Brabete- Prod Lact Acide

8/16/2019 Brabete- Prod Lact Acide

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TEHNOLOGIA PREPARATELOR LACTATE ACIDE

LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC”TUDOR VLADIMIRESCU”- IMIANȘPROFIL: RESURSE NATURALE SI PROTECTIA MEDIULUICALIFICAREA: TEHNICIAN ÎN INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARĂ

PROIECT DE CERTIFICARE A CALIFICĂRII PROFESIONALE A

ABSOLVENŢILOR INVĂTĂMÂNTULUI

LICEAL, FILIERA TEHNOLOGICA

NIVEL 4

ELEV: COORDONATOR:Brăbete Emilia Grigoriţa Prof.CINTEZ NICOLETA

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2/22


TEHNOLOGIA PREPARATELOR

LACTATE ACIDE

2


3/22


4/22


ARGUMENT

Pro)!e"e "(c#(#e (c')e re,re9'%#( '% co%!7!" ,o,!"('e' o &r!,( #'%#( ,r'%("o(re( %!#r'#'(;'%!'r'"e e%9or'("e ' *!%c#'( (%o&e%e#'c( ,e c(re o )e#'%.

Te$%o"o&'( )e o+#'%ere ( (ce#or "(c#(#e e +(9e(9( ,e '%!'r'"e "(,#e"!' c! +(c#er''"(c#'ce '% (c') "(c#'c ' ("coo"e#'"'c.I% Ro7(%'(;e ,ro)!c ' e co7erc'("'9e(9( *re&e%# !r7(#o(re"e ,ro)!e "(c#'ce(c')e:'(!r#;"(

,#e +(#!#;"(,#e (c')o*'";e%( 'c$e*'r!".

A(%#( (c') "(c#'c? ' ("coo"'c(=4;2-1;4>o"!7!" ("coo"!"!' e#'"'c? ( "(,#e"!' ,r'%(c#'!%e( +(c#er''"or "(c#'ce;(ce#'ce ' ( )ro


5/22


Ace# ,ro)! e *o"oe#e c! !cce '% re*(cere( 7'cro*"ore' '%#e#'%("e '% c(9!"#r(#(7e%#e"orc! (%#'+'o#'ce.

Î% (ce(#5 "!cr(re (7 c!,r'% #o# ce( ce (7 B%5(# B% ce' ,(#r! (%' )e co("5;(r&!7e%#8%) B% 7(re 75!r5 #o(#e cer'%e"e B% '&o(re. Î% co%'%!#!" "!cr5r'' (7 #r(#(# #o(#ee"e7e%#e"e c(re "e co%'%e "(,#e"e ' (#*e" (7 (*"(# ' )eco,er'# "!cr!r' %o' )e c(re e! %!

#'(7 c5 e@'#5 B% "(,#e. De9o"#8%); 7o)er%'98%) ' '%#ro)!c8%) %o' #e$%o"o&''; '%)!#r'( ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e -(7o)er%'9(# !!r8%) (#*e" 7!%c( 7!%c'#or'"or.

A7 (*"(# c5 "(,#e"e e#e ("'7e%#!" ce" 7(' *rece%# co%!7(# )e o7 ' (%'7("e B%c5 )'% ce"e7(' ec$' #'7,!r'. E#e $r(%( )e +(95 ( co,''"or %o!-%5c!' ' ( ,!'"or )e (%'7("e c(re B'(

#r(#(re ( "(,#e"!' co%#'#!'e !%!" )'% *(c#or'' )e#er7'%(%' ,e%#r! cre#ere( c(%#'#5'' ' c("'#5''( ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e )'% (r5.

