ភាគ ២

វចនន កមពទធ សន ែខមរ - អងេគលស

Part II

Khmer - English Buddhist Dictionary

   

អក រកត

adj. Adjective eccl. ecclesiastical

(K.) in Khmer usage lit. Literally

(mis.) Misleading n. Noun v. verb * newly coined Pali term

េ បបេធបអក ររ មងែដលេ បជបល

អ ឥ ឦ ឧ ឩ ឯ ឱ a à i ì u ù e o

ក ខ គ ឃ ង k kh g gh æ

ច ឆ ជ ឈ ញ c ch j jh ñ

ដ ឋ ឌ ឍ ណ å åh ð ðh ä

ត ថ ទ ធ ន t th d dh n

ប ផ ព ភ ម p ph b bh m

យ រ ល វ ស ហ ឡ ◌ y r l v s h ø ç

(ö ឬ ŋ)

នេម តស ភគវេ អរហេ សមម សមពទធស ។

សពបបស អករណ កសលស បសមបទ

សចតបរេយទបន ឯត ពទធ ន សន ។

Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa. Sabbapàpassa akaraäaç, Kusalassùpasampadà, Sacittapariyodapanaç; Etaç Buddhàna sàsanaç. 

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កកងខា (Kaækhà) doubt; uncertainty.

កដតាត កមម (Kaåattàkamma) casual act; cumulative or reserve kamma.

កឋន (Kaåhina) the Kathin ceremony; the annual robe-presentation ceremony (in the month following the end of the Rains Retreat); postlenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat Robe-Presen-tation.

កណឌ (Kaäða) 1. a chapter, portion or part (of a religious book). 2. a sermon.

កណឌ េទស (Dhammadesanàpùjà*, Dham-makathikadeyya*) offerings for a sermon.

កតញញតា (Kataññutà) gratitude; grateful-ness; appreciation.

កតញញ (Kataññù) adj. grateful; obliging; knowing the done favour.

កតញញកតេវទតា (Kataññùkatavedità) the quality of being a grateful person; gratitude; gratefulness.

កតញញកតេវទ (Kataññùkatavedì) one who is thankful for benefits received and reciprocates them.

កតតាត កមម េមល កដតាត កមម កតេវទ (Katavedì) one who reciprocates

the done favour. កថាវតថ (Kathàvatthu) 1. “Points of

Controversy”; name of the fifth book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka. 2. a subject of discussion.

កបប , កលប (Kappa) 1. an aeon; world-

aeon; world-age; world-cycle; world-period. 2. the life-term; life-period; the duration of life.

កបបនា (Kappanà) 1. merit dedicated to the departed. 2. េមល អគារដាកកបបយវតថ

កបបពនទ (Kappabindu) a smudge that makes a new robe allowable; dark mark or small black dot applied to a new robe to make it lawful. v. (ដាកកបបពនទ ) to make a robe allowable by applying a disfiguring smudge (by which the owner can also identify it); mark with a smudge.

កបបយការកៈ (Kappiyakàraka) one who makes things suitable for a monk; attendant of a monk.

កមម (Kamma) 1. karma; kamma; a volitional action; action; deed; good and bad volition. 2. work; job; activity; transaction.

កមមកេលស (Kammakilesa) an action causing impurity; depravity of action; vice of conduct.

កមមដឋាន (Kammaååhàna) subjects of meditation; meditation exercises; the act of meditation or contemplation; ground for mental culture.

កមមនយាម (Kammaniyàma) order of act and result; the Law of Kamma.

កមមបថ (Kammapatha) course of action; way of action; kamma as the way leading to the woeful or blissful existences.

កមមភព (Kammabhava) kamma-process;

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the active process of becoming. កមមវាចា (Kammavàcà) the formal words

of an act; text of a formal act, i.e. a motion (ញាតត ) together with one or three proclamations (អនសាវនា ) that may follow.

កមមវាចាចារយ (Kammavàcàcariya) Act-Announcing Teacher; (First) Ordina-tion-Teacher.

ករណា (Karuäà) compassion; pity. កលលៈ (Kalala) the embryo in the first

week after conception. កលយាណមតតតា (Kalyàäamittatà) good

frien-dship; good company; association with the virtuous.

កសណ (Kasiäa) a meditational device; object of meditation; the method of inducing concentration by gazing at any of the ten objects, viz., earth, water, fire, air, blue, yellow, red, white, space and light.

កាម (Kàma) sense-desire; desire; sensua-lity; an object of sensual enjoyment; sensual pleasures.

កាមគណ (Kàmaguäa) sensual pleasures; objects of sensual enjoyment.

កាមឆនទៈ (Kàmachanda) sensual desire; excitement of sensual pleasure.

កាមតណហ ា (Kàmataähà) sensual craving; craving for sensual pleasures.

កាមភព (Kàmabhava) the sphere or state of existence dominated by sensual pleasures; Sensuous Existence; Sense Sphere.

កាមរាគៈ (Kàmaràga) sensual passion; sensual lust; sense-desire; sensuality; desire for sensual pleasures.

កាមេលាក (Kàmaloka) the world of sense-desire; the Sense Sphere; the world of sensual pleasures.

កាមវតកក (Kàmavitakka) thought of sensual pleasures.

កាមសខ (Kàmasukha) worldly happiness; happiness arising from sensual pleasures.

កាមសខលលកានេយាគ

(Kàmasukhallikànuyo-ga) self-indulgence; sensual indul-gence; the constant attachment to sensual pleasures.

កាមសមចាឆ ចារ (Kàmesumicchàcàra) sexual misconduct; sensual misconduct; unlawful sexual intercourse; adul-tery.

កាមសវរៈ (Kàmasaçvara) sexual restraint.

កាមាវចរ (Kàmàvacara) belonging to the Sense Sphere.

កាមាវចរភម (Kàmàvacarabhùmi) the Sensuous Plane of Existence; the Sense Sphere; the Sensuous Sphere.

កាមបាទាន (Kàmupàdàna) sensuous cling-ing; attachment to sensuality.

កាយ (Kàya) 1. the body; material body. 2. the body of psychic factors, namely, Vedanà, Saññà and Saækhàra.

កាយកមម (Kàyakamma) bodily action; actions performed by the body.

កាយគតាសត (Kàyagatàsati) mindfulness

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with regard to the body; reflection or contemplation on the 32 impure parts of the body.

កាយទចចរត (Kàyaduccarita) misconduct by the body; bodily misconduct; misconduct in action.

កាយទវារ (Kàyadvàra) 1. the body-door; bodyavenue; the outlet of bodily senses. 2. the body-door; the channel of bodily action.

កាយវញញតត (Kàyaviññatti) bodily intima-tion; bodily expression.

កាយវញាញ ណ (Kàyaviññàäa) body-con-sciousness; consciousness by means of touch.

កាយវេវក (Kàyaviveka) seclusion of the body.

កាយសងខារ (Kàyasaækhàra) bodily forma-tion, i.e. in-breath and out-breath.

កាយសមផសស (Kàyasamphassa) bodily contact; bodily touch.

កាយសចរត (Kàyasucarita) good conduct in action; good conduct by the body; bodily good conduct.

កាយានបសសនា (Kàyànupassanà) the con-templation of the body; mindfulness as regards the body.

កាយកទកខ (Kàyikadukkha) physical pain; bodily pain; physical suffering.

កាយកសខ (Kàyikasukha) physical happi-ness; bodily happiness.

កាលញញតា (Kàlaññutà) the quality of one who knows the proper time; knowing the proper time; knowledge of how to choose and keep time.

កាលមរណៈ (Kàlamaraäa) timely death. កាសាវពរសត (Kàsàya, Kàsàvavattha)

cloth dyed with astringent decoction; the yellow robe; ochre robes.

កចចវតត (Kiccavatta*) religious routine; daily religious observances.

កចាច ធករណ (Kiccàdhikaraäa) business to be enacted by the Sangha; legal questions concerning obligations; duties.

