSource,

LinqDataSource rt linh hot v c th m ng hu ht cc chc nng nhng vn

cha th cung cp cho nhu cu ngi dng nht l i vi nhng thao tc phc tp

ln c s d liu.

Khi cn thc hin ly d liu t mt table trong c s d liu s dng ADO.NET ri

a vo i tng DataTable th cn cc b thnh phn no sau y: Connection,

DataSet, Adapter.

BI TP

Trong bi thc hnh ny, ta s xy dng trang website qun l tin:

Cho php chn mt lnh vc t combo box v hin th danh sch tin thuc lnh

vc c chn.

Cho php sp xp danh sch tin theo ngy ng tin, tiu .

Thao tc vi DataGrid: hin th d liu, phn trang, sp xp,


Cho php thm, xo, sa tin.

Yu cu:

nm bt c cch thc kt ni CSDL.

Xy dng c kin trc 3 tng.

To cc class : LinhVucInfo, BanTinInfo, BanTinController , LinhVucController,

LinhVucDAL, BanTinDAL, DataService.

42 BI 4. Lp trnh giao din web vi jQuery

BI 4. Lp trnh giao din web

vi jQuery


Bit c jQuery l g, cch thc ng k s dng jQuery trang html v

phng php lp trnh jQuery vi giao din html


4.1 jQUERY L G?

4.1.1 Gii thiu

jQuery l mt th vin kiu mi ca Javascript gip n gin ha cch vit

JavaScript v tng tc x l cc s kin trn trang web. Cc th vin jQuery cung

cp mt mc ch chung l s tru tng ho cc lp ph bin cho cc trang web

scripting, do n hu ch trong hu ht cc tnh hung scripting.

Cc chc nng jQuery bao gm:

Chn mt tag hoc mt tp hp cc tag trn trang web.

Cung cp cc hm tin ch thng dng.

Nhanh chng to ra cc tag mi.

Quan trng nht l phn tch vic thit k v lp trnh web trn pha client.

jQuery l mt th vin script, do ta c th thm vo trang web. Ta c th

download bn mi nht ca jQuery t http://docs.iquery.com/Downloading jQuery.

T Visual Studio 2008 SP1 h tr y cc chc nng ca JavaScript

Intellisense.

BI 4. Lp trnh giao din web vi jQuery 43

Mc ch chnh ca jquery-***-vsdoc.js l gip chng ta trong vic vit cc

dng ch thch v h tr cho vic pht sinh m thng minh trong khi son tho

jQuery.

Hnh 4.1. Website jQuery.com

4.1.2 S dng jQuery trong ASP.NET

T Visual Studio 2010 tr i, jQuery c tch hp sn trong cc d n web,

nh web form hay MVC.


Hnh 4.2. Cy th mc ca d n

Trc khi vit cc cu lnh jQuery, ta ch cn khai bo s dng th vin jQuery

nh sau:

Vi du 9


4.2 LP TRNH VI jQUERY

4.2.1 Chy m khi trang sn sng

Ta c th thy rng hu ht khi lp trnh vi Javascript, kt thc m thc thi bng

cch thm cc dng m vo script, tng t nh sau:

window.onload = function() { ... }

Cc m bn trong s c thc thi khi trang c ti xong. Tuy nhin, m

Javascript khng chy cho n khi tt c cc hnh nh trong trang c ti xong,k c

banner qung co. L do cho vic s dng window.onload l chc chn rng i

tng HTML document phi c ti xung ht, sau mi chy m kia. gii

quyt, jQuery c cu lnh n gin, c bit nh:

$(document).ready(function() {

//M ca chng ta

});

M ny kim tra i tng document v i cho n khi n sn sng s dng -

theo chng ta mun.

4.2.2 Hm $() - function $()

Khi chng ta lm vic vi CSS, Xpath hoc custom, jQuery s dng function $()

(du $ v cp du ngoc). Di dy l mt s thnh phn trong $():

$(p): p l tn ca mt th (tag).

$(#id): id l tn ca mt id.

$(.class): class l tn ca mt lp.

4.2.3 Mt s API trong jQuery

4.2.3.1 CHN SELECTOR


#id : chn i tng vi id cho trc. Nu id cha cc k t nh du chm (.)

hoc 2 du [] th chng phi thm 2 du ngch cho (\\) vo trc cc k t .

V d:

$(#mainDiv).css(font-style, italic); Nu l $(#some.id) th phi vit thnh $(#some\\.id) Nu l $( #some [id] ) th phi vit thnh $(#some\\[id]\\)

Element: chn nhng i tng vi tag c gn

V d chn nhng element l select:

$(select).css(background-color, yellow);

Class : chn nhng i tng c lp css cho.

V d chn nhng i tng c lp css l required:

$(.required).css(background-color, yellow);

Selector1, selector2, selectorN : Ph hp vi s kt hp ca tt c cc kt

qu xc nh selectors, s lng selectors l bt k, trt t ca cc phn t DOM

trong i tng jQuery khng nht thit phi ng th t.

