Bharat Aur Samkaleen Vishva (3) - नात्सीवाद और हिटलर का उदय

8/13/2019 Bharat Aur Samkaleen Vishva (3) -

1/26ukRlhokn vkSj fgVyj dk mn;49

1945 osQ olar esagsyeqV uked 11 o"khZ; teZu yM+dk fcLrj esaysVsoqQN lksp jgk FkkA rHkh mlsviusekrk&firk dh nch&nch lh vkokksalqukbZnhaA gsyeqV dku yxk dj mudh ckrphr lquusdh dksf'k'k djusyxkA osxaHkhj Loj esafdlh eqsij cgl dj jgsFksA gsyeqV osQ firk ,dtkus&ekusfpfdRld FksA ml oDr osviuh iRuh ls bl ckjs esackr djjgsFks fd D;k mUgsa iwjsifjokj dks [kRe dj nsuk pkfg, ;k vosQysvkRegR;k dj ysuh pkfg,A mUgsaviuk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr fn[kkbZughansjgkFkkA os ?kcjkgV HkjsLoj esadgjgsFks] vcfe=k jk"VHkh gekjslkFk oSlkgh crkZo djsaxs tSlk geusvikfgtksavkSj ;gwfn;ksaosQ lkFk fd;k FkkAvxysfnu osgsyeqV dksysdjckx esa?kweusx,A ;g vkf[kjh ekSdk Fkktc gsyeqV viusfirk osQ lkFkckx esax;kA nksuksauscPpksaosQ iqjkusxhrxk, vkSj [kwc lkjk oDr [ksyrs&owQnrsfcrk;kA oqQN le; ckn gsyeqV osQfirk usviusn+rj esa[kqn dksxksyh ekj yhA gsyeqV dh ;knksaesaog {k.kvHkh Hkh fkank gStc mlosQ firk dh [kwu esa luh onhZdks?kj osQ vykoesagh tyk fn;k x;k FkkA gsyeqV ustksoqQN lquk Fkk vkSj tks oqQN gqvk]mllsmlosQ fnyksfnekx ij bruk xgjk lnek igqpk fd vxys ukSlkyrd og ?kj esa,d dkSj Hkh ugha[kk ik;kA mls;gh Mj lrkrk jgk fddghamldh ekmls Hkh kgju nsnsA

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ebZ1945 esateZuh usfe=k jk"VksaosQ lkeusleiZ.k dj fn;kA fgVyjdksvankkk gkspqdk Fkk fd vc mldh yM+kbZdk D;k gJ gksusokyk gSAblfy,] fgVyj vkSj mlosQ izpkj ea=kh X;kscYl uscfyZu osQ ,d cadjesaiwjsifjokj osQ lkFk vizSy esagh vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA ;q [kRe gksusosQ ckn U;wjsEcxZesa,d varjkZ"Vh; lSfud vnkyr LFkkfir dh xbZA blvnkyr dks'kkafr osQ fo# fd, x, vijkkksa] ekuork osQ f[kyki+Q fd,x, vijkkksavkSj ;q vijkkksa osQ fy, ukRlh ;qcafn;ksa ij eqdnek pykus

ukRlhokn vkSj fgVyj dk mn;

fp=k 1 & fgVyj (e;) vkSj X;kscYl (ck,)ljdkjh cSBd osQ ckn ckgj fudyrs gq,] 1932-

u, 'kCnfe=k jk"V % fe=k jk"Vksadk usr`Ro 'kq: esafczVsu vkSj i+zQakl osQ gkFkksaesaFkkA 1941esalksfo;r la?k vkSj vesfjdk Hkh blxBcaku esa'kkfey gksx,A mUgksauskqjh'kfDr;ksa;kuh teZuh] bVyh vkSj tkikudk fey dj lkeuk fd;kA

v;k; 3
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50 Hkkjr vkSj ledkyhu fo'o

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nwljsfo'o;q osQ lk, esateZuh ustulagkj 'kq: dj fn;k ftlosQ

rgr ;wjksi esa jgusokysoqQN [kkl uLy osQ yksxksadkslkewfgd :i lsekjktkusyxkA bl ;q esaekjsx, yksxksaesa60 yk[k ;gwnh] 2 yk[k ftIlhvkSj 10 yk[k iksySaM osQ ukxfjd FksA lkFk gh ekufld o 'kkjhfjd :i lsviax ?kksf"kr fd, x, 70]000 teZu ukxfjd Hkh ekj Mkys x,A buosQvykok u tkusfdrusgh jktuhfrd fojksfk;ksadksHkh ekSr dh uhan lqykfn;k x;kA bruh cM+h rknkn esayksxksadks ekjusosQ fy, vkS"kfoRl tSlsdRy[kkuscuk, x, tgkkgjhyh xSl lsgkkjksayksxksadks,d lkFk ekSrosQ ?kkV mrkj fn;k tkrk FkkA U;wjsEcxZvnkyr usosQoy 11 eq[; ukfRl;ksadksgh ekSr dh lkk nhA ckdh vkjksfi;ksaesalscgqrksadksmezdSn dh lkk

lqukbZxbZA lkk rksfeyh ysfdu ukfRl;ksadkstkslkk nh xbZog mudhccZjrk vkSj muosQ kqYeksaosQ eqdkcyscgqr NksVh FkhA vly esa] fe=k jk"Vijkftr teZuh ij blckj oSlk dBksj naM ughaFkksiuk pkgrsFksftl rjgdk naM igysfo'o;qosQ ckn teZuh ij Fkksik x;k FkkA

cgqr lkjsyksxksadk ekuuk Fkk fd igysfo'o;q osQ vkf[kj esateZuhosQ yksx ftl rjg osQ vuqHko lsxqkjsmlusHkh ukRlh teZuh osQ mn; esa;ksxnku fn;k FkkA

;g vuqHko D;k Fkk\

uk Rlh 'kCn te Zu Hk k" kk osQ 'kCn^ukfRl;ks.kky* osQ izkjafHkd v{kjksa dksysdj cuk;k x;k gSA ukfRl;ks.kky* 'kCnfgVyj dh ikVhZosQ uke dk igyk 'kCn

Fkk blfy, bl ikVhZosQ yksxksadks ukRlhdgk tkrk FkkA
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:l) osQ f[kyki+Q igyk fo'o;q (1914&1918) yM+k FkkA nqfu;k dhlHkh cM+h 'kfDr;k;g lksp dj bl ;q esaowQn iM+h Fkhafd mUgsatYnhgh fot; fey tk,xhA lHkh dksfdlh&u&fdlh i+Qk;nsdh mEehn FkhAmUgsa vankkk ughaFkk fd ;g ;q bruk yack f[kap tk,xk vkSj iwjs;wjksidksvkfFkZd n`f"V lsfupksM+dj j[k nsxkA iz+Qkal vkSj csfYt;e ij o+QCkkdjosQ teZuh us'kq#vkr esaliQyrk,gkfly dhaysfdu 1917 esatcvesfjdk Hkh fe=k jk"Vksaesa'kkfey gksx;k rksbl [+ksesdksdki+Qh rkdrfeyh vkSj vkf[kjdkj] uoacj 1918 esa mUgksausosaQnzh; 'kfDr;ksadksgjkusosQ ckn teZuh dksHkh ?kqVusVsdusij etcwj dj fn;kA

lkezkT;oknh teZuh dh ijkt; vkSj lezkV osQ inR;kx usogkdhlalnh; ikfVZ;ksadksteZu jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks,d u, lkpsesa