ករយាចតត (Kiriyàcitta) functional conscious-ness; inoperative consciousness.

កេលស (Kilesa) defilements; impurities; impairments.

កេលសកាម (Kilesakàma) sensuality as defilement; subjective sensuality; desire; lust.

កករណេយស ទកខតា (Kiækaraäìyesu dakkha-tà) the willingness to give a helping hand.

កកកចច (Kukkucca) remorse; brooding; confusion; repentance; worry.

កងស (Guäassàmì*) a title unoffi-cially used in speaking to or of a monk of a higher rank; “Chao Khun”; “The Right Venerable”. េមល រពះរាជាគណៈ

កដ (Kuåì) an abode of a Buddhist monk or novice; a monk’s cell; a monk’s lodging; dormitory; living quarters of monks.

កលបកៈ (Kulupaka) a family-frequenter; family-friend monk; family mentor.

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កសល (Kusala) adj. wholesome; merito-rious; moral; skilful; kammically wholesome. n .merit; good action; virtue; the good; wholesome action.

កសលកមម (Kusalakamma) wholesome or meritorious action; right conduct.

កសលកមមបថ (Kusalakammapatha) the ten-fold way of good action; the tenfold wholesome course of action.

កសលចតត (Kusalacitta) meritorious

thought; moral or wholesome consciousness.

កសលេចតនា (Kusalacetanà) right or whole-some volition; good intention.

កសលមល (Kusalamùla) (the three) roots of good; root of good action; kammically wholesome root; the wholesome roots.

កសលវតកក (Kusalavitakka) wholesome thought.

កហនា (Kuhanà) deceit; fraud; hypocrisy; trickery.

េកតថម េមល ជាតេរកាយ េកតមាលា (Ketumàlà) garland of rays

round the Buddha’s head; the halo. េកាធៈ , េរកាធ (Kodha) anger; furious

or wrathful passion.

េកាសៈ (Kosa*) mortuary urn; funeral urn.

េកាសជជៈ (Kosajja) idleness; indolence; sloth.

កេណត េមល េយាន េកមងវតត (Àràmika; Àràmika-kumàra;

Daharàràmika; Kappiyakàraka) temple boy. េមល សសសវតត

រកសងធមមការ (Sàsanàdhikàra*) Department of Religious Affairs.

រកាបវនទា (Abhivàda) to bow to the ground; to pay respect by making the five-point prostration; to prostrate.

រកាលកឋន េមល កឋន រកាលរគង (Attharati) v. to spread;

stretch; lay out; carry out (the kaåhina robe-making ceremony).

េរកាកទទល , ការ (Paccuggamana) rising to receive.

កលស (Mahàchatta, Dussakuåikà) a sun-shade; an umbrella-like tent.

កសរត (Khattiya) 1. a man of the warrior caste; the warrior-ruler; nobles. 2. a king.

ខខណៈចតត (Cittakkhaäa) a thought-moment.

ខណកសមាធ (Khaäikasamàdhi) momentary concentration.

ខណកាបត (Khaäikàpìti) momentary joy; instantaneous joy.

ខនត (Khanti) patience; forbearance; tolerance; endurance; firmness; fortitude.

ខនធ (Khandha) aggregate; category. ខនធរបា េមល បញចកខនធ ខមា (Khamà) patience; tolerance;

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pardon. ខមាេទាស , ការស (Khamàpana) asking

for pardon. ខាងេខនត (Juäha-pakkha, Sukka-~) the

waxing moon. ខាងរេនាច (Kaäha-pakkha, Kàëa-~) the

waning moon. ខាទនយៈ (Khàdanìya) hard or solid

food. ខណារសព (Khìäàsava) an Arahant; the

cankerfree one; one whose mind is free from mental obsessions.

ខទទកនកាយ (Khuddakanikàya) “Smaller Collection”; the “Minor Anthologies

of the Pali Canon”; name of the fifth of the five main divisions of the Sutta Piåaka.

ខទទកបាឋ (Khuddakapàåha) “Shorter Texts”; the “Text of Small Passages”; name of the first division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ខទទកាបត (Khuddakàpìti) slight sense of interest; lesser thrill.

ែខសចណង (Parittasutta*) sacred thread; sacred cord.

គ គណៈ (Gaäa) group; denomination;

monastery section. គណៈកមមការកចចការសាធារណៈ

(Sàdhàraäakàrà-dhikàra*) Board of Public Works.

គណៈកមមការរគបរគងរពះសងឃ (Saæghapàlanà-dhikàra*) Board of

Eccl. Admini-stration. គណៈកមមការផសពវផសាយរពះធម

(Dhammapakàsa-nàdhikàra*) Board of Propagation.

គណៈកមមការសកសា (Sàsanasikkhàdhikàra*) Board of Education.

គណបរកៈ (Gaäapùraka) one who completes the quorum; quorum-completing monk.

គណៈសងឃ (Saægha) the monastic order; the Church, especially the Buddhist monastic order; the Order; the

Saægha. គត (Gati) (the five) courses of

existence; destiny; destination. គនថធរៈ (Ganthadhura) the burden of

studying the Scriptures; the burden of the books.

គនធ (Gandha) odour; odorous object; smell.

គនធព (Gandhabba) 1. a heavenly musi-cian. 2. a being ready to take a new existence.

គមពរ (Gantha, Potthaka, Pakaraäa) (T.) a scripture; text; canon; religious book.

គរកមម (Garukakamma) Weighty Action; kamma of serious or strong effect.

គរដឋានយបគគល (Garuååhànìyapuggala) a respectable person.

គរធម (Garudhamma) (the eight) strict

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conditions or chief rules to be observed by the Buddhist nun throughout her life.

គហបដបតត (Gihipaåipatti*) practices for the layman; code of morality for the laity.

គាថា (Gàthà) 1. a verse; stanza of 4 half-lines. 2. (K.) a magic spell.

គាមវាស (Gàmavàsì) (K.) a town-monk. គារវៈ (Gàrava) respect; reverence;

esteem; attention; appreciative action. គលានបចចយ (Gilànapaccaya) support for

the sick; requisites for the sick; medicine.

គលានេភសជជ (Gilànabhesajja) drug; medicine.

គណ (Guäa) 1. quality; property. 2.

good quality; virtue; merit. 3. (K.) help; aid; benefit; support; favour.

គណធម (Guäadhamma) goodness; virtue.

គណពេសស , គណវេសស (Visesa) unusual virtue; extraordinary state; specific attainment.

េគាចរ (Gocara) 1. field or sphere of

sense perception; a sense-object. 2. a suitable  place; resort for alms; alms resort.

េគាចរគាម (Gocaragàma) a village where a monk goes for alms or obtains his food; alms-resort village.

េគាតម (Gotama) name of the clan to which the Buddha belonged.

េគារត (Gotta) clan; ancestry; lineage. រគង (Ekaçsaç) v. to arrange the upper

robe over one shoulder (the left one). រគងចវរ (Nivàseti, Pàrupati) v. to don;

wear; put on (the yellow robe). រគបបារត (Pattapidhàna) lid or cover for

an alms-bowl; alms-bowl lid. រគហសថ (Gahaååha) a householder;

layman; the laity. រគសរត (Upasampadàcariya,

Kammavàcà-cariya + Anusàvanàcariya) the two monks who chant the formal words of an act (especially, of ordination); Act-Announcer; Ordination-Teacher.

ឃឃនសញាញ (Ghanasaññà) perception of compactness; the idea of massiveness.

ឃរាវាស (Gharàvàsa) 1. the household life. 2. (K.) a householder; layman; the laity.

ឃរាវាសធម (Gharàvàsa-dhamma) virtues for a good household life;

rules of household conduct; qualities of a good layman.

