Biotech 13 14 Sylabus

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Applicable for the students of M. Tech (Regular) Course from theAcademic Year 2013-14 onwards

The M. Tech Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University

Kakinada shall be conferred on candidates who are admitted to the program

and who fulfil all the requirements for the award of the Degree.

1.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSIONSAdmission to the above program shall be made subject to eligibility,

qualification and specialization as prescribed by the University from time to

time.

Admissions shall be made on the basis of merit/rank obtained by the

candidates at the qualifying Entrance Test conducted by the University or

on the basis of any other order of merit as approved by the University,

subject to reservations as laid down by the Govt. from time to time.

2.0 AWARD OF M. Tech DEGREE

2.1 A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M. Tech

Degree, if he pursues a course of study in not less than two and not

more than four academic years.

2.2 The student shall register for all 80 credits and secure all the 80 credits.

2.3 The minimum instruction days in each semester are 90.

3.0 A. COURSES OF STUDY

The following specializations are offered at present for the M. Tech

course of study.

1. M.Tech- Structural Engineering

2. M.Tech- Transportation Engineering

3. M.Tech- Infrastructure Engineering & Management

4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

5. M.Tech- Environmental Engineering

6. M.Tech-Geo-Informatics

7. M.Tech-Spatial Information Technology

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS R13 FOR M. Tech (REGULAR)

DEGREE COURSE


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8. M.Tech- Civil Engineering

9. M.Tech -Geo-Technical Engineering

10. M.Tech- Remote Sensing

11. M.Tech- Power Electronics12. M.Tech- Power & Industrial Drives

13. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives

14. M.Tech- Power System Control & Automation

15. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Drives

16. M.Tech- Power Systems

17. M.Tech- Power Systems Engineering18. M.Tech- High Voltage Engineering

19. M.Tech- Power Electronics and Power Systems

20. M.Tech- Power System and Control

21. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Systems

22. M.Tech- Electrical Machines and Drives

23. M.Tech- Advanced Power Systems24. M.Tech- Power Systems with Emphasis on High Voltage Engineering

25. M.Tech- Control Engineering

26. M.Tech- Control Systems

27. M.Tech- Electrical Power Engineering

28. M.Tech- Power Engineering & Energy System

29. M.Tech- Thermal Engineering

30. M.Tech- CAD/CAM

31. M.Tech- Machine Design

32. M.Tech- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture

33. M.Tech- Advanced Manufacturing Systems

34. M.Tech-Computer Aided Analysis & Design

35. M.Tech- Mechanical Engineering Design

36. M.Tech- Systems and Signal Processing

37. M.Tech- Digital Electronics and Communication Systems

38. M.Tech- Electronics & Communications Engineering

39. M.Tech- Communication Systems

40. M.Tech- Communication Engineering & Signal Processing

41. M.Tech- Microwave and Communication Engineering

42. M.Tech- Telematics


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43. M.Tech- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics

44. M.Tech- Embedded System

45. M.Tech- VLSI

46. M.Tech- VLSI Design47. M.Tech- VLSI System Design

48. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI Design

49. M.Tech- VLSI & Embedded System

50. M.Tech- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems

51. M.Tech- Image Processing

52. M.Tech- Digital Image Processing53. M.Tech- Computers & Communication

54. M.Tech- Computers & Communication Engineering

55. M.Tech- Instrumentation & Control Systems

56. M.Tech VLSI & Micro Electronics

57. M.Tech Digital Electronics & Communication Engineering

58. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI59. M.Tech- Computer Science & Engineering

60. M.Tech- Computer Science

61. M.Tech- Computer Science & Technology

62. M.Tech- Computer Networks

63. M.Tech- Computer Networks & Information Security

64. M.Tech- Information Technology

65. M.Tech- Software Engineering

66. M.Tech- Neural Networks

67. M.Tech- Chemical Engineering

68. M.Tech- Biotechnology

69. M.Tech- Nano Technology

70. M.Tech- Food Processing

71. M.Tech- Avionics

and any other course as approved by AICTE/ University from time to time.


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Civil Engg. 1. M.Tech- Structural Engineering

2. M.Tech- Transportation Engineering3. M.Tech- Infrastructure Engineering & Management

4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

5. M.Tech- Environmental Engineering

6. M.Tech-Geo-Informatics

7. M.Tech-Spatial Information Technology

8. M.Tech- Civil Engineering

9. M.Tech -Geo-Technical Engineering

10. M.Tech- Remote Sensing

E E E 1. M.Tech- Power Electronics

2. M.Tech- Power & Industrial Drives

3. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives

4. M.Tech- Power System Control & Automation

5. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Drives

6. M.Tech- Power Systems

7. M.Tech- Power Systems Engineering

8. M.Tech- High Voltage Engineering

9. M.Tech- Power Electronics and Power Systems

10. M.Tech- Power System and Control

11. M.Tech- Power Electronics & Systems12. M.Tech- Electrical Machines and Drives

13. M.Tech- Advanced Power Systems

14. M.Tech- Power Systems with Emphasis on HighVoltage Engineering

15. M.Tech- Control Engineering

16. M.Tech- Control Systems

17. M.Tech- Electrical Power Engineering

18. M.Tech- Power Engineering & Energy System

M E 1. M.Tech- Thermal Engineering

2. M.Tech- CAD/CAM

3. M.Tech- Machine Design

4. M.Tech- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture

5. M.Tech- Advanced Manufacturing Systems6. M.Tech-Computer Aided Analysis & Design

7. M.Tech- Mechanical Engineering Design

3.0 B. Departments offering M. Tech Programmes with specializations

are noted below:


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E C E 1. M.Tech- Systems and Signal Processing

2. M.Tech- Digital Electronics and CommunicationSystems

3. M.Tech- Electronics & Communications Engineering

4. M.Tech- Communication Systems

5. M.Tech- Communication Engineering & SignalProcessing

6. M.Tech- Microwave and Communication Engineering

7. M.Tech- Telematics

8. M.Tech- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics

9. M.Tech- Embedded System10. M.Tech- VLSI

11. M.Tech- VLSI Design

12. M.Tech- VLSI System Design

13. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI Design

14. M.Tech- VLSI & Embedded System

15. M.Tech- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems

16. M.Tech- Image Processing

17. M.Tech- Digital Image Processing

18. M.Tech- Computers & Communication

19. M.Tech- Computers & Communication Engineering

20. M.Tech- Instrumentation & Control Systems

21. M.Tech VLSI & Micro Electronics

22. M.Tech Digital Electronics & CommunicationEngineering

23. M.Tech- Embedded System & VLSI

CSE 1. M.Tech- Computer Science & Engineering

2. M.Tech- Computer Science

3. M.Tech- Computer Science & Technology

4. M.Tech- Computer Networks

5. M.Tech- Computer Networks & Information Security

6. M.Tech- Information Technology

7. M.Tech- Software Engineering

8. M.Tech- Neural Networks

Others 1. M.Tech- Chemical Engineering

2. M.Tech- Biotechnology

3. M.Tech- Nano Technology4. M.Tech- Food Processing

5. M.Tech- Avionics


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4.0 ATTENDANCE

4.1 A student shall be eligible to write University examinations if he

acquires a minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the

subjects.4.2 Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10%

(65% and above and below 75%) in each semester shall be

granted by the College Academic Committee.

4.3 Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall not be

condoned.

4.4 Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned inany semester are not eligible to write their end semester

examination of that class.

4.5 A prescribed fee shall be payable towards condonation of

shortage of attendance.

4.6 A student shall not be promoted to the next semester unless he

satisfies the attendance requirement of the present semester, asapplicable. They may seek readmission into that semester when

offered next. If any candidate fulfills the attendance requirement

in the present semester, he shall not be eligible for readmission

into the same class.

5.0 EVALUATIONThe performance of the candidate in each semester shall be evaluated

subject-wise, with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 100 marks for

practicals, on the basis of Internal Evaluation and End Semester Examination.

5.1 For the theory subjects 60 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester Examination and 40 marks

shall be awarded based on the Internal Evaluation. The internal

evaluation shall be made based on the averageof the marks

secured in the two Mid Term-Examinations conducted-one in

the middle of the Semester and the other immediately after the

completion of instruction. Each mid term examination shall be

conducted for a total duration of 120 minutes with 4 questions

(without choice) each question for 10 marks. End semester

examination is conducted for 60 marks for 5 questions to be

answered out of 8 questions.


