Britannia by Zeba

8/9/2019 Britannia by Zeba

1/50


2/50

Lfyf`qhjiokbbada

7


3/50

OAWSINIOFSA

Sjis is k oawiny ja }wklao tkwh aeibacsqcy kegwifeeif jfs gaae ofwwiackq gy @s%%gafwiedwkbbek%% qecaw `y sq}aw~isikedqicfeoa fec sqgìac ie }fwifb nqbnibbàe knwavqiwaàe nkw ja ftfwc kn }wklao wa}kw kegwifeeif% Cqwied ja }awikc kn =7-=>-

7==9 k=7-=4-7==9%

?


4/50

OKESAES_ Fohektbacda`ae

]wanfoa

Wfeh kn Gwifeeif f`ked kjaw gwfecs

Jiskwy kn Gisoqis

Niefeoifb }awnkw`feoa

Okca kn okecqo

@fwhaied swfwady

]wkcqo k~aw~iat

Sja kwidie kn Gwifeeif

Gkeqs fec Ci~icaec jiskwy

Ok`}fey k~aw~iatI% Tjf `fhas f Gwifeeif%

II% OfwwiawsIII% _qooass nfokw kn Gwifeeif

Gwifeeif gfsha kn dkkcias

_tk fefbysis kn Gwifeeif

Ok`}aikws

Gkfwc kn ciwaokws

okeobqsike

Gigbikdwf}jy

3


5/50

FOHEKTBACDA@AESF tkwh is ea~aw f tkwh kn fe

ieci~icqfb% I kta f saesa kn dwfiqcak jaIeabbidaeoa fec ok-k}awfike knjksa }ak}ba tjk jfc gaae sk afsy kba àQecawsfec tjf i eaacac nwkìà k ià nkw ok`}baike kn jisazobqsi~a]wklao %

I tfe k az}wass `y dwfiqcaktfwcs @w%WFLA_J siw" @fefdaàeNfoqby" nkw di~ied à fe k}}kwqeiyk ck jis }wklao%

Bfs gq ek ja bafs" i tkqbc biha knkwtfwc `y dwfiqca k `y nwiaecs .Kjaw nfoqby à`gaws tjk fbtfysaecqwac à fec skkc gy à fectijkqTjk` I okqbc ek jf~a ae~isfdac ja

ok`}baike kn `y }wklao%

1


6/50

]WANFOASk sfw fey gqsieass ja sqooassaeiwaby ca}aecs ke ja `fwhaiedwasafwoj ckea fgkq ja }fwioqbfwfec ja okesq`aw fiqca ktfwcsja }wkcqo% @fwhaied wasafwoj}bfys f ~ifb wkba ie f gqsieass k`fha i sqooass%

I jf~a wiac k }q `y gas annkw kok`}baa jis fsh ke ja gfsis kn

shibb jfI jf~a fojia~ac cqwied `y sqciasie ja iesiqa%

I jf~a wiac k }q `y `fzi`q`

annkw k da ja fooqwfa sfisiofbcff%

>


7/50

Jkta~aw I tkqbc f}}waoifa in fey`isfhas fwa gwkqdj k `a gy ja

wafcaw%

4


8/50

:


9/50

9


10/50

6=


11/50

Jiskwy kn gisoqis

_taa kw sfby% _kn kw owqeojy% _i`}ba kw azkio% A~awygkcy bk~as `qeojied ke gisoqis" gq ck

jay hekt jkt gisoqis gadfe;

Sja jiskwy kn gisoqis ofe ga wfoac gfoh k f waoi}a owafac gy ja Wk`fe ojan F}ioiqs" ie

tjioj 'f jioh }fsa kn niea tjaf nbkqw tfs gkibac fec s}wafc kq ke f }bfa% Tjae i jfc cwiac

fec jfwcaeac i tfs oq q} fec jae nwiac qeib owis}" jae saw~ac tij jkeay fec }a}}aw%'

Sja tkwc $Gisoqi$ is cawi~ac nwk` ja Bfie tkwcs $Gis$ *àfeied $tioa$) fec $Okoqs$ *àfeied

okkhac kw gfhac)% Sja tkwc $Gisoki$ is fbsk ja daeawio aw` nkw okkhias ie Ifbife% Gfoh jae"

gisoqis tawa qebaf~aeac" jfwc fec jie tfnaws tjioj" gaofqsa kn jaiw bkt tfaw okeae"

tawa icafb nkkc k skwa%

Fs }ak}ba sfwac k az}bkwa ja dbkga" gisoqis gaofà ja icafb wf~abbied nkkc sieoa jay

sfyac nwasj nkw bked }awikcs% Sja safnfwied fda" jqs" tieassac ja gkk` kn gisoqis tjae

jasa tawa safbac ie fiwidj okefieaws k bfs nkw `kejs f f ià% Jfwc wfoh gisoqis

*afwbias ~awsike kn ja gisoki fec }wasae-cfy owfohaws) tawa }fw kn ja sf}ba cia kn Aedbisj

fec Fàwiofe sfibkws nkw `fey oaeqwias% Ie nfo" ja okqewias tjioj bac jis safnfwied ojfwda"

sqoj fs jksa ie Tasawe Aqwk}a" fwa ja keas tjawa gisoqis fwa `ks }k}qbfw a~ae kcfy%