ឃានៈ (Ghàna) the nose. ឃានទវារ (Ghànadvàra) nose-door; nose-

avenue. ឃានវញាញ ណ (Ghànaviññàäa) nose-

consciousness. េឃាសបបមាណកា (Ghosappamàäikà)

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those who measure or judge by voice; those whose faith depends on sweet

voice or good repute; those attached to voice.

ងេងឿងឆងល (muååhassati) confused;

muddled; deranged. េងឿងឆងល , េសចកត (sammosa)

confusion; falling into oblivion.

ចចកខ (Cakkhu) the eye.

ចកខទវារ (Cakkhudvàra) the eye-door; eye-avenue.

ចកខវញាញ ណ (Cakkhuviññàäa) eye-con-sciousness.

ចរក , ចរកធម (Cakka) the set of four virtues, being like the four wheels of a carriage, constituting the means to prosperity; virtues wheeling to prosperity.

ចរកវាឡ (Cakkavàøa) a world-circle; solarsystem; universe.

ចងកមែកវ េមល ទាឋធាត ចរងកម (Caækama) walking up and

down; a terraced walk. v. to walk up and down.

ចងវាកសរតធម (Vatta, Bhàäassara*) mode of chanting.

ចណឌ ាល (Caäðàla) an outcaste; the untouchable.

ចតតថជឈាន (Catutthajjhàna) the fourth Jhàna; the fourth absorption.

ចតធាតវវតាថ ន (Catudhàtuvavatthàna) analysis of the four elements; determining of the elements; contemplation on the four essential qualities of which the body is

composed. ចតបចចយ (Catupaccaya) េមល បចចយ ចតពវធពរ (Catubbidhavara*) the

fourfold blessing; the four excellent things, viz., long life, beauty, happiness and health.

ចតរារយសចច (Cattàri Ariyasaccàni) the Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy Truths.

ចតវគគ (Catuvagga) a chapter of four monks.

ចនទគត (Candagati*) the system of a lunar calendar.

ចេរមនរពះពទធមនត (Parittabhaäana) (K.)

(used for auspicious ceremonies) to chant holy stanzas.

ចរណៈ (Caraäa) behaviour; conduct; good conduct.

ចរត (Carita) the intrinsic nature of a person; (the six types of) characteristic behaviour; character; temperament.

ចរយាបដក (Cariyàpiåaka) “Modes of Conduct”; name of the fifteenth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ចរយាវតត (Cariyàvatta*) 1. customs and manners to be observed; duties

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concerned with conduct. 2. conduct and duties; moral conduct and the performance of duties.

ចាគៈ (Càga) 1. charity; generosity; sacrifice; self-denial; liberality; munificence; benefaction. 2. abandoning; giving up; renunciation.

ចាគសមបទា (Càgasampadà) achievement of charity.

ចាគានសសត (Càgànussati) reflection on generosity; recollection of liberality.

ចាតទទស (Càtuddasì) the 14th day of a fortnight.

ចាតមមហារាជកា (Càtummahàràjikà) the Four Guardian Deities; the realm of the Four Great Kings.

ចាតរងគសននបាត (Càturaægasannipàta) the Great Assembly of Disciples marked by the union of four factors.

ចានរសាក (Bhattahàrikà*) food carrier; tiffin carrier.

ចារក (Càrika) 1. a traveller; wanderer; way-farer. 2. a wandering place. 3. a journey; wandering. 4. (T,) v. to wander; go on a journey.

ចារក (Likhati) v. to inscribe; incise; engrave.

ចតកាដឋាន (Citakà) a funeral pile; cremato-rium; pyre; crematory; catafalque.

ចតត១ (Citta) thought; mind; a state of consciousness.

ចតត២ (Citta) thought; thoughtfulness; active thought.

ចតតនយាម (Cittaniyàma) psychic order; psychic law; order of mind.

ចតតវសទធ (Cittavisuddhi) purity of mind; purification of consciousness.

ចតតសងខារ (Cittasaækhàra) mental forma-tion; mental function, i.e. perception and feeling.

ចតាត នបសសនា (Cittànupassanà) the contem-plation of mind; contemplation of various states of mind; mindfulness as regards mentalstates.

ចតតបបាទ (Cittuppàda) the rise of a thought; thought; intention.

ចនតមយបញាញ (Cintamayapaññà) under-standing through reasoning; wisdom resulting from reflection.

ចវរ (Cìvara) 1. the yellow robe (of a Buddhist monk or novice); any of the three garments of the monk. 2. (K.) the upper or inner robe.

ចវរអធដឋាន (Adhiååhitacìvara) the deter-mined robes; the three robes determined for regular personal use.

ចត (Cuti) shifting (out of one existence to another); decease; the final thought-moment of a particular life; death.

ចតចតត (Cuticitta) death-consciousness; dying or death-consciousness; the consciousness disconnecting the present life.

ចតវញាញ ណ (Cutiviññàäa) េមល ចតចតត ចតបបាតញាញ ណ (Cutùpapàtañàäa) the

know-ledge of the decease and rebirth of beings; the clairvoyant supernormal vision dealing with the death and rebirth of beings; the

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perception of the appearing and disappearing of various beings according to the consequences of their past deeds.

ចលលវគគ (Cullavagga) “Smaller Section”; name of a book of the Vinaya Piåaka.

ចលវសសា េមល ៃថងចលវសសា េចតនា (Cetanà) volition; will;

intention. េចតភត (Attà, Jìva) soul; the self;

àtman. េចតសក (Cetasika) mental

concomitants; mental factors; mental states; mental activities; the adjuncts of conscious-ness; mental adjuncts; mental coefficients.

េចតសកទកខ (Cetasikadukkha) mental pain.

េចតសកសខ (Cetasikasukha) mental happi-ness.

េចតយ (Cetiya) 1. a person, place  or object worthy of worship; reminder. 2. (K.) a sepulchral monument; pagoda; shrine; dagoba; bell-shaped stupa (with a slender spire); tapering-spired stupa; Phra Chedi.

េចេតាបរយញាញ ណ (Cetopariyañàäa) know-ledge of others’ thoughts; telepathy.

េចេតាវមតត (Cetovimutti) deliverance of mind.

េចាទក (Codaka) reprover; accuser; plaintiff.

េចាទនា (Codanà) reproof; charge; accu-sation; plaint.

េចៅអធការ (Vihàràdhipati*, Adhikàrapati*) the abbot who is an Ecclesiastical Sub-District Chief as well.

េចៅអាវាស (Vihàrapati*) the abbot. ចាវសសា , ការ (Vassàvàsa) Vassa-

residence; the rains-retreat; rains-residence; keeping the Buddhist Lent; keeping the rainy season; welling permanently at a suitable place throughout the three months of the rainy season.

រចចទក (Dakkhiäodakapàtana) v.

pouring the water of dedication (to transfer merit to other beings).

ឆឆកាមាវចរសគ (Chakàmàvacaradevaloka) the six

heavens of sensual pleasures. ឆរត (Chatta) royal canopy; sunshade;

parasol. ឆនទៈ (Chanda) 1. will; aspiration; the

will to do; resolve; zeal; desire; impulse; wish; loving interest; desire

for truth and understanding. 2. consent; declaration of consent to an official act by an absentee; proxy vote.

ឆនទ (Chanda) metrics; prosody; a metre; metrical composition.

ឆនទាគត (Chandàgati) the wrong way of behaviour consisting in predilection;

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prejudice caused by love; partiality. ឆពវណណ រងស (Chabbaääaraçsì) the ray of

six colours. ឆឡភញាញ (Chaøabhiññà) the sixfold

super-normal knowledge; the six psychic powers.

ឆាកសពត េមល បងសកល

ឆាន (Bhuñjati) v. (of a monk or novice) to eat; take food.

ឆាយា (Chàyà) 1. (K.) the Pali monastic name of a Buddhist monk; ordina-tion-name. 2. shade; shadow.

ឆលង (Mahakamma) celebration. v. to celebrate.

