1

LI NI U

B iu khin lp trnh (PLC-Programmable Logical Controller) ra i l s

pht trin tt yu ca qu trnh t ng ha. Trong thi gian gn y, b iu khin lp

trnh c s dng ngy cng rng ri trong nn cng nghip nc ta nh l mt gii

php l tng p ng cho vic t ng ha qu trnh sn xut. Nh s pht trin

khng ngng ca k thut cng ngh m ngy nay con ngi sn xut thnh cng

nhng b iu khin lp trnh ngy cng nh, gn, gi thnh ngy cng r hn. S pht

trin ca cng ngh thng tin cho php to ra b lp trnh thay i chng trnh d

dng, ph hp vi qu trnh sn xut, cho php kt ni truyn thng, kt ni mng

nhiu cp , nhm p ng yu cu iu khin v gim st.

Trn c s nghin cu, kho st cc ti liu k thut ca b lp trnh CP1E ca

hng OMRON, iu khin logic kh trnh ra i p ng phn no nhu cu tham

kho ca cn b ging dy v sinh vin chuyn ngnh. Gio trnh cn l ti liu k

thut nhm gip nhng ai am m v iu khin c th t nghin cu, vn dng, vn

hnh, la chn, lp t v lp trnh PLC.

Gio trnh bao gm 5 chng:

- Chng 1. Gii thiu chung v PLC

- Chng 2. Tp lnh c bn

- Chng 3. Nhm lnh iu khin lu trnh

- Chng 4. Nhm lnh s hc v logic

- Chng 5. Nhm lnh dch chuyn v so snh

2

y l ln u gio trnh xut bn nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt

mong nhn c s kin phn hi t bn c gio trnh ny hon chnh trong ln

xut bn tip theo. Mi kin ng gp vui long gi v Khoa Cng ngh K thut

in-in t Trng i hc Cng nghip Thc phm Thnh ph H Ch Minh,

email: congnp@cntp.edu.vn.

Tc gi

mailto:congnp@cntp.edu.vn

3

MC LC

Li ni u ...................................................................................................................... 1

Mc lc ........................................................................................................................... 3

Bng cc k hiu v ch vit tt ..................................................................................... 6

CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUT V PLC ..................................................... 7

1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng iu khin ................................................................. 7

1.2. Gii thiu chung v PLC ......................................................................................... 7

1.2.1. Vai tr ca PLC ............................................................................................. 8

1.2.2. So snh PLC vi cc thit b iu khin thng thng khc......................... 8

1.2.3. Cc thit b nhp v xut dng trong PLC .................................................... 9

1.2.4. Cc bc thit k mt h thng iu khin dng PLC ................................ 10

1.2.5. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC ....................................................................... 11

1.2.6. Mt s PLC thng dng............................................................................... 12

1.3. PLC CP1E............................................................................................................. 14

1.3.1. Gii thiu chung ......................................................................................... 14

1.3.2. Cc thnh phn ca CPU ............................................................................. 10

1.3.3. Cc kiu lin kt truyn thng ca PLC ...................................................... 18

1.3.4. Cu trc vng nh trong PLC...................................................................... 20

CU HI V BI TP CHNG 1 ......................................................................... 23

CHNG 2: TP LNH C BN............................................................................ 25

2.1. Gii thiu chung v chng trnh PLC ................................................................. 25

2.1.1. Khi qut chng trnh ................................................................................ 25

2.1.2. Cc dng chng trnh................................................................................. 25

2.2. Lnh DIFU, DIFD ................................................................................................. 26

2.2.1. Lnh DIFU ................................................................................................... 26

2.2.2. Lnh DIFD ................................................................................................... 27

2.3. Lnh SET v RSET ............................................................................................... 27

2.3.1. Lnh SET ..................................................................................................... 27

2.3.2. Lnh RSET .................................................................................................. 28

2.4. Lnh KEEP(11) ..................................................................................................... 28

2.5. Lnh timer.............................................................................................................. 29

2.5.1. Lnh TIM ..................................................................................................... 29

2.5.2. Lnh TIMH .................................................................................................. 30

4

2.6. Lnh counter .......................................................................................................... 31

2.7. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 32

2.7.1. Chng trnh iu khin ng c ................................................................ 32

2.7.2. Chng trnh push on push off .................................................................... 32

2.7.3. Chng trnh iu khin ca t ng ......................................................... 34

2.7.4. Chng trnh iu khin ng c hot ng 5 giy t dng ...................... 35

2.7.5. Chng trnh iu khin n giao thng cho mt ng t ............................ 36

2.7.6. Chng trnh iu khin ng c 1 hot ng, sau 5 giy ng c 1 dng v

ng c 2 hot ng .............................................................................................. 41