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5.2 For practical subjects, 60 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester Examinations and 40 marks

shall be awarded based on the day-to-day performance as

Internal Marks.

5.3 There shall be two seminar presentations during III semester

and IV semester. For seminar, a student under the supervision

of a faculty member, shall collect the literature on a topic and

critically review the literature and submit it to the department in

a report form and shall make an oral presentation before the

Project Review Committee consisting of Head of the Department,Supervisor and two other senior faculty members of the

department. For each Seminar there will be only internal

evaluation of 50 marks. A candidate has to secure a minimum of

50% of marks to be declared successful.

5.4 A candidate shall be deemed to have secured the minimum

academic requirement in a subject if he secures a minimum of40% of marks in the End semester Examination and a minimum

aggregate of 50% of the total marks in the End Semester

Examination and Internal Evaluation taken together.

5.5 In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic

requirement in any subject (as specified in 5.4) he has to reappear

for the End semester Examination in that subject. A candidateshall be given one chance to re-register for each subject provided

the internal marks secured by a candidate are less than 50% and

has failed in the end examination. In such a case, the candidate

must re-register for the subject(s) and secure the required

minimum attendance. The candidates attendance in the re-

registered subject(s) shall be calculated separately to decideupon his eligibility for writing the end examination in those

subject(s). In the event of the student taking another chance,

his internal marks and end examination marks obtained in the

previous attempt stand cancelled. For re-registration the

candidates have to apply to the University through the college

by paying the requisite fees and get approval from the

University before the start of the semester in which re-

registration is required.


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5.6 In case the candidate secures less than the required attendance

in any re registered subject (s), he shall not be permitted to

write the End Examination in that subject. He shall again re-

register the subject when next offered.5.7 Laboratory examination for M. Tech. courses must be conducted

with two Examiners, one of them being the Laboratory Class

Teacher or teacher of the respective college and the second

examiner shall be appointed by the university from the panel of

examiners submitted by the respective college.

6.0 EVALUATION OF PROJECT/DISSERTATION WORK

Every candidate shall be required to submit a thesis or dissertation

on a topic approved by the Project Review Committee.

6.1 A Project Review Committee (PRC) shall be constituted with

Head of the Department and two other senior faculty members.

6.2 Registration of Project Work: A candidate is permitted to register

for the project work after satisfying the attendance requirement

of all the subjects, both theory and practical.

6.3 After satisfying 6.2, a candidate has to submit, in consultation

with his project supervisor, the title, objective and plan of action

of his project work for approval. The student can initiate the

Project work, only after obtaining the approval from the Project

Review Committee (PRC).

6.4 If a candidate wishes to change his supervisor or topic of the

project, he can do so with the approval of the Project Review

Committee (PRC). However, the Project Review Committee (PRC)

shall examine whether or not the change of topic/supervisorleads to a major change of his initial plans of project proposal.

If yes, his date of registration for the project work starts from

the date of change of Supervisor or topic as the case may be.

6.5 A candidate shall submit his status report in two stages at least

with a gap of 3 months between them.

6.6 The work on the project shall be initiated at the beginning ofthe II year and the duration of the project is two semesters. A

candidate is permitted to submit Project Thesis only after


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successful completion of theory and practical course with the

approval of PRC not earlier than 40 weeks from the date of

registration of the project work. The candidate has to pass all

the theory and practical subjects before submission of theThesis.

6.7 Three copies of the Project Thesis certified by the supervisor

shall be submitted to the College/School/Institute.

6.8 The thesis shall be adjudicated by one examiner selected by the

University. For this, the Principal of the College shall submit a

panel of 5 examiners, eminent in that field, with the help of theguide concerned and head of the department.

6.9 If the report of the examiner is not favourable, the candidate

shall revise and resubmit the Thesis, in the time frame as decided

by the PRC. If the report of the examiner is unfavorable again,

the thesis shall be summarily rejected. The candidate has to re-

register for the project and complete the project within the

stipulated time after taking the approval from the University.

6.10 If the report of the examiner is favourable, Viva-Voce examination

shall be conducted by a board consisting of the Supervisor,

Head of the Department and the examiner who adjudicated the

Thesis. The Board shall jointly report the candidates work as

one of the following:

A. Excellent

B. Good

C. Satisfactory

D. Unsatisfactory

The Head of the Department shall coordinate and make arrangements

for the conduct of Viva-Voce examination.

6.11 If the report of the Viva-Voce is unsatisfactory, the candidate

shall retake the Viva-Voce examination only after three months.

If he fails to get a satisfactory report at the second Viva-Voce

examination, the candidate has to re-register for the project andcomplete the project within the stipulated time after taking the

approval from the University.


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7.0 AWARD OF DEGREE AND CLASS

After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the

completion of the program and is eligible for the award of M. Tech. Degree

he shall be placed in one of the following four classes:Class Awarded % of marks to be secured

First Class with Distinction 70% and above (Without any

Supplementary Appearance )

First Class Below 70% but not less than 60%

70% and above (With any

Supplementary Appearance )Second Class Below 60% but not less than 50%

The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shown

separately in the memorandum of marks.

8.0 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS

If the student has not paid the dues, if any, to the university or if anycase of indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the student will be

withheld. His degree will be withheld in such cases.

4.0 TRANSITORY REGULATIONS ( for R09 )

9.1 Discontinued or detained candidates are eligible for re-

admission into same or equivalent subjects at a time as and

when offered.9.2 The candidate who fails in any subject will be given two

chances to pass the same subject; otherwise, he has to identify

an equivalent subject as per R13 academic regulations.

10. GENERAL

10.1 Wherever the words he, him, his, occur in the

regulations, they include she, her, hers.

10.2 The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the

purpose of any interpretation.

10.3 In the case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of

the above rules, the decision of the Vice-Chancellor is final.

10.4 The University may change or amend the academic regulations

or syllabi at any time and the changes or amendments made

shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the

dates notified by the University.


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MALPRACTICES RULESDISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR / IMPROPER CONDUCT IN

EXAMINATIONS

If the candidate:

Nature of Malpractices/Improper conduct

Punishment

1. (a) Possesses or keeps accessible

in examination hall, any paper,

note book, programmable

calculators, Cell phones, pager,palm computers or any other

form of material concerned

with or related to the subject

of the examination (theory or

practical) in which he is

appearing but has not made

use of (material shall include

any marks on the body of the

candidate which can be used

as an aid in the subject of the

examination)

(b) Gives assistance or guidance

or receives it from any other

candidate orally or by any

other body language methods

or communicates through cell

phones with any candidate or

persons in or outside the exam

hall in respect of any matter.

2. Has copied in the examination

hall from any paper, book,

programmable calculators,

palm computers or any otherform of material relevant to the

subject of the examination

Expulsion from the examination hall

and cancellation of the

performance in that subject only.



performance in that subject only of

all the candidates involved. In case

of an outsider, he will be handed

over to the police and a case is

registered against him.



performance in that subject and all

other subjects the candidate hasalready appeared including

practical examinations and project


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work and shall not be permitted to

appear for the remaining

examinations of the subjects of that

Semester/year. The Hall Ticket of

the candidate is to be cancelled

and sent to the University.

The candidate who has

impersonated shall be expelled from

examination hall. The candidate is

also debarred and forfeits the seat.

The performance of the original

candidate who has been

impersonated, shall be cancelled in

all the subjects of the examination

(including practicals and project

work) already appeared and shall

not be allowed to appear for

examinations of the remaining

subjects of that semester/year. The

candidate is also debarred for two

consecutive semesters from classwork and all University

examinations. The continuation of

the course by the candidate is

subject to the academic regulations

in connection with forfeiture of

seat. If the imposter is an outsider,he will be handed over to the police

and a case is registered against him.


and cancellation of performance in

that subject and all the other

subjects the candidate has alreadyappeared including practical

examinations and project work and

(theory or practical) in which

the candidate is appearing.

3. Impersonates any other

candidate in connection with

the examination.

4. Smuggles in the Answer book

or additional sheet or takes out

or arranges to send out the

question paper during theexamination or answer book or

additional sheet, during or after


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shall not be permitted for the

remaining examinations of the


candidate is also debarred for twoconsecutive semesters from class

work and all University




in connection with forfeiture of seat.

Cancellation of the performance in

that subject.