ជជដល (Jaåila) a class of ascetics with matted hair, usually worshipping fire, sometimes classed under Isi; matted-hair ascetic.

ជនកមម (Janakakamma) reproductive kamma; regenerative kamma.

ជមពទវប (Jambùdìpa) the continent of the roseapples, i.e. India.

ជយមងគលគាថា (Jayamaægalagàthà) stanzas for the blessing or glory of victory.

ជរា (Jarà) old age; decay. ជលាពជៈ (Jalàbuja) womb-born

creatures; those born from the womb; the viviparous.

ជវន (Javana) impulsion; apperception; impulsive moment; a phase or stage of the process of consciousness at which there is full perception and at which kamma is performed, usually lasting for seven thought-moments.

ជាគរយានេយាគ (Jàgariyànuyoga) practice of watchfulness; avoidance of sleep; wakefulness.

ជាតក (Jàtaka) 1. a birth story; the stories of the Buddha’s previous

lives. 2. “Birth Stories”; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ជាត (Jàti) birth; rebirth. ជាតេរកាយ (Paraloka, punabbhava)

rebirth; reexistence;future life. ជាតមន (Atìtabhava) a previous birth;

former life. ជនៈ (Jina) 1. the conqueror; the victor;

the Buddha. 2. Jain; Jaina. ជនបរត , ជេនារស (Jinaputta, Jinorasa)

a disciple of the Buddha. ជវាហ (Jivhà) the tongue. ជវាហ ទវារ (Jivhàdvàra) tongue-door; tong-

ueavenue. ជ (Muäðakaupàsikà*) a shaven-

headed female devotee who wears white robes and observes five or eight precepts; white-robed female lay follower.

ជវត (Jìvita) life; vitality. ជវតរនទយ (Jìvitindriya) vitality; life-

prin-ciple;psychic life; the faculty of life.

ជវាហ វញាញ ណ (Jivhàviññàäa) tongue-cons-ciousness.

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ជក (Moli) topknot (of hair on the crown of the head).

េជងថករ េមល ចត កាដឋាន េជងេទៀន (Sitthadìpàdhàra*)

candlestick. េជងបារត (Pattàdhàraka) bowl-support;

bowlstand. េជងពាន (ratanaghara*) back plate ជវា (Kaääikà, Kùåapilandhana*)  the

curved finial (of a gable); gable-finial; (elongated ornate) gable spire.

ឈឈាន (Jhàna) meditation; absorption; a state of serene contemplation attained by meditation; (mis.) trance; ecstasy.

ឈាបនកចច (Jhàpanakicca) cremation. ឈាបនដឋាន (Jhàpanaååhàna)

crematorium.

ញញតត , ញត (Ñatti) a motion.

ញាណ (Ñàäa) knowledge; real knowledge; wisdom; insight.

ញាណទសសនៈ (Ñàäadassana) knowing and seeing; perfect knowledge; all-com-prising knowledge; a vision of truth; insight; vision through wisdom.

ញាណទសសនវសទធ (Ñàäadassana-visuddhi) purity of knowledge and vision; purity of vision regarding intuitive wisdom; purification by knowledge and vision.

ញាត (Ñàti) a kinsman; relative. ញាតពល (Ñàtibali) offering to kinsfolk;

the helping of one’s relatives. ញាតសេរងគាះ (Ñàtisaægaha) good

treatment towards kinsmen; the helping of one’s relatives.

ញាតសាេលាហត (Ñàtisàlohita) relations and blood relations.

ញាយយ , ញាយយធម (Ñàya) right path; right method; the Noble Path; truth; Nibbàna.

េញយយធម (Ñeyyadhamma) anything that should be learnt or understood; the knowable.

េញាម (Posì) appellation used by a monk for his parents or his patron or supporter.

ដដាកបារត (Piäðadàna) v. to offer food to the monks on their almsround.

ដាកសពត [បងសកល ]

(Paçsukùlacìvaranik-khipana) (K.) v.

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to lay a robe (as an offering to a monk at a funeral or memorial ceremony); lay down a funeral robe.

ដាកអាយសងខារ (Àyusaækhàra-vossajjana) to relinquish the vital force; the Buddha’s announcement of his coming death.

ដកា (Åìkà) 1. a sub-commentary. 2. (K.)

a letter of invitation or invitation card

to a monk. 3. (K.) written request for donation. 4. (K.) petition; appeal.

ដថមនមតតសមា (Sìmànimittùparisilàpaååa) boundarymarking slab (usually made of stone and erected over a buried boundary-marking stone to show its place). េមល លកនមតត

ឋឋាន (Åhàna*) pedestal (as of a Buddha image).

ឋានានរកម (Åhànànukkama*) the ecclesia-stical order of retinue; assistants or staff members; 

entourage. ឋានានសកក (Åhànànusatti) the authority

based on one’s rank or dignity. ឋត , ឋត (Åhiti, Åhìti) duration; static

moment; the moment of standing.

តតចបញចកកមមដឋាន (Tacapañcaka-kammaååhà-na) the “skin pentad” of meditation subjects; the subject for meditation comprising the five constituents ending with the skin (the four others being hair, body hair, nails and teeth)

តជជនយកមម (Tajjanìyakamma) the formal act of censure.

តណហ ា (Taähà) craving; desire; thirst. តតយជឈាន (Tatiyajjhàna) the third

Jhàna; the third absorption. តរតមជឈតតតា (Tatramajjhattatà)

equanimity; equipoise; mental balance.

តថាគត (Tathàgata) 1. the Accomplished One; the Thus-come;

the Thus-gone; the Truthwinner; an epithet of the Buddha. 2. an Arahant. 3. a being.

តទងគបបហានៈ (Tadaægapahàna) abandoning by substitution of opposites.

តទងគវមតត (Tadaægavimutti) deliverance by substitution of opposites.

តបៈ (Tapa) 1. religious austerity; penan-ce. 2. exertion; mental devotion; ascetic practice.

តសសបាបយសកា (Tassapàpiyasikà) inflicting a penalty on one who is at fault; decision for specific depravity.

តាបស (Tàpasa) a hermit; ascetic. តាលបតត (Tàlapatta) a palm leaf. (K.) a

fan made of palm-leaves, with a long

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handle, used by a monk in ceremonies; ceremonial fan. េមល ផលតដែណង

តាវតតងស , តាវតតស (Tàvatiçsà) the realm (or heaven) of the Thirty-three Gods; name of the second heavenly abode, of which Sakka is the king.

តណវតាថ រកវនយ (Tiäavatthàrakavinaya) pro-cedure for covering over (as) with grass, (a reconciliation of both parties without need for clearing up the rights and wrongs).

តរចាឆ ន , កេណត េមល តរចាឆ នេយាន

តរចាឆ នកថា (Tiracchànakathà) a variety of worldly talk; childish talk; aimless talk.

តរចាឆ នេយាន (Tiracchànayoni) the animal kingdom; the realm of the brute creation.

តរចាឆ នវជជា (Tiracchànavijjà) a low art; pseudosciences; any study tending to be an obstacle on the way to Nibbàna.

តរ ថយ (Titthiya) an adherent of another religion; heretical teacher.

តសរណគមនបសមបទា (Tisaraäagamanùpa-sampadà) ordination by taking the Threefold Refuge.

តេរៀបេរគឿងសកាក រៈ (Pùjanapìåha*) a set of altar tables.

តសត (Tusità) the realm of delight; the delightful realm; the heaven of the satisfied gods;  name of the fourth heavenly abode, of which Santusita is the king.

េតេជាកសណ (Tejokasiäa) fire-contempla-tion; fire as a meditational device.

េតេជាធាត (Tejodhàtu) fire-element; the element of heat; heat.

េតវាចក (Tevàcika) lit. pronouncing three words or three times; especially one who pronounces the threefold formula of refuge, the first being Yasa’s father.

រតាសដង (Bodhi) Enlightenment. v. to be enlightened; attain enlightenment.