V d:

Vi du 9 1 $(document).ready(function () { $(#div1).css(color, red); $(#div3\\.1\\.\\[0\\]).css(color, red); $(div).css(width, 200px); $(div).css(height, 100px); $(.Class1).css(color, red); $(*).css(border, 1px solid blue); $(div,span).css(background-color, #EEEEEE); }); div { float: left; padding: 5px;


margin: 5px; } .Class1 { } Visual Studio ASP.NET Download jQuery Cho mng bn n vi jQuery

Ancestor descendant: Tng ng vi tt c cc phn t vi danh ngha

descendant (hu du nh con, chu, cht, ) ca cc phn t xc nh bi danh

ngha ancestor.

V d gn css cho nhng input nm trong cc form:

$(form input).css(border, 2px dotted blue);

parent > child : ly cc phn t con trc tip ca phn t cha cho trc. Tng

ng vi cc phn t con di danh ngha child ca phn t c xc nh vi danh

ngha parent.

V d gn css cho tt c phn t con ca i tng cha c id l main:

$(#main > *).css(border, 3px double red);

Ly phn t lin sau ca nhng i tng c chn theo c php: prev + next

V d ly phn t lin sau l input ca nhng label:

$( label + input).css(color, blue).val(Labeled!);

V d:

Vi du 9 1


$(document).ready(function () { $(form input).css(border, 1px solid blue); $(#submit > *).css(border, 1px solid red); $(label + input).css(background-color, red); }); body { font-size: 14px; } form { border: 2px green solid; padding: 2px; margin: 0; background: #efe; } div { color: red; } fieldset { margin: 1px; padding: 3px; } Nhp thng tin c nhn H v tn: Ni cng tc Tn cng ty: a ch: H khu thng tr: Cp nht Hy b


Hnh 4.3 Kt qu khi thc hin chng trnh

4.2.3.2 LC - FILTER

first : Tng ng vi phn t u tin c chn.

V d:

$(tr:first).css(font-style, italic);

last : tng ng vi phn t cui cng c chn.

V d:

$(tr:last).css(background-color, yellow);

:not(selector) : B ra tt c cc phn t tng ng cho selector.

V d :

$(input:not(:checked)+span).css(background-color, yellow);

:even : Tng ng vi cc phn t chn, ch s 0, 2, 4, ...

V d:

$(tr:even).css(background-color, #bbbbff);

:odd : Tng ng vi cc phn t l, ch s 1, 3, 5, ... V d:

V d:

$(tr:odd).css(background-color, #bbbbff);

:eq(index) :Tng ng vi mt phn t ring l bi ch s ca n.

V d gn css cho cc ct l ca bng:

V d: $(td:eq(2)).css(color, red);


Vi du 9 3 $(document).ready(function () { $(tr:first).css(font-style, italic); $(tr:last).css({ backgroundColor: 'yellow', fontWeight: 'bolder' }); $(tr:even).css(color, red); $(tr:odd).css(color, blue); $(tr:eq(4)).css(text-decoration, line-through); $(tr:gt(6)).css(font-size, 30px); $(tr:lt(3)).css(font-size, 25px); $(:header).css({ background: '#000', color: blue }); }); Dng th 1 Dng th 2 Dng th 3 Dng th 4 Dng th 5 Dng th 6 Dng th 7 Dng th 8 Dng th 9 Tiu 1 Ni dung 1 Tiu 2 Ni dung 2

Kt qu chng trnh


4.2.3.3 HTML TEXT VAL

html

Phng thc ny ch c cc element c thuc tnh inner html nh div, span, v.v

Ly ni dung html (innerHTML) ca phn t.

html() Kiu tr v: String

V d: Mi khi bm vo th p ly ni dung html ca th p v thng bo ni

dung ly c.

$(p).click(function() {alert($(this).html())});

Thit lp ni dung html (innerHTML) cho phn t.

html( value ) Kiu tr v: jQuery

V d: Thit lp ni dung html cho th div.

$(div).html(Cho cc bn! Chc bui hc hm nay th v.);

text

Ly ni dung text (innerText) ca phn t.

text() Kiu tr v: String

V d: Mi khi bm vo th p ly ni dung text ca th p v thng bo ni dung

ly c.

$(p).click(function() {alert($(this).html())});

Thit lp ni dung text (innerText) cho phn t.

text( value ) Kiu tr v: jQuery

V d: Thit lp ni dung text cho th div.

$(div).text(Cho cc bn! Chc bui hc hm nay th v);

Val

Phng thc ny ch c cc phn t c thuc tnh value nh input, select

val() Kiu tr v: String


V d: var $(#username).val() ;

Thit lp gi tr cho phn t.

val( value )

V d: Thit lp ni dung text cho th input.

V d: $(input).val(hello world);

4.2.3.4 N HIN

:hidden Tng ng vi tt c cc phn t c n i hoc phn t vo c dng

n hidden.

V d: $(div:hidden).show(3000);

:visible : tng ng vi cc phn t nhn thy c V d:

Bm chut vo cc th div nhn thy c.

V d: $(div:visible).click(function() {$(this).css(background, yellow);});

TM TT

Trong bi ny ta bt u lm quen vi jQuery. jQuery l mt th vin kiu mi ca

Javascript gip n gin ha cch vit JavaScript v tng tc x l cc s kin trn

trang web. Cc th vin jQuery cung cp mt mc ch chung l s tru tng ho

cc lp ph bin cho cc trang web scripting, do n hu ch trong hu ht cc tnh

hung scripting.