In case of students of the college,

they shall be expelled from

examination halls and cancellation of

their performance in that subject and

all other subjects the candidate(s)

has (have) already appeared and

shall not be permitted to appear for

the remaining examinations of the


candidates also are debarred and

forfeit their seats. In case ofoutsiders, they will be handed over

to the police and a police case is

registered against them.

the examination.

5. Uses objectionable, abusive or

offensive language in the

answer paper or in letters to the

examiners or writes to the

examiner requesting him to

award pass marks.

6. Refuses to obey the orders of

the Chief Superintendent/

Assistant Superintendent /

any officer on duty or

misbehaves or creates

disturbance of any kind in and

around the examination hall or

organizes a walk out or

instigates others to walk out,

or threatens the officer-in

charge or any person on dutyin or outside the examination

hall of any injury to his person

or to any of his relations

whether by words, either

spoken or written or by signs

or by visible representation,assaults the officer-in-charge,

or any person on duty in or


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and cancellation of performance inthat subject and all the other

subjects the candidate has already

appeared including practical

examinations and project work and

shall not be permitted for the

remaining examinations of thesubjects of that semester/year. The

candidate is also debarred for two

consecutive semesters from class

work and all University




in connection with forfeiture of seat.


and cancellation of the performance

in that subject and all other subjects

the candidate has already appeared

including practical examinationsand project work and shall not be

permitted for the remaining

outside the examination hall or

any of his relations, or

indulges in any other act of

misconduct or mischief which

result in damage to or

destruction of property in the

examination hall or any part of

the College campus or

engages in any other act which

in the opinion of the officer on

duty amounts to use of unfairmeans or misconduct or has

the tendency to disrupt the

orderly conduct of the

examination.

7. Leaves the exam hall taking

away answer script orintentionally tears of the script

or any part thereof inside or

outside the examination hall.

8. Possess any lethal weapon or

firearm in the examination hall.


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9. If student of the college, who

is not a candidate for the

particular examination or any

person not connected with the

college indulges in any

malpractice or improper

conduct mentioned in clause 6

to 8.

10. Comes in a drunken condition

to the examination hall.

11. Copying detected on the basis

of internal evidence, such as,

during valuation or during

special scrutiny.

12. If any malpractice is detected

which is not covered in the

above clauses 1 to 11 shall bereported to the University for further action

to award suitable punishment.

examinations of the subjects of that

semester/year. The candidate is

also debarred and forfeits the seat.

Student of the colleges expulsion

from the examination hall and

cancellation of the performance in

that subject and all other subjects

the candidate has already appeared

including practical examinations

and project work and shall not be

permitted for the remainingexaminations of the subjects of that

semester/year. The candidate is also

debarred and forfeits the seat.

Person(s) who do not belong to the

College will be handed over to police

and, a police case will be registeredagainst them.



performance in that subject and all

other subjects the candidate has

already appeared including

practical examinations and project

work and shall not be permitted for

the remaining examinations of the

subjects of that semester/year.

Cancellation of the performance in

that subject and all other subjects

the candidate has appeared

including practical examinations

and project work of that semester/

year examinations.


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Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators

1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.

2. Punishment for institutions : (if the squad reports that the college is

also involved in encouraging malpractices)(i) A show cause notice shall be issued to the college.

(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.

(iii) Shifting the examination centre from the college to another

college for a specific period of not less than one year.


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KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)

For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Prohibition of ragging in educational institutions Act 26 of 1997

RaggingSalient Features

Ragging within or outside any educational institution is prohibited.

Ragging means doing an act which causes or is likely to cause Insult

or Annoyance of Fear or Apprehension or Threat or Intimidation or

outrage of modesty or Injury to a student

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

Imprisonment upto Fine Upto

Teasing,

Embarrassing and

Humiliation

Assaulting or

Using Criminal

force or Criminal

intimidation

Wrongfully

restraining or

confining or

causing hurt

Causing grievoushurt, kidnapping

or Abducts or rape

or committing

unnatural offence

Causing death or

abetting suicide

6 Months

1 Year

2 Years

5 Years

10 Months

+ Rs. 1,000/-

+ Rs. 2,000/-

+ Rs. 5,000/-

+ Rs.10,000/-

+ Rs. 50,000/-

In Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

LET US MAKE JNTUK A RAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY


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KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Ragging

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

ABSOLUTELY

NO TO RAGGING

1. Ragging is prohibited as per Act 26 of A.P. Legislative Assembly,1997.

2. Ragging entails heavy fines and/or imprisonment.

3. Ragging invokes suspension and dismissal from the College.

4. Outsiders are prohibited from entering the College and Hostel without

permission.5. Girl students must be in their hostel rooms by 7.00 p.m.

6. All the students must carry their Identity Card and show them when

demanded

7. The Principal and the Wardens may visit the Hostels and inspect the

rooms any time.

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada

For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

In Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

LET US MAKE JNTUK A RAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY


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I SEMESTER

S.No Name of the Subject L P C

1 Microbial Technology 4 3

2 Bio separation Technology 4 3 3 Bioprocess Engineering 4 3

4 Bioinformatics 4 3

5 Recombinant DNA Technology 4 3

6 Immunotechnology 4 3

7 Immunology & bio separation Lab 3 2

Total 20

II SEMESTER

S. No Subject L P C

1 Plant biotechnology & Animal Biotechnology 4 3

2 Metabolic Engineering 4 3

3 Molecular Modeling and Drug Design 4 3

4 Bioreactor design 4 3

5 Stem cell Technology 4 3

6 Elective 4 3

Biopharmaceutical Technology

Food Biotechnology

Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Trials

Cancer Biology

Nano Biotechnology

7 DNA technology & Bio informatics lab 3 2

Total 20

III SEMESTER

S. No.Subject L P C1 Seminar I 2

2 Project Work - I 18

Total 20

IV SEMESTER

S. No.Subject L P C

1 Seminar II 2

2 Project Work - II 18

Total 20

Course Structure


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SYLLABUS

I I L P Credits

4 - 3

MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY

UNIT -I

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Principles, Morphology & Cell structure of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

(Bacteria, fungi, algae and viruses, etc.); different culture techniques,

isolation & preservation methods, characteristics of selected group of

microbes, microbial nutrition and growth, growth measurements

techniques, transformation, conjugation & transduction in microbial

systems. Kinetics of microbial and product formation.

UNIT -II

IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMSImprovement of industrial microorganisms by selection and mutation,

importance of genetic engineering in Microbial Biotechnology. Basic

concepts for design of a new protein/enzyme molecule, Design and

construction of novel proteins and enzymes, Visualization and

interpretation of protein structure. Site directed mutagenesis for specific

protein function-Specific examples of enzyme engineering.UNIT III

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Major categories of industrial products (viz. alcohol, organic acids,

enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, surfactants, polymers, microbial

biomass, etc.) Production of organic solvents (Beer, Wine), Production

of fermented foods ( Cheese, Yoghurt), Production of organic acids(Citric acid, Acetic acid and lactic acid), Production of Amino acids

(Glutamic acid and Lysine), Production of antibiotics (beta-lactams-

Penicillins and Macrolids-erythromycin). Production of IFN, Interleukin,

HGF, Vaccines-Production of various vaccines, microbial pathogenecity,

Bioassays.

UNIT-IV

ENZYME & BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS

Kinetics and mechanism of enzyme action, Major biochemical pathways


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(Assimilatory, dissimilatory & secondary pathways), Production

technology (Solid and liquid phase fermentation, batch and continuous

fermentation).

UNIT-VENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Bioleaching, Xenobiotic compounds, Bioremediation, Biostimulation,

Bioaugmentation, Bioabsorption, and Phytoremediation.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Glazer, A.N. and Nikaido, Microbial biotechnology, 2ndedition Cambridge

University Press, 2007

2. Wulf Creuger & Anneliese Creuger, A Textbook of Industrial

Microbiology, 2ndedition, Sinauer, 1990

3. A. K. Chatterjee, Environmental Biotechnology, 2ndedition, Prentice

Hall, 2007

4. Indu Shekhar Thakur, Environmental Biotechnology: Basic conceptsand applications, 2ndedition, I K International Publishing House, 2011.

5. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic concepts, 2nd

ed. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

6. Doran Pauline M, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press,

1995.

7. Stanbury, P.F., Stephen J. Hall & A. Whitaker, Principles of Fermentation

Technology, Science and Technology Books.

REFERENCES:

1. Foster C.F., John Ware D.A., Environmental Biotechnology, Ellis

Horwood Ltd.,1987.