ៃរតចវរ (Ticìvara) the three robes of a Bhikkhu, consisting of the under, the upper and the outer robes; Triple Robe.

ៃរតទវារ (Tidvàra) the three doors or avenues of action: body, speech, and mind.

ៃរតបដក (Tepiåaka) lit. the Three Baskets; the Tipiåaka; the three divisions of the Buddhist Canon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma, generally known as the Pali Canon.

ៃរតភព , ៃរតភម (Tibhava, Tebhùmi) the Three Spheres, viz., the Sense Sphere, the Form Sphere and the Formless Sphere; three realms; three worlds; three planes of existence.

ៃរតមាស , រតមាស (Temàsa) three months, especially those of the rainy season.

ៃរតរតន (Ratanattaya) the Three Jewels; the Three Gems; Triple Gem. េមល រតនរតយ

ៃរតលកខណៈ (Tilakkhaäa) the Three

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Charac-teristics; the Three Signs of Being; also called the Common Characteristics. េមល សាមញញលកខណៈ

ៃរតេលាក (Tiloka) the three worlds. េមល ៃរតភព

ៃរតេវទ (Tiveda) lit. the three knowledges; the three Vedas; the three divisions of the Brahmanic canon of authorized religious teaching and practice, viz., Irubbeda, Yajubbeda and Sàmaveda, to which the fourth, Athabbana, was added later.

ៃរតសរណៈ (Tisaraäa) the Threefold

Refuge; Three Refuges; Triple Guide.

ៃរតសរណគមន (Tisaraäagamana) taking the Threefold Refuge; going to the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha for refuge.

ៃរតសកាខ (Sikkhàttaya) the Threefold Learning; the Threefold Training; the Three Studies: morality, concen-tration and wisdom, (preferably, training in higher morality, in higher mentality, and in higher wisdom).

ថថងយាម (Thavikà) a small bag in which the monk carries things; a monk’s bag; satchel.

ថមភ (Thambha) obstinacy; immobility; hardness; obduracy.

ថនៈ (Thìna) sloth; unwieldiness; impliability; morbid state of mind.

ថនមទធ (Thìnamiddha) sloth and torpor; sloth and drowsiness; torpor and languor; stolidity and drowsiness.

ថលលចចយ (Thullaccaya) a grave offence; Serious Transgression.

ថបារហបគគល (Thùpàrahapuggala) persons worthy of a tope; those whose relics should be enshrined.

ថផកា (pupphàdhàna*) a vase. េថនៈ (Thena) a thief; (K.) unbecoming

religious; shameless monk. េថយយចតត (Theyyacitta) intention to

steal. េថយយេចតនា (Theyyacetanà) intention to

steal. េថយយសវាស (Theyyasaçvàsa) living

clandestinely with the monks; disguising oneself as a monk; communion by theft.

េថរៈ (Thera) an elder; a senior member of the Order; a senior monk (of at least ten years’ standing).

េថរគាថា (Theragàthà) “Psalms of the Brethren”; “Verses of the Elders”; name of the eighth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

េថរវាទ (Theravàda) the Doctrine of the Elders; Teaching of the Elders; the Southern School of Buddhism.

េថរានេថរៈ (Therànuthera) senior monks in general.

េថរ (Therì) a woman elder; senior nun.

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េថរគាថា (Therìgàthà) “Psalms of the Sisters”; “Verses of the Women Elders”; name of the ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ៃថងេការ (Kesoropaäadivasa*) Shaving Day; the eve of a Buddhist holy day.

ៃថងចលវសសា (Vassùpanàyikàdivasa) the first day of the rains-retreat; beginning of the rains-residence; Rains-Entry Day.

ៃថងេចញវសសា (Pavàraäàdivasa) the last day of the rains-residence; end of the rains-retreat; Retreat-Ending Day.

ៃថងបវារណា (Pavàraäàdivasa) the last day of the rains-residence, on which the Pavàraäà ceremony is performed; Pavàraäà Day.

ៃថងេពញបរណ (Puääamìdivasa) the full-moon day.

ៃថងឧេបាសថ១ (Uposathadivasa) the Buddhist holy day; Buddhist Sabbath; day of merit-making; observance day.

ៃថងឧេបាសថ២ (Uposathadivasa) 1. េមល ៃថងឧេបាសថ១ 2. observance day; the day on which the Fundamental Rules of the Buddhist monks are recited.

ថវាយ (Deti) v. to offer, give or present (to a monk or a prince).

ថវាយរពះេភលង (Sarìrajjhàpana) the cremation ceremony.

ទទកខណា (Dakkhiäà) a gift; donation; dedicatory gift; an intercessional expiatory offering; donation given to a holy person with reference to un-happy beings in the Peta existence, intended for the alleviation of their sufferings.

ទកខណានបបទាន (Dakkhiäànuppadàna*) offering made to a monk or monks on behalf of the dead.

ទកខណាវដដ (Dakkhiäàvaååa) winding to the right; clockwise.

ទកខេណយយបគគល (Dakkhiäeyyapuggala) an individual deserving a donation; one worthy of a donation.

ទកខេណាទក (Dakkhiäodaka) water of dedication; consecrated water.

ទកសណនកាយ (Dakkhiäanikàya) the Southern School of Buddhism, i.e. the Theravàda.

ទណឌ កមម (Daäðakamma) punishment; penalty.

ទធ (Dadhi) curd; sour milk. ទមៈ (Dama) self-command; self-

control; taming; subjugation; training; mastery; adjustment.

ទសជាត (Dasajàti) the ten longest birth-stories of the Buddha, regarded as the most important.

ទសបារម (Dasapàramì) the ten perfections; the ten principal virtues practised by a Bodhisatta.

ទសពរ (Dasavara) the ten blessings; ten

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boons. ទសពល (Dasabala) 1. the Ten Powers of

the Buddha. 2. one who is endowed with ten supernormal powers, i.e. the Buddha.

ទសពលញាញ ណ (Dasabalañàäa) the ten supreme intellectual powers of the Buddha.

ទសពធរាជធម (Dasaràjadhamma) the ten-fold code of the king; the tenfold virtue or duty of the king; the ten royal virtues; virtues of a ruler.

ទសសនៈ (Dassana) 1. seeing; sight; intuition. 2. view; opinion; theory.

ទឡហកមម (Daøhìkamma) making firm; strengthening by repeating, as re-ordination.

ទាឋធាត (Dàåhadhàtu) the tooth relic (of the Buddha).

ទាន (Dàna) giving; gift; alms-giving; charity; generosity; benevolence; liberality; a gift; donation; alms; benefaction.

ទានបត (Dànapati) 1. lord of alms; master in liberality. 2. one in charge of alms-giving; chief donor.

ទានមយៈ (Dànamaya) (merit) gained through, or connected with, alms-giving; the way of making merit, consisting in alms-giving or charity.

ទាយក (Dàyaka) almsgiver; donor; benefactor; the lay supporter of Bhikkhus; lay giver; lay supporter.

ទាយកា (Dàyikà) a female donor. ទដឋធម (Diååhadhamma) the visible

order of things; present condition;

this world; the present life; temporality.

ទដឋធមមេវទនយកមម (Diååhadhammavedanìya-kamma)

immediately effective kamma; kamma ripening during the life-time.

ទដឋធមមកតថ (Diååhadhammikattha) gain for this life; present benefit; temporal welfare; sources of happiness in the present life.

ទដឋាវកមម (Diååhàvikamma) an open state-ment of one’s view; explanation of views; view clarification.

ទដឋ (Diååhi) 1. a theory; view; belief; opinion; speculation; dogma. 2. misbelief; erroneous opinion; false theory.

ទដឋវសទធ (Diååhivisuddhi) purity of under-standing; purification of view.

ទដឋសាមញញតា (Diååhi-sàmaññatà) equality in view; unity in view.