Gisoki is sfic k jf~a gaae f nf~kqwia kn Ojwisk}jaw Okbq`gqs tjk cisok~awac Fàwiof&

@fhied dkkc gisoqis is vqia fe fw" fec jiskwy gafws asi`key k jf% Cqwied ja 64j fec

6:j Oaeqwias ie Aqwk}a" gfhied tfs f ofwanqbby okewkbbac }wknassike" `fefdac jwkqdj f

sawias kn $dqibcs$ kw }wknassikefb fsskoifikes% Sk gaokà f gfhaw" kea jfc k ok`}baa yafws kn

f}}waeioasji} - tkwhied jwkqdj ja wfehs kn f}}waeioa" lkqweay`fe" fec niefbby `fsaw

gfhaw% Ek keby jis" ja f`kqe fec vqfbiy kn gisoqis gfhac tawa fbsk ofwanqbby `keikwac%

Sja Aedbisj" _okoj fec Cqoj i`ìdwfes kwidiefbby gwkqdj ja niws okkhias k ja Qeiac

_fas fec jay tawa ofbbac afofhas% Sjay tawa knae nbf~kqwac tij ekjied `kwa jfe ja

nieas gqaw" skàiàs tij ja fcciike kn f nat cwk}s kn wksa tfaw% Okkhias ie Fàwiof

tawa fbsk ofbbac gy sqoj efàs fs 'lq`gbas'" '}bqehas' fec 'owy gfgias'%

Fs aojekbkdy i`}wk~ac cqwied ja Iecqswifb Wa~kbqike ie ja 69j oaeqwy" ja }wioa kn sqdfw

fec nbkqw cwk}}ac% Ojaìofb baf~aeied fdaes" sqoj fs gfhied skcf" gaofà f~fibfgba fec f

}wknqsike kn okkhia waoi}as kooqwwac% Sjis bac k ja ca~abk}àe kn `feqnfoqwac okkhias%

Ieawasiedby" fs ià jfs }fssac fec cas}ia `kwa ~fwiaias gaokìed f~fibfgba" ja assaeifb

iedwaciaes kn gisoqis jf~ae$ ojfedac - biha $skn$ tjaf nbkqw *tjioj okefies bass }wkaie

66


12/50

jfe ja nbkqw qsac k gfha gwafc) sqdfw" fec nfs" sqoj fs gqaw fec kib% Skcfy" jkqdj jay

fwa hekte gy cinnawae efàs ja tkwbc k~aw" }ak}ba fdwaa ke kea jied - ekjied gafs ja

gisoqi&

_kà ieawasied nfos ke ja kwidie kn kjaw nkw`s kn gisoqis kq kn 4 hay }wkcqo

sadàes" ja keby azoa}ike gaied Dbqoksa%

Sja gqsieass okeieqac k nfoa ienbfikefwy }wassqwa ie hay wft `fawifbs sqoj fs tjaf nbkqw" wanieac }fb`

kib" shi`àc ìbh }ktcaw fec kjaw cfiwy }wkcqos" fs tabb fs aeawdy okss% Sjasa tawa `kwa jfe knnsa ke

ja oks sica jwkqdj k}awfikefb fec }wkoqwaàe annioiaeoias" }wkcqoi~iy i`}wk~aàes" oks wacqoike

6?


14/50

}wkdwf`s fec ke ja wa~aeqa sica jwkqdj i`}wk~ac }wkcqo `iz fec jidjaw wafbisfike" ficac gy swked

okesq`aw knn fha%

Jiskwy kn dwktjwfas

63


15/50

SAE YAFW NIEFEOIFB _SFSI_SIO_ < 6999 - 7==:

Ws% `ibbike

Fs f + Yafw aecac ?6s @fwoj 6999 7=== 7==6 7==7 7==? 7==3 7==1 7==> 7==4 7==:

Fssas a`}bkyac

Nizac fssas bass Ca}waoifike .

F`kwisfike6"?1? 6"?=> 6"1:: 6">?7 6"3:6 6"7:? 6"??: 6"16> 7"633 7"1=4

Ie~as aes 6"79? 6"34= 7"61> ?"6=3 7"9>9 7"96? ?"?=6 ?"199 ?"7== ?":=:

Ea oqwwae fssas 6: >1 714 197 434 3? *3:1) ?=9 19> 7"=47

@isoabbfeakqs az}aeciqwa - 677 6>? 764 7>= 3>? ?37 6>6 71> 7?7

7">>3 7"9>? 3"6>3 1"131 1"314 3"4=7 3"39> 1"1:1 >"69> :">69

Niefeoac gy

Avqiy sjfwas 6:> 749 749 7>9 719 716 7?9 7?9 7?9 7?9

Wasaw~as . _qw}bqs 6"?=: 6"1:> 7"67? ?"3?= ?">1? 3"=19 3"69> 1"717 1"9=9 4"?69

Bkfe nqecs 6"64= 6"=9: 6"4>7 6":3> 6"131 ?97 >6 93 3: 6"=>6

7">>3 7"9>? 3"6>3 1"131 1"314 3"4=7 3"39> 1"1:1 >"69> :">69

]wknis fec f}}wk}wifikes

_fbas 6="?=6 66">9:6?"?7

1

63"16

=

6?"39

6

63"4=

1

6>"61

3

6:"64

9

7?"64

67>"644

]wkni gankwa Ca}waoifike" F`kwisfike

fec Sfz4?1 9>7 6"?>9 6">?= 6"477 7"716 7">31 7"76: 6163 7"47?

