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?

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-

- ?

, , .

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-

- - .

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-

-

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?

?

( ) ?

.

.

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-

-

-

-

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:

~ 3x

!! -

, Al 3x, (1.5 2) x .

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:

- ( , , )

!! Al 10 x .

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, :

- ( )- ()- e ( l )

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-

- .

, , ; L = 50 m.

-

.

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~ 1.7 % C

F 235 N/mm2

( Y , REH )

max 490 N/mm2

. 2,1105N/mm2

A, B, D, E ( )

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F 490 N/mm2

max 590 N/mm2

2,1105N/mm2 !!!( , )

A, B, D, E

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:

-

- .

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.

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.

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.

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( )

:

-

-

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Lloyd`s Register of Shipping

(1760)

- Ship Lists

- Register Book

- Rules and Regulations for the Classificationof Ships

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- Bureau Veritas (BV),

- Germanischer Lloyd (GL)- Det Norske Veritas (DNV),- American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)- Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)

International Association of Classiffication Societes (IACS)

- ().

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. :

L > 6065 m

- ( )( )

- - -

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-

- (, , )

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I ,

II

III

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- , ,

- SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, SNAME

- SHIP CONSTRUCTION, D.J. Eyres

- ,

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(Length)

LOA LBP ,LPP LWL

Rule length

(Lloyd`s length)

(Scantling length)

L = LBP

0.96 LWL < L < 0.97 LWL

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B(Breadth)

D (Depth)

T (Draft)

(Camber)

(Sheer after / forward)

(Flare / Tumblehome)

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(Plate elements, plating, shell)

- (Bottom)

- (Plate keel)

- (Inner bottom)

- (Bilge)

- (Side)

- (Sheerstrake)- (Deck)

- (Bulkhead)

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(Stiffeners, Beam elements)

:

-

-

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(Stiffeners, Beam elements)

:-

-

:

- ( )

- ( )

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, (Girders)

(Plate floors, Bottom transverses) (Web frames) (Deck transverses)

, (Longitudunals)

(Floors, Ordinary floors) (Frames, Ordinary frames)

(Deck beams, Ordinary deck beams)

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-

- :

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-

-

L < 120 m

-

-

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-

-

(10-17 %)

L > ~ 190 m

- - -

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L > 120 m

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- ABS: 540 mm (L = 50 m)1000 mm (L = 270 m), ; 610 mm.

- LR: < 1000 mm , 610 mm.

.

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- ABS: 686 mm 1000 mm ,

3.05 - 4.57 m (10 -15 feet)

( 5.25 m)

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- ABS: < 610 mm 610686 mm

- R: 300600 mm ( 400 500 mm)

: 610 mm = 24 = 2 , .

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( )

-

-

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- 1/3 ;

- , ;

- , ;

- ...

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- (~ 2 h)

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-

1.5 h

.

2 h , pod 30 o

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-

(t1t2 ) < t1 / 3 ; 3mm 5 (t1t2 )

-

- ...