BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN - oktatas.hu · Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint írásbeli vizsga 0812 2 / 20 2009. május 12. Azonosító jel: Important information Read this information

Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint — írásbeli vizsga 0812

Azonosító jel:

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

EMELT SZINTŰ

ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

2009. május 12. 8:00

Az írásbeli vizsga időtartama: 240 perc

Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati

OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS MINISZTÉRIUM

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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint

írásbeli vizsga 0812 2 / 20 2009. május 12.

Azonosító jel:

Important information

Read this information sheet before you start working. You have 240 minutes to complete the higher level paper. The Higher Level Exam consists of two sections. You can achieve 80 points by answering correctly the assignments common for all candidates (I-VIII.). The last assignment (IX.) has two versions (version A and B). ONLY ONE OF THESE VERSIONS SHOULD BE ANSWERED. The 20 points for the last assignment CAN ONLY BE GIVEN FOR ONE OF THE TWO OPTIONAL VERSIONS, so no more points will be achieved, if you have started answering both. Supposing you did so, YOU ARE ASKED TO CROSS OUT THE UNWANTED VERSION WITH PEN before submitting the exam. Otherwise examiners will automatically mark version „A”. When answering multiple choice questions one or more CAPITAL LETTERS should be written into the empty boxes. (Not numbers.) These are the codes for the right answer(s). Make sure that your letters are unambiguous, because uncertain answers will not be accepted. In case of correction you are asked TO CROSS OUT the wrong letter clearly and TO WRITE THE CODE FOR THE RIGHT ONE BESIDE IT. When answering open-ended questions technical terms, short answers of 1-or-2 words, a sentence or several sentences should be created. Take care of GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS. Grammatically ambiguous or unintelligible answers (e.g. uncertain subject in a sentence) will not be accepted even if the right answer is included. Use black or blue ink.

Don’t write into the grey-coloured boxes!

We wish you a good work.

A D A D C B D correct acceptable wrong



Azonosító jel:

C

Ca

P

I. Biogenic elements 9 points You find the chemical symbol of a biogenic element in each circle. Write the number of the appropriate statement into the matching circle or into the intersection of the circles.

1. absorption of its ionic form from the intestines is assisted by vitamin D 2. it is found in bones 3. it is a component of carbohydrates 4. its ionic form is required for blood- clotting 5. plants fix its oxidized compound from the atmosphere during photosynthesis 6. it is a component of nucleic acids 7. its oxidized compound plays a role in the control of respiration in the human body 8. it plays a role in the formation of high- energy (macroerg) bonds 9. its ionic form is necessary for muscle

movement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. total

II. The Life of the Termite 9 points “Termites … feed exclusively on cellulose… The question how they fix the nitrogen from air that they need for protein production or how they convert carbohydrates into proteins is still open… I have already mentioned the constant, unchanged humidity that is maintained by these insects in their homes despite the atmosphere, which is so arid … that the merciless heat of the tropical summer even burns out the roots of trees. This phenomenon is so unusual, that Livingstone, who was not only a great explorer but a keen and conscientious naturalist, asked the following question in 1871: Aren’t the members of the termite colony able to fix the atmospheric oxygen by means of hydrogen from their plant food in an unknown process in order to produce the water necessary for them to the extent as it evaporates? This problem has remained unsolved, but the question is absolutely justified.”

Maurice Maeterlinck: The Life of the Termite (1926)

1. In order to obtain energy from cellulose first, the termite has to break it down into its glucose monomers. What sort of reaction is this? Write the letter of the correct answer into the empty box.

A. Hydrolysis B. (Poly-)condensation/ Dehydration synthesis C. Ester-formation D. Oxidation E. Reduction



Azonosító jel:

2. Nowadays we do know what Livingstone only had an idea about. In which process is water produced from the hydrogen of the cellulose molecules and from the atmospheric oxygen? A. During hydrolysis B. During glycolysis C. During citric acid (Krebs) cycle D. During terminal oxidation (electron transport chain) E. During the formation of cellulose 3. In which part of the termite’s body does that process occur, during which the above-

mentioned water is produced? A. In the (lumen of the) digestive canal B. In the cavity of the trachea-system C. In the cytoplasm D. In the mitochondria E. On the surface of ribosomes 4. For the question of Maeterlinck – “how they fix the nitrogen from air that they need for

protein production” – modern biologists already know the answer. Which organisms can surely do this?