Cc chc nng jQuery bao gm:

Chn mt tag hoc mt tp hp cc tag trn trang web.

Cung cp cc hm tin ch thng dng.

Nhanh chng to ra cc tag mi.

Quan trng nht l phn tch vic thit k v lp trnh web trn pha client.


BI TP

Hy trnh by:

Cch s dng jQuery trong lp trnh ASP.Net truy xut d liu.

Mt s v d tng qut v y vi cc ng dng t nhng hm API

54 BI 5. TNG QUAN V ASP.NET MVC FRAMEWORK

BI 5. TNG QUAN V ASP.NET

MVC FRAMEWORK


Kin thc c bn v M hnh MVC cng cc c tnh, v u im khi p dng m

hnh MVC

Phng php iu hng URL vi MVC

Bit cch xy dng ng dng MVC n gin v vn dng thnh tho nhng k

thut lin quan m hnh MVC trong bi lp trnh lin quan.

5.1 TNG QUAN ASP.NET MVC

5.1.1 M hnh MVC c bn

MVC vit tt ca Models, Views, Controllers. MVC chia giao din UI thnh 3

phn tng ng: u vo ca controller l cc iu khin thng qua HTTP request,

model cha cc min logic, view l nhng th c sinh ra tr v cho trnh duyt.

Hnh 5.1. M hnh MVC c bn

BI 5. TNG QUAN V ASP.NET MVC FRAMEWORK 55

Li ch ca vic dng phng php MVC l s phn on r rng gia models,

views, controllers bn trong ng dng. Cu trc r rng ca m hnh MVC s gip cho

vic kim tra li ng dng tr nn d dng hn.

5.1.2 c tnh trong ASP.NET MVC

Tch r rng cc mi lin quan, m kh nng test TDD (Test Driven Developer).

Ta c th kim th n v (test unit) trong ng dng m khng cn phi chy

Controllers cng vi tin trnh ca ASP.NET v c th dng bt k mt unit testing

framework no nh NUnit, MBUnit, MS Test, v.v...

C kh nng m rng, mi th trong MVC c thit k cho php d dng thay

th/ty bin. V d: ta c th la chn s dng engine view ring, routing policy,

parameter serialization, v.v...

Bao gm mt nh x URL mnh m cho php xy dng ng dng vi nhng URL

sch, cc URL khng cn cs phn m rng. V d ta c th nh x a ch

/Products/Edit/4 thc hin hnh ng Edit ca lp iu khin ProductControllers

hoc nh x a ch /Blog/SomeTopic thc hin hnh ng Display Topic ca lp

iu khin BlogEngineController

ASP.NET MVC Framework cng h tr nhng tp tin ASP.NET nh .ASPX .ASCX

v .Master, nh du cc tp tin ny nh mt view template. Ta c th d dng

dng cc tnh nng ca ASP.NET nh lng cc trang Master, snippets, m

t server controls, template, data-binding, localization, v.v... . Tuy nhin chng s

khng cn postback v interactive back server v thay vo l interactive end-user

ti mt Controller class ( khng cn viewstate, page lifecycle )

ASP.NET MVC Framework h tr y cc tnh nng bo mt ca ASP.NET nh

forms/windows authenticate, URL authorization, membership/roles, output v data

caching, session/profile state, configuration system, provider architecture v.v...


5.1.3 Khc bit vi Web Form

ASP.NET WebForm s dng ViewState qun l, cc trang ASP.NET u c

lifecycle, postback v dng cc web controls, cc s kin thc hin cc hnh ng

cho UI khi c s tng tc vi ngi dng nn hu ht ASP.NET WebForm x l chm.

ASP.NET MVC Framework chia ra thnh 3 phn: Models, Views, Controllers. Mi

tng tc ca ngi dng vi Views s c thc hin hnh ng trong Controllers,

khng cn postback, khng cn lifecycle khng cn s kin.

Vic kim th (test), g li (debug) vi ASP.NET u phi chy tt c cc tin trnh

ca ASP.NET v mi s thay i ID ca bt k iu khin no cng nh hng n

ng dng. i vi ASP.NET MVC Framework th vic c th s dng cc unit test c

th thm nh rt d dng cc Controller thc hin nh th no.

Bng 5.1 Bng so snh tnh nng gia ASP.NET vi ASP.NET MVC

Tnh nng ASP.NET ASP.NET MVC

Kin trc

chng

trnh

Kin trc m hnh WebForm

Business Database

Kin trc s dng vic phn chia

chng trnh thnh Controllers,

Models, Views

C php

chng

trnh

S dng c php ca webform,

tt cc s kin v iu khin do

server qun l

Cc s kin c iu khin bi

controllers, cc iu khin khng

do server do server qun l

Truy cp

d liu

S dng hu ht cc cng ngh

truy cp d liu trong ng dng

Phn ln dng LINQ to SQL class

to m hnh truy cp i tng

Debug Debug chng trnh phi thc

hin tt c bao gm cc lp

truy cp d liu, s hin th,

iu khin cc iu khin

Debug c th s dng cc unit test

kim tra cc phng thc trong

controller

Tc

phn ti

Tc phn ti chm khi trong

trang c qu nhiu cc iu

khin v ViewState qu ln

Phn ti nhanh hn do khng phi

qun l ViewState qun l cc

control trong trang

Tng tc Tng tc vi javascript kh Tng tc vi javascript d dng v


Tnh nng ASP.NET ASP.NET MVC

vi

javascript

khn v cc iu khin c

iu khin bi server

cc i tng khng do server

qun l iu khin khng kh

URL

Address

Cu trc a ch URL c dng

.aspx?&

Cu trc a ch rnh mch theo

dng Controllers/Action/Id

5.1.4 Li ch ca ng dng web da trn m hnh MVC

ASP.NET MVC Framework mang li nhng li ch sau:

D dng qun l s phc tp ca ng dng bng cch chia ng dng thnh ba

thnh phn model, view, controller

N khng s dng view state hoc server-based form. iu ny tt cho nhng

lp trnh vin mun qun l ht cc kha cnh ca mt ng dng.

N s dng mu Front Controller, mu ny gip qun l cc yu cu (requests)

ch thng qua Controller. Nh ta c th thit k mt h tng qun l nh tuyn.

c nhiu thng tin hn, ta nn xem phn Front Controller trn web site MSDN

H tr tt hn cho m hnh pht trin ng dng hng kim th (TDD)

N h tr tt cho cc ng dng c xy dng bi nhng i c nhiu lp trnh

vin v thit k m vn qun l c tnh nng ca ng dng

Cc tnh nng ca ASP.NET MVC Framework:

Tch bch cc tc v ca ng dng (logic nhp liu, business logic, v logic giao

din), d dng kim th v mc nh p dng hng pht trin TDD. Tt c cc tnh

nng chnh ca m hnh MVC c ci t da trn interface v c kim th bng

cch s dng cc i tng mocks (mock object) l cc i tng m phng cc tnh

nng ca nhng i tng thc s trong ng dng. Ta c th kim th unit-test cho

ng dng m khng cn chy controller trong tin trnh ASP.NET, v iu gip unit

test c p dng nhanh chng v tin dng. Ta c th s dng bt k nn tng unit-

testing no tng thch vi nn tng .NET.


MVC l mt nn tng kh m rng (extensible) & kh nhng (pluggable). Cc

thnh phn ca ASP.NET MVC c thit k chng c th c thay th mt cch

d dng hoc d dng ty chnh. Ta c th nhng thm view engine, c ch nh

tuyn cho URL, cch kt xut tham s ca action-method v cc thnh phn khc.

ASP.NET MVC cng h tr vic s dng Dependency Injection (DI) v Inversion

of Control (IoC). DI cho php ta gn cc i tng vo mt lp cho lp s dng

thay v buc lp phi t mnh khi to cc i tng. IoC quy nh rng, nu mt

i tng yu cu mt i tng khc, i tng u s ly i tng th hai t mt

ngun bn ngoi, v d nh t tp tin cu hnh. V nh vy, vic s dng DI v IoC

s gip kim th d dng hn.

ASP.NET MVC c thnh phn nh x URL mnh m cho php ta xy dng nhng

ng dng c cc a ch URL xc tch v d tm kim. Cc a ch URL khng cn phi

c phn m rng ca tn tp tin v c thit k h tr cc mu nh dng tn

ph hp vi vic ti u ha tm kim (URL) v ph hp vi lp a ch theo kiu REST.

H tr cc tnh nng c sn ca ASP.NET nh c ch xc thc ngi dng, qun

l thnh vin, quyn, output caching v data caching, session v profile, qun l tnh

trng ng dng, h thng cu hnh

ASP.NET MVC 3 cn b sung mt view engine mi l Razor View Engine cho

php thit lp cc view nhanh chng, d dng v tn t cng sc hn so vi vic s

dng Web Forms view engine.

5.2 XY D NG NG DNG VI ASP.NET MVC

Tnh nng ASP.NET MVC Framework c tch hp sn t phin bn VS Studio

2010 tr i.

5.2.1 To Project vi ASP.NET MVC Web Application

Trong chng trnh Visual Studio 2008 ci t ASP.NET MVC Framework, ta

thc hin: Tp tin New Project Windows C# ASP.NET MVC Web

Application


Hnh 5.2. To ng dng MVC

Khi ta to mt ASP.NET MVC Framework th hp thoi Unit Test xut hin. Ta cn

chn Yes nu mun to Project Test, chn No nu khng mun to mt Unit Test.

Sau khi mt ng dng ASP.NET MVC Web Application c to, ta nhn vo

trong mc Solution Explorer s thy xut hin mc nh 3 th mc: Models, Views,

Controllers cha cc i tng tng ng vi cc thnh phn Models, Views,

Controllers trong m hnh MVC.

Ta c th m rng th mc Controllers s thy HomeController.cs, m rng th

mc Views s thy th mc Home, Shared v Account, m rng th mc Home s

thy About.aspx v Index.aspx


Hnh 5.3. Qun tr c s d liu trong d n dng MVC ca ASP.Net

Ta thc thi ng dng bng cch n F5. Nu l ng dng mi to ln u, ta s

thy thng bo hi c cho php m ch Debug hay khng. Nu ta ng chn

Modify the Web.config file to enable debugging, hoc khng mun debug th chn

Run without debugging.