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1-1 ;q dk vlj

bl ;q usiwjsegk}hidkseuksoSKkfud vkSj vkfFkZd] nksuksagh Lrjksaij

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foksg dh ;kstukvksadksvatkensusyxhA cgqr lkjs'kgjksaesaeknwjksavkSjukfodksa dh lksfo;rsacukbZxbAcfyZu osQ jktuhfrd ekgkSy esalksfo;rfdLe dh 'kklu O;oLFkk dh fgek;r osQ ukjs xwt jgs FksA blhfy,lektokfn;ksa] MseksozSQV~l vkSj oSQFkfyd xqVksausokbej esabd_k gksdj blizdkj dh 'kklu O;oLFkk osQ fojksk esa,d yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT; dh LFkkiukdk i+SQlyk fy;kA vkSj vkf[kjdkj okbej x.kjkT; usiqjkuslSfudksaosQ iz+Qhdksj uked laxBu dh enn lsbl foksg dksoqQpy fn;kA bl iwjs?kVukeosQ ckn LikVZfdLVksausteZuh esadE;qfuLV ikVhZdh uhao MkyhA blosQ ckndE;qfuLV (lkE;oknh) vkSj lektoknh ,d&nwljsosQ d^j nq'eu gksx,vkSj fgVyj osQ f[kyki+Q dHkh Hkh lk>k ekspkZugha[kksy losQA kafrdkjh vkSjmxzjk"Voknh] nksuksagh [ksesjSfMdy lekkkuksaosQ fy, vkokksamBkusyxsA

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eqk Nkiuk 'kq: dj fn;kA teZu ljdkj us bruscM+siSekusij eqk Nkinh fd mldh eqk ekoZQ dk ewY; rskh ls fxjusyxkA vizSy esa,dvesfjdh MkWyj dh dher 24,000 ekoZQ osQ cjkcj Fkh tks tqykbZ esa3]53] 000 ekoZQ] vxLr esa 46]21]000 ekoZQ rFkk fnlacj esa9]88]60]000ekoZQ gksxbZA bl rjg ,d MkWyj esa[kjcksaekoZQ feyusyxsA tSls&tSlsekoZQ

dh dher fxjrh xbZ] k:jh phkksadh dhersavkleku NwusyxhaA js[kkfp=kksaesateZu ukxfjdksadksikojksVh [kjhnusosQ fy, cSyxkM+h esauksV Hkjdj ystkrsgq,fn[kk;k tkusyxkA teZu lekt nqfu;k Hkj esagennhZdk ik=k cu dj jg x;kAbl ladV dksckn esavfr&eqkLiQhfr dk uke fn;k x;kA tc dhersacsfglkcc



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gkstkuslsNksVs&eksVsO;olk;h] Lojkskxkj esayxsyksx vkSj [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksadh gkyr Hkh [kjkc gksrh tk jgh FkhA lekt osQ bu rcdksadksloZgkjkdj.kdk Hk; lrk jgk FkkA mUgsaMj Fkk fd vxj ;gh


8/26


vFkZO;oLFkk] jktuhfr vkSj lekt esaxgjkrstk jgsbl ladV usfgVyj osQlkk esaigqpusdk jkLrk lki+Q dj fn;kA 1889 esavkWfLV;k esatUesfgVyjdh ;qokoLFkk csgn xjhch esaxqkjh FkhA jkskh&jksVh dk dksbZkfj;k u gksusosQdkj.k igysfo'o;q dh 'kq#vkr esamlusHkh viuk uke i+QkSth HkrhZosQfy, fy[kok fn;k FkkA HkrhZosQ ckn mlusvfxze ekspsZij lans'kokgd dkdke fd;k] dkWiksZjy cuk vkSj cgknqjh osQ fy, mlusoqQN rexsHkh gkflyfd,A teZu lsuk dh ijkt; usrksmlsfgyk fn;k Fkk] ysfdu olkZ; dh lafkusrksmlsvkx&ccwyk gh dj fn;kA 1919 esamlusteZu odZlZikVhZuked,d NksVs&lslewg dhlnL;rk ysyhA khjs&khjsmlusbl laxBu ij viukfu;a=k.k dk;e dj fy;k vkSj mlsuS'kuy lks'kfyLV ikVhZdk u;k ukefn;kA blh ikVhZdksckn esaukRlh ikVhZosQ uke lstkuk x;kA

1923 esa gh fgVyj uscosfj;k ij dCkk djus] cfyZu ij p



fy, gq, pqukoksaesaegk 2-6 i+Qhlnh oksV feysFksA 1932 rd vkrs&vkrs;g ns'k dh lclscM+h ikVhZcu pqdh Fkh vkSj mls37 i+Qhlnh oksV feysAfgVyj kcnZLr oDrk FkkAmldk tks'k vkSj mlosQ 'kCn yksxksadks

fgykdj j[k nsrs FksA og viusHkk"k.kksaesa,d 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vdh LFkkiuk]olkZ; lafk esagqbZukbalki+Qh osQ izfr'kksk vkSj teZu lekt dks[kksbZgqbZizfr"Bk okil fnykusdk vk'oklu nsrk FkkA mldk oknk Fkk fd ogcsjkskxkjksa dks jkskxkj vkSj ukStokuksadks,d lqjf{kr Hkfo"; nsxkA mlusvk'oklu fn;k fd og ns'k dksfons'kh izHkko lseqDr djk,xk vkSj rekefons'kh ^lkfk'kksa* dk eqgrksM+tokc nsxkA

fgVyj us jktuhfr dh ,d ubZ'kSyh jph FkhA og yksxksadksxksycandjusosQ fy, vkMacj vkSj izn'kZu dh vgfe;r le>rk FkkA fgVyj osQizfr Hkkjh leFkZu n'kkZusvkSj yksxksaesaijLij ,drk dk Hkko iSnk djusosQfy, ukfRl;ksauscM+h&cM+h jSfy;kvkSj tulHkk,vk;ksftr dhaA LofLrd

fp=k 9 & fgVyj }kjk ,l, vkSj ,l,l drkjksaosQ lkeusHkk"k.k-;gk yach vkSj lh/h drkjksa dksnsf[k,A bl rjg osQ fp=kksa osQek;e ls ukRlh lkk dh HkO;rk vkSj rkdr dks n'kkZusdh dksf'k'kdh tkrh FkhA

fp=k 8 & U;wjsEcxZ jSyh] 1936-bl rjg dh jSfy;k gj lky vk;ksftr dh tkrh FkhaA ukRlh lkkdk izn'kZu bu jSfy;ksa dk ,d egoiw.kZ vk;ke gksrk FkkA fofHkUulaxBu fgVyj osQ lkeus ls ijsM djrsgq, fudyrsFks] mlosQizfr fu"Bk dh 'kiFk ysrsFks vkSj mlosQ Hkk"k.k lqursFksA
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10/26


