23

BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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Page 1: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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Page 2: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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a �ySLM�J/��� J/B ^qC�_*S7^L_:F�SLJ�c-�5G$SLM�J��:J�GA¡:D*� d�JU�qJ��ADG$MED¡5J/SL_�� _+_:�AD�SJ�¡5JF�G-R&_:^L^LB ��� JUFbJ�K�_:FLc-�&J�� _:FbJ/�qJ/��CEc$SLM�J�c J^LB FbJ�c-FbJ�K�_:FLc(V§ CID*� SLJFbCED�SLB ¡5J/SL_�SLM�B ^7B ^QSL_��AD*B C5S\D*B C$SLM�J/��� J�¨�© k*ª*hE«­¬�� � h���&�(� �=h D*CEcAd�^LJ ¬Q® l=�&k:� ¨ h��&k5m5¯3® l=° V

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Page 3: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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Page 4: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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�_T}`LT+F�Z~ZLM�Ia^�S I+g0j~IcT+D�S GkD�II�diZLM�Ic�4.�*'5Jo'HJY�z�z)T+`LI~ZLM;E�Z?E7S S)ZLM�Ic�+I�G `^ ZeC D0ZLTRhkE7C D$hiIhiT+F�G0o

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Page 5: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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keynodes array

1

BELL

0

HARRIS

HARRISON

KELLOG

3

2

BELL | 8912 Hill...

HARRIS | 4343 West...

HARRISON | 387 Eastern...

KELLOG | 17 Maple...

Main Memory

records

Disk

key RRN

keynodes array

1

BELL

0

HARRIS

HARRISON

KELLOG

3

2

BELL | 8912 Hill...

HARRIS | 4343 West...

HARRISON | 387 Eastern...

KELLOG | 17 Maple...

Internal sorting in main memory

records

No change in Disk

key RRN

keynodes array

1

BELL

0

HARRIS

HARRISON

KELLOG

3

2

BELL | 8912 Hill...

HARRIS | 4343 West...

HARRISON | 387 Eastern...

KELLOG | 17 Maple...

records

create new sorted file to replace previous

"$# � �&%�� # � � � � '

Page 6: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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pq-srAtO#u5R-;/�3756#B%C3.> 56/$5R-;/$vOw /$t G +RF,Jx UWNakRN�] Z�^ Q NVP6dedWP]M[W^8_�deN�P�[WNEP6Z > @,:;/ yzvOw / \ Z�Ue[WN�PRQ4{

index file

1

BELL

0

HARRIS

HARRISON

KELLOG

3

2

BELL | 8912 Hill...

HARRIS | 4343 West...

HARRISON | 387 Eastern...

KELLOG | 17 Maple...

records

Leave file unchanged

| -,> 9C> 9C+ G w w /&:0}�~$���E��}�~*���e�

�8> @,@;/&:0�7/&+H#43.:,9

LONh8Nhb�uNd,[Wc&P�[2\ ZC^RdWQ Nd�[W^oUWY����u^Rd�[2Q NT N�[W\ ^RZ�U��ONVY�UWN�QM� �&���.��4�H�H��� PbT \ Ue[O^6�;P�RP6\ T P6��T NadeN�_�^RdWQ U�{� c�Na� �&���.���4�H�H�g_�^RZ.[?P6\ Z�UO\ Z � ^b^RZM[Wc�NV��c.] UW\ _P6T&\ Z � ^RdehMP�[W\ ^RZC^6�deN�_�^RdWQ U�{;� ZgUWY&_WcgPES�T NVPbdeN�_�^RdWQC\ UOU?P6\ Q8[W^o�uNV� > @,@;/&: {

� ���ONVY�UWNaP6Z > @,:;/ yzvOw / � ^Rd�UW^Rd�[W\ Z�f��.[Wc�NV� �&���.���4�H�H�gP6Z&Q8�u^RUW\ [W\ ^RZ�U^6�sdeN�_�^RdWQ U2deNhMP6\ ZCY�Z&_Wc&P6Z�fRN�Q4{ � c�\ UO\ U2_�^RZ.�.NZ�\ NZ.[�{

�e� � �H��� � � � � � �

Page 7: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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"$#&%('�)+*-,-./%�0 )1#2%()3"$#-*-4/5�0 #�6