Hnh 5.4. Minh ha cc bc to mt ASP.NET MVC


Kt qu khi chy ng dng (h5.5) l ng dng c np vo trnh duyt. Trong v

d ny ta ch c 2 trang l Index v About.

Hnh 5.5 Chng trnh MVC u tin

5.3 NH TUYN URL

5.3.1 Gii thiu

ASP.NET MVC Framework c mt h thng nh tuyn URL (URL Routing

System) linh hot cho php xc nh cc quy tc nh x a ch URL bn trong ng

dng. Mt h thng nh tuyn c 2 mc ch:

Xy dng mt tp hp cc URL i vo ng dng v nh tuyn chng ti cc

Controller v thc thi cc phng thc Action x l.

Xy dng cc URL gi i m c th gi ngc tr li Controllers/Actions. V d:

form posts, lin kt v cc li gi AJAX.

Ta s dng cc quy tc nh x URL iu khin URL i vo v i ra tng tnh

mm do cho vic lp trnh ng dng, ngha l nu mun thay i cu trc URL. V d


/Catalog thnh /Products, c th thay i mt tp hp quy tc nh x mc ng dng

m khng cn phi vit li m lp trnh bn trong Controllers v Views.

Cc quy tc nh tuyn URL mc nh trong ASP.NET MVC Web Application

Mc nh khi to ng dng vi ASP.NET MVC Web Application trong Visual Studio

s to ra mt ASP.NET Application class gi l Global.asax cha cu hnh cc quy tc

nh tuyn URL. Xy dng cc nh tuyn thng qua phng thc RegisterRoutes v

khi ng dng bt u, phng thc Application_Start() trong Global.asax.cs s gi

RegisterRoutes to ra bng nh tuyn.rs

Vi ASP.NET MVC Web Application th mc nh Controllers l HomeController,

mc nh ControllerAction l Index, mc nh Id l rng. Ngha l khi gi trang web

c xy dng thng qua template ASP.NET Web. vi http: //localhost/Home/Index/

Khi ng dng ASP.NET MVC Web Application nhn c mt Url, MVC Framework

s nh gi cc quy tc nh tuyn trong tp hp RouteTable.Routes quyt nh

Controller no s iu khin request. MVC framework chn Controller bng cch nh

gi cc quy tc trong bng nh tuyn theo trt t c sn.

5.3.2 Tm hiu nh tuyn URL

Trnh duyt yu cu mt a ch t controller action trong ASP.NET MVC

Framework c gi l nh tuyn URL (URL routing). Url routing s ch nh yu

cu ti controller action. URL routing s dng mt bng nh tuyn iu khin cc

request. Bng nh tuyn c to khi ng dng bt u c chy ln u tin.

Bng nh tuyn c thit lp trong tp tin Global.asax nh sau:

using System; using System.Globalization; using System.Threading; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; namespace VPAdmin { // Note: For instructions on enabling IIS6 or IIS7 classic mode, // visit http://go.microsoft.com/?LinkId=9394801


public class VisionPointMVCApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute({resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}); routes.MapRoute( Default, // Route name {controller}/{action}/{id}, // URL with parameters new { controller = Home, action = Index, id = UrlParameter.Optional}); } protected void Application_Start() { //AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader(Access-Control-Allow-Origin, *); if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == OPTIONS) { HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader(Cache-Control, no-cache); HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader(Access-Control-Allow-Methods, GET, POST); HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader(Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Content-Type, Accept); HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader(Access-Control-Max-Age, 1728000); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); } } }

}

Khi ng dng chy ln u tin, phng thc Application_Start() c gi,

phng thc ny gi mt phng thc khc RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes)

to ra bng nh tuyn.


nh tuyn mc nh chia mt yu cu thnh 3 phn on, mi phn on nm

gia 2 du /. Phn on u tin cha tn mt controller, phn on th 2 cha tn

controller action, phn on th 3 l tham s u vo ca controller action.

V d: vi a ch /Product/Details/3 c hiu l:

Controller = ProductController Action = Detail Id = 3

V d: vi a ch /Employee:

Controller = EmployeeController Action = Index Id =

TM TT

M hnh MVC (Models, Views, Controllers) chia giao din UI thnh 3 phn tng

ng: u vo ca controller l cc iu khin thng qua HTTP request, model cha

cc min logic, view l nhng th c sinh ra tr v cho trnh duyt.

MVC l mt nn tng kh m rng (extensible) & kh nhng (pluggable). Cc

thnh phn ca ASP.NET MVC c thit k chng c th c thay th mt cch

d dng hoc d dng ty chnh. Ta c th nhng thm view engine, c ch nh

tuyn cho URL, cch kt xut tham s ca action-method v cc thnh phn khc.

ASP.NET MVC cng h tr vic s dng Dependency Injection (DI) v Inversion of

Control (IoC). DI cho php ta gn cc i tng vo mt lp cho lp s dng thay

v buc lp phi t mnh khi to cc i tng. IoC quy nh rng, nu mt i

tng yu cu mt i tng khc, i tng u s ly i tng th hai t mt

ngun bn ngoi, v d nh t tp tin cu hnh. V nh vy, vic s dng DI v IoC

s gip kim th d dng hn.