Nisyky >aMs] ukRlh lSY;wV vkSj Hkk"k.kksaosQ ckn [kkl vankk esarkfy;ksadh xM+xM+kgV;slkjh phksa'kfDr izn'kZu dk fgLlk FkhaA

ukfRl;ksausviuskwvkkkj izpkj osQ kfj, fgVyj dks,d elhgk] ,dj{kd] ,d ,slsO;fDr osQ :i esais'k fd;k] ftlusekuksturk dksrckghlsmckjusosQ fy, gh vorkj fy;k FkkA ,d ,slslekt dks;g Nfo csgn

vkd"kZd fn[kkbZnsrh Fkh ftldh izfr"Bk vkSj xoZdk vglkl pdukpwj gkspqdk Fkk vkSj tks,d Hkh"k.k vkfFkZd ,oajktuhfrd ladV lsxqkj jgk FkkA

2-1 yksdra=k dk oal

30 tuojh 1933 dksjk"Vifr fgaMucxZusfgVyj dkspkalyj dk in&HkkjlaHkkyusdk U;kSrk fn;kA;g eaf=keaMy esalcls'kfDr'kkyh in FkkA rc rdukRlh ikVhZ:f



tk ldrk FkkA ;su, nLrs fdlh dksHkh ;kruk x`gksaesaHkst ldrsFks] fdlhdks Hkh fcuk dkuwuh dkjZokbZ osQ ns'k fudkyk fn;k tk ldrk Fkk ;kfxj+rkj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA naM dh vk'kadk lseqDr iqfyl cyksausfujaoqQ'k vkSj fujis{k 'kklu dk vfkdkj izkIr dj fy;k FkkA

2-2 iqufuZekZ.kfgVyj usvFkZO;oLFkk dksiVjh ij ykusdh fkEesnkjh vFkZ'kkL=kh kyekj'kk[+r dkslkSaihA 'kk[+r uslclsigysljdkjh iSlslspyk, tkusokysjkskxkj laokZu dk;Ze osQ kfj, lkSi+Qhlnh mRiknu vkSj lkSi+Qhlnh jkskxkjmiyCk djkusdk y{; r; fd;kA e'kgwj teZu lqij gkbosvkSj turk dhdkj&i+QkWDloSxu&bl ifj;kstuk dh nsu FkhA

fons'k uhfr osQ ekspsZij HkhfgVyj dksi+QkSju dke;kfc;kfeyhaA 1933esamlus^yhx vkWi+Q us'kal* lsiYyk >kM+fy;kA 1936 esajkbZuySaM ijnksckjk o+QCkk fd;k vkSj ,d tu] ,d lkezkT;] ,d usrkosQ ukjsdh vkM+esa1938 esavkWfLV;k dksteZuh esafeyk fy;kA blosQ ckn mluspsdksLyksokfd;kosQ o+QCks okysteZuHkk"kh lqMsaVuySaM izkar ij dCkk fd;k vkSj fiQj iwjspsdksLyksokfd;k dks gM+i fy;kA bl nkSjku mls baXySaM dk Hkh [kkeks'kleFkZu fey jgk Fkk D;ksafd baXySaM dh ukj esaolkZ; dh lafk osQ uke ijteZuh osQ lkFk cM+h ukbalki+Qh gqbZFkhA ?kjsywvkSj fons'kh ekspsZij tYnh&tYnhfeyh bu dke;kfc;ksals,slk yxk fd ns'k dh fu;fr vc iyVusokyh gSA

fp=k 10 & iksLVj ls ?kks"k.kk % ^vkidh I+kQkWDlokxu*-bu iksLVjksaosQ kfj, ;g ,glkl djkus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh Fkhfd vc vke eknwj Hkh dkj [kjhn ldrk gSA

fp=k 11 &ukRlh lkk dk foLrkj % ;wjksi 1942-

vVykafVd lkxj

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o`gkj teZuh/qjh 'kfDr;ksadksenn nsus okysns'kteZu dCksokysbykosQbVyh vkSj mldk bykdk

rVLFk ns'k
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12/26


ysfdu fgVyj ;ghaugha#dkA 'kk[+r usfgVyj dkslykg nh Fkh fdlsuk vkSj gfFk;kjksaij T+;knk iSlk [kpZu fd;k tk, D;ksafd ljdkjh ctVvHkh Hkh ?kkVsesagh py jgk FkkA ysfdu ukRlh teZuh esa,gfr;kr ilan yksxksaosQ fy, dksbZtxg ughaFkhA 'kk[+r dksmuosQ in lsgVk fn;k x;kA fgVyjusvkfFkZd ladV ls fudyusosQ fy, ;q dk fodYi pqukA og jk"Vh;

lhekvksadk foLrkj djrsgq, T+;knk lsT+;knk lalkku bd_k djuk pkgrk FkkAblh y{; dks;ku esaj[krsgq, flracj 1939 esamlusiksySaM ij geykdj fn;kA bldh otg ls iz+Qkal vkSj baXySaM osQ lkFk Hkh mldk ;q 'kq:gksx;kA flracj 1940 esateZuh usbVyh vkSj tkiku osQ lkFk ,d f=ki{kh;lafk ij gLrk{kj fd,A bl lafk lsvarjkZ"Vh; leqnk; esafgVyj dk nkokvkSj ekcwr gksx;kA ;wjksi osQ T+;knkrj ns'kksaesaukRlh teZuh dk leFkZu djusokyh dBiqryh ljdkjsafcBk nh xbA 1940 osQ var esafgVyj viuh rkdrosQ f'k[kj ij FkkA

vc fgVyj usviuk lkjk ;ku iwohZ;wjksi dksthrusosQ nh?kZdkfyd lius

ij osQafr dj fn;kA og teZu turk osQ fy, lalk/u vkSj jgusdh txg(Living Space) dk barkke djuk pkgrk FkkA twu 1941 esamluslksfo;r la?kij geyk fd;kA ;g fgVyj dh ,d ,sfrgkfld csoowQi+Qh FkhA bl vke.klsteZu if'peh ekspkZfczfV'k ok;qlSfudksaosQ ceckjh dh pisV esavk x;ktcfd iwohZekspsZij lksfo;r lsuk,teZuksadksukdksapuspcok jgh FkhaA lksfo;ryky lsuk usLrkfyuxzknesateZu lsuk dks?kqVusVsdusij etcwj dj fn;kAlksfo;r yky lSfudksausihNsgVrsteZu flikfg;ksadk vkf[kj rd ihNk fd;kvkSj var esaoscfyZu osQchpksachp tk igqpsA bl ?kVuke usvxyh vkkh lnhosQ fy, lewpsiwohZ;wjksi ij lksfo;r opZLo LFkkfir dj fn;kA

vesfjdk bl ;qesaiQluslsyxkrkj cprk jgkA vesfjdk igysfo'o;q dh otg lsiSnk gqbZvkfFkZd leL;kvksa dksnksckjk ugha>syukpkgrk FkkA ysfdu ogyacs le; rd ;q lsnwj Hkh ughajg ldrk FkkAiwjc esatkiku dh rkdr iQSyrh tk jgh FkhA mlusiz+saQp&baMks&pkbuk ijdCkk dj fy;k Fkk vkSj iz'kkar egklkxj esavesfjdh ukSlSfud fBdkuksaijgeysdh iwjh ;kstuk cuk yh FkhA tc tkiku usfgVyj dksleFkZu fn;kvkSj iyZgkcZj ij vesfjdh fBdkuksadksceckjh dk fu'kkuk cuk;k rksvesfjdk Hkh nwljsfo'o;q esaowQn iM+kA ;g ;q ebZ1945 esafgVyj dh ijkt; vkSj tkiku osQ fgjksf'kek 'kgj ij