2. Prescott and Dunn, Microbiology, 8thedition, McGraw Hill, Inc, 2010.

3. A. H. Patel, Industrial Microbiology, MacMillan Publishers, 1984.

4. Blanch, H.W., Clark, D.S. Biochemical Engineering, Marcel Dekker, 1997.

5. Lee, James M. Biochemical Engineering, PHI, USA.

6. Bailey J.E. & Ollis, D.F. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd

Ed., McGraw Hill, 1986.

7. Wiseman, Alan. Hand Book of Enzyme Biotechnology, 3rded., Ellis

Harwood 1995.


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4 - 3

BIO-SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION

Basic concepts of Bio-separation Technology, Separation characteristics

of proteins and enzymes size, stability, properties; purification

methodologies Characteristics of bio-products; Flocculation and

conditioning of broth. Overview of reaction processes involved inseparation, numerical examples illustrating the process.

UNIT 2 : MECHANICAL SEPARATION

Mechanical separation processes, Cell disruption techniques,

Centrifugal and cross-flow filtration, Centrifugation: basic principles,

design characteristics; ultracentrifuges: principles and applications.

UNIT 3 : TWO PHASE SEPARATION

Techniques Involved in Separation Processes Foam-fractionation;

Solvent extraction of bio-processes, aqueous two-phase extraction,

distillation, adsorption-desorption process; Salt precipitation.

UNIT 4 : CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS

Gelfiltration chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography,

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, reverse phase

chromatography, Affinity chromatography & different types, Expanded

bed chromatography. Scaleup criteria for chromatography, inhibitors:

their preparation and uses, method of linkages, Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel), horizontal and vertical type methods.

UNIT 5 : MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS

Filtration at constant pressure and at constant rate. Empirical equations

for batch and continuous filtration, Membrane based separation

processes Micro-filtration, Reverse osmosis, Ultrafiltration and affinityultrafiltration, concentration polarization, rejection, flux. Expression,

membrane modules, dead-ended and cross-flow mode, Industrial


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aspects of separation of bio-molecules, Material balances, mathematical

analysis and modeling.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. M. L Shuler and F. Kargi., Bioprocess Engineering, 2ndedition, PrenticeHall Inc., 2008.

2. Keith Wilson and John Walker, Practical BiochemistryPrinciples and

Techniques, Cambridge, 5thEd.2000

3. Richardson, J.F., Peacock, D.G,Coulson & Richardsons Chemical

Engineering Volume 3 (Chemical and Biochemical Reactors andprocess controls), 1st Indian ed. Asian Books Pvt. Ltd. 1998.

4. Bailey & oils, Biochemical Engg. Fundamentals, 2ndedition McGraw-

Hill, 2010

5. Geankoplis, C.J. Transport Processes and Unit Operations Prentice

Hall of (I) 4rd ed. Prentice Hall 2003.

6. Mukhopadhyay, S.N. Process Biotechnology Fundamentals,3rdedition

Viva Books Pvt. Ltd. 2010.

REFERENCES:

1. Perry, Chilton & Green, Chemical Engineers Handbook,1st edition

McGraw-Hill 19982. Ho, W.S.W. and K. K. Sirkar, Membrane Handbook,1stedition Van

Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y. (1992).


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4 - 3

BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

An overview of traditional and modern applications of biotechnology

industry, outline of an integrated bioprocess and the various (upstream

and downstream) unit operations involved in bioprocesses, generalized

process flow sheets. Characteristic properties of biological fluids,

Principles and mechanisms of thermal stabilization by filtration, single

and multiple bubbles aeration. On-ideality and RTD in Bioreactors,

Analysis of multiple interacting microbial populations.

UNIT II

MEDIA DESIGN & STERILIZATION

Medium requirements for fermentation processes, Carbon, nitrogen,

minerals, vitamins and other complex nutrients, oxygen requirements,

medium formulation for optimal growth and product formation, examples

of simple and complex media, design and usage of various commercial

media for industrial fermentations, surface methodology, response

surface methodology, Plackett Burman Designs, Thermal death kinetics

of microorganisms, batch and continuous heatsterilization, sterilization

of liquid media, filter sterilization of liquid media, Air. Design of

sterilization equipment.

UNIT -III

MONITORING OF BIOREACTORS

On and off-line sensors for a modern bioreactor, integrated systems of

bioreaction, bioseparation biosensors,Characteristics of bio products;

Flocculation and conditioning of broth; Mechanical separation;

filtration, centrifugation and membrane based separation; cell

disruption.


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UNIT IV

RHEOLOGY

Unit operation and process in the Chemical Industry, Fluid statics and

Dynamics, Bernoullis equation, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids,materials and energy. Balance on reactive and non-reactive systems,

principles of momentum, heat and mass transfer.

UNIT -V

STABILITY ANALYSIS

Stability analysis; Stability of recombinant cells; Physiology of

immobilized cells; Packed-bed reactors; Fluidized-bed bioreactors; Air-

lift bioreactors; Bubble-column bioreactors; Immobilized-enzyme

bioreactors; Special reactors for animal and plant cells.

TEXTS BOOKS:

1. M. L Shuler and F. Kargi., Bioprocess Engineering, 2ndedition, Prentice

Hall Inc., 2002.

2. P.M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles,2ndedition, acadamic

press, 2012.

3. P. B. Kaufman, L. J. Cseke, S. Warler, J. A. Duke, and H. L. Brielmann,

Natural Products from Plants, CRC Press LLC, 1999.

REFERENCES:

1. H. J. Rehm and G. Reed, Biotechnology-A multi- Volume Comprehensive

Treatise, 2/e, Vol 6, Wiley-VCH, 1997

2. M. Moo-Young, Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 4, 1

st

editionPergamon Press, 1985.

3. F. Dicosmo and M. Missawa, Plant Cell Culture Secondary Metabolism:

Towards Industrial Application. CRC LLC, 1996.


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BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Genomic data and Data Organization: Sequence Data

Banks Introduction to sequence data banks protein sequence databank, NBRF-PIR, SWISSPROT, Signal peptide data bank, Nucleic acid

sequence data bank GenBank, EMBL nucleotide sequence data bank,

AIDS virus sequence data bank.

UNIT -II

PROTEIN STRUCTURE PREDICTION

Fold libraries, Protein folding Fold recognition (threading), Protein

structure predictions : Comparative modeling (Homology), Advanced

topics, Protein ligand interactions, Molecular Modeling & Dynamics,

Secondary Structure predictions, prediction algorithms, Chao-Fausman

algorithm, Hidden-Markov model, Neural Networking, Tertiary Structure

predictions, prediction algorithsms, Chao-Fausman algorithm.UNIT -III

PROTEOMICS

Introduction to proteomics and protein engineering - Protein pre-

fractionation and sample preparation - Two dimensional electrophoresis

(2-D PAGE)- Protein identification Post translational modification,

Proteome analysis: The impact of stable isotope labeling: Sample

preparation, 2-D gel separation and analysis, Mass spectrometry:

protein identification using MS data, Gel matching, Protein chips and

applications. Functional Proteomics tools.

UNIT -IV

GENOMICS

Functional Genomics and analysis of gene expression- Reverse

genetics, Comparing transcriptomes- subtractive hybridization,


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differential display, SAGE, Microarrays Genetic diseases in humans,

Human Genome project, Genetic counseling, Genetics and society.

Functional genomics tools, Functional Genomes-Pharmacogentics-

Genomics in relation to molecular Diagnosis -Molecular Therapeutictechnologies, Genomics in Biopharmaceutical Industry.

UNIT-V

PHYLOGENY

Phylogeny: Concepts of systematic, Molecular evolution, Definition

and Different types of phylogenetic trees, Dendograms and

interpretations, phylogenetic analysis.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Lesk, Introduction to Bio Informatics, 3rdedition, OUP Oxford, 2008.

2. Attwood, Introduction to Bioinformatics, 1stedition, Pearson Education,

2007.

REFERENCES:

1 H.D. Kumar, Molecular Biology,2nd edition, Vikas Publishing House

pvt ltd, 1997

2 B.Alberts,D.Bray, J.Lewis et al, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5thedition

Garland Pub. N.Y, 2010.

3 S.Sahai, Genomics and Proteomics, Functional and Computational

Aspects, 1stedition, Plenum Publications, 1999.