Ca}waoifike fec F`kwisfike 619 647 6:9 73= 7>6 773 69= 764 71? 796

]wkni gankwa fz fec Azoa}ikefb ia`s 14> 49= 6"6:= 6"?9= 6"3>6 7"=74 7"311 7"==6 6"7>6 7"3?7

Azoa}ikefb ia`s - *69) *36) 6"7=6 67 *6:?) *717) > *44) *6=9)

]wkni gankwa fz , 14> 446 6"6?9 7"196 6"34? 6":33 7"7=? 7"==4 6"6:3 7"?7?

Sfzfike 6:= 7>6 3?3 119 3:7 >1> 461 13? 6=:36?

]wkni fnaw fz ?9> 16= 4=1 7"=?7 996 6"6:: 6"3:: 6"3>3 6"=4> 6"96=

Ci~icaecs 6=7 671 61? 7=6 716 747 ??3 ?1: ?1: 3?=

Sfz ke ci~icaec 66 63 6> - ?7 ?1 34 1= >64?

Cagaeqwa Waca`}ike Wasaw~a - - 34 63 6: - - - - -

61


16/50

6>


17/50

Okca kn okecqo

Sja wa}qsfsike sjfs Gwisfeeif jf gqibs k~aw sja yafw nkw jidj asjiofb sfecfwc i kea kn kqw

dwafsas gqiea fas% Sk jfwa sja wa}keigibisy sk }waaw~a fec aejfeoa sji fas" sjaok`}fey jf ckoq`aesac sja Okca kn Gqsieass Okecqo *OKGO) nkw is a`}bkyaa% Sji

jfecgkkh ok~aw sja Okca ie casfib%

Sja OKGO kqsbiea sja }wieoi}ba" }kbioia fec bft sjfs dk~awe sja fosi~isia kn sja ok`}fey"

fec sk tjioj a`}bkyaa kn Gwisfeeif fec ksjaw tjk tkwh tisj" kw wa}waaes Gwisfeeif ciwaosby kw

ieciwaosby" `qs fcjawa% Sja Okca i ciswigqsac sk fbb a`}bkyaa fec ciwaoskw fec ksjawfkoifsac tisj sja gqiea kn sja Ok`}fey" fec knnaw dqicfeoa nkw }wknaikefb okecqos qecaw

iz `fie jafcied" tjioj ieobqca sja nkbbktied hay }kies 61=%==

7==4 61=%==

7==: 6:=%==

Gkeqs Jiskwy

Yafw Gkeqs ]fwioqbfws

69>6 6 avqiy sjfwa nkw a~awy 7 sjfwas jabc

69>> 3 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy 6= sjfwas jabc

69>: 7 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy ? sjfwas jabc

6946 7 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy ? sjfwas jabc

694> 4 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy 6= sjfwas jabc

69:3 7 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy 1 sjfwas jabc

69:4 7 avqiy sjfwas nkw a~awy 1 sjfwas jabc

699= 6 avqiy sjfwa nkw a~awy 7 sjfwas jabc7=== 6 avqiy sjfwa nkw a~awy 7 sjfwas jabc

77


23/50

Tjf `fhas f gwifeeifes

In ykq jieh Gwifeeifes fwa azwfkwciefwy ieci~icqfbs tjk fwa }fssikefa fgkq a~awyjied jay ck

owafa ies}iwfike jwkqdj a~awyjied jay ckfec sqooaac ie a~awyjied jay ckykqwa }wkgfgby

widj% Gwifeeifes fwa jfec-}iohac nkw f siedqbfw }qw}ksak }aw}aqfbby aesqwa @fwha Bafcawsji} fec

daeawfa aza`}bfwy }awnkw`feoa ie a~awy nqeoike%

Gwifeeifes azjigi ja nkbbktied bafcawsji} gajf~ikws *ta nkecby ofbb GQBGs Gwifeeif Qei~awsfb

Bafcawsji} Gajf~ikws)


27/50

Sjf az}bfies tjy ja ok`}fey is ek keby az}fecied is gisoqis

wfeda tij ~fwifikes" i is fbsk }fwfbbabs ticaeied is }wasaeoa ie ja

gwafc" wishs fec ofhas `fwha kk%

74


28/50

OKE_Q@AW GQYIED GAJFÎKWQecawsfecied ja gqyied gajf~ikw kn ja fwda `fwha is ja assaeifbfsh kn`fwhaied `fefdaàe qecaw `fwhaied okeoa}% Sja okesqàw