LAPTELE e#e !% "'c$') )e c!"o(re ("+-&5"+!'e ecre#(# )e &"(%)( 7(7(r5 (7(7'*ere"or. Î% #o(#e cr'er'"e ec$' ce e re*er5 "( co%)'''"e )e '(5 ("e ,o,o(re"or c(re (! #r5'# c! 7'' )e(%' B%('%#e( ere' %o(#re B% E!ro,( B% 9o%( M5r'' Me)'#er(%e c!%o#e(! "(,#e"e ,e c(re B"co%!7(! c( (#(re ' !+ *or75 )e ,ro)!e; B% ,ec'(" +r8%9e#!r'. Î% "!cr(re( ( ece 7'' )e(%' )e ,ro)!c'e )e "(,#e” M'c$e" Ro+"'% (r(#5 c5 e!ro,e%'' )e ,e 7("!r'"e V'#e'"e' ' ("e

N',r!"!'; #r57o' (' "(#'%'"or ' &er7(%'"or; c!%o#e(! )e


6/22


CAP. #. Pro'e()l te*+ologi' ge+eral ,e fabri'are a -ro,)(elorla'tate a'i,e

Î% #e$%o"o&'( ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e (c')e (! (,5r!# ,!'%e 7o)'*'c5r' B% !"#'7!" #'7,; -(!re("'9(# ,!'%e ,ro&ree B% co7,(r('e c! ce"e o+'%!#e "( *(+r'c(re( ("#or c(#e&or'' )e ,ro)!e"(c#(#e. Ace#e ,ro)!e e ,re#e(95 7(' &re! "( 7ec(%'9(re( ,roce!"!' )e *(+r'c('e ,ro,r'!-9'; )(#or'#5 %ece'#5'' 7e%'%er'' !%e' (%!7'#e co%'#e%e c(r(c#er'#'ce *'ec5r!' or#'7e%#;cee( ce e@c"!)e 7(%er(re( B% r(c ( ,ro)!!"!' c! (

,r'7'#e B% '%#re,r'%)ere ' B% rece,'( c("'#(#'5. Rece,'( c("'#(#'5 (re co,!" 5 #(+'"e(c5 B%ce 75!r5 "(,#e"e re,ec#' core,!%)e )'% ,!%c# )e e)ere *'9'co-c$'7'ce ' +(c#er'o"o&'c*(+r'c5r'' ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e (c')e.

L(,#e"e #re+!'e 5 *'e )e *o(r#e +!%5 c("'#(#e = (c')'#(#e 7(@'75 244 T ,e%#r! "(,#e"e

'%#e&r(" ' 214 T ,e%#r! "(,#e"e )e&re(# ?; ,roe%'# %!7(' )e "( (%'7("e 5%5#o(e; 5 %!co%'%5 !+#(%e co%er(%#e; (%#'+'o#'ce; !+#(%e c(re re)!c (c')'#(#e( (! "(,#e co"o#r!.

D'% ,!%c# )e e)ere 7'cro+'o"o&'c; "(,#e"e )e#'%(# *(+r'c5r'' ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e (c')e#re+!'e 5 *'e )e c("'#(#e !,er'o(r5. T'7,!" )e )eco"or(re( ("+(#r!"!' )e 7e#'"e% B% ,ro+(re)!c#(9e' #re+!'e 5 *'e )e 7'%'7!7 / ore.

1.2. Curăţirea de impurităţi .

Se e*ec#!e(95 ,r'% *'"#r(re; *'e ce%#r'*!&(".1.. Normalizarea laptelui .

Pr'% (ce(#5 o,er('e e ()!ce co%'%!#!" )e &r5'7e (" "(,#e"!' "( ("o(re( ,re59!#5 B%#(%)(r)e (! %or7e"e '%#er%e B% '&o(re.

1.. Tratarea termică a laptelui . De' ,(#e!r'9(re( )e )!r(#5 (re !% e*ec# +(c#er'c') (#'*5c5#or; 7e%'%8%)!-e #o#o)(#5 'c("'#5'"e or&(%o"e,#'ce; ,rec!7 ' B%#re(&( ("o(re +'o"o&'c5; %! e#e #o#!' '%)'c(#5 )eo(rece%! )'#r!&e "',(9( c(re ,ro)!ce $')ro"'9( &"'cer')e"or )'% "(,#e ' %! re("'9e(95 o $')r(#(re!*'c'e%#5 ( c(9e'%e' c(re co%)''o%e(95 o+'%ere( !%!' co(&!" )e%.