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4 - 3

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

BASIC CONCEPTS AND CLONING VECTORS IN GENETIC

ENGINEERING

Restriction Enzymes, DNA ligase, Klenow enzyme, T4 DNA polymerase,

Polynucleotide kinase, Alkaline phosphatase; Labeling of DNA: Nick

translation, Random priming. Plasmids, Bacteriophages, M13 mp

vectors, PUC19 , Phagemids, Lambda vectors, Cosmids, Artificial

chromosome vectors (YACs; BACs), Animal Virus derived vectors-SV-

40, Plant based vectors: Ti as vectors, Yeast vectors, Shuttle vectors.

UNIT -II

CLONINGMETHODOLOGIES

Ligation techniques: Cohesive and blunt end ligation; Linkers,

Adaptors, Homopolymeric tailing, Southwestern and Far-western

cloning, Gene transfer techniques : Cacl2 transformation,

Electroporation, liposome mediated transformation, Microinjection,Biolistic method. Selection of clones, Blue white screening, Colony in-

situ hybridization, insertional Inactivation, Eukaryotic Screening:

Thymidine kinase method, green fluorescent protein, Construction of

libraries: c DNA and genomic libraries, cDNA and genomic cloning,

Jumping /hopping libraries, Protein-protein interactive cloning and

Yeast two hybrid system.

UNIT -III

MANIPULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION ANDHYBRIDIZATION

TECHNIQUES

Promoter Selection, Ribosomal Binding Sites, Translational signals,

Fusion Proteins, Codon Selection, O2 stress,tandem repeats,protein

folding,metabolic load, Protein purification, His-tag, GST-tag, Inclusion

bodies-Methodologies to reduce formation of inclusion bodies,


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Northern, Southern, Western Blotting, Fluorescence in situ,

hybridization,Heterologous protein production in eukaryotes-

vectors,markers,promoters.

UNIT -IV

PCR AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Types of PCR multiplex, nested, reverse transcriptase, real time PCR,

hot start PCR, colony PCR, cloning of PCR products, PCR in gene

recombination, Deletion; addition, PCR in molecular diagnostics, Viral

and bacterial detection, PCR based, mutagenesis, Mutation detection:SSCP, DGGE, RFLP, Oligo Ligation Assay (OLA), MCC (Mismatch

Chemical Cleavage, ASA (Allele-Specific Amplification), PTT (Protein

Truncation Test).

UNIT-V

SEQUENCING METHODSAND GENE TECHNOLOGIESDNA sequencing chemical cleavage and Sangers dideoxy methods,

Automated DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, Site-specific and

oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, genetic diagnosis. DNA finger

printing and their applications, gene therapy: Somatic cell gene therapy,

Germline Gene therapy.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. B. R. Glick and J. J. Pasternak, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles

and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 3rdEdition, ASM Press,2003.

2. S. Primrose, R. Twyman, B. Old, and G. Bertola, Principles of Gene

Manipulation and Genomics, ,7thEdition, Blackwel PublishingLimited,

2006.

REFERENCES:

1. B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K and R. P. Walter, Molecular

Biology of the Cell, 4thEdition, Garland, 2002.

2. J. Hammond, P. Mc Garvey and V. Yusibov, Plant Biotechnology: NewProducts and Applications, 1stedition,Springer,1999.


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4 - 3

IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT -I

IMMUNOLOGY- FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND ANATOMY OF

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Components of innate and acquired immunity, Hematopoiesis, Organs

and cells of the immune system, Phagocytosis, Inflammatoryresponses, Immunoglobulins-basic structure, classes and subclasses

of immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Immunoglobulin

gene organization and Generation of antibody diversity.

UNIT -II

ANTIGENS AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Antigens and Immunogens, Factors affecting immunogenicity, Haptens

and Adjuvants, B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, B-cell

receptor, T-cell maturation, activation and differentiation and T-cell

receptors. Major Histocompatibility Complex - MHC genes, Antigen

processing and presentation- endogenous, antigens, exogenous

antigens, non-peptide bacterial antigens and super-antigens.

UNIT-III

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY INTERACTIONS

Affinity and Avidity, Precipitation, agglutination, Advanced

immunological techniques - RIA, ELISA, Western blotting, ELISPOTassay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoelectron

microscopy, Cytokines-properties, receptors and therapeutic uses,

Complement System.

UNIT -IV

VACCINE TECHNOLOGY

Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines, Role recombinant DNA and

protein based vaccines, plant-based vaccines, reverse vaccinology,


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Peptide vaccines, conjugate vaccines, Hybridoma technology-

Production of monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering- chimeric,

humanized antibodies, Phage Display library.

UNIT-V

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Hypersensitivity Types, Autoimmunity- Types of autoimmune

diseases, Treatment of autoimmune diseases, Transplantation

Immunological basis of graft rejection, Clinical transplantation and

immunosuppressive therapy, Tumor immunology Tumor antigens,Immune response to tumors and tumor evasion of the immune system,

Cancer immunotherapy, Immunodeficiency-Primary

immunodeficiencys, Acquired or secondary immunodeficiencys.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Peter J. Delves , Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt

Essential Immunology, 12 edition , Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

2. Judy Owen , Jenni Punt , Sharon Stranford , Kuby Immunology, 7th

Edition, W. H. Freeman, 2013.

3. Kuby, RA Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara, A. Osborne Immunology,

6th Edition, Freeman, 2002.4. Brostoff J, Seaddin JK, Male D, Roitt IM., Clinical Immunology, 6th

Edition, Gower Medical Publishing, 2002.

5. Janeway et al., Immunobiology; 8 edition, Garland Science, 2011.

6. William E. Paul, Fundamental of Immunology, 7th edition, Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 2012.7. A. K. Chakravarthy, Immunology& Immunotechnology, 1st edition,

Oxford University Press, 2006.

REFERENCES:

1. Benjamin E and Leskowitz S, ELISA Immunological Techniques, 5edition,

Wiley-Liss, 2003.2. Abul Abbas and Lichman , Cellular Molecular Immunology; 1stedition;

Saunders, 2011.


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- 3 2

IMMUNOLOGY & BIOSEPARATION LAB

1. Bleeding, Serum separation, Storage.

2. Antibody titre by ELISA method.

3. Double diffusion, Immuno-electrophoresis and Radial Immuno diffusion.

4. Blood smear identification of leucocytes by Giemsa stain

5. WIDAL Test

6. latex agglutination

7. Monoclonal antibody production/ IgG Purification from serum/ IgY

Purification from Chicken egg.

8. SDS-PAGE.

9. Extraction of proteins by Two-phase separation (PEG 3000 & Ammonium

sulphate or Organic solvents)

10. Dialysis.

11. Ion exchange chromatography.

12. Gel filtration chromatography.


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4 - 3

PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I :

INTRODUCTION

Introduction of plant tissue culture and cell suspension culture,

physico-chemical conditions for propagation of plant cells and tissues,

composition of media, nutrient and hormone requirement, continuous

culture, techniques for immobilization of plant cells, continuous product

recovery system using immobilized plant cell system.

UNIT - II

DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS.

Transfer of nucleic acid to plant cells

Direct transformation by electroporation and particle gun bombardment.

Agrobacterium, Ti plasmid vector conferring resistance to herbicide,

pesticide, plant pathogens Theory and techniques for the development

of new genetic traits,. Plant engineering towards development of

enriched food products, plant growth regulators, Molecular pharming.biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (e.g. serpentine, shinkonin,) in

plants.

UNIT -III

APPLICATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS.

Metabolic products produced by in vitro culturing of plant cells,

selection of plant cells/tissues for the production of a specific product,

Culture system in secondary plant product biosynthesis-batch

continuous cultures and immobilized plant cells, iotransformation of

precursors by cell culturing.

UNIT- IV

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Scope of Animal Biotechnology, Transgenic animals,Vectors used in

development of transgenic animals, transfection mechansisms,


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Expression of heterologous genes, Gene therapy-prospects and

problems; Knockout mice and mice model for human genetic disorder,

Baculo virus in biocontrol, Somatic manipulation of DNA, Animal

Biotechnology for production of regulatory proteins, blood products,vaccines, hormones and other therapeutic proteins.

UNIT-V

ANIMAL CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGY

Culturing of cells, primary and secondary cell lines, Cell culture-Scaling

up of animal cell culture-monolayer culture, suspension culture, Various

bio-reactors used for animal cell culture-Roller bottle culture; Bioreactor

process control, stirred animal cell culture, Air-lift fermentor, Chemostat/

Turbidostat, High technology vaccines, Hybridoma technology, Cell

lines and their applications.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. C. Chawla, Plant Biotechnology, 1stedition, Oxford and IBH, 2004.