`fwha okesisskn fbb ja ieci~icqfbs fec jkqsajkbcs tjk gqy kw fovqiwa dkkc fecsaw~ioas nkw}awskefb okesq`}ikes% Sja gqyied gajf~ikw wias k niec kq jafestaws nkw javqasikes" tjk gqys; Jkt ck jay gqy; Tjawa ck jay gqy; Ck jaygqy;

*F) NFOSKW_ IENBQAEOIED OKE_Q@AW GQYIED GAJFÎKWSjawa fwa nkqw `flkw nfokws jf ienbqaeoa ja gqyied gajf~ikw sqoj fsoqbqwfbnfokws" skoifb nfokws" }awskefb nfokws" fec }syojkbkdiofb nfokws%

i% OQBSQWFB NFOSKW_< Oqbqwa is ja `ks nqecfàefb caawìefekn f}awske tfes fec gajf~ikw% ^fbqas" }awoa}ikes" }wanawaeoas" fecgajf~ikw fwa ja `fie ~fwifgba qecaw oqbqwa kn fe ieci~icqfb% Afojoqbqwaokefies sqg-oqbqwa biha efikefbiy" wabidikqs dwkq}" dakdwf}jiofb fwaf"fec biedqisio ci~isikes ao%

ii% _KOIFB NFOSKW_< F okesqàw gajf~ikw is fbsk ienbqaeoac gy skoifbnfokws sqoj fs ja okesqàw wanawaeoa dwkq} nfìby fec skoifb wkbasfecsfqs%

iii% ]AW_KEFB NFOSKW_< F gqyaw caoisike is fbsk ienbqaeoac gy jis kw}awskefb ojfwfoawisios" ekfgby ja gqyaws fda" binasyba" kooq}fike"aokekìo oiwoq`sfeoas ao%

]_YOJKBKDIOFB NFOSKW_< f }awske gqyied ojkioa is fbskienbqaeoac gy nkqw`flkw }syojkbkdiofb nfokws sqoj fs `ki~fike" }awoa}ike" bafweiedgabian fecfiqcas%

7:


29/50

*G) GQYIED CAOI_IKE ]WKOA__I ieobqcas gqyied wkbas" y}as kn gqyied fec sa}s ie gqyied

}wkoass%

I% GQYIED WKBASja gqyied wkba okqbc ga obfssiniac iek nkqw }fws% Sjasa fwaieiifkw" ienbqaeoaw"caoicaw fec gqyaw%

II% SY]A_ KN GQYIED GAJFÎKWOkesqàw caoisike fhied ~fwias tij ja y}a kn gqyied caoisike%Sjawa fwa nkqwy}as gqyied gajf~ikw sqoj fs Ok`}baz gqyiedgajf~ikw" Jfgiqfb gqyiedgajf~ikw" ^fwiay saahied gqyied

gajf~ikw%

III% _SFDA_ IE GQYIED CAOI_IKE ]WKOA__Jawa fwa ni~a sfdas ie gqyied caoisike }wkoass efàby }wkgba`waokdeiikesafwoj" a~fbqfike kn fbawefi~as }qwojfsa caoisikefec }fs }qwojfsa gajf~ikw%

EAAC WAOKDEISIKESja gqyied }wkoass sfws tij ja gqyaws waokdeiike kn f

}wkgba` kn eaac% Sjagqyaw saesas f cinnawaeoa gataae jis foqfbsfa fec casiwac sfa%IENKW@FSIKE _AFWOJSjawa fwa cinnawae skqwoas nwk` tjawa f okesqàw ofe dfjawienkw`fike biha}awskefb skqwoas ok`àwoifb skqwoas" az}awiàefb skqwoas%A^FBQFSIKE KN FBSAWEFSIÂ_Fnaw dfjawied ienkw`fike fgkq cinnawae }wkcqos ja oqskàwtibb ga ie f nqss

fs k ojkksa tjioj }wkcqo f`ked ja `fieby fbawefi~asokesqàw qsqfbbya~fbqfa ja fbawefi~as ke wfciikefb gfsis" ke ja gfsis kn qibiynqeoike ao%nwk` ja `fey fbawefi~a okesqàws f bfs ojkksa ja gas keankw ji`%

79


30/50

BISAWFSQWA WAÎAT@fwhaied

@fwhaied is f skoiafb }wkoass gy tjioj ieci~icqfbs fec dwkq}skgfie tjf jayeaac fec tfe jwkqdj owafied" knnawied fecnwaaby azojfedied }wkcqos fecsaw~ioas kn ~fbqa tij kjaws kwkjaw tisa i is ja }wkoass kn }bfeeied fecazaoqied jaokeoa}ike" }wioied" }wk`kike fec ciswigqike kn icafs"dkkcs"saw~ioas k owafa azojfedas jf sfisny ieci~icqfb feckwdfei|fikefb dkfbs%