A. Every autotrophic plant B. Most of the heterotrophic organisms C. The nitrifying bacteria D. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria E. No living organism can utilize it directly 5. Besides proteins, syntheses of other compounds also require nitrogen. Which are these?

Write the letters of the correct answers into the empty boxes.

A. DNA B. RNA C. Fats D. Glycogen E. Starch Maeterlinck had already known the secret of termite’s digestion. He wrote: “ L.R. Cleveland … stated, that (considering all formerly studied animals) the guts of tree-eating termites are literally filled with four species of parasites: the Trichonympha, the Leydiopsis sphaerica, the Trichomonas and the Streblomastix: none of these can be found in the guts of other animals. If we want to remove this fauna from the termite, we should expose them to 36 ºC temperature for 24 hours. This treatment does not influence the termite, but its intestinal parasites are killed. If we feed the termite “cleaned” with this method on cellulose, it can survive for 10-20 days. Then it dies of hunger. However if we return its parasites before the fatal deadline, its life continues in an undisturbed way. If the parasite is removed from its gut, it immediately dies, even if we put it onto the top of a cellulose hill. According Cleveland’s experiments, the presence of Trichonympha and Leydiopsis provides an undisturbed life for the host. … If we eliminate all Trichonympha, the single Leydiopsis will multiply greatly and will substitute the Trichonympha. Streblomastix … has no real effect on the life of its host. Similarly to the termites, its survival also relies upon the presence of the other parasites.”



Azonosító jel:

6. According the old-fashioned terminology, Maeterlinck used the term “parasite” to describe the intestinal protozoa of termites. What type of population interaction can you identify between the termite and the Trichonympha in reality?

A. Competition B. Commensalism C. Symbiosis D. Antibosis 7. On the basis of this experiment, what type of population interaction can you identify

between the termite and the Streblomastix? A. Competition B. Commensalism C. Symbiosis D. Antibiosis 8. Based on this experiment, what sort of population interaction is likely to occur between

the Trichonympha and the Leidyopsis? A. Competition B. Commensalism C. Symbiosis D. Antibiosis 9. According to the report, the summer temperature does not exceed 30ºC in the studied termite hills and in winter it does not fall below 27ºC. Why is keeping the upper

temperature limit important for termites?

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A termite queen with giant abdomen surrounded by workers (from the film of David Attenborough)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. total



Azonosító jel:

III. Plants as indicators 10 points

A student was eager to know the environmental conditions of different habitats. He recorded the 5 commonest species from three habitats and in a chart he indicated the T (temperature requirement), W (water requirement) and R (soil pH requirement) values alongside the species.

Species habitat T W R peach-leaved bellflower/baracklevelű harangvirág

Turkey oak-Sessile oak forest/ cseres-tölgyes 5 4 3

wild service tree/ barkócafa


turkey oak/ csertölgy


wild privet/ fagyal


scentless feverfew/ sátoros margitvirág


beech/ bükk Beech forest/ bükkös 5 5 4

slender wood violet/ erdei ibolya

Beech forest/ bükkös 5 5 3

wood-sorrel/ erdei madársóska


coralroot bittercress/ hagymás fogasír


woodruff/ szagos müge Beech forest/ bükkös 5 5 3

glossy-fruited sedge/ fényes sás

Rocky grassland/ sziklagyep 6 2 4

mountain germander/ hegyi gamandor


grey cinquefoil/ homoki pimpó


common globularia/ közönséges gubóvirág


hoary rock-rose/ szürke napvirág


T W R 0 wide tolerance extremely arid wide tolerance to pH 1 tundra very arid acidic 2 forest-tundra arid slightly acidic 3 taiga moderately dry nearly neutral 4 mixed forest relatively fresh slightly alkaline (calcareous) 5 deciduous forest fresh alkaline (calcareous) 6 submediterranean deciduous forest moderately wet - 7 mediterranean/ maritime evergreen forest wet -

At “T” values, the temperature requirement is characterised by the most typical climatic belt.Numbers from 1 to7 indicate climatic belts with continuously increasing mean temperatures.