2.7.7. Chng trnh iu khin n A sng 5 giy, tt 5 giy lin tc .................. 42

2.7.8. Chng trnh iu khin ng ra ON/OFF .................................................. 43

2.7.9. Chng trnh cho m hnh m sn phm .................................................. 45

CU HI V BI TP CHNG 2 ......................................................................... 47

CHNG 3: NHM LNH IU KHIN LU TRNH ......................................... 51

3.1. Nhm lnh r nhnh .............................................................................................. 51

3.1.1. Lnh IL(02) v ILC(03) .............................................................................. 51

3.1.2. Lnh JMP(04) v JME(05) .......................................................................... 52

3.2. Nhm lnh chng trnh con ................................................................................. 54

3.2.1. Lnh gi chng trnh con SBS(91) ........................................................... 54

3.2.2. Lnh nhn chng trnh con SBN(92) ........................................................ 55

3.2.3. Lnh kt thc chng trnh con RET(93) ................................................... 56

3.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 57

3.3.1. Chng trnh cho m hnh iu khin my trn ha cht ........................... 57

3.3.2. Chng trnh iu khin khi ng ng c khng ng b 3 pha thng qua

3 cp in tr ......................................................................................................... 60

BI TP CHNG 3 ................................................................................................. 63

CHNG 4: NHM LNH S HC V LOGIC ................................................... 67

4.1. Nhm lnh s hc .................................................................................................. 67

4.1.1. Nhm lnh tnh ton d liu dng BCD ...................................................... 67

4.1.2. Nhm lnh tnh ton d liu dng nh phn ................................................ 71

4.2. Nhm lnh logic .................................................................................................... 73

4.2.1. COM(29) ..................................................................................................... 73

4.2.2. ANDW(34) .................................................................................................. 74

4.2.3. ORW(35) ..................................................................................................... 74

4.2.4. XORW(36) .................................................................................................. 75

5

4.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 76

4.3.1. Chng trnh qun l s lng xe trong bi xe ........................................... 76

4.3.2. Chng trnh ghi nhn s chu k hot ng ca h thng vo D0 ............. 77

BI TP CHNG 4 ................................................................................................. 78

CHNG 5: NHM LNH DCH CHUYN V SO SNH .................................. 79

5.1. Nhm lnh dch chuyn ......................................................................................... 79

5.1.1. MOV(21) ..................................................................................................... 79

5.1.2. MVN(22) ..................................................................................................... 80

5.1.3. MOVD(83) .................................................................................................. 81

5.1.4. MOVB(82)................................................................................................... 81

5.1.5. BSET(71) ..................................................................................................... 82

5.1.6. XFER(70) .................................................................................................... 83

5.1.7. SFT(10) ........................................................................................................ 84

5.1.8. WSFT(16) .................................................................................................... 84

5.1.9. ASL(25) ....................................................................................................... 85

5.1.10. ROL(27)..................................................................................................... 86

5.1.11. ROR(28) .................................................................................................... 86

5.2. Nhm lnh so snh ................................................................................................ 87

5.2.1. Lnh CMP(20) ............................................................................................. 87

5.2.2. TCMP(85) .................................................................................................... 87

5.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 89

5.3.1. Chng trnh iu khin 8 ng c hot ng lun phin qua phi............ 89

5.3.2. Chng trnh iu khin 8 ng c hot ng tun t qua tri ................... 91

5.3.3. Chng trnh iu khin cho bi gi xe t ng ......................................... 93

5.3.4. iu khin h thng theo thi gian thc ..................................................... 95

BI TP CHNG 5 ................................................................................................. 96

PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 99

DANH MC CC HNH V ..................................................................................... 113

DANH SCH CC BNG ....................................................................................... 115

TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................... 115

6

BNG CC K HIU V CH VIT TT

Ch vit tt Ting anh ngha

PLC Programmable Logic Controller iu khin logic kh trnh

CPU Central Processing Unit B x l trung tm

I/O Input/Output Vo/Ra

ROM Read Only Memory B nh ch c

RAM Random Access Memory B nh ghi c

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read

Only Memory

B nh ch c chng trnh v

xa c bng tia t ngoi

EEPROM Electric Erasable Programmable

Read Only Memory

B nh ch c chng trnh v

xo c bng in

HMI Human-Machine-Interface Giao din ngi-my

SV Set Value Gi tr t

STL Statement List Lit k lnh

LAD Ladder Dng hnh thang

7

CHNG 1

GII THIU TNG QUT V PLC

1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng iu khin

H thng iu khin l tp hp nhng cng c, thit b in, in t, nhm m

bo tnh n nh, s chnh xc, s chuyn i nhp nhng ca mt quy trnh hoc mt

hot ng sn xut. H thng iu khin thc hin bt c yu cu no ca i tng,

t cung cp nng lng n mt thit b cho n iu khin cc c cu chp hnh.

Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh th vic iu khin nhng h thng

phc tp s c thc hin bi mt h thng iu khin t ng ha hon ton, l

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), cc h thng iu khin s c s dng kt

hp vi my tnh ch. Ngoi ra, h thng iu khin cng c giao din kt ni vi

cc thit b khc nh l: bng iu khin, ng c, contactor, cun dy... Kh nng

chuyn giao mng ca PLC c th cho php phi hp x l, iu khin nhng h

thng ln, phc tp, linh hot cao trong vic phn loi cc h thng iu khin. Mi

mt b phn trong h thng iu khin ng mt vai tr rt quan trng. T hnh 1.1 ta

thy: PLC s khng nhn bit c iu g nu chng khng c kt ni vi cc thit

b cm bin. H thng cng khng cho php bt k cc my mc no hot ng nu

ng ra ca PLC khng c kt ni vi ng c. Chnh v th, vng my ch phi l

ni lin kt cc hot ng ca mt vng sn xut ring bit.