ASP.NET MVC c thnh phn nh x URL mnh m cho php ta xy dng nhng

ng dng c cc a ch URL xc tch v d tm kim. Cc a ch URL khng cn phi

c phn m rng ca tn tp tin v c thit k h tr cc mu nh dng tn

ph hp vi vic ti u ha tm kim (URL) v ph hp vi lp a ch theo kiu REST.


H tr cc tnh nng c sn ca ASP.NET nh c ch xc thc ngi dng, qun l

thnh vin, quyn, output caching v data caching, seession v profile, qun l tnh

trng ng dng, h thng cu hnh

BI TP

1. Trong mt ng dng MVC, liu c tn ti 1 m hnh d liu Models, c n

Controllers, mi Controllers iu khin m Views khng?

2. Views ca MVC c th s dng AJAX, javascript khng?

3. Xy dng ng dng vi ASP.NET MVC Framework th trang web s chy nhanh

hn so vi xy dng trn nn WebForm c?

4. C phi thc hin test v debug trn ASP.NET MVC Framework d dng hn so

vi nn tng WebForm. p: ng. V vic thc hin test v debug trn ASP.NET MVC

Framework ch phi thc hin trn Controller nn d dng kim sot hn so vi thc

hin test v debug trn WebForm.

66 BI 6. Model View Controller

BI 6. Model View

Controller


Kin thc chuyn su tng thnh phn trong m hnh MVC

Bit cch vn dng thnh tho nhng k thut lin quan m hnh MVC trong bi

lp trnh lin quan.

6.1 TM HIU V CONTROLLER

Controller chu trch nhim iu khin cc tng tc ca ngi dng bn trong

ng dng MVC. Controller s quyt nh ci g c tr v cho ngi dng khi ngi

dng to ra mt request trn trnh duyt.

Mt controller l mt class (C# class hoc VB class). Trong v d ng dng

ASP.NET MVC Web Application mu lun tn tai 2 controller l AccountController.cs v

HomeController.cs nm trong folder Controllers.

M ngun ca tp tin HomeController.cs:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace MvcApplication6.Controllers { public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Message = Modify this template to jump-start your ASP.NET MVC

BI 6. Model View Controller 67

application.; return View(); } public ActionResult About() { ViewBag.Message = Your app description page.; return View(); } public ActionResult Contact() { ViewBag.Message = Your contact page.; return View(); } } }

Trong HomeController.cs c 2 phng thc l Index() v About(). Hai phng thc

ny l 2 hnh ng trong controller HomeController.cs n thc hin khi c gi bng

a ch /Home/Index v /Home/About. Bt k phng thc no c thuc tnh public

u l mt hnh ng trong controller.

Ta to mt Controller mi, trong folder Controllers phi chut chn Add New

Item MVC Controller Class


Hnh 6.1 To controller tn l SanPhamController.cs

M ngun ca SanPhamController.cs:

using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Mvc; using BanHang.Models; namespace BanHang.Controllers { public class SanPhamController : Controller { DataClassesDataContext data = new DataClassesDataContext(); public ActionResult Index() { // Add action logic here ViewData[Title] = Sn phm; return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } public ActionResult DanhMucLoaiSanPham() { // Code cua ban o day ViewData[Title] = Danh mc loi sn phm; List lsp = data.LoaiSanPhams.ToList(); return View(DanhMucLoaiSanPham, lsp); } public ActionResult DanhSachSanPham(string loaisanpham) { ViewData[Title] = Danh sch sn phm trong loi sn phm;


List sp = data.LaySanPhamTuLoaiSanPham(loaisanpham); return View(DanhSachSanPham, sp); } public ActionResult ChiTietSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Chi tit sn phm; SanPham ctsp = data.LaySanPhamQuaID(id); return View(ChiTietSanPham, ctsp); } } }

6.2 TM HIU V VIEW

Trong controller HomeController.cs, c hai phng thc Index() v About() u

tr v mt view. Mt view cha cc th HTML v c tr v cho trnh duyt. Trong

m hnh MVC th mt view tng ng vi mt trang .aspx trong WebForm.

View phi c to ng v tr ng dn. V d:

controller HomeController.cs th hnh ng HomeController.Index() tr v mt

view nm v tr ng dn \Views\Home\Index.aspx

HomeController.About() s tr v mt view nm v tr ng dn

\Views\Home\About.aspx

Ta to view cho controller SanPhamController.cs, trong SanPhamController.cs c 4

phng thc public l Index(), DanhMucLoaiSanPham(), DanhSachSanPham() v

ChiTietSanPham(), nn trong Views phi to 4 view tng ng l Index.aspx,

DanhMucLoaiSanPham.aspx, DanhSachSanPham.aspx, ChiTietSanPham.aspx bng

cch t folder Views bm phi chut chn Add New Folder v nhp tn folder mi

to l SanPham. T folder SanPham bm phi chut chn Add View


Hnh 6.2 Ca s d n dng MVC

Hnh 6.3 To view

DanhMucLoaiSanPham trong folder

SanPham

M ngun tp tin DanhMucLoaiSanPham.aspx:

y l danh mc loi sn phm


6.3 TM HIU V MODEL

Mt model trong ng dng ASP.NET MVC cha tt c cc nghip v lun l m

khng c trong controllers v views. Models cha tt c cc tng truy xut d liu

logic v tng nghip v logic. V d, nu s dng LINQ to SQL truy nhp d liu th

phi to LINQ to SQL class (tp tin nh dng dbml) trong th mc Models.