Se reco7(%)5 ,(#e!r'9(re( "(,#e"!' "( #e7,er(#!r' )e / - 3/4 C c! 7e%'%ere( )e 1/

- 4 7'%!#e. L( (ce#e #e7,er(#!r' r')'c(#e (re "oc )e%(#!r(re( ,ro#e'%e"or; c! )'#r!&ere("e&5#!r'"or '%#er7o"ec!"(re ' e"'+er(re( !%or "(%!r' "(#er("e c! &r!,5r' $')ro*'"e; c(re)e#er7'%5 o 75r're ( $')r(#5r'' !+#(%e"or ,ro#e'ce cee( ce B7+!%5#5e#e c(,(c'#(#e( )e*or7(re ( !%!' co(&!" )e%.

1./ . Răcirea laptelui .D!,5 ,(#e!r'9(re e r5ce#e "(,#e"e ,8%5 "( #e7,er(#!r( )e B%578%(re; c(re e#e ,ec'*'c5*'ec5r!' ,ro)! B% ,(r#e. Î% &e%er("; "(,#e"e e r5ce#e "( o #e7,er(#!r5 c(re )e,5e#e c! ,!'%#e7,er(#!r( o,#'75 )e )e9o"#(re ( 7'cro*"ore' ,ec'*'ce. Ace(#( e#e %ece(r5 ,e%#r! ((co,er' c5)ere( #e7,er(#!r'' B% #'7,!" 7(%',!"5r'"or ,re7er&5#o(re #er7o#(#5r''.

1.0. Însămânţarea.Î% "(,#e"e ()! "( #e7,er(#!r( )e #er7o#(#(re e '%#ro)!ce 7('(!( )e ,ro)!c'e; B% ,ro,or'e

c(re (r'(95 B% *!%c'e )e *e"!" ,ro)!!"!'; )e (c#''#(#e( 7('e"e'; )e c("'#(#e( "(,#e"!' ' )e ,roce!" #e$%o"o&'c *o"o'#.

0


7/22


Î%578%(re( "(,#e"!' e *(ce B% (%e ,re59!#e c! (&'#(#or.Î% #o# #'7,!" '%#ro)!cer'' 7('e"e' ' c$'(r c8#e( 7'%!#e )!,5 (cee(; "(,#e"e #re+!'e

(&'#(# e%er&'c; B% e)ere( re,(r#'95r'' c8# 7(' !%'*or7e ( 7('e"e'.1.. Ambalarea laptelui nsămânţat .

Se e*ec#!e(95 '7e)'(# )!,5 #er7'%(re( B%578%5r''. Se *o"oec B% (ce# co, ,($(re; +orc(%e)e 4;44 &; #'c"e )e 4;2/4 ' 4;/44 " c(,(c'#(#e (! (7+("(

R5c're( ,ro)!e"or "(c#(#e (c')e e *(ce B% !%( (! )o!5 e#(,e; "( #e7,er(#!r( )e 0 - 4

C )e o+'ce'.

P5#r(re( ,ro)!e"or e *(ce B% )e,o9'#e *r'&or'*'ce "( #e7,er(#!r' )e - 4 C ,e%#r!7(


8/22


CAP.!. Pro,)(e la'tate a'i,e

2.1. Ia)rt)l

I(!r#!" e#e !% ,ro)! "(c#(# (c') or'&'%(r )'% Pe%'%!"( 6("c(%'c5 ' A'( M'c5; c(re -

( r5,8%)'# B% ,re9e%# B% *o(r#e 7!"#e #(r'.Se ,o(#e ,re,(r( )'% "(,#e )e (c5; o('e; +'o"'5 (! )'% (7e#ec )e "(,#e )e "( (ce#e,ec''; '%#e&r("; ,(r'(" (! #o#(" 78%#8%'#; ,(#e!r'9(#; o7o&e%'9(# (! %!; co%ce%#r(# (!%eco%ce%#r(#.

S-( )oe)'# e@,er'7e%#(" c5 "(,#e"e )e o('e co%#'#!'e o 7(#er'e ,r'75 !,er'o(r5 *(5)e "(,#e"e ce"or"("#e ,ec'' )e (%'7("e. Î% (ce# "(,#e; +(c#er''"e ,ec'*'ce '(!r#!"!' e )e9o"#57(' +'%e; ,ro,or'( o,#'75 )'%#re ce"e )o!5 ,ec'' ,5#r8%)!-e !% #'7, 7(' B%)e"!%&(#.I(!r#!" )'% "(,#e )e o('e e"'7'%5 9er!"; ,re )eoe+'re )e ce" )'% "(,#e )e (c5.