PLC

Cm bin

Cm bin 3

Cm bin 2

Cm bin 1

Hnh 1.1. Mt h thng iu khin in hnh dng PLC

1.2. Gii thiu chung v PLC

PLC l b iu khin logic theo chng trnh bao gm: b x l trung tm gi l

CPU (Central Processing Unit), b nh cha chng trnh ng dng v cc module

giao din nhp xut. PLC c ni trc tip n cc thit b ng I/O. V th, khi c tn

hiu nhp, CPU s x l tn hiu v gi tn hiu n thit b xut.

8

B nh

B x l

trung

tm

Vng

m ng

ra

Vng

m ng

vo

Thit b ng raThit b ng

vo

Ngun cung

cp

Hnh 1.2. S khi ca PLC

1.2.1. Vai tr ca PLC

Trong mt h thng iu khin t ng, PLC c xem nh l tri tim ca h

thng iu khin. Vi mt chng trnh ng dng ( c lu tr bn trong b nh

ca PLC) th PLC lin tc kim tra trng thi ca h thng, bao gm: kim tra tn hiu

phn hi t cc thit b nhp, da vo chng trnh logic x l tn hiu v mang cc

tn hiu iu khin ra thit b xut.

PLC c dng iu khin nhng h thng t n gin n phc tp, hoc ta

c th kt hp chng vi nhau thnh mt mng truyn thng c th iu khin mt qu

trnh phc hp.

1.2.2. So snh PLC vi cc thit b iu khin thng thng khc

Hin nay, cc h thng iu khin bng PLC ang dn thay th cho cc h thng

iu khin bng relay, contactor thng thng. u, khuyt im ca hai h thng trn

c th hin c th nh sau:

- H thng iu khin thng thng:

Th kch do c qu nhiu dy dn v relay trn bng iu khin.

Tn kh nhiu thi gian cho vic thit k, lp t.

Tc hot ng chm.

Cng sut tiu th ln.

Mi ln mun thay i chng trnh th phi lp t li ton b, tn nhiu thi gian.

Kh bo qun v sa cha.

- H thng iu khin bng PLC:

Nhng dy kt ni trong h thng gim c 80% nn nh gn hn.

Cng sut tiu th t hn.

9

S thay i cc ng vo/ra v iu khin h thng tr nn d dng hn nh phn mm iu khin bng my tnh hay trn bn phm lp trnh bng tay

(Console).

Tc hot ng ca h thng nhanh hn.

Bo tr v sa cha d dng, bn v tin cy vn hnh cao.

Gi thnh ca h thng gim khi s tip im tng.

C thit b chng nhiu.

Ngn ng lp trnh d hiu, d lp trnh v c th lp trnh trn my tnh, thch hp cho vic thc hin cc lnh tun t ca n.

Cc module ri cho php thay th hoc thm vo khi cn thit.

Do nhng l do trn nn PLC th hin r u im ca n so vi cc thit b iu

khin thng thng khc. PLC cn c kh nng thm vo hay thay i cc lnh ty

theo yu cu ca cng ngh. Khi , ta ch cn thay i chng trnh ca n, iu ny

ni ln tnh nng iu khin kh linh ng ca PLC.

1.2.3. Cc thit b nhp v xut dng trong PLC

1.2.3.1. Cc thit b nhp

S thng minh ca mt h thng t ng ph thuc vo kh nng c cc tn

hiu t cc cm bin t ng ca PLC.

Hnh thc giao din c bn gia PLC v cc thit b nhp l: nt n, cu dao,

phm, Ngoi ra, PLC cn nhn c tn hiu t cc thit b nhn dng t ng nh:

cng tc trng thi, cng tc gii hn, cm bin quang in, cm bin tc , Cc

loi tn hiu nhp n PLC phi l trng thi logic ON/OFF hoc tn hiu Analog.

Nhng tn hiu ng vo ny c giao tip vi PLC qua cc module nhp.

Cm bin tim cn

Encoder

Counter

Loadcell

Cm bin quang

Cng tc hnh trnh

Hnh 1.3. Cc thit b kt ni vi ng vo PLC

10

1.2.3.2. Thit b xut

Trong mt h thng t ng, thit b xut cng l mt yu t rt quan trng. Nu

ng ra ca PLC khng c kt ni vi thit b xut th hu nh h thng s b t lit

hon ton. Cc thit b xut thng thng l: ng c, cun dy nam chm, relay,

chung bo, Thng qua hot ng ca ng c, cc cun dy, PLC c th iu

khin mt h thng t n gin n phc tp. Cc loi thit b xut l mt phn kt cu

ca h thng t ng ha v v th n nh hng trc tip vo hiu sut ca h thng.