ទដឋជកមម (Diååhujukamma) straightening of one’s own views.

ទដឋបាទាន (Diååhupàdàna) clinging to erro-neous opinions; attachment to views.

ទពវ (Dibba) divine; heavenly; celestial. ទពវចកខ (Dibbacakkhu) divine eye;

heavenly eye; clairvoyance. ទពវេសាត (Dibbasota) divine ear;

heavenly ear; clairaudience. ទ (Saæghikavatthu) monastery

estate. ទឃនកាយ (Dìghanikàya) the Collection

of Long Discourses; Dialogues of the Buddha; name of the first main

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division of the Sutta Piåaka. ទធាល វតត (Àràmavatthu, Vihàravatthu)

monastery compound. ទបផត េមល អនតធម ទវតត (Kappanàvatthu*) monastic

revenue estate. ទកេដាះខាប (Navanìta) fresh butter;

(accor-ding to some, ghee). ទកេដាះថលា (Sappi) ghee; clarified butter. ទកមនត (Parittodaka*) consecrated

water; blessing water; lustral water; holy water.

ទកកដ (Dukkaåa) an offence of

wrongdoing. ទកករករយា (Dukkarakiriyà) the practice

of austerities; self-mortification. ទកខ (Dukkha) 1. suffering; misery;

woe; pain; ill; sorrow; trouble; discomfort; unsatisfactoriness; problematic situa-tion; stress; conflict. adj. unsatisfac-tory; miserable; painful; subject to suffering; ill; causing pain. 2. physical or bodily pain; difficulty; unease; ill-being.

ទកខតា (Dukkhatà) the state of being subject to suffering; painfulness; stress; conflict.

ទកខនេរាធគាមនបដបទា (Dukkhanirodhagàmi-nìpaåipadà

Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth of the Path that leads to the Cessation (or, the Extinction) of Suffering.

ទកខនេរាធអរយសចច (Dukkhanirodha Ariya-sacca) the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering; the Noble

Truth of the Extinction of Suffering. ទកខេវទនា (Dukkhavedanà) painful

feeling. ទកខសមទយអរយសចច (Dukkhasamudaya

Ariya-sacca) the Noble Truth of the Cause (or, the Origin) of Suffering; the Noble Truth of the Condition of the Arising of Suffering.

ទកខអរយសចច (Dukkha Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth of Suffering.

ទគគត (Duggati) (the 3 or 4) States of Unhappiness; woeful courses of existence; evil states; woeful existen-ces.

ទចចរត (Duccarita) bad conduct; wrong action.

ទតយជឈាន (Dutiyajjhàna) the second Jhàna; the second absorption.

ទពាភ សត (Dubbhàsita) an offence of wrong speech.

ទសសល (Dussìla) of bad conduct; void of morality; immoral.

េទៀន (Sitthadìpa) a candle. េទៀនវសសា (Vassadìpa, Vassikapadìpa)

candle for the rains; Lenten candle. េទព (Deva) lit. a shining one; god;

deity; divine being. េទយយទាន (Deyyadàna) a gift fit to be

given; gift; donation. េទយយធម (Deyyadhamma) that which

has the quality of being given; gift; offerings (to monks).

េទវតា (Devatà) a celestial or heavenly being; deity.

េទវតានសសត (Devatànussati) recollection

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of heavenly beings; reflection on deifying virtues as found in oneself.

េទវតាពល (Devatàbali) an offering to the deity.

េទវទត (Devadùta) lit. gods’ messenger; divine messenger; a symbolic name for those things which remind man of his future and rouse him to earnest striving.

េទវធម (Devadhamma) divine virtue; the virtues that make divine, i.e. moral shame and dread.

េទវរប (Devarùpa*) an image of a deity; idol.

េទវេលាក (Devaloka) world of gods; heaven; celestial realm.

េទសកាល (Desakàla) a season for merit-making and local festivals.

េទសនា (Desanà) preaching; discourse; sermon; instruction. v. to preach; expound the Doctrine; give a sermon.

េទសនាមហាជាតក (Mahàjàtakadesanà*) (K.) “Great-Birth Sermon”; a sermon on the great birth story of the Bodhisatta Vessantara.

េទាមនសស (Domanassa) a painful mental feeling; (mental) displeasure; sad-mindedness; grief.

េទាស (Dosa, Vajja, Àdìnava) fault; blemish; defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage.

េទាសៈ (Dosa) hatred; anger; ill-will; aversion.

េទាសចរត (Dosacarita) the hateful; one of hating temperament; a quick-tempered person.

េទាសាគត (Dosàgati) wrong way of behaviour consisting in hatred; prejudice caused by hatred.

ទវារ (Dvàra) 1. door; avenue. 2. a sense-door; sense-avenue. 3. door of action.

េទវវាចកៈ (Dvevàcika) lit. pronouncing two words or two times; especially those who pronounce the words, taking only two refuges, viz., the Buddha and the Dhamma, Tapussa and Bhallika being the first ones.

ធធម - េមល ធមម -

ធមវនយ (Dhammavinaya) Dhamma-Vinaya; the Norm-Discipline; the Doctrine and the Discipline.

ធមម , ធម (Dhamma) 1. the Dharma; the Dhamma; the Doctrine; the Teachings (of the Buddha). 2. the Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate Reality. 4. the Supramundane,

especially Nibbàna. 5. quality; righteousness; virtue; morality; good conduct; right behaviour. 6. tradition; practice; principle; norm; rule; duty. 7. justice; impartiality. 8. thing; phenomenon. 9. a cognizable object; mind-object; idea. 10. mental state; mental factor; mental activities. 11. condition; cause; causal antecedent.

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ធមមកថា (Dhammakathà) ethical discus-sion; religious talk; talk on the Dhamma; Dhammalecture.

ធមមកថក (Dhammakathika) one who preaches the Doctrine; a preacher.

ធមមកាមតា (Dhammakàmatà) the quality of one who loves the Dhamma; love of Truth.

ធមមកខនធ (Dhammakkhandha) a portion of the Dhamma; a main article of the Doctrine; a textual unit; a category of the Dhamma.

ធមមរកក (Dhamakaraka) a filter; water-strainer.

ធមមគណ (Dhammaguäa) virtue or quality of the Dhamma.

ធមមចកកបបវតតនសរត

(Dhammacakkappavatta-nasutta) the discourse of setting in motion the Wheel of the Doctrine; the Discourse of the Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousness; the First Sermon.

ធមមចកខ (Dhammacakkhu) the Eye of Truth; the Eye of Wisdom.

ធមមចរក (Dhammacakka) the Wheel of the Doctrine; the Wheel of the Law; the Wheel of Truth; the Kingdom of Righteousness; the First Sermon.

ធមមចរយា (Dhammacariyà) observance of righteousness; righteous conduct.

ធមមចារកៈ (Dhammacàrika) wandering Dhamma-preacher; spiritual-welfare worker.

ធមមេចតយ (Dhammacetiya) a shrine in which sacred texts are housed; a shrine of theDoctrine; doctrinal

monument. ធមមញញតា (Dhammaññutà) the quality of

one who knows the Law; knowing the cause or origin; knowing the principles.

ធមមតា (Dhammatà) general rule; nature; the law of nature; cosmic law.

ធមមទាន (Dhammadàna) the Gift of Truth; gift of the Dhamma.

ធមមទត (Dhammadùta*) Dhamma-messen-ger; Buddhist field-preacher; Buddhist missionary.

ធមមេទសនា (Dhammadesanà) expounding the Dhamma; preaching; exposition of the Doctrine; a sermon.

ធមមេទសនាមយៈ (Dhammadesanàmaya) (merit) connected with, or to be gained through, preaching; the way of making merit consisting in moral instruction.

ធមមធរៈ (Dhammadhara) “Dhamma bearer”; one versed in the Dhamma; an expert in the Dhamma.

ធមមធាត (Dhammadhàtu) 1. a mental object. 2. the cosmic law.