Co7,o9''( "(,#e"!' ' B% ,ec'(" co%'%!#!" B% !+#(%5 !c(#5 ' %(#!r( 5r!r'"or7'%er("e e@erc'#5 o '%*"!e%5 )eoe+'#5 (!,r( co%'#e%e' '(!r#!"!'.

Pe%#r! ( o+'%e !% '(!r# )e c("'#(#e !,er'o(r5 c! o co%'#e%5 )e%5 ,e o #r!c#!r5

co"o')("5 7(' "e&(#5; c(re *r8%e(95 e,(r(re( 9er!"!' e reco7(%)5:- ,or're( co%'%!#!"!' )e !+#(%5 !c(#5 = )e%'#(#e( 1;4 ; #'#r!" ,ro#e'c /;4 - /;/ ? ,r'% (7e#ec(re( "(,#e"!' )e (c5 c! 14 - 4 > "(,#e )e o('e (! +'o"'5 ,r'% co%ce%#r(re (!()5!&(re )e "(,#e co%ce%#r(#; "(,#e ,r(* 78%#8%'# 1 - > (! '%#e&r("

- ()(o )e 14 - 1/ & c"or!r5 )e c("c'! "( 144 " "(,#e ,e%#r! ( corec#( )e*ec#!" )e co(&!"7o("e ce (,(re B% !r7( #r(#5r'' #er7'ce ,re"!%&'#e ( "(,#e"!'.

2.1.1. #c$ema te$nolo%ică de &abricareProcee"e #e$%o"o&'ce )e *(+r'c(re ( '(!r#!"!' e )eoe+ec; B% (%!7'#e "'7'#e )e

(r'('e ( ,(r(7e#r'"or; )e "( (r5 "( (r5.Î% ,e%'%!"( 6("c(%'c5 ' B% O"(%)( e#e 7(' r5,8%)'# '(!r#!" *"!'); "( %o' B% (r5 e

,re,(r5 '(!r#!" co7,(c#; c! o co%'#e%5 )e%5.

Co%'%!#!" )e &r5'7e (" "(,#e"!' )e#'%(# *(+r'c5r'' '(!r#!"!' (r'(95 7!"#. A#*e"; B%E"e'( e#e >; B% U%&(r'( / >; B% O"(%)( 2;/ >; B% Fr(%( 1;/ >. L( %o'; '(!r#!" )'% "(,#e)e (c5 e ,re,(r5 !+ #re' #',!r': #', e@#r(; #', &r( ' #', "(+.

Re&'7!" #er7'c o,#'7 )e #r(#(re ( "(,#e"!' ,e%#r! o+'%ere( !%e' co%'#e%e +!%e (

'(!r#!"!' e#e B%c5"9're( "( / - 3/4 C #'7, )e 1/ - 4 7'%!#e. Î% (ce#e co%)''' (re "oc)e%(#!r(re( ,ro#e'%e"or o"!+'"e c(re B% !r7( (c')'*'er''; ,rec','#5 B7,re!%5 c! c(9e'%(.To#o)(#5; crec8%) ,o'+'"'#5'"e )e $')r(#(re ( c(9e'%e'; e B7+!%5#5e#e co%'#e%(

,ro)!!"!'.

U%e"e ,roce)ee reco7(%)5 B%c5"9're( "(,#e"!' )e#'%(# *(+r'c5r'' '(!r#!"!' "( 114 - 1244

C.

P(#e!r'9(re( "(,#e"!' e *(ce B% O"(%)( "( /4 C c! 7e%'%ere( )e / 7'%!#e; B%Ger7(%'( "( 344 C c! 7e%'%ere( / - 14 7'%!#e; B% Fr(%( "( 14/4 C; '(r B% A%&"'( "(,#e"e e*'er+e #'7, )e / - 14 7'%!#e.

Î% c(9!" ,re,(r5r'' '(!r#!"!' #', e@#r(; "(,#e"e e co%ce%#re(95 !+ '); ,8%5 "( !%co%'%!# )e > &r5'7e ' 1/ > !+#(%5 !c(#5.