vesfjdh ijek.kq ce fxjkusosQ lkFk [kRe gqvkAnwljsfo'o;q osQ bl laf{kIr C;kSjsosQ ckn vc

ge ,d ckj fiQj gsyeqV vkSj mlosQ firk dh dgkuh ijokil ykSVrs gSaA ;g ;q osQ nkSjku ukRlh kqYeksa dhdgkuh gSA

fp=k 12 & Hkkjrh; lekpkji=kksa esa teZuh osQ gkykr ij ukj-
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f;kdyki

ukfRl;ksaustksvijkk fd, os[kkl rjg dh ewY;&ekU;rkvkas] ,d [kklrjg osQ O;ogkj lslacafkr FksA

ukRlh fopkjkkjk fgVyj osQ fo'o nf"Vdks.k dk i;kZ;okph FkhA blfo'o n`f"Vdks.k esalHkh lektksadkscjkcjh dk gd ughaFkk] os uLyh vkkkjij ;k rkscsgrj Fks ;k derj FksA bl ukfj;sesaCykWUM] uhyh vk[kksaokys]ukWMd teZuvk;Zlclsijh vkSj ;gwnh lclsfupyh ik;nku ij vkrsFksA ;gwfn;ksadksuLy fojkskh] ;kuh vk;ksdk d^j 'k=kqekuk tkrk FkkA ckdhreke lektksadksmuosQ ckgjh jax&:i osQ fglkc lsteZu vk;ksvkSj ;gwfn;ksaosQ chp esaj[kk x;k FkkA fgVyj dh uLyh lksp pkYlZMkfoZu vkSj gcZVZLisalj tSlsfopkjdksaosQ flkarksaij vkkkfjr FkhA MkfoZu izfr foKkuh FksftUgksausfodkl vkSj izkfrd p;u dh vokkj.kk osQ kfj, ikSkksavkSj i'kqvksadh mRifk dh O;k[;k dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA ckn esagcZVZLisalj us^vfrthfork dk flkar* (ljokboyvkWi+Q n fi+QVsLV)& tkslcls;ksX; gS] oghfkank cpsxk;g fopkj fn;kA bl fopkj dk eryc ;g Fkk fd tksiztkfr;kcnyrh gqbZokrkoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ksaosQ vuqlkj [kqn dks


14/26


lkezkT; esaekStwn mu lektksa;k uLyksa dks[kRe djuk 'kq: fd;k ftUgsa os^vokafNr* ekursFksA ukRlh ^'kq vkSj LoLFk ukWMd vk;ks* dk lektcukuk pkgrsFksA mudh ukj esaosQoy ,slsyksx gh ^okafNr* FksA osQoy ;sgh yksx FksftUgsarjDdh vkSj oa'k&foLrkj osQ ;ksX; ekuk tk ldrk FkkAckdh lc ^vokafNr* FksA bldk eryc ;g fudyk fd ,slsteZuksadksHkh

fkank jgusdk dksbZgd ughagSftUgsaukRlh v'kq ;k vlkekU; ekursFksA;wFkusfk;k (n;k eR;q) dk;Ze osQ rgr ckdh ukRlh vi+Qljksa osQlkFk&lkFk gsyeqV osQ firk usHkh vla[; ,slsteZuksadksekSr osQ ?kkV mrkjkFkk ftUgsaog ekufld ;k 'kkjhfjd :i lsv;ksX; ekursFksA

osQoy ;gwnh gh ughaFksftUgsa vokafNrksa* dh Js.kh esaj[kk x;k FkkA buosQvykok Hkh dbZuLysaFkhatksblh fu;fr osQ fy, vfHk'kIr FkhaA teZuh esajgusokysftfIl;ksavkSj v'osrksadh igysrksteZu ukxfjdrk Nhu yh xbZvkSjckn esamUgsaekj fn;kx;kA :lh vkSj iksfy'k ewy osQ yksxksadksHkh euq";lsderj ekuk x;kA tc teZuh usiksySaM vkSj :l osQ oqQN fgLlksaij dCkkdj fy;k rksLFkkuh; yksxksadksHk;kud ifjfLFkfr;ksaesaxqykeksadh rjg dkeij >ksad fn;k x;kA mUgsabalkuh crkZo osQ yk;d ughaekuk tkrk FkkA muesalscgqr lkjscsfglkcdke osQ cks> vkSj Hkw[k lsgh ej x,A

ukRlh teZuh esalclscqjk gky ;gwfn;ksadk gqvkA ;gwfn;ksaosQ izfr ukfRl;ksadh nq'euh dk ,d vkkkj ;gwfn;ksaosQ izfr bZlkbZkeZesaekStwn ijaijkxr ?k`.kkHkh FkhA bZlkb;ksadk vkjksi Fkk fd bZlk elhg dks;gwfn;ksausgh ekjk FkkA bZlkb;ksadh ukj esa;gwnh vknru gR;kjsvkSjlwn[kksj FksA e;dky rd ;gwfn;ksadkskehu dk ekfyd cuusdh eukgh FkhA ;syksx eq[; :i lsO;kikj vkSj ku

mkkj nsusdk kakk djosQ viuk xqkkjk pykrsFksA osckdh lekt lsvyxcfLr;ksa esa jgrs Fks ftUgsa?ksVks (Ghettoes);kuh nM+ck dgk tkrk FkkAuLy&lagkj osQ kfj, bZlkbZ ckj&ckj mudk li+Qk;k djrs jgrs FksA muosQf[kyki+Q tc&rc laxfBr fgalk dh tkrh Fkh vkSj mUgsamudh cfLr;ksals[knsM+fn;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu bZlkb;r usmUgsacpusdk ,d jkLrk fiQj Hkh fn;k gqvkFkkA ;g keZifjorZu dkjkLrk FkkA vkkqfud dky esacgqr lkjs;gwfn;ksausbZlkbZkeZviuk fy;k vkSj tkurs&cw>rs gq, teZu laLfr esa



f;kdyki

vxysnksiUuksa dksnsf[k, vkSj buosQ ckjsesala{ksiesa fyf[k, % vkiosQ fy, ukxfjdrk dk D;k eryc gS\

v;k; 1 ,oa3 dksns[ksa vkSj 200 'kCnksa esacrk, fd iz+Qkalhlh kafr vkSj ukRlhokn usukxfjdrk dksfdl rjg ifjHkkf"kr fd;k\

ukRlh teZuh esa ^vokafNrksa* osQ fy, U;wjsEcxZdkuwuksadk D;k eryc Fkk\ mUgsa bl ckr dkvglkl djkusosQ fy, fd og vokafNr* gSavU; dkSu&dkSu lsdkuwuh dne mBk, x,\

fp=k 14 & ;gwfn;ksa dks xSl psacjksa rd ys tkus okyh ,d ekyokgd xkM+h -

3-2 uLyh dYiukyksd (;wVksfi;k);q osQ lk, esaukRlh viusdkfrykuk] uLyoknh dYiukyksd ;k vkn'kZfo'o osQ fuekZ.k esayx x,A tulagkj vkSj ;q ,d gh flDosQ osQ nksigywcu x,A ijkftr iksySaM dksiwjh rjg rgl&ugl dj fn;k x;kAmkj&if'peh iksySaM dk T+;knkrj fgLlk teZuh esafeyk fy;k x;kA iksySaM