798;: <>=�? @A: BDC @�E @FHG�FI@JFI: <>=�? @LK(MNMIKO F�P7RQJBS: BDC @�E9? @�TIFUG�FUV WYXHZ+[�\]Z&^`_-\�^aZ+b2cYdHe \>fA: TIg�h/G TUMN@�K(MNMIK(B�i/: B�iTIg�@Jj�? @/P

7>k BDC @�E @FH=�MNh�l : C @mWonpe q/V Xre \sc&t t;\D[([9XpcDq/up[mTIh>Kmj�? @JvpWonpe q/V Xre \V bp_-\ w-\D[Rx ? : y�MIK(M�OazK�T$K(? h/iR=�MNh�l : C : B�i{FI@�K(MIzIgS| h/MUK(G TIg�h/M};y1h;h/~9K(BDCTI: TI? @��$P

7RQJBS: BDC @�ESzK(BS=�MNh�l : C @J~/@�O`@�CaK/zz�@FIFrTIh�l/K(MN: K(y�? @�v ? @B�i(TIgSMN@�z�h/MIC9j�? @F�P

�N� � �;��� � � � � � �

Page 8: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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KML�N�O@PRQ SUT V+W>P6X W>Y�Z L\[]L^�_>`Ra]b

17

ANG | 3795 | Violin Concerto | ...

WAR | 23699 | Adagio | ...

LON | 2312 | Symphony N.S | ...

RCA | 2626 | Quartet in C sharp | ... 62

117

152

Address of Record

c�P6X deW>P�feg@L�f:hiN�O@dkjDW>^lfkZ W>Y]LZ=miP6L�N�O@PRQon�pqT []rJsMt1[.n�pUbvu

Index :

17

WAR23699

152

RCA2626

ANG3795

LON2312

117

62

Reference field key

w n ^DQ L�xeX SySRO@P�`RL�Q.T deW>X ^zdkLdkO@P�fDbvuw KML�N�O@PRQ S{W>j�j]L�W>P+X ^e|�Z L}X ^z`Ra�LUO@PRQ LP+`Ra�L�feL^l`RLP6L�Q8u

~yO��I`RO�SRL�W>PRNRaz� O@PyW\P6L�N�O@PRQ X ^�_;�{X `Raz_@X �lL^�[]rJsMt1[.n�pi�� KML�`RP6X L��lLUP6L�N�O@PRQ X ^�_@��O@j]LPRW�`RX O@^.�w s1X ^DW>P�feSRL�W>PRNRa�T X ^odeW>X ^edkLdkO@P�fDb&X ^e`Ra�LUX ^DQ L�x��B|�^DQo[]rJsMt1[.n�p\��{a�X NRazZ L�W@Q SM��S+`RO;`Ra�LUP6L�� LP6L^DN�LU|�LZ Q8u

we� LLg�� O@PMP6L�N�O@PRQoX ^zj]O@SRX `RX O@^e_@X �lL^zYlfe`Ra�LUP6L�� LP6L^DN�L}|�LZ Q8u

�6� � �G��� � � � � � �

Page 9: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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9;: %�#<,)%/R4*D1?5)1?AB,)++I,)HD1�,$,)H�+2& AD3 +�E;& (C1?AS14TT�*�5)1�,)+U56+�V�+�TQ,)& %4AS%?WX,)H�+T�%4AB,)+AB,)(C%?WX,)H�+ K�L +4G$F "CH�& ($& ($,)56& T)>BO;#MH�+A;,)H�+56+U1?56+ L %?,)(C%?W143�3 & ,)& %4A�(�YZ3 + L +�,)& %4A�(M1?AD3J*�@[3�1�,)+(�G P

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Page 10: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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Page 11: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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�������������� !�#"$���&%('*),+ !- ��./��021���3

4�5 687:9<;:= 6#>?A@#BC@#D/@8E(F�@&GIHKJML#N$OKPMJMQ�L#L#R STNVU(W2XZY[R STS&U(\�X(RC]8^ = _ 9a`*bdcCe8fgbde#cC9h ]i�j/j/k:l `�9�fgbd= m/6#hIn l oqp n l r ] n l n p n l i�s

t �2%2�/u�v ��w

xzyK@#D/{8|/} ~&E(�!} EV~�D*�2@#Dz|�~���{�} E&|�{�} E�{�E���E(�2@:�2@8�V�a} � @i/l2� cC9���bd9�bd�#9�m/cC= >/= 68��_�9���:b ��= 687:9<;!��687!7#��bg�a�#_ 9h l