Î% c(9!" ()5!&5r'' "(,#e"!' ,r(* (! B% c(9!" co%ce%#r5r'' e#e o+"'&(#or'e o,er('( )e

o7o&e%'9(re. E( e e*ec#!e(95 "( /4 - 044 C ' "( o ,re'!%e )e 1/4 - 244 (#. E@'#5 '%#("(''c(re re("'9e(95 ,(#e!r'9(re(; co%ce%#r(re( ' o7o&e%'9(re( "(,#e"!' = Ger+'&; A"*( L((" ?.

O7o&e%'9(re( co%#'#!'e !%!" )'% 7'


9/22


S-( co%#(#(# B%c5 c5 &!#!" "(,#e"!' ,(r'(" o7o&e%'9(# e#e 7(' +!% )ec8# ( ce"!'co7,"e# o7o&e%'9(#. De (cee(; !%eor' e *o"oec ,e%#r! *(+r'c(re( '(!r#!"!' "(,#e"e ,(r'("o7o&e%'9(#.

L(,#e"e ,(#e!r'9(# e r5ce#e "( (,ro@'7(#' /4 C ' e B%578%e(95 c! 2 - > 7('(*(5 )e c(%#'#(#e( )e "(,#e ,re"!cr(#.

D!,5 (&'#(re; "(,#e"e e#e B7+!#e"'(# ' c(,!"(#. Re,(r#'9(re( "(,#e"!' B%578%(# B%

,($(re (! +orc(%e #re+!'e *5c!#5 r(,') ,e%#r! ( e e'#( r5c're( "(,#e"!' !+ #e7,er(#!r( )e#er7o#(#(re. Î% (ce# co,; '%#("(''"e )e !7,"!# #re+!'e 5 ('+5 c(,(c'#(#e( core,!%95#o(reo"!7!"!' ,ro)!c'e' )e '(!r# ( *(+r'c''. Fo(r#e reco7(%)(+'"5 e#e B%c5"9're( ,re("(+'"5 (

+orc(%e"or B% #er7o#(#e (! 7(' +'%e; ,r'% #recere( "or ,r'%#r-!% #!%e" )e B%c5"9're.Ter7o#(#(re( e *(ce B% +5' )e (,5; )!"(,!r' #er7o#(# (! c(7ere #er7o#(#; "(

#e7,er(#!r( )e 2 - /4 C ' )!re(95 2 - ore. E#e %ece(r 5 e !r75re(c5 7e%'%ere( !%e'#e7,er(#!r' )e *er7e%#(re c8# 7(' co%#(%#e ' 5 e e'#e '+r(''"e (! 7'c(re( rec','e%#e"orc! "(,#e.

Î% !%e"e 5r' e *o"oe#e !% ("# ,roce)e! c(re co%#5 B%#r-o #er7o#(#(re ,re("(+'"5 ((r


10/22


D!r(#( 7e%'%er'' B% )e,o9'#e"e *r'&or'*'ce #re+!'e 5 *'e c!,r'%5 B%#re 12 ' 2 ore. L(

e@,e)'ere( )'% '%#re,r'%)ere; '(!r#!" #re+!'e 5 ('+5 (c')'#(#e( 7(@'75 11/4 T ' #e7,er(#!r(

!+ 4 C.G!#!" !%!' '(!r# )e +!%5 c("'#(#e #re+!'e 5 *'e (cr'or; ,"5c!#. E" e#e )(# B% ,ec'(" )e

(c')'#(#e( "!'. L(c#o9( )'% "(,#e %! e c'%)e(95 co7,"e# = (,ro@'7(#' 1 - 1; > ?.Fer7e%#('( B%ce#e(95 c8%) co%'%!#!" B% (c') "(c#'c )e'%e 1;2 - 1;/ >. L( !%e"e ,ec'' )e

+(c#er'' "(c#'ce "'7'#( )e c'%)(re ( "(c#o9e' ,o(#e *' 7(' 7(re. A#*e"; L(c#o+(c'""! +!"&(r'c! ,o(#e *or7( ,8%5 "( > (c') "(c#'c; ()'c5 (,ro@'7(#' )e 2;/ or' 7(' 7!"# )ec8# ("#e +(c#er''"(c#'ce.

