NCV

CCQU

TRNHX LNC

BI THUYT TRNH

CNG NGH X LNC UNG NG

CHAI

NHM 3Danh Sch Nhm 3

Trn nh Trng Nguyn Cng Tn

Nguyn Th Trang V Th Linh Tnh

Trn Th Thy Hng L Th Ngc Tm

V Th Mai Trang V Th L Yn

Nguyn Th Bch Truyn Phm Thi Hin

Nh chng ta bit ncl thnh phn thit yu ca cuc sngvn l mt nhu cu khng th thiu hng ngy cng nh trong sn xutcng nghip t bit l trong nghnh ch bin thc phm. Trong sinhhot nc dng trong nhu cu v sinh, v cc hot ng gii tr, cchot ng cng cng. Trong cc hot ng cng nghip nc cdng cho cc qu trnh lm sch, sn xut thc phm nh hp,nc gii kht, ru, biahu ht cc nghnh cng nghip u sdng nc nh mt nguyn liu khng th thiu c trong sn xut.V vy cht lng nc phi c nh gi mt cch tng th, baogm c phng php x l, k thut.

Ty theo quy m sn xut, c th la chn ngun nc thch hp,nu sn xut vi khi lng ln, nn chn ngun nc ging ngm,nc ngm thng c cht lng n nh, thun tin cho vic x lv chi ph thp hn so vi x l cc ngun nc khc.

c ngun nc ngm khng b nhim khun, hm lng kimloi nng, phenol, cht phng x l rt kh. Nn trc khi a vosn xut bt buc phi xt nghim tng th v ty theo kt qu th tac cc cng on x l: X l c hc, ha hc, siX l UVnh hc.

Thng cha x l

Ngm nc mui 590/30pht.

Ra nc.

Ra cloraminB120ppm.

Ra sch bng nc x l.

Kim tra thng.

Bc vng m.

Nc ngm

Lc s b.

Lc th.

Lc tinh ln 1 (1micromet).

Trao i ion.

Lc tinh ln 2.

X l UV.1

Nc x l.

Lc than hot tnh.

Lc ch (1 m).

Lc giy (0,2 m).

Sc ZON.

X l UV.2

Chit rt, ng chai.

Dn nhn.

Bao mng co.

Nc tinh khit.

Np cha x l

Ngm cn 750.

Ra sch bng nc x l.

X L NC

C s l thuyt: Trong nc c nhiu tp cht khc nhau: tp cht c

hc, tp cht ha hc, tp cht vi sinhTy vo tngloi tp cht m ta c phng php x l khc nhau

Qu trnh x l Phng php lng tuyn ni

Phng php keo t

Phng php lc Lc th

Lc tinh

RO

THUYT MINH QUY TRNH Lc s b

Mch ch: Nc thy cc qua b lc s b s c loi b bn, phn, mi l v lm trong nc

Cu to: B lc cao khong 1,2m, trong vt liu chim khong 80% th tch b. Th t cc lp vt liu ln lt l: Ct si Than ci . Trong Lp ct dy khong 30cm

Lp than dy khong 40cm

Lp si dy khong 30cm

Nguyn l hot ng: Nc c phun t trn xungtip xc vi oxi khng kh kh Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe3+ kt hpvi nc to thnh Fe(OH)3 kt ta bn trn b mt lc.Nc qua 3 lp vt liu lc s loi b bn, phn v mil v chy xung b cha

Lc Th Mc ch: Lc b nhng tp cht l lng

Thit b lc th gm c lc th mc song song. Bnlc th c cu to hnh tr, c lm bng inox, phatrn c ng h p k, van x kh, pha di c van xy. Bn trong c 4 ct lc th c c nh bng inox.

Cu To: Ct lc th c cu to l mt ng hnh tr lmbng inox c t l, c ng knh khong 4mm,ng knh ct lc khong 90mm, ct lc c qunbi mt lp vi bng dy khong 15mm, k tip l lpvi xoa c th chu c p lc nc cao.

