Bina Nusantara

Chóngyángjié 重陽節 Dōngjié 冬節

Pertemuan ke-13

Matakuliah : E1112/ Mitos, Legenda dan Tradisi ChinaTahun : 2008

Bina Nusantara

Chóngyángjié 重陽節The Double Ninth Festival ( 重九 ;

Chóngjiǔ ) • 重陽節 ; Chóngyángjié or Chung Yeung

Festival in Hong Kong), observed on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar is a traditional Chinese holiday, mentioned in writing since before the East Han period (thus, before AD 25).

• According to the I Ching, 9 is the yang number; the 9th day of the 9th lunar month (or double nine) has too much yang (a traditional Chinese spiritual concept) and is thus a potentially dangerous date. Hence, the day is also called "Double Yang Festival" ( 重陽節 ).

Bina Nusantara

Custom celebrationTo protect against the danger, it is customary : • to climb a high mountain, • drink chrysanthemum wine,

and • wear the zhuyu ( 茱萸 ) plant,

(Cornus officinalis.) (Both chrysanthemum

and zhuyu are considered to have cleansing qualities and are used on other occasions to air out houses and cure illnesses.)

• visit the graves of their ancestors to pay their respects.

Bina Nusantara

Custom celebrationStores sell rice cakes ( 糕 "gāo", a homonym for height 高 ) inserted with mini colorful flags to represent zhuyu.

Mountain climbing races are also popular; winners get to wear a wreath made of zhuyu.

Most people drink chrysanthemum tea, while a few strict traditionalists drink homemade chrysanthemum wine.

Children in school learn poems about chrysanthemums, and many localities host a chrysanthemum exhibit.

Bina Nusantara

Asal mula ritual Mendaki Gunung : 2 cerita (Chuang Fang & Kaisar lalim

kebanjiran)

Bina Nusantara

Ritual 九皇爷Dewa 9 Kaisar adalah • anak dari Dewi Langit• perwujudan dari 9 Kaisar

Kuno• sering digambarkan sebagai

seorang dewa yang memiliki 4 pasang tangan.

Ritual ;• Potong lidah &

darahnya untuk menulis Hu/Fu

• Injak BaraJalan di bara api sambil membawa tandu Dewa

Bina Nusantara

"Senior Citizens' Day" (Hari Orang Tua)

• In 1966, the Republic of China (Taiwan Province) rededicated the holiday as "Senior Citizens' Day" , underscoring one custom as it is observed in China, where the festival is also an opportunity to care for and appreciate the elderly.

• On this day, senior people go out and enjoy themselves very much.

Bina Nusantara

Dōngjié 冬節As early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC),

China had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing movements of the sun with a sundial.The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms ( 節氣 ).

Dōngzhì 冬至 ; literally: "winter solstice") is the 22nd solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 270°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around December 21 (December 22 East Asia time) and ends around January 5

The Northern hemisphere on this day experiences the shortest daytime and longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and longer.

The origins of this festival can be traced back to the Yin and Yang philosophy of balance and harmony in the cosmos. After this celebration, there will be days with longer daylight hours and therefore an increase in positive energy flowing in. The philosophical significance of this is symbolized by the I Ching hexagram fù ( 復 , "Returning").

As ancient Chinese thought, the yang, or muscular, positive things will become stronger and stronger after this day, so it should be celebrated.

Bina Nusantara

Dongzhi originally celebration• In China, Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an end-of-harvest

festival. • The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206

BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279).

• The Han people regarded Winter Solstice as a "Winter Festival", so officials would organize celebrating activities.

• On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest. The army was stationed in, frontier fortresses closed and business and traveling stopped.

• Relatives and friends presented to each other delicious food. • In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to

offer scarifies to Heaven and ancestors. Emperors would go to suburbs to worship the Heaven; while common people offered sacrifices to their deceased parents or other relatives.

• The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) even had the record that "Winter Solstice is as formal as the Spring Festival," showing the great importance attached to this day.

Bina Nusantara

Dongzhi & Tangyuan 汤圆 (Indonesia : “makan onde”)

Today, Dongzhi is observed with a family reunion over the long night, when pink and white tangyuan are eaten in sweet broth to symbolise family unity and prosperity

Tāngyuán is a Chinese food made from glutinous rice flour mixed with a small amount of water to form balls and is then cooked and served in boiling water.

Tangyuan can be either filled or unfilled. Sweet fillings can be:

Sesame paste (ground black sesame seeds mixed with sugar and lard) - the most common filling; Red bean paste; Chopped peanuts and sugar.

Savoury filling is usually a pork meat ball.It is traditionally eaten during Yuanxiao, or the

Lantern Festival.

Bina Nusantara

Bina Nusantara

Dumpling 饺子 In some parts of Northern China, people eat

dumpling soup on this Dongzhi day; while residents of some other places eat dumplings, saying doing so will keep them from frost in the upcoming winter.

It is said to have originated from Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. On one cold winter day, he saw the poor suffering from chilblains on their ears. Feeling sympathetic, he ordered his apprentices to make dumplings with lamb and other ingredients, and distribute them among the poor to keep them warm, to keep their ears from getting chilblains.

Since the dumplings were shaped like ears, Zhang named the dish "qǜ hán jiāo ěr tāng" or dumpling soup that expels the cold. From that time on, it has been a tradition to eat dumplings on the day of Dongzhi.

Bina Nusantara

Taiwan customThe Taiwan people even keep the custom of offering

nine-layer cakes to their ancestors. They make cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam them on different layers of a pot. These animals all signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition.

People of the same surname or family clan gather at their ancestral temples to worship their ancestors in age order. After the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand banquet.