M hnh d liu LINQ ti SQL:

(a)

(b)

Hnh 6.4. M hnh d liu LINQ to SQL

V d: ta to lp tr gip cho vic thao tc vi d liu thng qua LINQ to SQL

M ngun tp tin DataClasses.cs:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace BanHang.Models { partial class DataClassesDataContext {


public List LayCacLoaiSanPham() { return LoaiSanPhams.ToList(); } public List LaySanPhamTuLoaiSanPham(int id) { return SanPhams.Where(l => l.LoaiSanPham == id).ToList(); } public SanPham LaySanPhamTuID(int id) { return SanPhams.Single(s => s.Id == id); } public void ThemMoiSanPham(SanPham sp) { SanPhams.InsertOnSubmit(sp); } }

}

Vi lp tr gip, ta c th thao tc d dng hn vi CSDL khi cn. V d vi lp

DataCleasses.cs, khi cn truy cp ly thng tin v sn phm c m ID, c th vit

nh sau trong bt k m ngun no ca View (v d view

DanhMcLoaiSanPham.aspx.cs trong folder View)


Hnh 6.5. Kt hp d liu vo trong Views\DanhMucLoaiSanPham.aspx.cs

Ta phi sa i li tp tin Views\DanhMucLoaiSanPham.aspx cho ph hp vi

m ngun trn:

y l danh mc loi sn phm


Views ch cha tt c nhng g hin th cho ngi dng trn trnh duyt,

Controllers ch cha cc logic m tr v view no cho ngi dng hoc hng t

hnh ng ny n hnh ng khc. Cn li tt c u c vit trong Models.

6.4 CU TRC VIEWS\SHARE\SITE.MASTER

M ngun tp tin SITE.MASTER:

My Sample MVC Application My Sample MVC Application Copyright 2008


Hnh 6.6. Kt qu chy ng dng hin th dnh mc sn phm

TM TT

Mt Model trong ng dng ASP.NET MVC cha tt c cc nghip v logic m khng

c trong controllers v views. Models cha tt c cc tng truy xut d liu logic v

tng nghip v logic. V d, nu s dng LINQ to SQL truy nhp d liu th phi

to LINQ to SQL class (tp tin nh dng dbml) trong folder Models.

View l mt trang aspx m khng c m ngun n (code behind):

Tt c cc trang HTMLc to ra v nh dang trang c th c th c thc

hin bn trong View.

View phi c to ng v tr ng dn

Ngi ta c th s dng m ngun chn trc tip (code inline) pht trin cc

trang ng


Mt yu cu t View c th ch c thc hin t phng thc ng ca

Controller

Controller chu trch nhim iu khin cc tng tc ca ngi dng bn trong ng

dng MVC. Controller s quyt nh ci g c tr v cho ngi dng khi ngi dng

to ra mt request trn trnh duyt.

BI TP

Thc hin m rng v d trong bi cho cc i tng thm nh

ChungLoaiSanPham, DonDatHang, PhieuNhapHang, HoaDonBanHang.

BI 7. Cp nht d liu vi MVC 77

BI 7. Cp nht d liu vi

MVC

Hc xong bi ny ngi hc s nm c cc ni dung sau.

Phng php thao tc d liu vi m hnh dbml.

Cch thc lin kt cc thnh phn d liu (model), v giao din (View) ti lp

iu khin (Controller).

Thc hin kim th ng dng vi ng dng test.

7.1 THM MI D LIU TRONG MVC

7.1.1 Thm cc phng thc d liu vi m hnh dbml

Vic thm mt phng thc trong Models\DataClasses.cs thc hin ghi nhn

thm mi vo c s d liu Models\DataClasses.cs.

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace BanHang.Models { partial class DataClassesDataContext { public List LayCacLoaiSanPham() { return LoaiSanPhams.ToList(); } public List LaySanPhamTuLoaiSanPham(int id) { return SanPhams.Where(l => l.LoaiSanPham == id).ToList(); }

78 BI 7. Cp nht d liu vi MVC

public SanPham LaySanPhamTuID(int id) { return SanPhams.Single(s => s.Id == id); } public void ThemMoiSanPham(SanPham sp) { SanPhams.InsertOnSubmit(sp); } } }

7.1.2 Cc hnh ng (action) ti cc b iu khin (controller)

Ta thit lp 2 phng thc thm mi d liu trong lp SanPhamController.cs l

ThemMoiSanPham v Create. Phng thc ThemMoiSanPham tr v mt Views cho

php ngi s dng nhp ni dung sn phm, cn phng thc Create s thc thi

cng vic thm mi sn phm khi ngi dng nhn nt gi i d liu.