osQ yksxksadksvius?kj vkSj eky&vlckc NksM+dj HkkxusosQ fy, etcwjfd;k x;k rkfd teZuh osQ dCks okys ;wjksi esajgusokysteZuksadksogkykdj clk;k tk losQA blosQ ckn iksySaMokfl;ksadks eosf'k;ksadh rjg[knsM+dj tujy xouZesaV uked nwljsfgLlsesa igqpk fn;k x;kA teZulkezkT; esaekStwn reke vokafNr roksadks tujy xouZesaV uked blhbykosQ esaykdj j[kk tkrk FkkA iksySaM osQ cqfthfo;ksadkscM+siSekusijekSr osQ ?kkV mrkjk x;kA ;g iwjs iksySaM osQ lekt dks ckSfd vkSjvk;kfRed Lrj ij xqyke cuk ysusdh pky FkhA vk;ZtSlsyxusokysiksySaM osQ cPpksadksmuosQ ek&cki lsNhu dj tkp osQ fy, ^uLy

fo'ks"kKksa* osQ ikl igqpk fn;k x;kA vxj osuLyh tkp esadke;kc gkstkrsrksmUgsateZu ifjokjksaesaikyktkrk vkSj vxj ,slk ughagksrk rksmUgsavukFkkJeksaesaMky fn;k tkrktgk muesa ls;knkrj ej tkrsFksA tujyxouZesaV esa oqQN fo'kkyre ?ksVksvkSj xSl psacj Hkh Fksblfy, ;gk;gwfn;ksadkscM+siSekusij ekjk tkrk FkkA
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16/26


ekSr dk flyflyk

nwljk pj.k %nM+ckcanh (Ghettoisation)%1940&44rqEgsa gekjschp jgusdk dksbZgd ughaAflracj 1941 lslHkh ;gwfn;ksadksgqDe fn;k x;k fd og MsfoM dk ihyk flrkjk viuh Nkrh ij yxk dj j[ksaxsA muosQ ikliksVZ] reke dkuwuh nLrkostvkSj ?kjksaosQ ckgj Hkh ;g igpku fp Nki fn;k x;kA teZuh esamUgsa;gwnh edkuksaesavkSj iwohZ{ks=k osQ yksn~k ,oaokWjlk tSlh ?ksVkscfLr;ksaesad"Viw.vkSj nfjrk dh fLFkfr esa j[kk tkrk FkkA ;s csgn fiNM+svkSj fukZu bykosQ FksA ?ksVksesankf[ky gksuslsigys;gwfn;ksadksviuh lkjh laifk NksM+nsosQ fy, etcwj fd;k x;kA oqQN gh le; esa ?ksVkscfLr;ksa esaoapuk] Hkq[kejh] xanxh vkSj chekfj;ksa dk lkezkT; O;kIr gksx;kA

fp=k 15 &bl laosQriesa ,yku fd;k tkjgk gSfd mkjh leqnz Luku {ks=k ;gwfn;ksa lseqDr gS-

fp=k 16 &ikoZQ esaj[khcsap %osQoy vk;ks osQ fy,-

fp=k 17 & esjs ikl cspus osQ fy, cl ;gh gS-?ksVks osQ yksxksa osQ ikl thusdk dksbZ jkLrk ugha cpk FkkA

igyk pj.k %cfg"dkj % 1933&39

gekjs chp rqEgsaukxfjdksadh rjg jgusdk dksbZgd ughaAU;wjsEcxZukxfjdrk vfkdkj] flracj 1935 %1-teZu ;k mlls lacafkr jDr okys O;fDr gh teZu ukxfjd gksaxsvkSj mUgsateZulkezkT; dk laj{k.k feysxkA2- ;gwfn;ksavkSj teZuksa osQ chp fookg ij ikcanhA3- ;gwfn;ksa vkSj teZuksaosQ chp fookgsrj lacakksadks vijkk ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA4- ;gwfn;ksa }kjk jk"Vh; ot iQgjkusij ikcanh yxk nh xbZA

vU; dkuwuh mik; %;gwnh O;olk;ksa dk cfg"dkjA

ljdkjh lsokvksalsfudkyk tkukA;gwfn;ksa dh laifk dhkCrh vkSj fchA

blosQ vykok uoacj 1938 osQ ,d tulagkj esa ;gwfn;ksa dh laifk;ksa dksrgl&ugl fd;k x;k]ywVk x;k] muosQ ?kjksaij geysgq,];gwnh izkFkZuk?kj(Synagogues)tyk fn, x, vkSj mUgsafxj+rkj fd;k x;kA bl ?kVuk dks ukbVvkWi+Q czksdu Xykl* osQ uke ls;kn fd;k tkrk gSA
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lewps;wjksi osQ ;gwnh edkuksa] ;krukx`gksa vkSj ?ksVks cfLr;ksa esa jgusokys ;gwfn;ksadks ekyxkfM+;ksaesaHkj&Hkj dj ekSr osQ dkj[kkuksa esayk;k tkus yxkAiksySaM rFkk vU; iwohZbykdksa esa] eq[; :i lscsyksd] vkS"kfoRl] lkschcksj] =kscfyadk] psYEuks] rFkk ek;nkusd esa mUgsa xSlpsacjksaesa>ksad fn;k x;kAvkS|ksfxd vkSj oSKkfud rduhdksaosQ lgkjscgqr lkjsyksxksadksiyd >idrs ekSr osQ ?kkV mrkj fn;k x;kA

fp=k 18 & Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k esa ekSrA ;kruk x`g osQ pkjksa rjiQ yxhrkjksa esa djaV nkSM+rk jgrk Fkk-

fp=k 19 & xSl psacj osQ ckgj diM+ksa osQ


18/26


f;kdyki

;qokvksaesafgVyj dh fnypLih tquwu dh gn rd igqp pqdh FkhA mldkekuuk Fkk fd ,d 'kfDr'kkyh ukRlh lekt dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, cPpksa dks

ukRlh fopkjkkjk dh ?kq^h fiykuk cgqr k:jh gSA blosQ fy, LowQy osQHkhrj vkSj ckgj] nksuksatxg cPpksaij iwjk fu;a=k.k vko';d FkkA

ukRlhokn osQ nkSjku LowQyksaesa D;k gksjgk Fkk\ reke LowQyksaesalI+kQk,vkSj 'kqhdj.k dh eqfge pykbZ xbZA ;gwnh ;k ^jktuhfrd :i lsvfo'oluh;* fn[kkbZnsusokys f'k{kdksadksigysukSdjh ls gVk;k x;k vkSjckn esaekSr osQ ?kkV mrkj fn;k x;kA cPpksa dksvyx&vyx fcBk;k tkusyxkA teZu vkSj ;gwnh cPps ,d lkFk u rks cSB ldrs Fks vkSj u[ksy&owQn ldrs FksA ckn esa^vokafNr cPpksa* dks ;kuh ;gwfn;ksa] ftfIl;ksaosQ cPpksavkSj fodykaxcPpksadksLowQyksalsfudky fn;k x;kA pkyhl osQn'kd esarks mUgsaHkhxSl psacjksaesa >ksad fn;k x;kA