@fwhaied _wfady@fwhaied swfady is f sa kn kglaoi~as" }kbioias fec wqbas jf

bafcs jaok`}fey$s `fwhaied annkws% I is ja `fwhaied f}}wkfoj kfook`}bisj jagwafc kglaoi~a kn ja `fwhaied f}}wkfoj kfook`}bisj ja gwafc kglaoi~a knja `fwhaied }bfe% Sja ~fwikqs}wkoass kn `fwhaied swfady fwa di~ae gabkt%

6% _abaoied bfwdas `fwhas sadàefike7% ]ksiikeied?% ]wkcqo

3% ]wioa1% ]bfoa>% ]wk`kike4% Wasafwoj fec ca~abk}àe:% @fwhaied wasafwoj

?=


31/50

@fwhas ad`aesfsike fec abaosied sfwdas `fwhas6% }wkcqo


32/50

3% ]wioa


33/50

Nafqwas ]fy`ae }awikc ]qgbio wabfikeBkofikesGwfec ef`a Owaci aw`s Ciwao `fwhaiedIe~aekwy]fohfdied Swfes}kw

_i|as_aw~ioas

Gwifeeif gfsha kn dkkcias

Sidaw

??


34/50

Dkkccfy

gkqwgke

?3


35/50

1=-1=

@fwia dkbc

Swaf?1


36/50

@ibh gihis

Eqwif ojkioa

?>


37/50

Si`a }fss *ei`haa)

Biba jafws

?4


38/50

?:


39/50

Eioa i`a

Cfiby nwasj

?9


40/50

_jqg hff`efiae

3=


41/50

_TKS FEFBY_I_ KN GWISFEEIF

_waedj

Nqbnibb kea kn kqw GfsioWavqiwaàe f`ked Fiw " Tfaw

Nkkc" _jabaw Ticaby fooa}ac ie fbbDaeawfikes

Afsiby f~fibfgba ie ~fwikqs nkw`s

]wk~ica dkkc Iesfe WaàcyNkw jqedaw ie ja nkw` knWafcy`fca nkkc

]wasaw~as ja eke safskefbNkkc fec `fhas i f~fibfgba fbbSjwkqdjkq ja yafwTafheass

Caowafsas eqwiikefb ~fbqa

Ieowafsas ja oks kn nkkc]wkcqo

Iecqswy fec aojekbkdyWavqiwas jidj ie~asàe

Wadqbfw qsfda kn }wkoassacNkkc ofe ofqsa fbawfike ieJafbjK}}kwqeiias

Ieowafsa aokek`y kn Iecif

Daeawfa a`}bkyàeK}}kwqeiy

Dkkc vqfbiy kn Dkkcs

]wk~ica ok`}aiike k nkwaideOk`}feias

I`}wk~a bi~ied sfecfwc

]wk~ica dkkcs k efike fOjaf}aw wfa

Ienbkt kn nkwaide wasaw~a fecNqecs nkw ja dk~ *fzas)

Sjwafs @fey ok`}feias fwa wasqbKwiaeac

Ieowafsa ie }kbbqike

_kàiàs }wk~ica }kkw vqfbiyKn }wkcqo nkw `kwa }wkni

Bfoh kn aojekbkdy

Qefgba k qibi|a fbb ja

36


42/50

OK@]ASISKW_Daeawfbby fbb kwdfei|fikes jf~a ok`}aikws ie ja `fwha% F }fwioqbfwkwdfei|fike fbtfys ok`}wisas tij kjaw sf`a gqsieass fec fookwcied k

`fwha sjfwa ta obfwiny ja gwfec kn }wkcqo is di~ied `kwa ojfbbaeda k `y}wkcqo%I nkqec `fey }wkcqos tjioj ofe ga ok`}fwac tij Gwifeeif Gisoqi% Fs fokeobqsike I nkqec jf }fwioqbfwby ie `y }wk~icac fwaf Gwifeeif is wafbbyckiedtabb fec is }awnkw`feoa is ke sqw}wisied ba~ab% Cqwied ja niabc tkwh fec fnawieaesi~a sqcy i tfs nkqec jf `fie ok`}aikw kn]WIYFDKBC gisoqis isGWISFEEIF fs ja `fwha bafcaw%Ie `y }wk~icac fwaf ja sjfwa kn ja `fwha is fs nkbbkts%GWISFEEIF 3:!]WIYFDKBC 7=!

]FWBA-D 6>!]QWA NKKC :!KSJAW_ :!Tjae ta ok`}fwac tij kjaw gqsieassas jae ta nkbbkt ja vqfbiy" }wioa"ciswigqike sysa`" }wk`kikefb swfady ao% kn ja ok`}aikws Gwifeeif iejisfwaf is ckied tabb%_k jis is ja ok`}fwiske tij kjaw gisoqis gwfecs% Fookwcied k kqw nieciedstankqec jf GWISFEEIF is ja `fwha bafcaw nkbbktac gy GWISFEEIF gisoqis%Sjasa tk gisoqis ok`}feias ja bike$s sjfwa ie ja 7"7== owkwa gisoqis