Tuy nhin, cc thit b xut khc nh n pilot, ci v cc bo ng ch cho bit

cc mc ch nh: bo cho chng ta bit giao din tn hiu ng vo, cc thit b ng ra

c giao tip vi PLC qua module ng ra PLC.

n

ng c in

Contactor

Hnh 1.4. Cc thit b kt ni vi ng ra PLC

1.2.4. Cc bc thit k mt h thng iu khin dng PLC

thit k 1 chng trnh iu khin cho mt h thng dng PLC ta thc hin

cc bc sau y:

- Xc nh qui trnh cng ngh

Trc tin, ta phi xc nh thit b hay h thng no mun iu khin. Mc ch

cui cng ca b iu khin l iu khin mt h thng hot ng vi yu cu cng

ngh c xc nh.

S vn hnh ca h thng c kim tra bi cc thit b u vo. H thng s

nhn tn hiu v gi tn hiu n CPU, CPU x l tn hiu v gi n n thit b xut

iu khin s hot ng ca h thng nh lp trnh sn trong chng trnh.

- Xc nh ng vo, ng ra

Tt c cc thit b xut, nhp bn ngoi u c kt ni vi b iu khin lp

trnh. Thit b nhp l nhng contact, cm bin...Thit b xut l nhng cun dy, vale

in t, ng c, b hin th.

Sau khi xc nh tt c cc thit b xut nhp cn thit, ta nh v cc thit b vo

ra tng ng cho tng ng vo, ra trn PLC trc khi vit chng trnh.

- Vit chng trnh

Khi vit chng trnh theo s hnh bc thang (ladder) phi theo s hot ng

tun t tng bc ca h thng

- Np chng trnh vo b nh

By gi chng ta c th cung cp ngun cho b iu khin c lp trnh thng qua

cng I/O. Sau np chng trnh vo b nh thng qua b Console lp trnh hay my

11

tnh c cha phn mm lp trnh hnh thang. Sau khi np xong, kim tra li bng hm

chun on. Nu c hy m phng ton b hot ng ca h thng chc chn

rng chng trnh hot ng tt.

- Chy chng trnh

Trc khi nhn nt start, phi chc chn rng cc dy dn ni cc ng vo, ra n

cc thit b nhp, xut c ni ng theo ch nh. Lc PLC mi bt u hot

ng thc s. Trong khi chy chng trnh, nu b li th my tnh hoc b Console s

bo li, ta phi sa li cho n khi chng trnh hot ng an ton.

Sau y l lu phng php thit k b iu khin:

Xc nh yu cu ca

h thng iu khin

V lu chung ca

h thng iu khin

Lit k tt c cc ng ra, ng vo ni

tng i n cc cng I/O ca PLC

Chuyn lu sang

s hnh thang

Chng

trnh OK

OK

Not OK

Chy th

chng trnh

END

Chng

trnh OK Not OK

OK

Kt ni ton b ng

vo/ra n PLC

Kim tra tt c cc

tip im vo/ra

Np chng

trnh cho PLC

M phng chng trnh

v sa li phn mmHiu chnh chng

trnh cho ph hp

Hiu chnh

li phn mm

Lp h s, bn v

h thng

Hnh 1.5. Lu xy dng chng trnh PLC

1.2.5. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC

Cu trc phn cng ca tt c cc PLC u c cc b phn sau: b x l, b nh,

b nhp, xut.

1.2.5.1. n v x l trung tm (CPU)

CPU l b vi x l, lin kt vi cc hot ng ca h thng PLC, thc hin

chng trnh, x l tn hiu nhp xut v thng tin lin lc vi cc thit b bn ngoi.

CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra chng

trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin th t tng lnh trong chng trnh,

https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU

12

s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit b lin kt

thc thi. V ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc vo chng trnh iu

khin c gi trong b nh.

1.2.5.2. B nh (Memory)

C nhiu loi b nh khc nhau, y l ni lu gi trng thi hot ng ca h

thng. m bo cho PLC hot ng, phi cn c b nh lu tr chng trnh,

i khi cn m rng b nh thc hin cc chc nng khc nh:

- Vng m tm thi lu tr trng thi ca cc knh xut/nhp c gi l RAM

xut/nhp

- Lu tr tm thi cc trng thi ca cc chc nng bn trong: timer, counter,

cun dy

B nh gm c nhng loi sau:

- B nh ch c (ROM: Read Only Memory): ROM khng phi l mt b nh

kh bin, n c th lp trnh ch mt ln. Do khng thch hp cho vic iu khin

mm ca PLC. ROM t ph bin so vi cc loi b nh khc.

- B nh ghi c (RAM: Random Access Memory): RAM l mt b nh thng

c dng lu tr d liu v chng trnh ca ngi s dng. D liu trong RAM

s b mt i nu ngun in b mt. Tuy nhin vn ny c gii quyt bng cch

gn thm vo RAM mt ngun in d phng. Ngy nay, trong k thut pht trin

PLC, ngi ta dng CMOSRAM nh s tiu tn nng lng kh thp ca n v cung

cp pin d phng cho cc RAM ny khi mt ngun. Pin d phng c tui th t nht

mt nm trc khi cn thay th, hoc ta chn pin sc gn vi h thng, pin s c sc

khi cp ngun cho PLC.

