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Biokimia
Hormon
Blok 1.4
Biokimia
FK Unand
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Hormon
•
Hormon: senyawa kimia yang disekresikan
oleh specific glands atau cell danberperan sebagai
chemical messenger
atau
signal molecule
•
Hormon
dalam sirkulasi darah sangat
rendah (10 –12
- 10 –7
mol L –1).
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Hormones
ReproductionReproduction Growth &Growth &
DevelopmentDevelopment
aintenance of
internal environment
Energy production,Energy production,
utilization & storageutilization & storage
Fungsi HormonFungsi Hormon
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GAS MOLECULE
Cell Communication
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Generalized Signal Transduction Pathway
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Simple Intracellular & Extracelluler
Signaling
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Receptor
Receptor: specific membrane protein, dapat
mengenal dan berikatan dengan
corresponding ligand molecules, aktiv, dantransduce signal ke
next signaling
molecules:A. Membran
B. Intra Sel
Glycoprotein atau
Lipoprotein
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Hormon
-
Receptor
•
highly specificity
•
highly affinity
•
saturation
•
reversible binding
•
special function model
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Pengaturan
receptor
•
Phosphorylation
ataudephosphorylation
dari
Receptor
•
Phospholipid
membran
•
Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis
•
G protein
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(1) Recognize the special ligand
(2) Binding to special ligand
(3) Signal transduction
biological effect
Fungsi
receptor
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Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitaryPosterior pituitary
Thyrotropin
ACTH
Somatotropin
LH
FSH
Prolactin
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Thyroid
Adrenal
Cortex
Adrenal
MedullaPancreas Ovary Testis
Musclesliver Tissues
Liver,muscles
Estradiol TestosteroneInsulin,glucagon,
somatostatin
T3 Cortisolaldosterone
Mammaryglands
Reproductiveorgans
Epinephrine
Releasing
hormones
Nervous
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Struktur
Kimia Hormon
1. Derived from amino acids (Hydrophilic)
Amino acid derivatives thyroxine
Histamine, serotonin, melatonin, and the
catecholamines, dopa, dopamine,
norepinephrine, and epinephrine are
known as “biogenic amines.”
Tripeptides TRH
Small peptides VP (ADH), somatostatin
Intermediate-size peptides
insulin, parathyroid hormone
Complex polypeptides
and glycoproteins
gonadotropins, TSH
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A. Signaling substances derived from amino acids
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B. peptide hormones dan
proteohormones
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2. lipid precursors
Cholesterol derivatives cortisol, testosterone, vitamin D ,estradiol
Fatty acid derivatives prostaglandins, leukotrienesPhospholipid derivative platelet-activating factor
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Lipophilic
hormones
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Steroid hormones
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3. Derived from other chemicals (mediator)
Purines adenosineGases nitric oxide
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Hormon Pituitary -
hypothalamic
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Klasifikasi: Mekanisme Kerja
•
Hormones : bind to intracellular receptors
•
Hormones : bind to cell surface receptors –
second messenger : cAMP
–
second messenger : cGMP
•
second messenger :
calcium atauphosphatidylinositols
(or both)
•
second messenger :
a kinase atauphosphatase
cascade
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I. Hormones : intracellular receptors
•
Androgens
•
Calcitriol (1,25[OH]2-D3)•
Estrogens
•
Glucocorticoids•
Mineralocorticoids
•
Progestins
•
Retinoic acid
•
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
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II. Hormones : cell surface receptors
A. The second messenger iscAMP:
•
α2-Adrenergic catecholamines•
β-Adrenergic catecholamines
•
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
•
Antidiuretic hormone
•
Calcitonin
•
Chorionic gonadotropin, human•
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
•
Follicle-stimulating hormone
•
Glucagon
•
Lipotropin
•
Luteinizing hormone•
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
•
Parathyroid hormone
•
Somatostatin
•
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. The second messenger iscGMP:
•
Atrial natriuretic factor
•
Nitric oxide
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II. Hormones …..
C. The second messenger is calcium orphosphatidylinositols
(or both):
•
Acetylcholine (muscarinic)•
α1-Adrenergic catecholamines
•
Angiotensin II
•
Antidiuretic hormone
(vasopressin)•
Cholecystokinin
•
Gastrin
•
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone•
Oxytocin
•
Platelet-derived growth factor
•
Substance P
•
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
D. The second messenger is a kinaseor phosphatase
cascade:
•
Chorionic somatomammotropin
•
Epidermal growth factor
•
Erythropoietin
•
Fibroblast growth factor •
Growth hormone
•
Insulin
•
Insulin-like growth factors I and II
•
Nerve growth factor •
Platelet-derived growth factor
•
Prolactin
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Referensi
•
MURRAY, R. K., BENDER, D. A., BOTHAM, K. M., J, P.,
KENNELLY, RODWELL, V. W. & WEIL, P. A. (2009) Harper’s
Illustrated Biochemistry, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc•
VOET, D., G.VOET, J. & PRATT, C. W. (2008) FUNDAMENTALS
OF Biochemistry :LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
•
KOOLMAN, J. & ROEHM, K.-H. (2005) Color Atlas of Biochemistry,New York, Thieme.
•
JAIN, J. L., JAIN, S. & JAIN, N. (2005) FUNDAMENTALS OF
BIOCHEMISTRY, NEW DELHI, S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