Nguyn l hot ng:Nc t ngoi bn lc th thm qua lpvi bng vo bn trong trc rng theo ng ng ra ngoi. Cccn bn b gi li trn lp bng, vi

Lc tinh Mc ch:Loi b tp cht c kch thc ln hn 1Mm m qu

trnh lc th khng x l c Cu tao:Thit b lc tinh gm c 3 bn lc tinh (2 bn lc tinh

mc song songt trn ng i ca nc sau thit b lc thv mt bn lc tinh t trn ng i ca nc trc khi voh thng n cc tm). Bn lc tinh c cu to hnh tr clm bng inox pha trn c van x kh v ng h p k, phadi c van x y. Bn trong c cc ct ch lc trong 3 bntheo th t ln lt l 24, 24, 60 ct lc. Cc ct lc c nhv bng cc tr inox.

Ct lc c cu to bi cc ng hnh tr rng, chiu dikhong 510mm, ng knh ct lc khong 60mm, ngknh trong c lc 30mm. Ct lc c cu to bi cc lp tqun li vi nhau c b dy 1,5 -2cm, kch thc l lc 1Mm

Thit b trao i ion Mc ch: Lm mm nc loi b cc mui ha tan.

Cu to: Ct trao i on c than hnh tr lm bng inox, chiu

cao mi ct l 2m, ng knh 500mm. Trong mi ct c24 ng nha (12 ng nha nm mt bt trn v 12ng nha nm mt bt di) c tc dng gi cc httrao i ion li. ng na c chiu cao 20cm, ngknh 4,5cm. Trn ng c khc nhiu rnh ngang, mirnh cch nhau 1mm, mt trong ng nha c 8 g dctheo thn ng nh dng c nh ng.

Bn trong ct trao i ion cha ht nha trao i ion.Cc ht nha trao i ion cha y ct m ch chakhong 1,7m so vi chiu cao ca ct trao i, 0,3mcn li l khong trng c tc dng gip qu trnh traoi din ra thun li hn

Nguyn l hot ng ct trao i cation nc i t di ln tip xc vi

cc ht nha cation thc hin qu trnh trao i ion, ccion Ca2+, Mg2+,Na+,K+c gi li.

RH + Ca2+ = R2Ca + H+

RH + Na+ = RNa + H+

Nc sau khi qua ct cation c tnh acid. lm gimtnh acid ta cho nc qua ct trao i anion.

ct trao i anion: Nc i t di ln tip xc vicc ht trao i anion thc hin qu trnh trao i anion. Cc ion Cl-, SO42-, NO32- c gi li.

ROH + Cl- = RCl + OH-

ROH + SO42- = R2SO4 + OH-

X l UV Mc ch: Tiu dit hon ton vi sinh vt trong nc.

Cu to: H thng n cc tm x l UV gm c 2 b mc song song, mi b c 5 n c tm.

n cc tm l mt ng hnh tr, bn bn ngoi c bao bc mt lp v nha trng c, bn trong l bng n cc tm. Bng n cc tm c bao bc bi mt lp thy tinh khng cho nc tip xc trc tip vi bng n trnh lm chm gy hng.

Nguyn tc hot ng: Nc i t di ln xung quanh bng n cc tm, tia cc tm t bng n pht ra tc dng ln b mt t bo vi sinh vt c trong nc tiu dit vi sinh vt.

Thit b lc than hot tnh Mc ch : loi b mu, mi, hp th cc cht tr v mt

ha hc, tp cht cn li trong nc sau khi x l s b.

Yu cu sau khi lc: Nc khng c mi v l.

Mu ca nc bng vi mu, v tiu chun TCM.

c 2 NTU.

Cu tao: Bn lc than hot tnh c cu to hnh tr, c lm bng inox.

Pha trn c ng h p k, valve x kh, pha di c valve xy. Bn trong l cc vt liu lc gm c:

Ngoi cng l lp v inox c t l.

Tip theo l lp than hot tnh.

Tip theo l lp vi xoa gi than khng tri theo nc.

Tip theo l lp bng.

Cui cng l ng inox c t l nc i qua v c nh b lc.

TB LC THAN HOT TNH

Nguyn l hot ng: Nc i t ngoi vo trong ln lt qua ba lp vt liu:

than, vi, bng. Khi i qua lp than hot tnh cc hp cht mu, mi c than hp th hon ton ng thi cc cn bn cng c gi li qua lp lc vi, bng. Nc sau khi lc theo ng ng n bn lc ch.