2. Glick, B.R. and Pasternack, J.J. Molecular Biotechnology, 3rded., ASM

Press, 2003.

3. Sandy B. Primrose , Richard M. Twyman , Robert W. Old, Principles of

Gene Manipulation, 6thedition, Wiley-Blackewell, 2002.

4. Freshney R.I. Animal Cell Culture- a practical approach, 6thedition,

Wiley-Blackwell 1987.

5. Watson, J.D., Gilman, M, Witowski J.and Zoller, M, Recombinant DNA,

2nd ed, Scientific American Books, 1983.

6. Ed. John R.W Masters, Animal Cell Culture - Practical Approach, 3rd

Edition, Oxford University Press, 2000.

7. Ed. Martin, Clynes Animal Cell Culture Techniques, 1stedition, Springer,1998.

8. Thorpe, T.A, Plant Tissue Culture methods and application in

agriculture, 1stedition, Academic Press, 1981.

REFERENCES

1. Lewin, B. Genes VIII ,1st

edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.2. Davis J.M. Basic Cell Culture: A Practical Approach,2ndedition, IRL

Press, 1998.


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4 - 3

METABOLIC ENGINEERING

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

Basic concepts of Metabolic Engineering, Overview of cellular

metabolism, Different models for cellular reactions, induction , JacobMonod model and its regulation, Differential regulation by enzymes,

Feed back regulation, Feed back repression, Catabolite Repression,

optimization and control of metabolic activities. metabolic pathway

manipulations to improve fermentation, The modification of existing -

or the introduction of entirely new - metabolic pathways.

UNIT -II

PRIMARY METABOLITES

Amino acid synthesis pathways and its regulation at enzyme level and

whole cell level, Alteration of feed back regulation, Limiting

accumulation of end products. Engineering for L-Lysine Production

by Corynebacterium glutamicum-Metabolic Engineering of Pentose

Metabolism for Ethanol Production

UNIT -III

SECONDARY METABOLITES

Regulation of secondary metabolite pathways, precursor effects,

prophase, idiophase relationship, Catabolite regulation by passing

control of secondary metabolism, producers of secondary metabolites,

applications of secondary metabolites in pharmaceutical industries,

food, agriculture.

UNIT IV

MATERIAL BALANCES AND DATA CONSISTENCY

Material Balances and Data Consistency: Comprehensive models of

cellular reactions; stoichiometry of cellular reactions, reaction rates,

dynamic mass balances, yield coefficients and linear rate equations,


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analysis of over determined systems- identification of gross

measurement errors

UNIT-V

METABOLIC FLUX

Metabolic Flux Analysis: Theory and applications - metabolic flux

analysis of citric acid fermentation, Experimental determination method

of flux distribution, optimization and control of metabolic flux,

Integrating Methodologies of Molecular Breeding and bioprocess

systems engineering, Fundamentals of Metabolic control analysis:

Control coefficients and the Summation Theorems, Elasticity

Coefficients and the Connectivity Theorems, Generalization of MCA

Theorems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Wang.D.I.C Cooney C.L., Demain A.L., Dunnil.P. Humphrey A.E. Lilly

M.D., Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, 1stedition John Wileyand sons 1980.

2. Stanbury P.F., and Whitaker A., Principles of Fermentation Technology,

2nded,Butterworth-heinemann, 1999.

REFERENCES :

1. Yu Matsuoka and Kazuyuki Shimizu 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis and

Metabolic Regulation, Chemical Biology, 1stEd, Woodhead Publishing

2013.

2. David T. Dennis, David B. Layzell, Daniel D. Lefebvre, David H. Turpin,

Plant Metabolism 2ndedition Prentice Hall College, 1997.


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4 - 3

MOLECULAR MODELING AND DRUG DESIGN

UNIT I:

MODELLING OF SMALL MOLECULES

Quantum chemistry for Modeling of small molecules: Variation method

and Time independent Perturbation theory, Ab initio methods for

molecules: Hartree-Fock SCF method. Common basis sets. Introduction

to semi-empirical methods: Huckel molecular orbital theory, Pariser-

Parr-Pople method. CNDO, AM1 and PM3.

UNIT II

MOLECULAR MODELING

Force fields for molecular modeling: Choice of functional form,

Parametrization of a force field, Anharmonicity, Distributed multipole

and polarizable force fields, The hydrogen bond, Hydrophobic effect

and solvation energy, Potentials of mean force.

UNIT IIICONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS

Geometry optimization using steepest descent and conjugate gradients.

Distance geometry. Monte-carlo simulation, Molecular dynamics and

simulated annealing, Prediction of transmembrane segments in

membrane proteins.

UNIT IV

LIGAND BASED DRUG DESIGN

Principles of ligand based drug design: SAR, QSAR and 3D-QSAR,

Partial least squares and Molecular field analysis (COMFA). 3D-

pharmacophores, Deriving 3D pharmacophores -Constrainedsystematic search, Ensemble distance geometry, Ensemble molecular

dynamics, genetic algorithms, clique detection, maximum likelihood.


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UNIT V

RECEPTOR BASED DRUG DESIGN

Principles of receptor based de novo ligand design, Computational

methods for identification of plausible binding sites, Molecular Docking-rigid body and flexible docking, Receptor based de novo ligand design.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Andrew R. Leach, Molecular modeling-Principles and applications, 2nd

Ed. Prentice Hall,2007.

2. P. Atkins and R. Friedman, Molecular quantum mechanics, 4th Ed,

Oxford University Press, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. P.E. Bourne and H.Weissig, Structural Bioinformatics, 1stEd, Wiley-

liss, 2003.2. Poul Krogsgaard-Larsen et al. Textbook of drug design and discovery,

1stEd, Taylor and Francis publishers, 2002.


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4 - 3

BIOREACTOR DESIGN

UNIT -I

INTRODUCTION

Bioreactor function, utility, types of Bioreactors. Modes of Bioreactor

operations, Main components of the Bioreactor and their function.

Introduction Methods of Aeration, Surface Aeration, shake flasks,

Mechanical stirred Bioreactors, Enzyme catalysis in CSTR. Cell death

in batch reactor, endogenous metabolism, maintenance, product and

substrate inhibition on chemostat.

UNIT II

BIOREACTORS AND DESIGN FEATURESBatch reactor, chemostat CSTR, Plug flow Reactor, Fed batch Reactor,

Bubble column, Bubble generation at an orifice, bubble coalescence

and breakup, gas holdup, interfacial area, immobile and mobile gas

liquid interface, regimes of bubbles, design of bubble columns, Cascade

Reactor, air lift reactor, Fluidized bed bioreactors, trickle bed reactors,

immobilized bioreactors, recycle bioreactors.UNIT-III

GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN CELLULAR SYSTEMS

Basic mass transfer concepts, solubility of gases (O2, CO

2) in biological

media, mass balances for two- phase Bioreactor. Mass transfer-

introduction to mass transfer between phases, mass transfer in porous

solids, quantifying mass transfer, mass transfer & experimental design,

oxygen transfer process, factor effecting kLa, Determination of oxygen

transfer rates- static method, Dynamic method, Chemical method and

Electrochemical method, correlations with kLa in Newtonian and non

Newtonian liquid.

UNIT IVMASS TRANSFER

Mass transfer for freely rising or falling bodies, forced convection


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mass transfer, Mass transfer in agitated tanks ,power requirements for

sparged and agitated, non agitated tanks for Newtonian and Non

Newtonian fluid, mass transfer across free surfaces, Heat transfer

correlations, thermal death kinetics of microorganisms, batch and

continuous heatsterilization, sterilization of liquid media, filter

sterilization of liquid media, Air. Design of sterilization equipment batch

and continuous.

UNIT-V

AERATION AND AGITATION IN ANIMAL CELL BIOREACTORS

Introduction, cell damage in animal cell bioreactors, shear damage,bubble damage, methods of minimizing cell damage. Laminar &

Turbulent flow in stirred tank bioreactors, turbulent eddies, kolmogrov

eddy size, preventing vortex formation, off centre impellers, Baffles.

Control of bioreactor, strategy, online and offline monitoring of

bioreactors, computerized bioprocess control, scaling up and scale

down of mass transfer equipment and bioprocess, Direct regulatorycontrol and cascade control mechanism. Bioprocess design

considerations for plant and animal cell cultures.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Bailey JE, Ollis DF, Biochemical Engineering fundamentals ,2nded, Tata

McGraw-Hill Education 2010.

