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Book of Common Prayer Holy Cross Scholars Wade and Mary Hinkle February 11, 2018 1

Book of Common Prayer - holycrossepiscopal.orgholycrossepiscopal.org/docs/BCPpresentation-2-2018.pdf · A Short History of the Book of Common Prayer Thomas Whittaker, 1893 Author

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Book of Common PrayerHoly Cross Scholars

Wade and Mary HinkleFebruary 11, 2018 1

Today’s Discussion

•  History of the BCP

•  Structure of the BCP

•  A teaching tool: the Catechism

•  One last thing… –  Book of Occasional Services!

2

The Idea of a BCP•  Henry VIII split from Rome

–  But did not abandon liturgy

•  Edward VI, the “boy king”–  1537 – 1553–  Became king age 9

•  Strong religious instruction–  Richard Cox, John Cheke–  And Thomas Cranmer–  Edward writes 1549 tract

denouncing Pope as Antichrist 3

Edward as Prince of Walesattrib. to William Scrots, 1546-7?

Queen’s Drawing Room, Windsor Castle

Thomas Cranmer•  Henry VIII’s Archbishop of

Canterbury–  Annuls marriage to

Catherine of Aragon•  1st vernacular service

–  Exhortation and Litany (1544)–  From Sarum Rite–  A blend of John Chrysostom,

Coverdale, and Martin Luther•  Communion rite (1548)

–  Communion in 2 forms

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Portrait of Thomas Cranmer Gerlach Flicke, 1545

National Portrait Gallery, London

1549 BCP•  Daily and Sunday worship

–  Occasional services plusBaptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Funerals

–  Propers–  Lectionary

•  Familiar yet radical–  Familiar liturgy and language–  But rubric was revolutionary–  E.g., communion not for

priest alone5

Book of Common Prayer prob. edition published by Edward Whitchurche, 1549

6

Edward VI and the Pope: An Allegory of the Reformationc1570s?

National Portrait Gallery, London

Prayers Against the Pope

“From all sedition and private conspiracy, from the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities, from all false doctrine and heresy, from hardness of heart, and contempt of thy word and commandment,

Good Lorde, deliver us.”

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Letany to Be Used Upon Sundayes, Wednesdayes, and Fridayes Book of Common Prayer, 1552

Other English Prayer Books•  Edward VI’s 2nd BCP (1552)

–  Emphasis on Eucharist•  Bloody Mary (1553-58)

–  Latin Mass; martyrs•  Elizabethan BCP (1559)

–  Restores 1552 book•  Jacobean BCP (1602)

–  Counters 1559’s “Catholicism”•  English Civil War (1642-1651)

–  BCP outlawed 1645•  Caroline BCP (1662)

–  KJV–  Anglicans, “high Anglicans,”

and Nonconformists8

Facing the congregation, or not?

Post-1549 British BCPs

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15591552 1604 1662

1662 prayer book still in use today in the Church of England

Directory for Public Worship

•  English Civil War (1642-51)–  “Roundheads” (Puritans)–  “Cavaliers” (Royalists)

•  Demand to abolish episcopacy–  “Root and branch”–  BCP was a “branch”–  Outlawed 1645

•  Used until Restoration of Charles II (1660)

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Directory for Public Worship London, 1651

American Prayer Books•  1789

–  English, with a Scottish lilt–  “Revised” with “standard

editions”•  1892

–  Attempt to standardize–  Conflict between “high” and

“low” church•  1928

–  Language updates; new Psalms translations

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William Reed HuntingdonA Short History of the Book of Common Prayer

Thomas Whittaker, 1893Author very influential in 1892 BCP

1979 BCP•  Fixing 1928

–  Doctrine (Scripture, Eucharist)

–  Form (liturgy too fixed)–  Laity (more involved)–  Language (modern,

gender neutral)•  New features

–  New services (e.g., Holy Week, adoption)

–  Variety (“roll your own” Eucharist)

–  Enriched (e.g., expanded catechism) 12

Still controversial today, butavailable as an app

American BCPs

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189217891865 “standard

edition”

1928 1979

electronic Common Prayerwww.churchpublishing.org/products/electroniccommonprayerecp20

Today’s Discussion

•  History of the BCP

•  Structure of the BCP

•  A teaching tool: the Catechism

•  One more thing… Book of Occasional Services!