Beech forest



Azonosító jel:

1. Fill in the table below. For the calculation use the data recorded by the student.

(3 points) type of habitat Mean value for T Mean value for W Mean value for R

A Beech forest

B Turkey oak- Sessile oak forest

C Rocky grassland

Write the letters of the habitats (A, B or C) into the empty cells after the following statements. (5 points) 2. The pH of its soil is nearly neutral or slightly alkaline (calcareous)

3. The habitat has a very arid climate

4. Its flora also contains species that prefer fresh soil

5. Most of the species indicate a relatively fresh habitat

6. The temperature of this habitat is in accordance with the submediterranean forest

climate

7. Complete the following bar graph by drawing the missing columns into the figure. Always use the appropriate graphic pattern (empty, streaked, filled). (2 points)



Azonosító jel:

IV. “They carry the eternal current” 12 points Compare arterial and venal circulation. Put the letters of the correct answers in the boxes.

A. Arteries B. Veins C. Both of them D. None of them

1. They always carry oxygenated (=almost saturated with oxygen) blood

2. They transport blood towards the heart

3. Exchange of materials between tissues and blood occur through their walls

4. Pulse wave runs along their walls

5. Choose the effect that usually acts against the blood flow in the venal system of the

human limbs. The letter for the correct answer should be written in the empty box.

A. Blood vessels must carry blood away from the abdominal cavity against the gravitational force. B. Blood flows from the place of lower pressure to the place of higher pressure in them. C. Blood flows into the opposite direction during the contraction of the right atrium. D. More blood has to be transported in veins than in arteries. E. The CO2-content of the blood is higher in veins than in arteries. 6. Choose the effects that help venal blood of limbs to flow into the correct direction. Letters for the

correct answers should be written in the empty boxes. A. The pumping effect of muscle movement B. The osmotic sucking force C. The sucking force due to inhalation (inspiration) D. The pocket valves that stop backflow E. The flapped valves that stop backflow The work of venal valves in a healthy person is shown on Figure 1. In the position “A” valves

are open.

Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3.

A



Azonosító jel:

7. In a healthy person, which direction do these valves allow blood to flow? A. They allow blood to stream upward in any position of the limb. B. They allow blood to stream towards the heart. C. Depending on which stage the cardiac cycle is in, they allow blood to flow alternately towards the heart and then back. D. They allow blood to flow from the capillary system to the direction of the

larger veins. E. They allow blood to flow downward in arms and upward in legs. 8. Figure 2. represents the development of a varicose vein. Choose those effects from the following list which are likely to contribute to the development of varicose veins.

A. Too much movement with skeletal muscles B. Pregnancy C. Weakness of the connective tissue that surrounds the blood vessels D. Standing or sedentary job E. High blood pressure (hypertension) 9. The part indicated with letter “C” on Figure 3. shows another severe disorder. Name this disorder and describe it briefly. (2 points) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Part “D” is a broken fragment of “C” that is swept away by the bloodstream.

Supposing that this embolus (D) starts from the deep veins of the leg, name the organ in which it can first block the blood flow in its small arterioles.

A. Heart B. Brain C. Spleen D. Liver E. Lungs 11. Name three faults in someone’s way of life that may lead to the development of the

disorder shown on the Figure 3. (1 point) …………………………………………………………………………………………

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. total



Azonosító jel:

V. Tissues 10 points Write the letters for tissues into the empty cells under the appropriate microscopic photo and into the cells following the statements.

A. stratified, cornified epithelium B. nervous tissue C. striated muscle tissue (skeletal muscle tissue) D. hyaline cartilage E. bone tissue (osseous tissue)

6. It is a structural material in the integument (skin) of Reptiles.

7. It causes the active movement of Insects.

8. A group of its cells produces oxytocin.

9. It covers the (articulating) ends of bones.

10. Calcium-phosphate is the inorganic salt of its matrix.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. total

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



Azonosító jel:

VI. The skull 9 points You can see the human skull in two different views on this figure.

1. Name the bones indicated by the following numbers. (3 points)

2 ………………………………… 3 …………………………………………

9 …………………………………

Compare the following two bones. Write the letters for correct answers into the empty boxes after the statements. Each correct answer: 1 point.