Lc ch Mc ch: loi b cn mn c kch thc 1m sau khi

lc than ng thi loi b mt phn vi sinh vt

Cu to Bn lc ch c cu to hnh tr c lm bng inox.

Thit b ch gm c 2 bn mc song song. Bn cnh bn lc cha 10 ct ch lc

Ct lc ch l mt ng hnh tr c chiu di 510mm, ng knh ngoi 6cm, ng knh trong 3cm. Ct lc ch c cu to nhiu lp ch t qun vi b dy 1.5 2cm. Mi ct lc ch c gn vi bn bi 1 thanh nh v bng inox c chiu di 520mm.

Nguyn l hot ng:

Nc t ngoi vo bn lc i qua lp ch lc ca ng ngoi, cc tp cht c kch thc 1m c gi li trn b mt ng lc ch

Lc giy Mc ch: Nc sau khi qua khi lc ch vn cn cn 0.2micromet c gi li trn b mt ct lc

Kh trng nc Mc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t c trong nc.

mt s nh my ngi ta kh trng nc qua 2 giai on.

Giai on 1: Kh trng bng ozon. u im: Kh nng tiu dit vi sinh vt cao, thi gian kh

trng nhanh t 3 -8 second, liu lng thp: 0.2 0.5mg/l

Ph hy nguyn sinh cht , gip tiu dit vi khun m cc cht kh trng khc khng kafm c.

Lm gim nng cht hu c, nng cc cht hot tnh

Tng nng oxi ha tan

Tng vn tc lng ca cc ht l lng

Nhc im: Vn u t cao

Tn nhiu nng lng

Giai on : Bng tia c tm Tia cc tm hay cn gi la tia t ngoi thng c bc sng

136 4000Ao tc dng ln vi sinh vt l 3300 -4000A, c tcdng sinh hc l 200 2900A. Kh nng tiu dit vi sinh vtl 2357A. u tin ti cc tm tc dng ln vi sinh vt l suyyu, sau tiu dit hon ton vi sinh vt.

Thng trong cng ngh x l nc ngi ta cho nc chyt trn cao xung theo hnh xon c xunng quanh n cctm t c kt qu tt nht.

Nguyn l kh trng: Dng n bc x t ngoi t trongdng chy ca nc. cc tia cc tm pht ra tc dng lnphn t protid ca vi sinh vt ph v cu trc v lm mt khnng tra i cht v th chng b tiu dit

u im: Khng lm thay i mi v ca nc. Tiu dit hon ton vi sinh vt.

Nhc im: Hiu qu kh trng ch t c trit khi trong nc khng c

cht hu c v cn l lng

Chit rt: L mt thit b bn t ng, c ni kt cui h thng

x l nc.

Bng 1 Ch tiu cm quan canc ung ng chai

Tn ch tiu Mc

1. Mu sc, TCU, khng ln hn 15

2. c, NTU, khng ln hn 2

3. Mi, v Khng mi v

Bng 2 Ch tiu ho l ca ncung ng chai

Tn ch tiu Mc

1. pH 6.5 8.5

2. Tng cht rn ho tan, mg/l, khng ln hn 500

3. Clorua, mg/l, khng ln hn 250

4. Sunfat, mg/l, khng ln hn 250

5. Natri, mg/l, khng ln hn 200

6. Florua, mg/l, khng ln hn 1.5

7. Amoni, mg/l, khng ln hn 1.5

8. Km, mg/l, khng ln hn 3

9. Nitrat, mg/l, khng ln hn 50

10. Nitrit, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.02

11. ng, mg/l, khng ln hn 1

12. St, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.5

13. Nhm tng s, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.2

14. Mangan, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.5

15. , mg/l, khng ln hn 0.7

16. Borat, mg/l tnh theo B, khng ln hn 5

17. Crm, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.05

18. Asen, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

19. Thu ngn, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.001

20. Cadimi, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.003

21. Xyanua, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.07

22. Niken, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.02

23. Ch, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

24. Selen, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

25. Antimon, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.005

26. Hydrocacbon thm a vng (1)

27. Mc nhim x

- Tng phng x , Bq/l, khng ln hn

- Tng phng x , Bq/l, khng ln hn

0.1

1

Theo Tiu chun v sinh nc n ung ban hnh km theo Quyt nh

s 1329/2002/BYT/Q

MT S SN PHM TRN THTRNG