ធមមនយាម (Dhammaniyàma) order of the norm; law of the Dhamma; certainty or orderliness of causes and effects; general law of cause and effect.

ធមមបដសមភទា (Dhammapaåisambhidà) Dis-crimination of the Law; analytical knowledge of the Law; discrimina-ting knowledge of reasons, conditions or causal relations.

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ធមមបទ (Dhammapada) 1. “Way of Truth”; “An Anthology of Sayings of the Buddha”; name of the second division of the Khuddaka Nikàya. 2. a line or stanza of the Doctrine; a word of the Doctrine; talk or discourse on the Dhamma.

ធមមបរយាយ (Dhammapariyàya) disquisi-tion.

ធមមបបមាណកា (Dhammappamàäikà) those who measure or judge by right-eousness; those whose faith depends on the Dhamma or on righteous behaviour.

ធមមយតត , ធមមយតតកនកាយ

(Dhammayuttika-nikàya*) the Dhammayutika Sect; “Law-Abiding Sect”; Smaller Sub-Order (of the Khmer Monkhood); smaller denomination. េរបៀបេធៀប មហានកាយ

ធមមវាទ (Dhammavàdì) one who speaks according to the Dhamma; speaker of the doctrine; speaker of the rightful things.

ធមមវចយ (Dhammavicaya) investigation of the Truth or the Doctrine; (K.) research on the Dhamma; search of Truth.

ធមមវជយ (Dhammavijaya) conquest by piety; conquest by righteousness.

ធមមវភាគ (Dhammavibhàga) classification of dhammas; enumeration of the Dhamma; Dhamma classification.

ធមមសងគណ (Dhammasaægaäi) “Classifica-tion of Dhammas”; “Enumeration of Phenomena”; name

of the first book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

ធមមសភា (Dhammasabhà) the Hall of Truth; a hall for the discussion of the Dhamma; a place for religious meeting.

ធមមសវនៈ េមល ធមមសសវនៈ ធមមសាកចាឆ (Dhammasàkacchà)

discussion about the Doctrine; religious discus-sion.

ធមមសាលា (Dhammasàlà) preaching hall; study hall.

ធមមេសនាបត (Dhammasenàpati) generalis-simo of the Dhamma; Commander in Chief of the Law; an epithet of the Venerable Sàriputta.

ធមមសសវនៈ (Dhammassavana) hearing the Dhamma; hearing the preaching of the Dhamma; hearing a sermon; listening to the good teaching.

ធមមសសវនមយៈ (Dhammassavanamaya) (merit) connected with, or to be gained through, hearing a sermon; the way of making merit consisting in listening to the Dhamma.

ធមាម ធមមបដបតត (Dhammànudhammapaåi-patti)

practice in perfect conformity to the Dhamma.

ធមាម ធដឋាន (Dhammàdhiååhàna) exposition in terms of ideas; teaching with reference to ideas.

ធមាម ធបេតយយ (Dhammàdhipateyya) regard of the Dhamma (the Law or righteousness) as being supreme; supremacy of the Dhamma; dominant

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influence by the Dhamma; rule of the true law; rule of righteousness.

ធមាម នបសសនា (Dhammànupassanà) the Con-templation of Mind-object; contem-plation of phenomena; mindfulness as regards the Dhamma.

ធមាម នសសត (Dhammànussati) recollection of the Doctrine; reflection on the virtues of the Dhamma.

ធមាម ភសមយ (Dhammàbhisamaya) under-standing of the Truth; conversion to the Dhamma; enlight nment. e

ធមាម រមមណ (Dhammàrammaäa) a mind-object;  cognizable object; cognos-cible object.

ធមាម សនៈ (Dhammàsana) the Dhamma-seat; a seat on which a monk sits while preaching; pulpit.

ធមមកថា (Dhammìkathà) religious talk; discussion concerning the Doctrine; Dhamma talk.

ធាត (Dhàtu) 1. an element; natural condition; that which carries its own characteristic mark. 2. a relic, especially that of the Buddha or an Arahant.

ធាតកថា (Dhàtukathà) “Discussion with reference to the Elements”; name of the third book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

ធាតកមមដឋាន េមល ចតធាតវវតាថ ន ធាតេចតយ (Dhàtucetiya) a shrine over

the Buddha’s relic; dagoba. ធាតមនសការ េមល ចតធាតវវតាថ ន ធាតវវតាថ ន េមល ចតធាតវវតាថ ន ធត (Dhiti) energy; courage; steadfast-

ness; firm character; resolution; wisdom.

ធតងគ (Dhutaæga, Dhùtaæga) (the thirteen) Austere Practices; constituents of ascetic practice to remove defile-ments.

ធរៈ (Dhura) burden; load; duty; charge; office; responsibility.

ធប (Dhùpa) an incense-stick; joss-stick.

េធវបណយ (Puññakaraäa) merit-making; performing meritorious action. v. to make merit; do merit; do good; perform meritorious action.

ននកខតតឫកស (Nakkhattakìøana) the celebra-tion of a festival; festivity.

នចចគតវាទតវសកទសសនៈ (Naccagìtavàditavisù-kadassana)

dancing, singing, music, and unseemly shows (or stage plays).

នតថកទដឋ, ~វាទ (Natthikadiååhi) lit. the

theory of nothingness; nihilism; nihilistic view.

នមសសការ (Namakkàra) salutation; the act of paying homage; homage; veneration; (K.) salutation with joined

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palms. នមសសការេពលរពក (Pubbaäha-sajjhàya*,

Pàta-bhàäa*) morning chanting. នមសសការេពលលាង ច (Sàyaäha-sajjhàya*,

Sàya-bhàäa*) evening chanting. នរក (Naraka, Niraya) abyss; hell;

purgatory. េមល នរយៈ នវកភកខ (Navakabhikkhu) a neophyte;

newly ordained monk (of less than 5 years’ standing).

នវកមម (Navakamma) building new; construction; making repairs.

នាគ (Nàga) 1. a serpentlike water-god. 2. (K.) an applicant (or candidate) for ordination; ordinand.

នាម (Nàma) mind; name; mental factors; mentality.

នាមរប (Nàmarùpa) Mind and Matter; name and form; mind and body; mentality and corporeality.

នាសនៈ , នាសនា (Nàsana, ~nà) causing to perish; expulsion.

នកាយ (Nikàya) 1. a collection; group; any of the five main divisions of the Sutta Piåaka. 2. a sect; school; denomination.

នេកខបបទ (Nikkhepapada) a verse or words of summary; thesis; verse or passage set up for detailed treatment in a discourse; a saying quoted for discoursing; discourse-opening verse.

នេកខបបទ (Nikkhepapada) topic; theme; subject; subject matter; gist; point of a discussion; query.

នគគហកមម (Niggahakamma) suppression;

punishment; censure; reproach; rebuke; chastisement of a perverse monk.

នរគនថ (Nigaäåha) lit. one who is freed from all ties; a member of the Jain Order; ascetic in Jainism.

នចចភតត (Niccabhatta) a continuous foodsupply; monthly food allowance.

នចចសល (Niccasìla) regular precepts; uninterrupted observance of virtue; the good conduct to be observed uninterruptedly, i.e. the Five Precepts.

នទាន (Nidàna) 1. source; cause; origin; reference. 2. (K.) a story.

នទាន (Vaçsa) tradition; chronicle. នេទទស (Niddesa) 1. “Expositions”;

name of the eleventh division of the Khuddaka Nikàya. 2. description; analytic explanation.

ននទា (Nindà) blame; reproach; fault-finding; calumny. v. to blame; calumniate; speak ill of a person.

នពាវ ន (Nibbàna) Nirvàäa; Nibbàna; the extinction of the fires of greed, of hatred and of ignorance; the Unconditioned; the supreme goal of Buddhism; the Summum Bonum of Buddhism; the Final Goal; the extinction of all defilements and suffering.