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax; using BanHang.Models; namespace BanHang.Controllers { public class SanPhamController : Controller { DataClassesDataContext data = new DataClassesDataContext(); public ActionResult Index() { // Add action logic here ViewData[Title] = Sn phm; return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } public ActionResult DanhMucLoaiSanPham() { // Code cua ban o day ViewData[Title] = Danh mc loi san phm ; List lsp = data.LoaiSanPhams.ToList(); return View(DanhMucLoaiSanPham, lsp); }


public ActionResult DanhSachSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Danh sch sn phm trong loa san phm ; List sp = data.LaySanPhamTuLoaiSanPham(id); return View(DanhSachSanPham, sp); } public ActionResult ChiTietSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Chi tit sn phm; SanPham ctsp = data.LaySanPhamTuID(id); return View(ChiTietSanPham, ctsp); } public ActionResult ThemMoiSanPham() { ViewData[Title] = Thm mi sn phm; ViewData[lsp] = new SelectList(loaiSanpham, Id, TenLoaiSanPham); return View(ThemMoiSanPham, ViewData[lsp]); } public ActionResult Create(string TenSanPham, float DonGia, int SoLuong, int loaiSanPham) { SanPham sp = new SanPham(); sp.TenSanPham = TenSanPham; sp.DonGia = DonGia; sp.SoLuong = SoLuong; sp.LoaiSanPham = loaiSanPham; data.ThemMoiSanPham(sp); data.SubmitChanges(); return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } } }

Ta to Views cho php thm mi sn phm c m ngun trong tp tin

Views\SanPham\ThemMoiSanPham.aspx nh sau:.

Tn sn phm:


n gi: S lng: oi sn phm:

Ta c kt qu thc thi nh sau:

Hnh 7.1. Mn hnh thm mi sn phm trong MVC


Ta thit lp cc thuc tnh sau: nh du chn vo checkbox Created a strongly

typed view, chn thuc tnh ca View content l Edit, chn thuc tnh ca View data

class l BanHang.Models.SanPham ri n nt Add thm vo

Views\SanPham\CapNhatSanPham.aspx.

7.2 SA I D LIU TRONG MVC

Ta cn thay i danh sch hin th sn phm cho php cp nht d liu, nh

m ngun sau y:

y l danh sch sn phm c trong chuyn mc ()

Giao din hin th danh sch sn phm c thay i:


Hnh 7.2. Danh sch sn phm c thay i

Sau ta thm 2 phng thc CapNhatSanPham v Update trong lp

Controllers\SanPhamController.cs nh sau:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax; using BanHang.Models; namespace BanHang.Controllers { public class SanPhamController : Controller { DataClassesDataContext data = new DataClassesDataContext(); public ActionResult Index() { // Add action logic here ViewData[Title] = Sn phm; return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } public ActionResult DanhMucLoaiSanPham() { // Code cua ban o day


ViewData[Title] = Danh mc loi sn phm ; List lsp = data.LoaiSanPhams.ToList(); return View(DanhMucLoaiSanPham, lsp); } public ActionResult DanhSachSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Danh sch sn phm trong loi sn phm ; List sp = data.LaySanPhamTuLoaiSanPham(id); return View(DanhSachSanPham, sp); } public ActionResult ChiTietSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Chi tit sn phm; SanPham ctsp = data.LaySanPhamTuID(id); return View(ChiTietSanPham, ctsp); } public ActionResult ThemMoiSanPham() { ViewData[Title] = Thm mi sn phm; //List dulieu = data.LayCacLoaiSanPham(); //var loaiSanpham = from c in data.LoaiSanPhams select c; ViewData[lsp] = new SelectList(loaiSanpham, Id, TenLoaiSanPham); return View(ThemMoiSanPham, ViewData[lsp]); } public ActionResult Create(string TenSanPham, float DonGia, int SoLuong, int loaiSanPham) { SanPham sp = new SanPham(); sp.TenSanPham = TenSanPham; sp.DonGia = DonGia; sp.SoLuong = SoLuong; sp.LoaiSanPham = loaiSanPham; data.ThemMoiSanPham(sp); data.SubmitChanges(); return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } public ActionResult CapNhatSanPham(int id) { ViewData[Title] = Cp nh t sn phm; var spToEdit = (from sp in data.SanPhams where sp.Id = id select sp).First(); ViewData.Model = spToEdit;


return View(); } public ActionResult Update() { return RedirectToAction(DanhMucLoaiSanPham); } } }

Trong lp Controllers \SanPhamController.cs ta t con tr chut bn cnh

phng thc CapNhatSanPham, bm phi chut chon Add View.

Hnh 7.3. Thm mi view cho phng thc CapNhatSanPham


Hnh 7.4 To view CapNhatSanPham t controller CapNhatSanPham

Khi to xong, ta c kt qu Views\SanPham\CapNhatSanPham.aspx nh sau:


Hnh 7.5. M ngun ca tp tin CapNhatSanPham.aspx


7.3 QUY TRNH KIM TRA TRONG NG DNG MVC

Ta c 3 kiu kim tra mc m ngun (kim tra n v, unit test) trong ng dng

ASP.NET MVC c dng kim th cc controllers c xy dng: test view c

tr v t controller action, test d liu tr v t mt

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