^vPNsteZu* cPpksadks ukRlh f'k{kk izf;k lsxqkjuk iM+rk FkkA ;gfopkjkkjkRed izf'k{k.kdh ,d yach izf;k FkhA LowQyh ikB~;iqLrdksadksu, fljslsfy[kk x;kA uLy osQ ckjsesaizpkfjr ukRlh fopkjksadkslghBgjkusosQ fy, uLy foKku osQ uke ls,d u;k fo"k; ikB~;e esa'kkfey fd;k x;kA vkSjrksvkSj] xf.kr dh d{kkvksa esaHkh ;gwfn;ksadh ,d[kkl Nfo x



ukRlh ;wFk yhx dk xBu 1922 esagqvk FkkA pkj lky ckn mlsfgVyj ;wFk dk u;k uke fn;k x;kA 1933 rd vkrs&vkrsbl laxBu esa12-5 yk[k lsT+;knk cPpsFksA ;qok vkanksyu dksukRlhokn osQ rgr ,dtqVdjusosQ fy, ckdh lHkh ;qok laxBuksa dksigysHkax dj fn;k x;k vkSjckn esamu ij izfrcak yxk fn;k x;kA

4-1 ekr`Ro dh ukRlh lksp

ukRlh teZuh esa izR;sd cPpsdksckj&ckj ;g crk;k tkrk Fkk fd vkSjrsacqfu;knh rkSj ij enks ls fHkUu gksrh gSaA mUgsa le>k;k tkrk Fkk fd

ksr ?k

teZu yscj ia+ zQV osQ izeq[k jkWcVZysusdgk Fkk %ge rHkh lsdke 'kq: dj nsrs gSatc cPpk rhu lky dk gksrk gSA tSls gh ogkjk&lk Hkh lkspus yxrk gS mls ygjkus osQ fy, ,d NksVk&lk >aMk Fkek fn;k tkrkgSA blosQ ckn LowQy] fgVyj ;wFk vkSj lSfud lsok dk uacj vkrk gSA ysfdu ;g lcoqQN iwjk gkstkusosQ ckn Hkh ge fdlh dksNksM+rsughagSaA yscj iz+QaV mUgsaviuh fxj+r

esays ysrk gSA pkgsmUgsavPNk yxs;k cqjk] dcz rd ;g mudk ihNk ugha NksM+rkA*

ksr x

Ng ls nl lky rd dh mezosQ lHkh yM+dksa dks ukRlh fopkjkkjk dk 'kq#vkrhizf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk FkkA izf'k{k.k iwjk gksusij mUgsafgVyj osQ izfr fu"Bk dh ;g 'kiFkysuh iM+rh Fkh %^gekjs + ;wg~jj dk izfrfufkRo djusokysbl jDrot dh mifLFkfr esaeSa'kiFk ysrk

gwfd esjh lkjh tkZvkSj esjh lkjh 'kfDr gekjsns'k osQ j{kd ,MkWYi+Q fgVyj dkslefiZrgSA eSamuosQ fy, viuk thou nsusdksbPNqd vkSj rS;kj gwA bZ'oj esjh enn djsA*

MCY;w- 'kkbjj] n jkbk ,aM i+QkWy vkWi+Q n FkMZ jkb[klsm`rA

fp=k 25 & ^okafNr* cPps ftudh la[;kfgVyj c


20/26


vkSjr&enZosQ fy, leku vfkdkjksa dk la?k"kZxyr gSA ;g lekt dks u"Vdj nsxkA blh vkkkj ij yM+dksadksvkked] enkZuk vkSj iRFkjfny gksukfl[kk;k tkrk Fkk tcfd yM+fd;ksadks;g dgk tkrk Fkk fd mudk i+QkZ,d vPNh ekcuuk vkSj 'kq vk;ZjDr okys cPpksadkstUe nsuk vkSjmudk ikyu&iks"k.k djuk gSA uLy dh 'kqrk cuk, j[kus] ;gwfn;ksalsnwj

jgus] ?kj laHkkyusvkSj cPpksa dksukRlh ewY;&ekU;rkvksadh f'k{kk nsusdknkf;Ro mUgsagh lkSaik x;k FkkA vk;ZlaLfr vkSj uLy dh otokgdogh FkhaA

1933 esafgVyj usdgk Fkk % êsjsjkT; dh lclsegoiw.kZukxfjdek gSA* ysfdu ukRlh teZuh esalkjh ekrkvksa osQ lkFk Hkh ,d tSlk crkZoughagksrk FkkA tksvkSjrsauLyh rkSj ij vokafNr cPpksadkstUe nsrh FkhamUgsanafMr fd;k tkrkFkk tcfd uLyh rkSj ij okafNr fn[kusokyscPpksadkstUe nsus okyh ekrkvksadks buke fn, tkrs FksA ,slh ekrkvksa dksvLirky esafo'ks"k lqfokk,nh tkrh Fkha] nqdkuksaesamUgsaT+;knk NwV feyrh

Fkh vkSj fFk;sVj o jsyxkM+h osQ fVdV mUgsalLrsesafeyrsFksA fgVyj us[kwc lkjscPpksa dkstUe nsusokyh ekrkvksaosQ fy, oSls gh rexsnsusdkbarkke fd;k Fkk ftlrjg osQ rexsflikfg;ksadksfn, tkrsFksA pkj cPpsiSnk djusokyh ekdksdklsdk] N% cPpsiSnk djusokyh ekdkspknhdk vkSj vkB ;k mllsT+;knk cPpsiSnk djusokyh ekdkslksusdk rexkfn;k tkrk FkkA

fukkZfjr vkpkj lafgrk dk mYya?ku djus okyh ^vk;Z* vkSjrksa dhlkoZtfud :i lsfuankdh tkrh Fkh vkSj mUgsadM+k naM fn;k tkrk FkkA cgqrlkjh vkSjrksadksxatk djosQ] eqg ij dkfy[k iksr dj vkSj muosQ xysesar[rh

yVdk dj iwjs'kgj esa?kqek;k tkrk FkkA muosQ xysesayVdh r[rh ij fy[kkgksrk Fkk êSausjk"VosQlEeku dksefyu fd;k gSA* bl vkijkfkd oQR; osQfy, cgqr lkjh vkSjrksadksu osQoy tsy dh lkk nh xbZcfYd mulsrekeukxfjd lEeku vkSj muosQ ifr o ifjokj Hkh Nhu fy, x,A

4-2 izpkj dh dykukRlh 'kklu usHkk"kk vkSj ehfM;k dk cM+h gksf'k;kjh lsbLrseky fd;kvkSj mldk kcnZLr i+Qk;nk mBk;kA mUgksausvius rkSj&rjhdksadks c;kudjusosQ fy, tks'kCn bZtkn fd, Fksosu osQoy Hkzked cfYd fnyngyk nsusokys'kCn FksA ukfRl;ksausviusvfkr nLrkoskksaesa^gR;k* ;kêkSr* tSls'kCnksadk dHkh bLrseky ughafd;kA lkewfgd gR;kvksadksfo'ks"kO;ogkj] vafre lekkku (;gwfn;ksaosQ lanHkZesa)] ;wFkusfk;k(fodykaxksaosQfy,)] p;u vkSj lae.k&eqfDr vkfn 'kCnksa lsO;Dr fd;k tkrk FkkA^boSD;q,'ku* ([kkyh djkuk) dk vk'k; Fkk yksxksadksxSl psacjksaesaystkukA D;k vkidksekywe gSfd xSl psacjksadksD;k dgk tkrk Fkk\ mUgsa^lae.k eqfDr&{ks=k* dgk tkrk FkkA xSl psacj Luku?kj tSlsfn[kkbZnsrsFksvkSj muesaudyh i+QOokjsHkh yxsgksrs FksA

