Białowieża National Park

Lammi 2015

Renata Krzyściak-Kosińska Białowieża National Park

Biodiversity hotspot

Białowieża National Park Lammi 2015

Biodiversity hotspot Renata Krzyściak-Kosińska

Kaplan J. O., Krumhardt K. M., Zimmermann N. The prehistoric and preindustrial

deforestation of Europe. 2009. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 3016–3034

Forest cover



































The European bison distribution in the middle ages



The European bison distribution at the beginning of 20th century











1921 – Nature Reserve

1932 – National Park

1977 – Biosphere Reserve

1979 – World Heritage Property

1997 – European Diploma

2004 – Natura 2000

2005 – Biosphere Reserve enlarged

2007 – European Diploma suspended

2011 – World Heritage Property enlargement application

2014 – World Heritage Property enlarged





2014



Exceptional dimensions and age The trees live here until natural death and the forest stands have a characteristic uneven-age and multi-layered structure. Most of the old growth tree species present here are distinct from their counterparts in Europe in terms of their height and breast-height diameter.

Species Maximum age (years) Height (m) BHD breast height diameter

(cm)

Picea abies 300 + 57 140 +

Pinus silvestris 377 + 45 + 130 +

Quercus robur 500 + 45 + 237

Tilia cordata 350 + 40 + 185 +

Fraxinus excelsior 350 + 40 + 160

Salix caprea 75 + 32 + 57







trees 26

bushes 72

vascular plants 1 060

bryophytes & liverworts 301

lichens 402

fungi 4 000

mammals 59

birds 250

reptiles 7

amphibians 13

fish 31

Invertebrates 13 000







Fig. 3.2 Number of species in forest sites

inscribed under criterion x from Palearctic and

Nearctic per 1000 ha

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101112

Białowieża

For

est

Cen

tral

Sik

hote

Alin

Gre

at

Sm

oky

Mou

ntai

ns

Mou

nt

Hua

ngsh

an

Woo

d

Buf

falo

NP

Yel

low

ston

e

NP

N

Mammals Birds Vascular plants and lichens





on-going ecological and biological processes: climatic conditions biological processes restricted human impact characteristic multi-layered and multi-aged structure

processes of vegetation dynamics: fluctuation regeneration permanent linkages between the components and the environment. biotic factors: toppling over of trees and the appearance of overgrowing vegetation rooting by wild boars, direct impact of herbivores on the forest relationship between herbivores and carnivores emergence of niches /cryptogamous plants and invertebrates.

network of relationships – big animals whole community of ungulates native for the area strong population of owls and woodpeckers

network of relationships – coarse woody debris Dead wood appears in many forms, sizes and positions: standing dead trees dead branches in the canopy branches on the ground lying dead trees





Dead wood standing

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2

Orłówka

Hwoźna

1999 2009



0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Ukraine

Slovakia

Lithuania

Russian Federation

Switzerland

Austria

Slovenia

Latvia

Germany

Estonia

Croatia

Czech Republic

Netherlands

Italy

Sweden

Belgium

Ireland

Finland

Poland

Denmark

United Kingdom

Belarus

Average volume of total deadwood in 2010

(m3 per ha)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Białowieża National Park

Ukraine

Slovakia

Lithuania

Russian Federation

Switzerland

Austria

Slovenia

Latvia

Germany

Estonia

Croatia

Czech Republic

Netherlands

Italy

Sweden

Belgium

Ireland

Finland

Poland

Denmark

United Kingdom

Belarus

Average volume of total deadwood in 2010

(m3 per ha)





Contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity



9–10 species 7–8 species 5–6 species 3–4 species 1–2 species

Woodpecker species in Europe





List of species new for science described from Bialowieza Forest

Regnum: Algae Trentepohlia bialowiesensis MROZIŃSKA 1990 Regnum: Mycota Ordo: Hyphomycetales

Cladosporium galii MUŁENKO, SCHUBERT & KOZŁOWSKA 2004 Cephalosporium suspensum BAŁAZY 1973 Penicilium bialowiezense ZALESKI 1927