Aro7( '(!r#!"!' co%#'#!'e !%( )'% B%!'r'"e ce"e 7(' ,ec'*'ce ("e (ce#!'(; *''%) !%!")'% '%)'c'' '7,or#(%' (' c("'#5''. Se co%')er5 c5 (ro7( c(r(c#er'#'c5 ( '(!r#!"!' e )(#ore#eB% 7(re ,(r#e ,re9e%e' (")e$')e' (ce#'ce ,ro)!5 )e +(c#er''"e "(c#'ce B% ,roce!" *er7e%#5r''.S-( co%#(#(# e@,er'7e%#("; c( o c(%#'#(#e )e 4;444/ > (")e$')( (ce#'c5 B% "(,#e (! c$'(r B%(,5 '7,r'75 (ce#or( (ro7( ,ec'*'c5 '(!r#!"!'.

Co%'%!#!" B% '#(7'%e (" "(,#e"!' co%ce%#r(# e#e c! 24 - 4 > 7(' re)! )ec8# (" ,ro)!!"!' )'% "(,#e o+'%!#.

S-(! e*ec#!(# B% !"#'7'' (%' B%cerc5r' )e B7+o&5're ( '(!r#!"!' B% '#(7'%( C.Co%'%!#!" %(#!r(" )e (c') (cor+'c '7e)'(# )!,5 *(+r'c(re e#e B% 7e)'e 1 - 1;/ 7& >. Ace#co%'%!# 7(' c()e ,8%5 (.

'roprietăţile "i compoziţia iaurtului .Pro,r'e#5'"e or&(%o"e,#'ce; *'9'co-c$'7'ce ' 7'cro+'o"o&'ce ("e '(!r#!"!' !%# re&"e7e%#(#e

,r'% STAS 00/-02.

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Co(&!" )eco%'#e%5*er75; cre7o*5r5 +!"e )e &(9;%! e"'7'%5 9er(! e"'7'%57(@'7!7 2>;"( r!,ere (,ec#&r(%!"(r; ,oro.

C!"o(re ("+5 )e "(,#e (! c! %!(%5 "(+("+5-&5"+!'e &5"+!'eM'ro '&!#

,ec'*'c )e '(!r# ' "(,#e"!' )'% c(re ,ro'%e ,"5c!#; (cr'or; *5r5 &!# (!7'ro #r5'%

Pro,r'e#5'"e or&(%o"e,#'ce ("e '(!r#!"!'C(r(c#er'#'c' I(!r# )'% "(,#e )e (c5 I(!r# )'% "(,#e )e

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11/22


C(r(c#er'#'c'"e c$'7'ce ("e '(!r#!"!'C(r(c#er'#'c' I(!r# )'% "(,#e )e (c5 I(!r# )'% "(,#e )e

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11


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13/22


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14/22


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18/22


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20/22


CAP. /. Defe'tele -ro,)(elor la'tate a'i,e

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21/22


G!# (c') ,ro%!%(# e )(#ore#e (c!7!"5r'' !%e' c(%#'#5' ,re( 7(r' )e (c') "(c#'c.Ace(#( (re "oc B% c(9!" !%e' *er7e%#('' ,re"!%&'#e (! "( )e,5're( #e7,er(#!r'' )e#er7o#(#(re.

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G!#!" "e'e#'c (! )e 7(" e )(#ore#e "!' S#re,#ococc! "(c#'; (r'e#(#e( 7("#'&e%ec! c(re e '%*ec#e(95 7('e"e"e (! "(,#e"e. M('e"e"e c! !% (#*e" )e )e*ec# %! ,o# *' *o"o'#e B%

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21


22/22


Bibliografie:

G. C*i+te(')E. Pă'e(')

G. C*i+te(')E. Pătra0')

R. 1or+

22

Pre"!cr(re( "(,#e"!' B% *er75E)'#!r( A&ro-'"'c5

A&e%)5 ,e%#r! '%)!#r'( "(,#e"!'E)'#!r( Te$%'c(6!c!re#' 13

M'cro+'o"o&'( "(,#e"!'E)'#!r( Cere

6!c!re#' 133

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