U;wjsEcxZikVhZjSyh esa vkSjrksadkslacksfkr djrs g8 flracj 1934 dksfgVyj us dgk Fkk %ge bl ckr dksvPNk ughaekurs fd vkSjrsa enZnqfu;k esa] mlosQ eq[; nk;js esa n[ky nsaA gekjh ukj;g oqQnjrh ckr gS fd ;s nksuksa nqfu;k ,d&nwljs vyx&vyx gSa---A ftl rjg enZ viuslkgl osQ :esa;q osQ ekspsZij viuk loZLo U;kSNkoj dj nsrmlh rjg vkSjrsa vius vuar vkRecfynku] vuar ihvkSj nnZosQ :i esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrh gSaA gj cPpk vkSjr lalkj esa ykrh gS og mlosQ fy, ,d ;q gh viuslekt dks fkank j[kus osQ fy, vkSjr }kjk Nx;k ;qA

ksr p

ksr N

U;wjsEcxZikVhZ jSyh esa8 flracj 1934 dksgh

fgVyj us ;g Hkh dgk Fkk %^vkSjr fdlh leqnk; osQ laj{k.k esa lclsfLFkjro gS---A mlsbl ckr dk lclsvPNh rjg irkgksrk gSfd viuh uLy dks[kRe gksus ls cpkusosQ fy, D;k&D;k phksaegoiw.kZgksrh gSaD;ksafdmlh osQ cPpsgSatksbl lkjh ihM+k lslclsigysizHkkfor gksaxs---A blhfy, geusuLyh leqnk; osQla?k"kZ esavkSjr dks Hkh ogh txg nh gS tks izfrvkSj fu;fr osQ vuqlkj gSA*
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f;kdyki

f;kdyki

vkiosQ fopkj lsbl iksLVj esa D;k fn[kkus dh dksf'k'kdh tk jgh gS\

fp=k 28 & ;gwfn;ksa ij geyk djrk ,d ukRlh iksLVj-fp=k osQ uhps nh xbZ iafDr;k% ^iSlk gh ;gwnh dk Hkxoku gSA iSls osQ fy, og Hk;kud vijkk djrkgSA og rc rd pSu ls ugha cSBrk tc rd fd uksVksa ls Hkjscksjs ij u cSB tk,] tc rd fd og iSlsdk jktk u gkstk,A*

'kklu osQ fy, leFkZu gkfly djus vkSj ukRlh fo'o nf"Vdks.k dksiSQykusosQ fy, ehfM;k dk cgqr lksp&le> dj bLrseky fd;k x;kAukRlh fopkjksadksiSQykusosQ fy, rLohjksa] fi+QYeksa] jsfM;ks] iksLVjksa] vkd"kZdukjksavkSj b'rgkjh ipksdk [kwc lgkjk fy;k tkrk FkkA iksLVjksaesateZuksaosQ^nq'euksa* dh jVh&jVkbZNfo;kfn[kkbZtkrh Fkha] mudk ekkd mM+k;k tkrk

Fkk] mUgsaviekfur fd;k tkrk Fkk] mUgsa 'kSrku osQ :i esais'k fd;k tkrkFkkA lektokfn;ksavkSj mnkjokfn;ksa dksdekksj vkSj iFkHkz"V roksa osQ :iesaizLrqr fd;k tkrk FkkA mUgsafons'kh ,tsaV dgdj cnuke fd;k tkrk FkkAizpkj fi+QYeksaesa;gwfn;ksaosQ izfr ui+Qjr iQSykusij kksj fn;k tkrk FkkA ^n,VuZy T;w* (v{k; ;gwnh) bl lwph dh lcls oqQ[;kr fi+QYe FkhAijaijkfiz; ;gwfn;ksa dks[kkl rjg dh Nfo;ksaesais'k fd;k tkrk FkkA mUgsank


22/26


teZu fdlku

rqe fli+ZQ fgVyj osQ gks!

D;ksa\

vktteZu fdlku nksHk;kud ikVksaosQ chp fil jgk gS %,d [krjk vesfjdh vFkZO;oLFkk

;kuh cM+siwthokn dk gSnwljk [krjk cksy'ksfoT+e dh ekDlZoknh vFkZO;oLFkk dk gS

cM+k iwthokn vkSj cksy'ksfoT+e] nksuksagkFk feyk dj dke djrsgSa %;snksuksagh ;gwnh fopkjksalstUesgSa

vkSj fo'o ;gwnhokn dh egk;kstuk dks ykxwdj jgsgSaA

fdlku dksbu [krjksalsdkSu cpk ldrk gS\osQoy

jk"Vh; lektokn1932 esaNis,d ukRlh ipsZlsA

f;kdyki

fp=k 29&30 dks ns[ksa vkSj fuEufyf[kr dk mkj nsa %bulsukRlh izpkj osQ ckjsesagesaD;k irk pyrk gS\ vkcknh osQ fofHkUu fgLlksadksxksycan djusosQ fy, ukRlh D;k iz;kl dj jgsgSa\

fp=k 29 & ;g iksLVj n'kkZrk gS fd fdlkuksa dks ukRlh fdl rjg vkdf"kZr djrs Fks -

oqQN egoiw.kZ frfFk;k1 vxLr 1914

igyk fo'o;q 'kq:9 uoacj 1918

teZuh us ?kqVusVsdfn,] ;q lekIr9 uoacj 1918

okbej x.kjkT; dhLFkkiuk dk ,yku28 twu 1919

olkZ; dh lafk30 tuojh 1933

fgVyj teZuh dk pkalyj curk gS1 flracj 1939

teZuh dk iksySaM esa?kqlukA nwljsfo'o;q dh 'kq#vkr

22 twu 1941teZu lsuk, lksfo;r la?k esa?kqlrh gSaA23 twu 1941

;gwfn;ksadk dRysvke 'kq:8 fnlacj 1941vesfjdk Hkh nwljs fo'o;q esa owQn iM+kA27 tuojh 1945

lksfo;r iQkStsa vkS"kfoRl dks eqDr djkrh gSaA8 ebZ 1945

;wjksi esa fe=k jk"Vksa dh fot;A

fp=k 30 & chl osQ n'kd dk ,d ukRlh ikVhZ iksLVj-blesa fgVyj] dks vfxze ekspsZ ij ;qjr flikgh crkdj mls onsus dk vkku fd;k tk jgk gSA
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ckWDl 1