�:l2� m*�/7�bd�#9�= 687:9<;[�#_ 9�= 6*bdmq��9��m/c�����9<� m/cC9�e#hd= 6#>�= b l

�:l2� 9<�IcC= bd9�bd�#9$= 687:9<;��#_ 9$� cCm/����9��m/c��!��� bd9cKe#hd= 6#>�= b l

o#lT� 7#7!7#��bg��cC9�f<m/cd7:h,bdm�bd�#9a7#��bg���#_ 9 l

�:l2� 9_ 9<bd9�cC9�f<m/cd7:hK� cCm/��bd�#9�7#��bg���#_ 9 l

r:l2� ��7#��bd9$cC9�f<m/cd7:h,= 6!bd�#9�7#��bg���#_ 9 l

n l2� ��7#��bd9Ibd�#9�= 687:9<;�bdm[cC9<�#9�fgb$fd�8��6#>/9hK= 6�bd�#9a7#��bg�a�#_ 9 l

  9$�I= _ _�bg��¡/9a�qf<_ m/hd9cK_ m�m/¡���b,m/��9cd��bd= m/6#h ��p n l

¢C£�¤ ¥�¦#§ £ � ¥ � � ¨

Page 12: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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�������� ��� ��!"�$#&%"'"��(*)+� , �.-/��021435�61702�98

:<;>=?A@/;>=CB>D�@&DFE>G =+H IKJ9G L�I/=�BNMO@/;>=PH ?QBR=9STH ?�UT=UTL�V�WT?>==�BRIX@/LZY2=[ V\H @\@/=?�@/L]@/;>=PH ?QBR=9STE>G =�^

_ ?�H UT`2L�V�@&D�?O@aH I/I/b>=K@/LTJ9L�?>I/H BR=VXH I [ ;QD�@a;QD�`>`2=?>IXH cd@/;>=PV\= [ V\H @/H ?>eBRL6=Ia?>L�@X@&D�f�=P`>G D�J9=Zg `2L [ =VXc D�H G b>V\=I�MO@/b>V\?>H ?>eF@/;>=PUAD�J/;>H ?>=+L�h�M6=9@&J�^ i

j [ L]H UT`2L�V�@&D�?O@kI&D�c =e�bQD�V/BRI�lmAn ==`�D�?�I\@&D�@/b>IXoQD�e]I\@/L�V\=�B�H ?A@/;>=P;>=�D�BR=VaL�cd@/;>=PH ?QBR=9STE>G =�^�jk;>=I\@&D�@/b>IaoQD�e]H ITp�L�?>q [ ;>=?>=9rO=VX@/;>=PH ?QBR=9SZE>G =PH Ia?>L�@kb>`Rs @/L�s�B>D�@/=�^:<;>=?.J/;QD�?>e�=IkD�V\=P`2=V�c L�V\UT=�BAH ?A@/;>=PH ?QBR=9SAH ?�UAD�H ?AUT=UTL�V�WT@/;>=I\@&D�@/b>IaoQD�e]H ?A@/;>=+E>G =PH IX@/b>V\?>=�BAL�?d^t:<;>=?>=9rO=VX@/;>=+E>G =PH IaV\= [ V\H @\@/=?c V\L�UuUAD�H ?�UT=UTL�V�WZ@/;>=PI\@&D�@/b>IaoQD�e]H IX@/b>V\?>=�B�L�h�^mTv ct@/;>=P`>V\L�e�V/D�UwBR=9@/=�J&@/Ia@/;>=PH ?QBR=9SAH IaL�bR@\s L�c s�B>D�@/=+H @KJD�G G IkD]`>V\LRJ9=�BRb>V\=@/;QD�@kV\=�J9L�?>I\@/V\bQJ&@k@/;>=PH ?QBR=9SZc V\L�Uu@/;>=PB>D�@&DFE>G =�^

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Page 13: BINARY SEARCHING, $EYSORTING AND INDEXING

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