Ordo: Entomophthorales Tarichium distinctum BAŁAZY, WIŚNIEWSKI & KACZMAREK 1987 Zoophthora autumnalis BAŁAZY 1993 Zoopthora bialoviezensis BAŁAZY 1993 Zoopthora brevispora BAŁAZY 1993 Zoopthora crassispora BAŁAZY 1993 Zoopthora ichneumon BAŁAZY 1993 Zoophthora phalloides BATKO 1966 Zoophthora psyllae BAŁAZY 1993 Zoophthora heteropterae BAŁAZY 1993

Ordo: Laboulbeniales Siemaszkoa ramificans MAJEWSKI 1991 Siemaszkoa flexa TAVARES & MAJEWSKI 1976 Euphoriomyces huggertii MAJEWSKI 1986 Corethromyces bialowiezensis MAJEWSKI 1999 Monoicomyces bolitocharae MAJEWSKI 1994 Rickia polonica MAJEWSKI 1974 Rickia ptilidarum MAJEWSKI 1982

Ordo: Polyporales Poria albidofusca DOMAŃSKI 1966 Dendipratulum bialowiezense DOMAŃSKI 1965 Clavaria albo-vinacea PILAT 1950

Ordo: Xylariales Hypoxylon macrocarpum POUZAR 1978

Ordo: Basidiomycetes Tricholoma Orlosii PILAT 1950

Phylum: Lichenes

Usnea carpinea BYSTREK 1986

Regnum: Protista

Aspidiophorus longichaetus KISIELEWSKI 1986

Nosema coccinellae LIPA 1968

Nosema lepturae LIPA 1968

Nosema bialoviesianae LIPA 1966

Nosema phyrrocoridis LIPA 1977

Thelophania nepae LIPA 1966

Plistopora geotrupina LIPA 1968

Stenophora caudata LIPA 1967

Stenophora schizophylli LIPA 1967

Stenoophora strongylosomae LIPA 1967

Gregarina cossinellae LIPA 1967

Gregarina chrysomelae LIPA 1967

Ancyrospora balazyi LIPA 1967

Ancyrospora philonthi LIPA 1967

Stylocephalus carabi LIPA 1967

Blastocrithidia raabei LIPA 1966

Chaetonotus oculifer KISIELEWSKI 1981

Chaetonotus sphagnophilus KISIELEWSKI 1981

Chaetonotus pawlowskii KISIELEWSKI 1984

Heterolepiderma tenuiscuamatum KISIELEWSKI 1981

Heteroderma macrops KISIELEWSKI 1981

Trypanosoma wrublewskii WLADIMIROFF & JAKIMOV 1909

Regnum: Animalia Ordo: Acarina

Cheiroseius kargi GWIAZDOWICZ 2002Steneotarsonemus gibber SUSKI 1970 Nenteria riedeli WIŚNIEWSKI & HIRSCHMANN 1990 Demodex bisonianus KADULSKI &, IZDEBSKA 1996 Schizocyrtillus josefinae GWIAZDOWICZ 2002 Iphidozercon poststigmatus GWIAZDOWICZ 2003

Ordo: Nematoda

Helionema gracilis BRZESKI 1962 Zanenchus nemorosus BRZESKI 1985 Calodium cholidicola SOŁTYS 1952 Eucoleus oesophagicola SOŁTYS 1952 Stammerinema rhophalocephala SOŁTYS 1952 Stefanskostrongylus soricis SOŁTYS 1954 Protosopirula glareoli SOŁTYS 1949

Ordo: Mallophaga Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii EICHLER 1946

Ordo: Coleoptera Agrilus bialowiezaensis GUTOWSKI 1993

Ordo: Hymenoptera Platygerrhus millenius SZCZEPAŃSKI 1961 Centrobia annae KARPIŃSKI 1954

Ordo: Diptera Poloniphora bialoviesensis DISNEY 1998 Megaselia henridisnei DURSKA 1998 Megaselia marekdurski DURSKA 1998 Megaselia trojani DISNEY 1998 Megaselia joannae DISNEY 1998 Megaselia teresamajewskae DISNEY 1998 Phora michali DISNEY 1998



• Aurantiporus priscus

Niemela T., Miettinen O., Manninen O. 2012. Aurantiporus priscus (Basidiomycota), a new polypore from old fallen conifer trees. Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 201 - 205

• Aporpium macroporum

Miettinen, O., Spirin, V. & Niemelä, T. 2012: Notes on the genus Aporpium (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota), with a new species from temperate Europe. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 359–368.

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