iecqswy%

37


43/50

Gkfwc kn ciwaokws

DFQSF@ GFEAWLAA Daeawfb @fefdaw - @fawifbs

F_JKH HQ@FW DQ]SF - Daeawfb @fefdaw - Fookqes . ]bfeeied

W H FDWFTFB - Daeawfb @fefdaw @feqnfoqwied

W _ _QGWF@FEIF@ - Daeawfb @fefdaw Saojekbkdy" _wfady" ]wklaos . Aedieaawied

FEQWFCJF EFWF_I@JFE - Ofadkwy Ciwaokw - Jafbj . Tabbeass

_JFBIEI CADFE - Ofadkwy Ciwaokw - Cabidj . Binasyba

GFBFLI WACCI]FBBI - Jafc Wa}baeisjàe

W% FEFEC - Gqsieass K}awfikes Ciwaokw

LAJFEDIW SFEHFWITFBF - Daeawfb @fefdaw - Jq`fe Waskqwoas

ÎEKC @AEKE - Jafc kn GE\N

_JWICJFW ]FE_JIHFW - Efikefb _fbas @fefdaw

]QWEAECQ WKY - Jafc kn W.C

^% @FCFE - Ok`}fey _aowafwy . Jafc kn Badfb

Cw% H%E% _JF_JIHFESJ - Okw}kwfa Vqfbiy Fssqwfeoa @fefdaw

^FBIÂSI ^ ]FC@FEFGJF@ - Okw}kwfa @fefdaw - Ienkw`fike _ysa`s

ÎEISFGFBI

îeif Gfbi tfs f}}kieac @fefdied Ciwaokw ke ?6s @fy 7==>% îeif lkieac fs Ojian Azaoqi~a Knnioaw kn ja

Ok`}fey ie Lfeqfwy 7==1% _ja waoai~ac jaw Gfojabkw$s Cadwaa ie Aokekìos nwk` B_W f ja Qei~awsiy kn Cabji fec

jaw @GF f ja Lfèfbfb Gflfl Iesiqa kn @fefdaàe _qcias f Gk`gfy Qei~awsiy% _ja }qwsqac }ksdwfcqfa

sqcias ie Gqsieass fec Aokekìos f @iojidfe _fa Qei~awsiy ke f sojkbfwsji} nwk` Sja Wkfwy Nkqecfike" fec tfs

sabaoac k tkwh fs f Dwfcqfa Ieawe f ja Qeiac Efikes jafcvqfwaws ie Eat Ykwh%

_ja sfwac jaw ofwaaw tij ^kbfs Bc%-f Sff Dwkq} ok`}fey nkoqsied ke okesqàw }wkcqos" tjawa sja bfqeojac

Wfsef skn-cwieh okeoaewfa% Ie 69:=" îeif lkieac Ofcgqwy Iecif" tjawa sja jfc f sqooassnqb ofwaaw ie wkbas kn

ieowafsied was}kesigibiy" ek lqs ie Iecif" gq fbsk ie ja QH" Eidawif fec _kqj Fnwiof% îeif fbsk saw~ac ke ja

Gkfwcs kn Ofcgqwy Eidawif fec Ofcgqwy _kqj Fnwiof%

Sja Okof-Okbf Ok`}fey ojksa jaw fs is tkwbctica @fwhaied Ciwaokw ie 6993 tjawa sja tfs was}kesigba nkw ja

tkwbctica swfady nkw Okha" fec tfs kea kn ja hay }bfyaws ie ckqgbied is jiskwiofb dwktj wfa% Ie 6994 sja kkh

3?


44/50

k~aw fs îoa ]wasicae kn @fwhaied nkw Bfie Fàwiof" fec ie 6999 wabkofac k Ojiba fs ]wasicae kn ja Fecafe

Ci~isike tij sfbas ie azoass kn Q_C 6 Gibbike% Ie 7==6" sja tfs `fca f okw}kwfa knnioaw kn Sja Okof-Okbf Ok`}fey

fec f}}kieac îoa ]wasicae kn Okw}kwfa _wfady wa}kwied k ja Ojfiw`fe%

Fnaw fe a~aenqb eiea-yafw fsskoifike tij Okha" îeif lkieac jaw àekw f Okha" _awdik \y`fe f ja \y`fe

Dwkq} ie Lqby 7==? fs f @fefdied ]wieoi}fb fec Jafc kn ja Gqsieass _wfady }wfoioa ie ja ok`}fey$s Fbfefknnioa% Fs f à`gaw kn ja ok`}fey$s Gkfwc kn @fefdaws" îeif sjfwac was}kesigibiy nkw ca~abk}ied fec `fefdied

\y`fe Dwkq}$s okesqbied gqsieass%

WFLA_JH%BFB

Wflasj Hq`fw Bfb jfs gaae casidefac fs îoa ]wasicae fec Ojian Saojekbkdy Knnioaw tij annao nwk` 6s Kokgaw