2. Blanch HW and Clark DS, Biochemical Engineering Marcel Decker ,2nd

ed,CRC Press, 1997.

3. DG Rao , Introduction to Biochemical Engineering,2nded, Tata Mc Graw

Hill, 2010.

REFFERENCE:

1. Wiseman A, Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnology, 1sted, Pharma Med

Press/BSP Books Year of Publication 2010.

2. Moser A, Bioprocess technology, kinetics and reactors; 1st ed,

Springer,Year of Publication 2011.

3. Schugerl K: Bellagart K H ; Bioreaction Engineering, Modeling and

control,1

st

edition, Springer, year of Publication 2000.4. Pauline M DORAN , Bioprocess engineering,2nd ed, Elsevier India,

Year of Publication 2009.


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4 - 3

STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

STEM CELLS INTRODUCTION

Definition and basics of stem cells, Classification of stem cells different

types of stem cells- Human embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cells.

Sources of stem cells - Fetus and various adult tissues Advantagesof stem cells. Blastocyst culture- Various stages of embryonic

development. Cryopreservation of stem cells Conventional slow-

freezing method and Vitrification method. Properties of stem cells - self

renewel, clonality and plasticity, Pluripotent nature of stem cells -

Extrinsic and Intrinsic factors, Characterization of human embryonic

stem cells Expression of cell surface marker, Karyotyping.

UNIT II

STEM CELLS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL

Subcloning and controlled differentiation of human embryonic stem

cells, In vitro and in vivo differentiation of human embryonic stem

cells, Feeder free culture of human embryonic stem cells, Applicationof stem cells.

UNIT -III

THERAPEUTIC CLONING STRATEGIES

Derivation and propagation of human embryonic stem cells,

Reproductive cloning by SCNT, Use of SCNT, Limitations of cloning Hurdles to improve the efficiency of therapeutic cloning, Stem cell

research and ethics translational medicine ethics.

UNIT IV

HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS

Basics, Development and Regulation of HSC, Clinical Application of

HSC Gene Therapy using haematopoietic stem cells HSC for

Leukemia, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) - Differentiation and

Identification, Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, Clinical


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applications of stem cells, Stem cells and regenerative medicine, Ips

induced pluripotent stem cells.

UNIT -V

SKELETAL MUSCLE STEM CELLS

Development and functions, Liver stem cells Organization and

functions, Tumor stem cells Basics differences and Similarities of

cancer stem cells and stem cells, Cancer stem cell signaling NOTCH

pathway, wnt signaling pathways in hematopoietic stem cells, Stem

cell therapies in animal models, Use and benefits of stem cell for human

beings.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Ariff Bongso, Eng Hin Lee -Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside, 2nd

Edition, World Scientific Publishing Company, 2010.

2. C S Potten - Stem Cells; 1st edition; Academic Press, 1996.

REFERENCES:

1. Nagy A, Gertenstein M,Vintersten K, Behringer R- Manipulating the

Mouse Embryo , 1stedition, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 2003.

2. Scott F. Gilbert , Susan Singer- Developmental biology, 8 thedition,

Sinauer Associates Inc, 2006.


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ELECTIVE: PHARMACEUTICALBIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT -I :

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS INTRODUCTION

An overview Pharmaceutical & Biopharmaceutical technology, current

status & future prospects, Biopharmaceuticals: Description,

pharmacology, formulation, pharmaceutical concern, clinical use

recombinant vaccines, edible vaccines, Production of pharmaceuticals

by genetically engineered cells- hormones, interferons- Microbial

transformations for production of important pharmaceuticals -alkaloids,

steroids and semi-synthetic antibiotics.

UNIT -II

DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS

Drug discovery, rational drug design, Delivery of biopharmaceuticals,

Pre-clinical trials, and clinical trials, The role of regulatory authorities.

Strategies in the search for new lead drugs/compounds: Improvement

of existing drugs, Pros & cons of therapeutic copies, Systematic

screening, including high throughput screening, Exploitation of

biological information and planned research & rational approach.

UNIT - III

PROTEOMICS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT

Role of Proteomics in Drug Development - Diagnosis of disease by

Proteomics - Separation and identification techniques for protein

analysis- Development of antibody based protein assay for diagnosis,

Disease Diagnostic and Therapy - ELISA and hybridoma technology -

DNA vaccine - Gene Therapy, Toxicogenomics, Techniques fordevelopment of new generation antibiotics - Protein engineering, drug

design, drug targeting.


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UNIT IV

PRODUCTION AND FORMULATION OF BIOTECH COMPOUNDS

Cultivation,production and purification, downstream processing,

Excipients, microbiological consideration, shelf life, Doses, Therapeuticresponse, Route of drug administration, Delivery system, Proteins

based drugs: Source, structure, folding, stability, analytical technique,

purification, characterization, therapeutic protein, pharmacokinetic and

pharmacodynamics of peptides and proteins. Absorption, distribution,

metabolism, elimination, protein binding, Protein engineering

peptidomimetics.

UNIT V:

POST PRODUCTUCTION HANDLING AND DELIVERY

Preparation, storage, handling, administration, Rationale and basic

principles, physiologic and mechanistic approaches, approaches using

devices, molecular approaches, Nutraceutical : Water soluble and fatsoluble vitamins, their functions, GMP, GLP and clean room concept,

Role of US-FDA in biotech based industry.

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Balasubramanium, Concept in Biotechnology, 2ndEdition University

Press, 2004.2. Gray Walsh & B. Murphy, Biopharmaceuticals and industrial

prospective, 1stedition, Kluwer publishers, 1999.

3. Gray Walsh, Wiley John & Sons , Biopharmaceuticals,1stedition, Inc

publisher, 2003.

4. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by Dann, J.A, Crommelin & Robert D.,

Sindelar, Taylor & Francis, 3rdedition, Informa Healthcare, 2007.

REFERENCE:

1. Epenetos A.A, Monoclonal antibodies : applications in clinical

oncology,1stedition, Chapman and Hall Medical, 1991.

2. Camille G. Wermuth , The practice of Medicinal chemistry, 3

edition, Academic Press, May 2, 2011.


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ELECTIVE: FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT -I

PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

Role and significance of microorganisms in foods. Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Parameters of Foods that affect microbial growth, Role of

microorganisms in manufacture and spoilage of fermented products,

Cereals, Pulses, Nuts and Oil seeds, Fruits and Fruit products,

Vegetables and Vegetable Products, Fish and Meat products, Probiotics,

prebiotics and synbiotics.

UNIT II

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Mechanism of enzyme functions and reactions in process techniques:

Enzyme in bakery and cereal products, Enzymes in fat/oil industries,

Cold active enzymes in Food processing, Starch and sugar conversion

process or baking by amylases, cheese making by proteases, Utilization

of food waste for production of valuables: whey, molasses, starch

substances and other food wastes for bioconversion to useful products.

UNIT III

TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED PROCESSES

Technologies used for microbial production of food ingredients,production of carotenoids by gene combination, microbial

biotechnology of natural food flavor and color production and

polysaccharides in foods, Biotechnology of non-nutritive sweeteners,

Biotechnological approach to improve nutritional quality and shelf life

of fruits and vegetables, Biotechnological approaches (enzymes/

proteins & effective processing parameters) towards reducing /

modifying anti-nutritional factors in foods and food ingredients, Anti-

nutritional factors in cereals and legumes.


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UNIT-IV

APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN TESTING

Testing Application of microbial molecular techniques to food system,

Impact of biotechnology on microbial testing of food, current/traditionalmethodology and new approaches -use of gene probes, RDT,

Bioluminescence.

UNIT-V

QUALITY AND SAFETY ASPECTS OF FOODS DERIVED FROM

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Safety and applicability of modified foods and food ingredients, Safety

evaluation of genetically engineered enzyme/novel food products,

International Aspects of the quality and safety assessment of foods

derived by modern biotechnology.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Angold, Beech and Taggart, Food Biotechnology,1stedition, Cambridge

University Press New York , 1989.

2. Kalidas S., Gopinadhan P., Anthony P., Robert E. L, Food

Biotechnology,2ndedition,CRC Press, New York, 2006.

REFERENCE

1. Roger, A., Gordon, B. and John, T,Food Biotechnology, 1sted,Cambridge

University Press, New York, 1989.