A. True for the bone 1. B. True for the bone 8. C. True for both D. True for none 2. It is part of the facial bones of the skull.

3. It is connected to the temporal bone by a joint.

4. Its opening is called foramen magnum.

5. Roots of 32 teeth may become fixed to it.

6. It is connected to the vertebral column. 7. During a cranial surgery, which bone has to be trepanised (=cut a hole) in order to reach

the primary sensory cortex responsible for somatic sensations? (Use the appropriate number of the figure in your answer (empty box) and name this bone on the dotted line.)

……………………………………………… (1 point)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. total



Azonosító jel:

VII. Drug alert 11 points Amphetamines and cocaine influence the release and retake of certain synaptic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenalin. A synapse is shown on this figure. The symbol “+” means stimulation, while “-“ means inhibition. (szinapszis= synapse, amfetamin= amphetamine, kokain= cocaine, ingerület= nerve impulse)

1. Name cell organelle “B” that contains the neurotransmitter. (1 point) ………………………………

2. Name molecule “D” to which the transmitter binds. (1 point) ………………………………

3. Complete the following sentences with the adequate terms. (3 points) Amphetamines …………………. the release of dopamine and noradrenalin, cocaine

……………. the retake of them. As a result of this, the excitatory state of cell “E” ….........…

4. Molecule “C” is responsible for the retake of neurotransmitters. What kind of chemical substance is molecule “C”? (1 point) ……………………………………. 5. Some of the effects of cocaine are: increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilation of pupils, hyperthermia (increased body temperature). Name that part of the vegetative

(autonomic) nervous system whose excitation results in similar effects. (1 point) …………………………………..

6. Name the specific part of an endocrine organ, whose hormones have similar effects.

……………………………………. (1 point)

7. Name one short-term effect (besides the above mentioned) of amphetamines and cocaine. (1 point) ……………………………

8. Name two long-term effects of cocaine and amphetamines. (2 points)

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. total



Azonosító jel:

VIII. Kernels (Grains of maize) 10 points

Geneticists have investigated the inheritance of the colour and the shape of kernels of maize. Its colour (the colour of the endosperm) can be yellow or colourless. Its shape can be smooth (non-shrunken) or wrinkled (shrunken). Both of the traits are determined by 2 alleles of two different genes. First, scientists crossed maize of homozygous yellow and wrinkled kernels with colourless and smooth ones. They obtained individuals having only yellow and smooth kernels.

1. Give the genotypes of the members of the F1 generation using appropriate notation. Describe precisely the meaning of the letters you have chosen. (1 point)

2. In the next experiment, a test cross was made: individuals of the F1 generation were

pollinated by the pollens originating from homozygous, recessive individuals. Assuming that all Mendel’s Laws are true in this case, give the expected genotypes, phenotypes and ratios (probabilities) of the offspring. (4 points)

Phenotype

Genotype

Expected %

The real result is shown on Figure 1. (The yellow seeds are dark grey on this photo, while the wrinkled ones are narrow, concave (with a groove in the centre) 3. Give the genotypes of the kernels indicated by “X” and “Y” on

this photo. (1 point) X: ……………………….. Y: ……………………………. 4. Outline how the final result differed from the expected one. How

can you explain the experienced outcome? (2 points)

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Y

X

Figure 1.



Azonosító jel:

In a different experiment, the same procedure was repeated with maize from a different source. The results obtained for the F1 generation were identical with the previous one. The result of the test cross, however, was different: its photo is shown on Figure 2.

5. Explain the result of this experiment (Fig.2.). Describe the experienced result and give the genotypes of the gametes produced by the F1 plants in this case. (2 points) …………………………………………………………………………………………………

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. total

Figure 2.



Azonosító jel:

IX. Optional assignments A. Controlled processes in plants 20 points The regulation of flowering 7 points 1. Name the plant group (phylum) in which the flower first appeared in the course of

evolution. (1 point) ………………………………………………..

The effect of the duration of light exposure on the start of flowering in sugar-beet and tobacco plant was investigated in an experiment. The two plants were exposed to different durations of light in three separate experiments. (On the figure below, the white bars show the duration of light exposure within a 24 hours period) Within the dark period of the third experiment, the plants were exposed to white light for a short time. Symbol “+” shows the start of flowering, while “-“ if no flowering occurred.

