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8/11/2019 BT1 - Siteworks
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Part 1Material of Construction
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1.1 Acronyms:
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASTM American Society of Testing Materials
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
USCS Unified Soil Classification System
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
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1.2 Standard Tests
AASHTO
Classifies inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials in terms of good drainage and bearingcapacity
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Defines particle sizes as:
a. Boulders
above 75mmb. Gravel 75mm to No. 10 Sieve
c. Coarse Sand No. 10 to No. 40 Sieve
d. Fine Sand No. 40 to No. 200 Sieve
e. Silt Clay Particles passing no. 200 Sieve
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1.2 Standard Tests
ATTERBERG LIMITS tests performed on soils passing the no. 40sieve (Fine Sand)
a. Liquid Limit (LL) moisture content at which a soil changesfrom liquid state to the plastic state.
b. Plastic Limit (PL)
the water content at which a silt claymaterial will just begin to crumble when rolled into a tread.
c. Plasticity Index (PI) defined as the liquid limit minus theplastic limit .
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
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1.3 Fill Materials
a. Fill Materials
- Soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raise andexisting grade, or as a man-made deposit, generallyused under spread footings, pavers, or concrete slabs
on grade.
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
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1.3 Fill Materials
b. Granular Fill or Filters
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
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1.3 Fill Materials
c. Borrow Fill
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Soil materials
suitable as fill
or subgrade.
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1.3 Fill Materials
d. Base Course Materials
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
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Eskumbro - Earthfill
Tagalog time:
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1.4 Riprap (Rock Lining)
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
A constructedlayer or facing astone, placed toprevent erosion,scourging orsloughing of astructure orembankment.
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1.5 Gabion Systems
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Wire-enclosedriprap consistingof mats or basketsfabricated from
the wire mesh,filled with smallriprap andanchored to aslope.
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1.6 Geosynthetic
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Construction materials consisting of synthetic componentsmade for use with or within earth materials.
Earth materials plus synthetics Geotextiles
Geomembranes
Geocomposites
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Geo-membrane
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Are for silt fenceapplications. They
serve the purpose offiltering runoff, the
mechanism by which
they function isdifferent than
subsurface drainageor erosion control
application.
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Geo-composites
A. Siteworks
A.1. Earthworks
Usually sheet oredge drains
consisting of aprefabricated core
to which ageotextile is
bonded.
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Two types:
1. Physical barriers2. Chemical Barrier
A. Siteworks
A.2. Termite Proofing
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3.1 Subgrade and Base Course Materials
A. Siteworks
A.3. Roads and Parking
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3.2 Surface Paving Materials
a. Hot Mix Asphalt or AsphalticConcrete
- a dark brown to blackcementite's material, solid orsemi-solid, composed of bitumenwhich occur in nature but are
obtained artificially in petroleumand which when mixed withgraded aggregates is used aspaving material by placing,shaping and compacting whilehot over a prepared base.
A. Siteworks
A.3. Roads and Parking
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3.2 Surface Paving Materials
b. Cold Mix Asphalt orAsphaltic Concrete
- prepared with
relatively light and slow
curing asphalt, placed over asurface without heat, hardens
to a state that is less firm and
durable than hot mix.
A. Siteworks
A.3. Roads and Parking
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3.2 Surface Paving Materials
c. Asphalt Macadam- formed by grading
and compacting layers of
crushed stone or gravel, then
binding the top layer withasphalt to stabilize the stone
provided a smoother surface
and seal against water
penetration.
A. Siteworks
A.3. Roads and Parking
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3.2 Surface Paving Materials
d. Asphalt Overlay- when one or more
courses or layers of asphalt
levelling course made of an
asphalt and aggregatemixture of variable thickness
to correct the contour of
existing surface, are placed
on existing pavement.
A. Siteworks
A.3. Roads and Parking