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BCP: In Outline

•  Introductory material

•  The Daily Office•  The Great Litany•  The Collects•  Liturgies for Special

Days•  Holy Baptism•  The Holy Eucharist

•  Pastoral Offices•  Episcopal Services•  The Psalter•  Prayers•  Catechism•  Historical

Documents, Tables, and Lectionaries

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Daily Office

•  Ancient practice•  Uses prayers to mark

time of day•  Simplified in BCP to

two:–  Morning Prayer–  Evening Prayer

•  Structure–  Psalms, Scripture

Reading, Verses and Responses, and Set Prayers

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Read it or blog itdailyoffice.org

The Great Litany

•  Intercessory prayer•  Ancient (5th century)•  Often chanted•  First Cranmer prayer•  When

–  Before Eucharist–  Or after Collects in

Morning or Evening Prayer•  Penitential tone

–  So esp. appropriate in Lent

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Early scoringFrom www.richardliantonio.com

Collects

•  Latin: collecta–  Gathering of the people to

pray•  Five parts

–  Invocation–  Acknowledgement–  Petition–  Aspiration–  Pleading

•  BCP versions from Cranmer•  In 1979 BCP

–  Collect of the Day follows the Gloria and precedes readings

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Readings for the First Sunday in Advent, from 1789 BCP published

in 1865.

Liturgies for Special Days

•  Ash Wednesday•  Palm Sunday•  Maundy Thursday•  Good Friday•  Holy Saturday•  The Great Vigil of

Easter

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Holy Week has its own liturgies

Baptism

•  Initiatory rite into the Christian Church

•  “Simplified” by Cranmer–  More “authentic”

•  Traditional days:–  Easter Vigil–  Pentecost–  All Saints Day–  Epiphany I–  Visitation of the

Bishop

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BaptismFrom 1810 printing of Church of England’s

Book of Common Prayer

The Holy Eucharist

•  Substantial revision in 1979 BCP–  Based on ancient

practice–  Principal act of

Christian worship•  Two versions:

–  Rite I: 1928-style; penitential

–  Rite II: 4 versions; modern language

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80% of all communion wafers in the USare made by the Cavanagh Company of

Greenville, Rhode Island

Structure of the Eucharist

•  Preparation–  Collect for Purity, Gloria,

Collect of the Day•  Liturgy of the Word

–  Readings, Homily–  Creed, Prayers of the

People, Confession, Peace•  Liturgy of the Eucharist

–  Great Thanksgiving–  Breaking of the Bread

•  Dismissal

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The Rev. Allison Cheek November 10, 1974

St. Stephen and the IncarnationWashington, DC

1st celebration by a woman priest

Pastoral Offices & Episcopal Services

Pastoral•  Confirmation•  Marriage•  Thanksgiving for a

Child•  Reconciliation•  Ministration to the

Sick•  Burial

Episcopal Services•  Ordination of a… •  ... Bishop•  … Priest•  ... Deacon•  New Ministry•  Church

consecration

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Prayers & Thanksgivings for…

Prayers•  The world•  The Church•  National life•  The social order•  The natural order•  Family and personal

life•  Other things

Thanksgivings•  General

thanksgivings•  The Church•  National life•  The social order•  The natural order•  Family and personal

life

24

Today’s Discussion

•  History of the BCP

•  Structure of the BCP

•  A teaching tool: the Catechism

•  One last thing… –  Book of Occasional Services!

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Episcopal Catechism

•  Catechize–  To teach orally, by

questions and answers •  BCP, p. 844

–  “[A] commentary on the creeds, but… not meant to be a complete statement of belief and practices”

•  Especially organized for “inquiring strangers”

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Catechism webpageSt. Paul’s Episcopal Church

Magnolia Springs, AL

Catechism

•  Human Nature•  God the Father•  The Old Covenant•  The Ten

Commandments•  Sin and Redemption•  God the Son•  The New Covenant•  The Creeds•  The Holy Spirit

•  The Holy Scriptures•  The Church•  The Ministry•  Prayer and Worship•  The Sacraments•  Holy Baptism•  The Holy Eucharist•  Other Sacramental

Rites•  The Christian Hope

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Today’s Discussion

•  The “Nick” comic book moment

•  History of the BCP

•  Structure of the BCP

•  A teaching tool: the Catechism

•  One last thing… –  Book of Occasional Services!

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Book of Occasional Services

•  Just when you thought you knew it all!–  “Concerning the Advent

Wreath”–  “Blessing for a Pregnant

Woman”–  “Discernimiento sobre

la fundación de una iglesia”

•  And… Exorcism!–  Please call the bishop

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“Concerning Exorcism”Book of Occasional Services 2003 p. 174

“[T]hose who find themselves in need of such a ministry should make the fact known to the bishop…”

Summary

•  Now you know…•  History of the BCP•  Content•  How to read the Catechism

•  And...

•  You can win a bar bet by asking:

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”Does the Episcopal Church do exorcisms?”

Thanks for Coming!

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