(kritikus sötét periódus= critical dark period , fehér zavaró fény = white, disturbing light)

Write the letter for your answer into the empty boxes next to the statements. Every correct answer: 1 point. A. sugar-beet B. tobacco plant C. both of them D. none of them

2. It is a long-day plant

3. Its flowering is influenced by the duration and timing of light.

4.

According to this experiment, it will flower only if the duration of light is longer than 12 hours.

5. It will flower only if it is exposed to a disturbing light during the dark period.

6.

It will flower only if it is kept in darkness for more than 14 hours continuously.

sugar-beet tobacco plant

–+

–

–

+

+

hour



Azonosító jel:

7. On the basis of the experiment, what condition is needed a for long-day plant to start flowering? Write the letter of the correct answer into the empty box. (1 point) A. The daily light exposure should be longer than about 12 hours. B. The uninterrupted darkness cannot be longer than 12 hours. C. The daily uninterrupted darkness should be longer than about 10 hours. D. The presence of white, disturbing light in darkness. E. No light effect is allowed during the dark period (regardless of its length). The regulation of water-balance in plants — Essay (13 points) Write an essay (composition) on the water-balance of Angiosperms. Use the following guidelines in your answer: • The sites for uptake and release of water in plants (by naming the organs and parts of

organs) • The method of water uptake, its driving forces and energy requirements • The location of water transport in the stem and its physical driving forces (pulling forces) • The regulation of water-loss among arid and humid climatic conditions and its anatomic

explanation.

Write your essay on the pages 18. and 19. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Essay total



Azonosító jel:

IX. Optional assignment B. “ In the hot wells of your ardent kidneys” 20 points Problem-solving assignment 9 points 1. On average 0.67 dm3 of blood plasma runs through our kidneys every minute. Approximately 20% of the blood plasma is forced through the glomerular walls. Calculate the daily amount of filtrate produced from these data. (2 points)

2. Which letter indicates the site where the

filtrate is produced? (1 point) The proportion of the cellular components of blood is 44%. 3. Calculate the amount of blood running through our

kidneys in a minute. (2 points) We produce on average 1.5 dm3 of urine every day. 4. Calculate what percentage of the filtrate’s volume is reabsorbed in the nephron on average. (2 points)

5. Which letter of this figure indicates the site where reabsorption begins? (1 point)

6. Which part (indicated by a letter) of this figure has direct connection to the renal pelvis? (1 point) The route of water in the nephron — Essay 11 points Describe the route of water from the blood plasma to the urine. Use the following guidelines in your answer. Mind the accurate composition of your essay. • Outline the movement of water as it flows across the nephron by answering the following

questions: From/to where does it flow? How does it flow? (What transport processes occur?)

• Name the structures that produce ADH (vasopressin hormone) and release it into the bloodstream. Outline how this hormone works and which part of the nephron is influenced by this hormone.

• Describe the effect of thirsting on ADH production and how it alters the quantity and the concentration of urine.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Essay total

E

D A

B

C



Azonosító jel:

• Essay (You can write the essay part of assignment IX.A or IX.B here.) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Azonosító jel:

Maximum

score Achieved

score I. Biogenic elements 9 II. The Life of the Termite 9 III. Plants as indicators 10 IV. “They carry the eternal current” 12 V. Tissues 10 VI. The skull 9 VII. Drug alert 11 VIII. Kernels (Grains of maize) 10

IX. Optional essay or problem-solving assignment A. Controlled processes in plants 20

B. “In the hot wells of your ardent kidneys”

Total score for the written part of the exam 100 Correcting teacher

Date: ………………………………….. __________________________________________________________________________

elért pontszám/achieved

score

programba beírt

pontszám/ score

written into the

programme

Feladatsor / Assignments

Választható esszé vagy problémafeladat/ Optional essay or problem-solving assignment

javító tanár/ correcting teacher

jegyző/ registrar of the Board of Examiners

Dátum/ Date: ………………………………….. Dátum/ Date: …………………………………..

Documents

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN - oktatas.hu · Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint írásbeli vizsga 0812 2 / 20 2009. május 12. Azonosító jel: Important information Read this information