- B nh ch c chng trnh v xa c bng tia t ngoi (EPROM: Erasable

Programmable Read Only Memory): EPROM lu tr d liu ging nh ROM, tuy

nhin ni dung ca n c th b xo i nu ta phng tia t ngoi vo, ngi vit phi

vit li chng trnh trong b nh.

- B nh ch c chng trnh v xo c bng in (EEPROM: Electric

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): EPROM kt hp kh nng truy linh

ng ca RAM v tnh kh bin ca EPROM, ni dung trn EEPROM c th b xo v

lp trnh bng in, tuy nhin ch gii hn trong mt s ln nht nh.

1.2.6. Mt s PLC thng dng

1.2.6.1. S7-200 ca Siemens

S7-200 l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh loi nh ca hng Siemens (c) c

cu trc theo kiu module v c cc module m rng. Cc module ny c s dng

cho nhiu ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x

l CPU-214, 212, 224

- CPU-214 bao gm 14 ng vo v 10 ng ra, c kh nng thm 7 module m rng.

- 2.048 t n (4 kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi non-volatile lu chng trnh (vng nh c giao din vi EEPROM).

13

- 2.048 t n (4 kByte) thuc kiu c ghi lu d liu, trong 512 t u thuc min non-volatile.

- Tng s ng vo/ra cc i l 64 ng vo v 64 ng ra.

- 128 timer chia lm 3 loi theo phn gii khc nhau: 4 timer 1ms, 16 timer 10ms v 108 timer 100ms.

- 128 b m chia lm 2 loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.

- 688 bit nh c bit dng thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.

- Cc ch x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung.

- 3 b m tc cao vi nhp 2kHz v 7kHz.

- 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM.

- 2 b iu chnh tng t.

- Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190 gi k t khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.

1.2.6.2. FX** ca Mitsubishi

Thuc dng Micro Compact PLC, FX PLC ca Mitsubishi p ng c cc

bi ton iu khin t n gin n phc tp.

C kh nng m rng vo/ra v kh nng m rng bng cc module chuyn dng

nh: module iu khin v tr, module to xung ln ti 1MHz, module iu khin nhit

, module vo ra tng t v cc module kt ni mng gip PLC dng FX c th gii

quyt tng th v trn vn cc bi ton iu khin trong cng nghip.

Kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da trn vic lp trnh trn cc

lnh logic c bn; kh nng nh thi, m; gii quyt cc vn ton hc v cng

ngh; kh nng to lp, gi i, tip nhn nhng tn hiu nhm mc ch kim sot s

kch hot hoc nh ch nhng chc nng ca my hoc mt dy chuyn cng ngh.

Hnh 1.6. PLC FX1N ca hng Mitsubishi

Nh vy, nhng c im lm cho PLC c tnh nng u vit v thch hp trong

mi trng cng nghip l:

- Kh nng khng nhiu rt tt.

14

- Cu trc dng module rt thun tin cho vic thit k, m rng, ci to nng cp...

- C nhng module chuyn dng thc hin nhng chc nng c bit hay nhng module truyn thng kt ni PLC vi mng cng nghip hoc mng

Internet...

- Kh nng lp trnh c, lp trnh d dng cng l c im quan trng xp hng mt h thng iu khin t ng.

- Yu cu ca ngi lp trnh khng cn gii v kin thc in t m ch cn nm vng cng ngh sn xut v bit chn thit b thch hp l c th lp trnh c.

- Thuc vo h sn xut linh hot do tnh thay i c chng trnh hoc thay i trc tip cc thng s m khng cn thay i li chng trnh

Pht trin t dng sn phm thp n cao, FX PLC cho php ngi s dng chn

la thch hp s lng I/O cho bi ton iu khin ca mnh.

Bng 1.1. Mt s dng sn phm PLC ca Mitsubishi

Loi FX1S FX1N FX2N FX3U

Ngun

cung cp

100-240 VAC/24

VDC

100-240 VAC/

12-24 VDC

100-240 VAC/

24 VDC 100-240 VAC

S ng vo 6-16 8-36 8-64 8-40

S ng ra 4-14 6-24 8-64 8-40

Ng ra s Relay, transistor Relay

Thi gian

thc hin 0.55-0.7 s 0.55 -1 s 0.08 s 0.065 s

B nh EEPROM EEPROM,

EPROM

RAM,

EEPROM FLROM

Kch thc 60/60/75/100x90

x49 90-185x90x75

150-

350x90x87

130-

285x90x86

1.3. PLC CP1E

1.3.1. Gii thiu chung

Cc b iu khin lp trnh ca hng OMRON rt a dng, gm cc loi

CPM1A, CPM2A, CPM2C, CQM1, CP1E, CP1L, CP1H, . Nhng loi PLC c

to thnh t nhng module ri kt ni li vi nhau, c th cho php m rng dung

lng b nh v m rng cc ng vo/ra. V vy, chng c s dng rt linh hot v

a dng trong thc tin. Ngoi ra, hng OMRON cn sn xut cc b PLC c cu trc

c nh, cc PLC ny ch c dung cho cc cng vic c bit nn khng i hi tnh

linh hot cao. Cc PLC u c cu trc gm: b ngun, CPU, cc Port I/O, cc module

I/O c bit c c mt b PLC hon chnh th ta phi lp rp cc module ny

li vi nhau. Vic kt ni ny thc hin kh n gin v cho php thay th d dng.