7==:% Ie jis eat wkba" Wflasj Bfb tibb bafc ok`}fey$s aojekbkdy swfady fec }bfes nkw fbb gqsieassas Gfhawy" cfiwy fec

fey kjaw eat gqsieass ieiifi~as" gkj ckàsiofbby fec ieawefikefbby%

Wflasj Bfb lkieac Gwifeeif fs îoa ]wasicae fec Jafc kn K}awfikes ie Lfeqfwy 7==1 fec tfs was}kesigba nkw

aejfeoied sq}}by ojfie annioiaeoias gy nkoqsied ke }qwojfsa" }wkoqwaàe" `feqnfoqwied fec bkdisios%

Wflasj dwfcqfac fs f ojaìofb aedieaaw nwk` IIS Cabji fec fbsk jkbcs f cadwaa kn @fsaw kn F}}biac _oiaeoa *Ojaìofb

Aedieaawied) nwk` Qei~awsiy kn Kftf%

Wflasj s}ae `ks kn jis ofwaaw f Jiecqsfe Ba~aw ie ja aojeiofb nqeoike kn saied q} fec wqeeied `feqnfoqwied

qeis" fefdied ja sq}}by ojfie" fec tkwhied tij okewfo }fohaws ie Iecif fec Fsif%

]%_JYF@_QECAW

_jyf` jfs gaae tij ja Ok`}fey nkw k~aw 63 yafws cqwied tjioj ià ja jfs sqooassnqbby jfecbac f ~fwiay kn

fssideàes% Ja lkieac ja ok`}fey ie 6996 k asfgbisj ja Dwkq} Ieawefb Fqci nqeoike fec `k~ac k jafc ja

@q`gfi gwfeoj gataae 699> fec 6999 cqwied tjioj }awikc ja gwfeoj waokwcac i`}wassi~a dwktj% Ie 6999" ja

waqweac k ja Azaoqi~a Knnioa k fha ojfwda kn ja Ienkw`fike _ysa`s fec sqgsavqaeby ja Bkdisios nqeoikes%

33


45/50

_jyf` jfs sqooassnqbby wa~f`}ac Gwifeeif$s IS bfecsof}a fec jfs bac sa~awfb owkss-nqeoikefb }wklao af`s ieobqcied

_F] i`}baàefike fec ]wklao Cjwq~ tjioj jf~a cabi~awac sideiniofe gaeanis ie aw`s kn kwdfeisfikefb annioiaeoias

fec oks sf~ieds%

Fs îoa ]wasicae fec Jafc kn Vqfbiy ja is was}kesigba nkw ja vqfbiy fssqwfeoa kn ja aeiwa wfeda kn }wkcqos ~if

f}}wk}wifa vqfbiy `fefdaàe fec fqci }wkoassas fowkss ja sq}}by ojfie% Ja tkwhs obksaby tij ]wkoqwaàe"K}awfikes" _fbas . @fwhaied" ]wkcqo Ca~abk}àe fec Jq`fe Waskqwoas% Ie fcciike" _jyf` is fbsk was}kesigba nkw

okeieqfbby wa~iatied fec i`}wk~ied k}awfied }wkoassas fowkss nqeoikes k `fha sysa`s `kwa annioiae" was}kesi~a

fec wkgqs%

EAAWFLOJFECWF

Eaawfl Ojfecwf" jfs gaae casidefac fs îoa ]wasicae fec Ojian K}awfied Knnioaw" tij annao nwk` 6s Kokgaw 7==:%

Ja tibb jf~a ja ]bfeeied . Wa}baeisjàe nqeoike wa}kwied k ji " ie fcciike k _fbas . @fwhaied%

Eaawfl Ojfecwf lkieac Gwifeeif ie Lqby 7==1 fs îoa ]wasicae - @fwhaied" _fbas fec Ieek~fike" was}kesigba nkw

kwojaswfied ja wa~aeqa sica kn ja gqsieass%

Ja dwfcqfac fs fe Abaowiofb Aedieaaw nwk` IIS Hfe}qw nkbbktac gy fe @GF nwk` II@ Fjàcfgfc" ja niws lkieac

Jiecqsfe Ba~aw fec jfecbac ci~awsa fssideàes ie _fbas fec @fwhaied" ie f ofwaaw s}feeied tk caofcas fec}wkdwassied wf}icby nwk` @fefdaàe Swfieaa k îoa ]wasicae%

Eaawfl jfs wioj fec ~fwiac az}awiaeoa ie _fbas fec @fwhaied nwk` Iecif fec fwkqec ja tkwbc% Ie Jiecqsfe Ba~aw ja

tkwhac ke gqibcied sa~awfb }ktaw gwfecs biha ]kec$s" Nfiw fec Bk~aby" Bqz" Binagqky fec Obieio% Jis wadikefb

fssideàes jf~a }wk~icac ~fbqfgba az}ksqwa k ja @iccba Afs fec ja ok`}aii~a `fwhas kn Ojief fec ja Nfw

Afs%

WFLQSJK@F_

Wflq Sjk`fs jfs fhae k~aw fs ja Ojian Niefeoifb Knnioaw" tij annao nwk` ?wc Ek~a`gaw 7==:%