D;k ukfRl;ksa}kjk lrk, x,yksxksaosQ izfr gennhZ dkvHkko osQoy ng'kr dh otg ls Fkk\ ykWjsal jhl dk

dguk gS fd ;g ekuuk xyrgksxkA ykWjsal jhl usgkygh esa vius o`kfp=k ^n ukRlhk % , okfux i+zQkWe fgLVh*osQ fy, rjg&rjg osQ yksxksals ckrphr dh FkhA

blh flyflys esa mUgksaus ,ukZkRl ls Hkh ckr dh tks1930 osQ n'kd esa fd'kksjh Fkha vkSj vc nknh cu pqdh

gSaA ,ukZ usjhl ls dgk %

rhl osQ n'kd esa,d mEehnlh fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA ;gcsjkskxkjksa osQ fy, gh ugha cfYd gj fdlh osQ fy,

mEehn dk nkSj Fkk D;ksafd gelHkh nck&oqQpyk eglwldjrsFksA viusvuqHko osQ vkkkj ij eSadg ldrh gwfd mu fnuksaru[okgsa c


24/26


ukRlh teZuh esa;gwnh D;k eglwl djrsFks;g ,d fcYoqQy vyx dgkuhgSA 'kkyZV csjkV usviuh Mk;jh esayksxksaosQ liuksadkspksjh&fNisntZfd;k FkkAckn esamUgksausviuh bl Mk;jh dksiqLrd osQ :i esaizdkf'kr fd;kA id>ksj dj j[k nsusokyh bl fdrkc dk uke gSFkMZjkb[+k vkWi+QMhElA'kkyZVsusbl fdrkc esacrk;k gSfd ,d le; osQ ckn fdl rjg [kqn

;gwnh Hkh viusckjsesaukfRl;ksa}kjk iQSykbZtk jgh :



ckWDl 2

gesavfgalk osQ :i esa,d ,slh 'kfDr izkIr gksxbZgS ftls;fn laxfBr dj fy;k tk, rksog lalkj Hkj dh lHkh izcyre fgalkRed 'kfDr;ksa osQ xBtksM+dk eqdkcyk dj ldrh gSAtSlk fd eSaus dgk] vfgalkRed rjhosQ esaijkt; uke dh dksbZpht gSgh ughaA ;grjhdkrksfcuk ekjs ;k pksV igqpk, ^^djus;k ejus** dk rjhdk gSA bldk bLrseky djus esakudh yxHkx dksbZk:jr ugha gS vkSj ml fouk'k'kkL=k dh rksughagh ftls vkius iw.kZrk osQpjefcanqij igqpk fn;k gSA eq>s;g ns[kdj vk'p;Z gksrk gSfd vki ;g Hkh ugha ns[k ikrsfd fouk'kdkjh ;a=kksa ij fdlh dk ,dkfkdkj ugha gSA vxj fczfV'k yksx ugharksdksbZvkSj

ns'k fu'p; gh vkiosQ rjhdksa ls;knk csgrj rjhdk bZtkn dj ysxk vkSj vkiosQ gh rjhdksalsvkidks uhpk fn[kk,xkA vki viusns'kokfl;ksaosQ fy, dksbZ ,slh fojklr ughaNksM+ jgsgSa ftl ij mUgsaxoZgksxkA os,d wj deZ dh ppkZdjusesa xoZdk vuqHko ugha djsaxs fiQjHkys gh og R; fdruh gh fuiq.krkiwoZd fu;ksftr D;ksau fd;k x;k gksA vr% eSaekuorkosQ uke ij vkils;q jksd nsus dh vihy djrk gwAn; lsvkidk fe=k]eks- d- xk akh

fgVyj dksxkakhth dk i=kokkZ24 fnlacj 1940

lEiw.kZ xkakh ok~e; [k.M 73] izdk'ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oaizlkj.kea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj

fiz; fe=k]fe=kksadk ;g vkxzg jgk gSfd ekuork dh [kkfrj eSavkidksoqQN fy[kwA ysfdu eSamuosQvuqjksk dks vLohdkj djrk jgk gw] D;ksafd eSa;g eglwl djrk gwfd esjk vkidksi=kfy[kuk k`"Vrk gksxhA ysfdu eq>soqQN ,slk yxrk gSfd bl ekeysesaeq>sfglkc&fdrkcdjosQ ughapyuk pkfg, vkSj eq>s vkilsvihy djuh gh pkfg,] pkgs og ftlyk;d gksA;g ckr fcYoqQy Li"V gSfd vkt lalkj esavki gh ,d ,slsO;fDr gSatksml ;q dksjksd ldrs gSa] tks ekuo&tkfr dksccZj voLFkk esaigqpk ldrk gSA D;k vkidksfdlhms'; osQ fy, bruk cM+k ewY; pqdkuk pkfg,] fiQj pkgs og ms'; vkidh n`f"Vesafdruk gh egku D;ksau gks\ D;k vki ,d ,slsO;fDr dh vihy ij ;ku nsaxsftluslksp&fopkj dj ;q osQ rjhosQ dk R;kx dj fn;k gS vkSj blesa mls dkiQh liQyrk Hkhfeyh gS\ tksHkh gks] eSa;g eku ysrk gw fd ;fn eSaus vkidks i=k fy[k dj dksbZHkwydh gSrksmlosQ fy, vki eq>s{kek dj nsaxs\eSagw]

vkidk lPpk fe=k]eks- d- xkakh

fgVyj dksxkakhth dk i=kokkZ] e; izkUr] Hkkjr23 tqykbZ 1939

lEiw.kZxkakh ok~e; [k.M 70] izdk'ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oaizlkj.kea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj

xka/h th usfgVyj dksfy[kk
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26/26

iz'u

f;kdyki

1- ,d iUusesateZuh dk bfrgkl fy[ksa%ukRlh teZuh osQ ,d LowQyh cPpsdh ukj lsA;kruk x`g ls fkank cp fudys ,d ;gwnh dh ukj lsAukRlh 'kklu osQ jktuhfrd fojkskh dh ukj lsA

2- dYiuk dhft, fd vki gsyeqV gSaA LowQy esavkiosQ cgqr lkjs;gwnh nksLr gSaA vkidk ekuuk gSfd ;gwnh [kjkcugha gksrsA ,sls esa vki viusfirk lsD;k dgsaxs] bl ckjsesa,d iSjkxzkI+kQ fy[ksaA

1- okbej x.kjkT; osQlkeusD;k leL;k,Fkha\2- bl ckjsesappkZ dhft, fd 1930 rd vkrs&vkrsteZuh esaukRlhokn dks yksdfiz;rk D;ksafeyusyxh\3- ukRlh lksp osQ [kkl igywdkSu&lsFks\4- ukfRl;k sadk izksisxaSMk ;gwfn;ksa osQ f[kyki+Q ui+Qjr iSnk djus esa bruk vljnkj dSlsjgk\5- ukRlh lekt esa vkSjrksadh D;k Hkwfedk Fkh\ iz+Qkalhlh kafr osQ ckjsesa tkuuso sQ fy, v;k; 1ns[ksaiz+Qkalhlh kafr vkSjukRlh 'kklu esa vkSjrksadh Hkwfedk osQ chp D;k i+QoZQ Fkk\ ,d iSjkxzki+Q esacrk,A

6- ukfRl;k sausturkij iwjk fu;a=k.k gkfly djusosQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls rjhosQ viuk,\

?

f;kd

yki
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Bharat Aur Samkaleen Vishva (3) - नात्सीवाद और हिटलर का उदय