15

H CP1E c rt nhiu loi. Ta c th tm tt trong bng sau:

Bng 1.2. a ch b nh vo/ra ca cc loi PLC h CP1E (14, 20, 30, 40, 60 I/O)

S lng u vo ra

trn module CPU

u ni trn module CPU

Input Output

14 8 u:

000.00 n 000.07

6 u:

100.00 n 100.05

20 12 u:

000.00 n 000.11

8 u:

100.00 n 100.07

30

18 u:

000.00 n 000.11

001.00 n 001.05

12 u:

100.00 n 100.07

101.00 n 101.03

40

24 u:

000.00 n 000.11

001.00 n 001.11

16 u:

100.00 n 100.07

101.00 n 101.07

60

36 u:

000.00 n 000.11

001.00 n 001.11

002.00 n 002.11

24 u:

100.00 n 100.07

101.00 n 101.07

102.00 n 102.07

a ch b nh trn module m rng: word trn module m rng s s dng

word tip theo ca vng nh input hay output tng ng cha s dng bi module m

rng trc hoc module CPU.

Bng 1.3. a ch knh b nh vo ra PLC CP1E

CPU Cc word dnh sn S module m rng

c php ni Input Output

10 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 0

14 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 1

20 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 1

30 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH 100 CH, 101 CH 3

40 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH 100 CH, 101 CH 3

60 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH, 2 CH 100 CH, 101 CH, 102 CH 3

16

1.3.2. Cc thnh phn ca CPU

Cu to chung ca 1 b CPU gm nhng phn nh sau:

Hnh 1.7. Cc thnh phn ca CPU

(1) Khe cm card nh (Memory cassette): Dng gn card nh (15) lu

chng trnh, cc thng s v b nh d liu ca CP1E, CP1L/1H. N cng c th

dng copy v np chng trnh sang cc b PLC loi CP1L/1H khc m khng cn

dng my tnh.

(2) Peripheral USB port: Dng ni vi my tnh cho vic lp trnh.

(3) Nm chit p chnh (Analog adjuster): Khi quay chit p ny, gi tr ca b

nh trong PLC a ch A642 s thay i trong khong 0-255.

(4) u ni u vo chit p analog: u ni ny dng kt ni vi tn hiu u

vo t 0-10VDC, thay i gi tr ca thanh ghi b nh A643 trong khong 0-255.

u vo ny khng c cch ly.

(5) DIP switch: Dng t cc thng s hot ng nh cm ghi vo vng nh

chng trnh, t ng np d liu t card nh,

(6) Pin: Lu ni dung RAM v ng h khi ngun tt.

(7) Cc n bo hot ng.

Bng 1.4. Chc nng n bo trn PLC h CP1E

POWER

(Mu

xanh)

Bt PLC ang c cp in bnh thng

Tt PLC khng c cp in bnh thng (khng c in,

in yu,..)

RUN

(Mu

xanh)

Bt PLC ang hot ng ch RUN hay MONITOR.

Tt PLC ang ch PROGRAM hoc b dng

17

ERR/ALM

()

Sng PLC gp li nghim trng (chng trnh PLC ngng

chy), bao gm c li FALS hay li phn cng (WDT).

Tt c cc u ra s tt

Nhp nhy PLC gp mt li khng nghim trng (PLC tip tc

chy ch RUN)

Tt PLC hot ng bnh thng khng c li

PRPHL

(Vng)

Sng ang truyn thng qua cng USB

Tt Hin khng c truyn thng qua cng USB

INH

(Vng)

Sng Bit tt u ra (A500.15) bt. Lc ny tt c cc u ra

trn PLC s tt, bt k chng trnh iu khin

Tt Hot ng nh bnh thng

BKUP

(Vng)

Sng

Chng trnh, thng s hay b nh d liu ang c

ghi vo b nh flash hay card nh.

Chng trnh, thng s hay b nh d liu ang c

c li t b nh ngoi sau khi bt in

Lu : khng tt in trong khi n ny ang sng

Tt Hot ng nh bnh thng

Khi gp mt s c trm trng, cc n ch th trng thi u vo s thay i nh sau:

- Khi c li CPU hay li vi bus vo/ra (CPU Error, I/O Bus Error): cc LED u

vo s tt.

- Khi c li vi b nh hoc li h thng (Memory Error/System Error): cc LED

u vo vn gi trng thi ca chng trc khi xy ra li cho d trng thi thc u

vo thay i.