31


46/50

Wflq okàs tij azaesi~a az}awiaeoa ie Jiecqsfe Qeiba~aw% Cqwied jis 74 yafws tij ja Ok`}fey ja jfecbac sa~awfb

niefeoifb fec ok`àwoifb wkbas ie ja Jkà fec ]awskefb Ofwa" Nkkcs fec Fei`fb Naacs gqsieassas% Ie fcciike ja

jfecbac sa~awfb okw}kwfa wkbas biha sfqkwy fec `fefdaàe fookqeied" nfokwy fec gwfeoj fookqeied fec

ieawefb fqci%

Ja jfs jfc owkss nqeoikefb az}ksqwa ie J%W%" s}aoiniofbby ie ja wa`qeawfike fwaf% Ja jfs fbsk tkwhac ie ja Qeiba~aw

Jafc Knnioa ie QH nkw ? yafws% Jis bfs fssideàe tfs fs ^% ]% Niefeoa ie Jiecqsfe Qeiba~aw%

FSQB_IEJF

Fqb _iejf lkieac Gwifeeif ke 7ec Lqby 7==4 fs îoa ]wasicae - Eat Gqsieass Ca~abk}àe% Ie jis wkba ja tibb bafc

Gwifeeif ieiifi~as ie icaeinyied fec ca~abk}ied eat }wkcqo-`fwha sadàes kqsica ja oqwwae bieas kn gqsieass"

fs Gwifeeif }wkdwassas ktfwcs gaokìed ja nfsas dwktied fec gas nkkc gwfec ie ja okqewy%

Jis bfs fssideàe tfs jf kn îoa ]wasicae - @fwhaied fec _fbas tij Fdwk Saoj Nkkcs Biìac tjawa ja tfs

fsskoifac tij ja sqooassnqb bfqeoj kn _qecwk} Jafw% Ja fbsk }q ie }bfoa f sfbas swfady k az}bki ja dwktied

@kcawe Swfca% ]wikw k jf" fs Fsskoifa Ciwaokw nkw Kwfb Ofwa `fwhaied tij Okbdfa ]fb`kbi~a Bc" ja wa~i~ac ja

dwktj kn Okbdfa tij ja wabfqeoj kn Okbdfa Caefb Owaf` fec kjaw eat }wkcqos% Ja tfs fbsk Jafc kn _fbas tij

Waohi Gaeohisaw%

F dwfcqfa kn _jwi Wf` Okbbada kn Ok`àwoa tij fe @GF nwk` ZBWI" Fqb sfwac jis ofwaaw fs f @fefdaàe Swfieaa

ie kbfs%

3>


47/50

OKEOBQ_IKEFnaw dkied jioh ke ja jied" ekt ià is k `fha f ok`}baa }ioqwa% Tjiba`fhied f }wkcqo f _HQ *_koh Haa}ied Qei) kn ja sjk} wafibaws jieh fgkq

ja D@WKI *Dwkss @fwdie Waqwe Ke Ie~asàe) fec jay }wk`ka ja gwfectjioj }wk~ica ja` jidjas% Sjay az}ao waqwe ie ja nkw` kn }wkni `fwdie"ok`}fey sojaàs" tieckt cis}bfy fec wanawaeoas kn ja sjk}% F`ked jasa"ok`}fey sojaàs `fha ja cinnawaeoas fec fwa ja jidjas skqwoa kn`ki~fikefnaw }wkni `fwdie% Wafibied ca`fecs f okesfe }qsj nwk` ja ok`}fey%

@fwhaaw eaacs k qsa fc~awisied fec gwfec gqibcied swfadias k fccwassjacisoaweied gqyaws fec wafib }qsj k ie cinnawae gqyaws% Sja `feqnfoqwawsjkqbc

qecawsfec okesqàw gajf~ikw gaofqsa wafibaws ofe$ jab} vqfbiy fec }wioa%I iskeby q} k cafbaws sfic i is ca`fec jay sabb Gwifeeif 37! fdwaa jf fwafibsjk} i is gwfec }k}qbfwiy" tjioj caawìea ja }qwojfsa kn gisoqi%

Sjawa is f dwafaw eaac k qecawsfec ja wafibaw gajf~ikw okesicawied ja`fs faf` tkwhied nkw ja ok`}fey `fy jab} ja` k ga ffojac k jaok`}fey%Sjawa sjkqbc ga naabied kn gabkedied k ja ok`}fey ie ieeaw kn ja wafibaws%

_aied ~fbqas obqg nkw wafibaws sk jf jay `fy azojfeda ~iats tij jaok`}fey fec jab} ie qecawsfecied okesqàw gajf~ikw%

34


48/50

Gigbikdwf}jy

Gkkhs

FQSJKW HAEEASJ DWFJF@A

SISBA SJA TIEC IE SJA TIBBKT

]BFOA KN ]QGBIOFSIKE EAT YKWH

3:


49/50

@FDF\IEA

FQSJKW DIBBIFE WIOJFWC_KESISBA F OK@]FEY SKTECFSA KN I__QA @FY-73 7==7

39


50/50

IESAWEASTTT%GWISFEEIF%OK%IE

Documents

Britannia by Zeba