2. W.C. Frazier,Food Microbiology,2nd edition, McGraw Hill Book

Company, New York, 1968.


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ELECTIVE: REGULATORY AFFAIRS ANDCLINICAL TRIALS

UNIT -I

INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL TRIALS

A brief history of clinical trials- types of clinical trials- ethics of clinical

trials- Clinical Trial Protocols, treatment assignment methods: simple

randomisation, blocked randomisation, stratified randomisation-

minimisation method-unequal randomisation - the size of a clinical trial-

reporting results- Roles and responsibilities of clinical research

personnel according to ICH-GCP.

UNIT -II

MONITORING TRIAL PROGRESS

Introduction, outcome measures, compliance, Dropouts and-Intention-

To-Treat,A Taxonomy Of Dropouts, Interim Analyses In Clinical Trials,

Group Sequential Procedures, A Bayesian Perspective, Audits In Clinical

Research.

UNIT -III

BASIC ANALYSES OF CLINICAL TRIALS

Introduction, Brief Review Statistics, Generalized Linear models, Models

for Counts: Treatment of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) with

a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug- Ordinal Response Models:A Clinical Trial in Lymphoma, Models with parallel, Non-parallel models,

Model estimation linear predictors, multiple endpoints, Analysis of

Longitudinal Data from Clinical Trials

UNIT -IV

HISTORY OF REGULATORY AFFAIRSMain concepts QSE, Regulatory affairs for studies in human subjects,

data needed,Licensing authorities-roles and responsibilities, ICH -


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GCP,FDA, EU Clinical Trial, Regulatory submissions and Requirements

for gaining approval of new products, Regulating control over

marketing and sales of medical products.

UNIT 5 : REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Drug & Cosmetics Act with special reference to schedule Y and M,

schedule of medical devices, Concept of total quality management,

requirements of GMP, GLP, GCP, Regulatory requirements of drugs and

Pharmaceutical (USFD-NDA/ ANDA) Intellectual property rights

patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, Patents Act.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Willing, S.W., & Stoker, Good Manufacturing Practices for

Pharmaceuticals, Marcel Dekker, New York.

2. Guarino, R.A., New Drug Approval Process, Marcel Dekker, New York.

3. Drug & Cosmetic Act. http://www.fda.gov/default.htm

4. Patents Act. http://www.ipindia.nic.in/IPActs_Rules/IPActs_Rules.htm

5. Pisano-FDA Regulatory Affairs , 2ndedition, Informa Healthcare USA,

2008.

6. Philip W. Grubb, Peter R. Thomsen ,Patents for Chemicals,

Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,5thedition, Oxford University Press

,1999.

7. Dominique P.Brunier and Gerhardt Nahler ,International Clinical Trial,

Volume 1 &2, Interpharm Press, Denver, Colorado.

8. Code of Federal Regulation by USFDA Download http://www.fda.gov/

default.htm9. ICH-GCP Guidelines Download - http://www.ich.org

REFERENCES

1. Biosafety issues related to genetically modified organism , Biotech

Consortium India Limited, New Delhi. http://www.bcil.nic.in

2. Brian S. Everitt, Andrew Pickles, Statistical Aspects Of The Design

And Analysis Of Clinical Trials,2ndedition, Imperial College Press,2004.


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4 - 3

ELECTIVE: CANCER BIOLOGY

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION

Introduction: Causes of cancer: Physical, Chemical, Biological, Diet,

Genetic & Hereditary, Types of Cancer, Cell Cycle Events, Regulation

of Cell Cycle, Signal Molecules, Signal receptors, Mutations in signal

molecules that alters cell cycle, Tumour suppressor genes, Role of

tumour suppressor genes in control of cancer.

UNIT II

CARCINOGENS

Carcinogenesis: Chemical Carcinogenesis: History, Examples of known

to be human carcinogens, Mechanism of carcinogenesis, Targets of

Chemical carcinogens, DNA Adducts, Phase I & Phase II Metabolism

of Chemical carcinogens, Physical carcinogens: X ray radiation induced

carcinogenesis, Asbestos induced carcinogenesis.

UNIT-III

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER & METASTASIS

Molecular Biology Of Cancer:Detection of Oncogenes, Identification

of Oncogenes, Retroviral oncogenes, Growth factors and Growth factor

receptors as oncogenes, metastasis: Factors contributing metastasis,

significance, heterogeneity, angiogenesis, basement membrane

disruption, 3step theory if invasion, cell adhesion molecules in

metastasis, cell motility, protinases in cell invasions,

UNIT IV

CANCER DETECTION & TREATMENT

Cancer Screening & Detection: Screening Methods, Molecular

detection of Cancer, Low throughput assays, SSCP,CGH,Flowcytometry, Southern blot, RFLP, FISH, High throughput

techniques: sequencing, Microarrays. CT Scan, MRI Scan, PET Scan.


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Chemotherapy: Mechanism of action of cytotoxic drugs, resistance to

cytotoxic drugs, Early and late side effects of chemotherapy, Anti

Cancer agents- Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Topoisomerase

inhibitors. Radiation Therapy: Radical Radiotherapy, Adjuvantradiotherapy, Palliative radiotherapy, Gross Tumour Volume(GTV),

Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Planned Target Volume(PTV), Classical

radiation biology, Cellular Response to DNA Damage.

UNIT-V

IMMUNOTHERAPY

Immunotherapy: Specific Immunotherapy: T Cells, Dendritic Cells, DC

Vaccines, Peptide vaccines, Non specific immunotherapy- cytokines

TEXT BOOKS

1. Geoffrey Cooper, The Cell, 4th edition, Sinauer Publications, 2006.

2. Lodish et al, Cell and Molecular Biology, 7thedition, W. H. Freeman,

2012.

3. Margaret Knowles and Peter Selby, Cellular and Molecular Biology of

Cancer, 4thedition, Oxford University Press, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. Weinberg, Biology of Cancer, 1stedition, Garland Publication, 2006.

2. Rosenberg ,principles and practice of oncology.


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ELECTIVE: NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Nano Biotechnology: Background and Definition of

Nano biotechnology-Significance. Supramolecular Chemistry:Definition and examples of main intermolecular forces used in

supramolecular chemistry. Self-assembly processes in organic systems.

Main supra molecular structures.

UNIT II

NANOSCALED BIOMOLECULES

Chemical approaches to nano structured materials-Molecular Building

Blocks to Nanostructures. Nano scaled Biomolecules-Nucleic Acids

and Proteins. Chemical Synthesis of Artificial Nanostructures. Structural

Control to Designed Properties and Functions. Molecular nano scale

engineered devices.

UNIT-III

NANOFABRICATION

Nanofabrication: Introduction, Basic techniques, MEMS fabrication

techniques, nanofabrication techniques-Equipment and processes

needed to fabricate nano devices and structures such as bio-chips.

UNIT-IVNANO ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

Biologically-Inspired nanotechnology basic biological concepts and

principles for the development of nano engineering system.

UNIT-V

INSTRUMENTATIONInstrumentation for nanoscale characterization, Instrumentation

required for characterization of properties on the nanometer scale, The


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measurable properties and resolution limits of each technique, with an

emphasis on measurements in the nanometer range.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jean-Marie Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, 1stedition, Wiley VCH,1995.

2. Jonathan Steed & Jerry Atwood, Supramolecular Chemistry, 2ndedition,

John Wiley & Sons, 2009

3. Jacob Israelachvil, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, 3rd edition,

Academic Press, London, 2011.REFERENCES :

1. Good Sell, BioNano Technology, 1stedition, Wiley Liss Publications,

2004.

2. Charles. P.Poole Jr and Frank J. Owens Introduction to Nanotechnology,

1stedition, Wiley India Pvt Ltd, 2003.


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- 3 2

DNA TECHNOLOGY & BIO INFORMATICS LAB

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria.

2. PCR

3. Separation of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis.

3. Isolation of plasmid from E.coli and gel analysis.

4. Restriction digestion of vector.

5. Ligation of restriction fragments.

6. Transformation.

7. Recombinant Plasmid isolation from transformants and confirmation

by PCR.

8. Identification of biologically relevant protein using PSI BLAST.

9. Database similarity search using WU BLAST.

10. Genome annotation using ARTEMIS.

11. Protein homology modeling by Swiss Model.

12. Construction of phylogenetic tree by phylodraw.

Documents

Biotech 13 14 Sylabus