(8) Cc u ni ng vo

- Dy ngun in cung cp cho PLC (Power Supply Input Terminal).

- u ni t tn hiu (Functional Earth Terminal) (ch i vi loi AC) nhm

tng kh nng chng nhiu v trnh in git.

- u ni t bo v (Protective Earth Terminal) trnh in git. PLC c th

c cung cp bng ngun in xoay chiu 100-240VAC hoc 1 chiu 24VDC (tu

loi).

- u ni tn hiu vo (Input Terminal).

(9) Cc n ch th trng thi u vo (Input Indicator): n LED trong nhm ny

s sng khi u vo tng ng ln ON.

(10) Khe cm cc card truyn thng m rng ty chn: Dng cm thm cc

card RS-232C (16) hay RS-422A/485 (17). Module vi 14/20 I/O c 1 khe cm c th

18

lp c 1 card. Module 30/40/60 I/O c 2 khe cm c th lp c 2 card truyn

thng m rng.

(11) u ni vi module vo ra m rng (Expansion I/O Unit): Dng ni

module c CPU (l module chnh c b x l trung tm - CPU v cha chng trnh

ng dng - User program) vi module vo/ra m rng (Expansion I/O Unit) b

sung u vo/ra cho module chnh.

(12) Cc n ch th trng thi u ra (Output Indicator): n LED trong nhm

ny s sng khi u ra tng ng ln ON.

(13) u ni ngun cp DC ra t PLC (DC Power Supply Output Terminal) v

u ni cho u ra. in p ra u ni ngun cp DC chun l 24VDC vi dng nh

mc l 0,3A c th c dng cp cho cc u vo s DC

(14) Cht gn trn thanh ray DIN.

(15) Card nh (Memory cassette) (ty chn): Dng lu d liu t b nh flash

trong CPU. Cm vo khe cm Card nh (1).

(16) Card truyn thng RS-232C (ty chn): Cm vo khe cm truyn thng.

(17) Card truyn thng RS-422A/485 (ty chn). Cm vo khe cm truyn thng.

1.3.3. Cc kiu lin kt truyn thng ca PLC

1.3.3.1. Truyn thng lin kt ch

L mi lin kt ch-t gia my tnh ch hoc thit b lp trnh cm tay vi

PLC. S dng c/ghi d liu t thit b lp trnh vo PLC.

- Truyn thng lin kt ch 1-1:

Thc hin vic lin kt 11 gia CP1E vi my tnh tng thch, my tnh IBM

PC/AT hoc mn iu khin PT thng qua cng USB hoc cng RS-232C hoc cng

Ethernet. Cch kt ni c biu din trong hnh v sau:

Hnh 1.8. Kt ni truyn thng 1-1 thng qua cng USB v RS-232C

Hnh 1.9. Kt ni truyn thng 1-1 thng qua cng Ethernet

19

- Truyn thng lin kt ch 1-N:

Kiu lin kt ny cho php kt ni 1 my tnh hoc PT vi 32 b iu khin lp

trnh PLC, c thc hin bng cch dng b ni tng thch (Adaptor) RS-232C

hoc RS422 thng qua cng giao tip RS-232C, RS-422, RS-485.

Hnh 1.10. Kt ni truyn thng 1-N thng qua chun RS-485

Hnh 1.11. Kt ni truyn thng 1-N thng qua chun RS-485

1.3.3.2. OMRON PT Connection

L kiu lin lc tc cao gia PLC v HMI (Human-Machine-Interface), CP1E

c ni trc tip n mn hnh iu khin thng qua cng RS 232C hoc cng

Ethernet.

Hnh 1.12. PT Conection

20

1.3.3.3. Kiu lin lc One to One Link (1-1 )

y l mng trao i d liu gia 2 b PLC vi nhau bng cp RS-232C thng

qua cng RS-232C Port. Trong mt PLC ng vai tr chnh v mt ph trong vic

thit lp cc ch hot ng ca h thng.

Master Slave

RS-232

Hnh 1.13. One to One Link

1.3.4. Cu trc vng nh trong PLC

B nh trong PLC c chia thnh cc vng khc nhau vi cc chc nng ring

bit nh sau:

Bng 1.5. Phn chia vng nh trn PLC h CP1E

Vng nh Words Bit

CIO

I/O 00 - 199 0.00 - 199.15

Vng 1:1 3000 - 3063 3000.00 - 3063.00

Vng lin kt ni tip 3100 - 3189 3100.00 - 3189.15

Vng lm vic 3800 - 6143 3800.00 - 6143.00

Vng lm vic W000 - W511 W0.00 - W511.15

HR H000 - H511 H0.00 - H511.15

AR A000 - A959 A0.00 - A959.15

DM D00000 - D32767* Khng c

Timer T000 - T511 T0000 - T0511

Counter C000 - C511 C0000 - C0511

*i vi loi 14/20 I/O: D0 - D9999, D32000 - D32767

21

Chc nng cc vng nh:

Bng 1.6. c im cc vng nh trn PLC h CP1E

CIO area

Input area Cc bit ny c th c gn cho cc u dy

vo/ra I/O Output area

1:1 link area Dng cho kt ni 1:1 vi 1 PLC khc

Serial PLC link area Dng cho kt ni 1:n vi 1 PLC khc

Work area Work bit c th c s dng tu trong chng

trnh

SR area Cc bit ny phc v cho cc chc nng ring bit

nh c bo v cc bit iu khin

TR area Cc bit ny lu d liu v lu trng thi ON/OFF

tm thi ti cc nhnh r chng trnh

HR area2 Cc bit ny lu d liu v lu li trng thi

ON/OFF ca chng khi ngt in

AR area2

Cc bit ny phc v cho cc chc nng ring bit

nh c bo v cc bit iu khin

Timer/Counter area3

Cc s ny c th c dng cho c timer v

counter

DM area

Read/Write2

D liu lu vng b nh DM ch c th c

truy cp theo word. Gi tr ca cc word t lu

gi tr khi mt in

Error log4

Dng lu thi gian xut hin v m ca li.

Cc word ny c th c dng nh l cc word

DM c/ghi thng thng khi chc nng lu li

hin khng c s dng

Read-only4 Chng trnh khng th ghi ln cc word ny

PC Setup4

Dng lu cc thng s khc nhau iu khin hot

ng ca PLC

Ghi ch:

1. Cc bit CIO area v LR khi khng c dng cho cc chc nng nh ca chng

c th c dng nh bit t do trong chng trnh (work bit)

22

2. Ni dung ca cc thanh ghi HR, LR, counter, v vng b nh DM c/ghi c

nui bng pin. nhit 25oC, pin c th lu ni dung b nh trong vng 5 nm.

3. Khi truy cp gi tr hin hnh (PV) ca timer v counter, cc s ca timer v counter

c dng nh l cc d liu dng word; khi truy cp bit c bo kt thc (Completion

Flag) ca timer v counter, chng c dng nh l cc bit trng thi.

4. D liu cc thanh ghi t DM6144 n DM6655 khng th b ghi bi chng

trnh nhng chng c th c thay i t thit b ngoi vi.

Bng 1.7. Cc k hiu hng s ca cc lnh trong chng trnh trn PLC h CP1E

K hiu Ni dung

#0000 n 9999 (BCD) Cc gi tr ca timer/counter, lnh s hc BCD,..

#0000 n FFFF (Hex) Gi tr so snh cho cc lnh so snh, copy d liu,

lnh s hc BIN,..

&0 n 65535 K hiu s thp phn khng du

Ch c 1 s lnh c bit dng kiu d liu ny

Cc c bo:

Cc c bo trong PLC c CPU t ng t phn nh cc trng thi v gi tr

ca hot ng bn trong PLC hoc ca chng trnh.

Bng 1.8. Cc c nh ca cc lnh trong chng trnh trn PLC h CP1E

Tn K

hiu

Phn

mm

CX-P

Chc nng

C bo li ER P_ER

Bt ON khi lnh dng d liu BCD mun s

dng d liu khng phi dng BCD

Bt ON khi tham s ca lnh khng hp l (v

d gi tr vt ra ngoi khong)

C bo li truy

cp AER P_AER

Bt ON khi truy cp vo vng nh khng

c php

C nh CY P_CY

Bt ON khi s lng s tng hay gim khi

thc hin lnh s hc

Cc lnh dch d liu v s hc c th dng

c ny nh 1 phn ca qu trnh thc hin

C bng = P_EQ

Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu bng

Bt ON khi kt qu thc hin bng 0 vi cc

lnh tnh ton hay copy d liu

23

C khng bng < > P_NE Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu khng

bng

C ln hn > P_GT Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham

s 1 > tham s 2

C ln hn hay

bng >= P_GE

Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham

s 1 >= tham s 2

C nh hn < P_LT Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham

s 1 < tham s 2

C nh hn hay

bng

24

Mt cm bin siu m c dng pht hin t ang li gn ca. Mt cm

bin quang in c dng pht hin t ang i qua ca. PLC s nhn cc tn hiu

vo ny v iu khin ng c ng m ca.

Cm bin siu m

CP1E

Cm bin quang

Nt nhn

ng c iu khin

Hnh 1.14. M hnh cnh ca t ng

Cu 1.4 Hy xc nh c im, s lng I/O, v nh a ch I/O ca h thng

iu khin ng gi sn phm vi yu cu nh sau:

Khi nt bm PB1 (START) c bm, bng ti hp bt u chuyn ng. Khi

pht hin s c mt ca hp (Box conveyor) dng v bng ti to (Apple conveyor)

bt u chuyn ng.

Cm bin m (SE1) s m s lng qu to cho n khi t 10 qu. Bng ti

to lc ny s dng v bng ti hp hot ng tr li. B m s c reset v hot

ng c lp li cho n khi nt PB2 (STOP) c bm.

Cm bin to

Bng ti to

Cm bin hp

Start

Stop

Hnh 1.15. M hnh ng gi sn phm