នពវទា (Nibbidà) dispassion; disinterest; disenchantment.

នមនត (Nimanteti) v. to invite (monks), especially for a collective action.

នមនត , ការ (Nimantana) invitation (for

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a monk). v. to invite (a monk). នមតត (Nimitta) sign; omen; mark;

portent; cause; mental image; mental reflex; boundary marker.

នមតតសមា (Sìmà-nimitta, Nimitta) a boundary marker, boundary-marking stone.

នមាម នរត (Nimmànarati) the realm of the gods who rejoice in (their own) creations; name of the fifth heavenly abode of which Sunimmita is the king.

នយសសកមម (Niyasakamma, Niyassa~) the formal act of subordination; giving guidance; causing (a monk) to live (again) in dependence.

នយាម (Niyàma) certainty; fixed method; regular order; the state of certainty; the five orders of processes which operate in the physical and mental realms; natural and regular orders governing all things; natural law.

នរយៈ (Niraya) hell; woeful state. នរតតបដសមភទា (Niruttipaåisambhidà) the

Discrimination of Language; know-ledge of dialects or philological analysis; analytical knowledge of the language (with regard to the true meaning and the Law).

នេរាធ (Nirodha) the Cessation or Extinction of Suffering; cessation; extinction.

នវាតៈ (Nivàta) humbleness; humility; lowliness; gentleness.

នសសគគយបាចតតយ (Nissaggiyapàcittiya) an

offence entailing expiation with forfeiture.

នសសយ (Nissaya) 1. េមល នសសយ 2.

habit. នសសយ (Nissaya) that on which

anything depends; foundation; help; resource; support; protection; guidance; tutelage; dependence.

នសសយកមម េមល នយសសកមម នសសយមតតកៈ (Nissayamuttaka) lit.

released from dependence, or independent of protection; a legally independent monk; a monk who has completed five years of living in dependence on the preceptor.

នសសរណវមតត (Nissaraäavimutti) deliver-ance by escaping from defilements; freedom by deliverance; Nibbàna.

នវរណៈ (Nìvaraäa) (the five) hindrances; obstacles.

េនកខមម (Nekkhamma) renunciation; giving up the world; escape from sensual-ity; absence of greed; independence of sensual desire and pleasures; self-denial; self-abnegation.

េនកខមមវតកក (Nekkhammavitakka) thought of renunciation; thought free from selfish desire.

េនន េមល សាមេណរ េនយយ (Neyya) one who is to be led or

instructed; one requiring guidance; a trainable or teachable person.

េនវសញាញ នាសញាញ យតនៈ (Nevasaññànàsaññà-yatana) the

Realm of neither Perception nor Non-

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perception; the fourth immaterial sphere.

បបករណ (Pakaraäa) a literary work; book; canonical text; scripture.

បកខ (Pakkha) a fortnight; one half of the lunar month; (lunar) half-month.

បងកានៃដ (Ratanapàkàra) consecrated wall; a parapet (surrounding a sacred building).

បងគន (Vaccakuåì) the water closet; toilet (for monks); privy.

បងសកល (Paçsukùla) lit. soiled or loathesome as dirt; like a dust heap; discarded; disposed of; unwanted. 1. rags from a dust heap; a robe made of rags taken from dust-bins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2. (K.) a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased person. v. to take such robes after contemplating on the imper-manence of compounded things; meditate and take a funeral (or memorial) robe.

បងសកលចវរ (Paçsukùla-cìvara, Assàmika-vattha) “Forest Robe”; (probably, សពតបងសកល ) cloth discarded in the forest or on a charnel ground; discarded cloth; (K.) a robe left for the monks to take as a discarded cloth. v. (ដាកសពត ) to leave a robe (together with other offerings) for the monks to take as a discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe Presenta-tion Ceremony.

បចចនតរបេទស (Paccantadesa) the out-skirts of a country; bordering regions.

បចចយ (Paccaya) 1. condition; aiding condition; factor. 2. (the four) requisites, viz., clothing, food, dwelling and medicine; necessities.

បចចយសននសសតសល (Paccayasannissitasìla) discipline as regards the four requisites; conduct in connection with the necessities of life.

បចចយាការៈ (Paccayàkàra) “the Mode of Dependency.” េមល បដចចសមបបាទ

បចចេវកខណៈ (Paccavekkhaäa) reflection; consideration; reviewing.

បចចបដឋាន (Paccupaååhàna) appearance; mode of appearance; phenomenon.

បេចចកពទធ (Paccekabuddha) a private Buddha; a Silent Buddha; a Buddha who has won enlightenment by himself, but does not teach others; one who gains liberation for himself alone.

បចាឆ ភតត (Pacchàbhatta) afternoon; after the mealtime of the monk.

បចាឆ សមណៈ (Pacchàsamaäa) a junior monk who walks behind a senior on his rounds; accompanying monk; attend-ant.

បចឆមជាត (Pacchimajàti) the last birth. បចឆមភតតកាល (Pacchimabhattakàla*) the

limited time for the second and last meal of the monk; lunchtime for Buddhist monks, (11.00 A.M. to 12.00 noon); forenoon meal.

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បចឆមយាម (Pacchimayàma) the last watch (from 2:00 to 6:00 a.m.).

បចឆមវាចា (Pacchimavàcà) the last word; the last saying.

បចឆមឱវាទ (Pacchimaovàda) the last instru-ction; the last advice or exhortation.

បចឆមកាវសសា (Pacchimikà) the later period for keeping the rains.

បញចកខនធ (Pañcakkhandha) the Five Aggre-gates; the five groups of existence; the five causally conditioned elements of existence forming a being or entity, viz., corporeality, feeling, perception, mental forma-tions and consciousness.

បញចងគរបតសាថ ន (Pañcappatiååhitena vandana) five-point prostration; the method of veneration or obeisance by prostra-ting oneself or kneeling and touching the ground with five parts of the body, viz., the knees, elbows and forehead.

បញចទវារ (Pañcadvàra) the five sense-doors: eye, ear, nose, tongue and body.

បញចធម (Pañcadhamma) the five ennob-ling virtues.

បញចវគគយ (Pañcavaggiya) “belonging to the group of five”; the five Bhikkhus; the five ascetics; the five mendicants, namely, Aññàkoäðañña, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahànàma, and Assaji.

បញចសល (Pañcasìla) the Five Precepts; the Five Rules of Morality; the Five

Training Rules. បញាញ (Paññà) wisdom; knowledge;

insight; discernment. បញាញ ចកខ (Paññàcakkhu) the Eye of

Wisdom. បញាញ វមតត (Paññàvimutti) liberation

through wisdom; emancipation through insight.

បញាញ សមបទា (Paññàsampadà) achievement of wisdom; the blessing of higher knowledge.

បញាញ សកាខ េមល អធបញាញ សកាខ បញាហ (Pañhà) a question; inquiry;

problem. បដកលសញាញ (Paåikùlasaññà)

consciousness of impurity; perception of loath-someness.

បដគាគ ហកៈ (Paåiggàhaka) a recipient; one who receives.

បដឃៈ (Paåigha) repulsion; irritation; anger; illwill; grudge.

បដចចសមបបាទ (Paåiccasamuppàda) the Dependent Origination; the Law of Causation; the Chain of Causation; the Law of Dependent Arising; the Chain of Phenomenal Cause and Effect; the Conditional Arising and Cessation of All Phenomena; (the twelve links of) conditioned co-production.

បដញាញ តករណ (Paåiññàtakaraäa) doing according to what is admitted; proceeding on the acknowledgement (by the accused monk).

បដបតត (Paåipatti) the practice. បដបទា (Paåipadà) path; way; method;

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mode of progress; means of reaching a goal; practice; line of conduct.

បដបទាញាណទសសនវសទធ (Paåipadàñàäadassana-visuddhi) purity

of knowledge and vision of progress. បដបសសទធវមតត (Paåipassaddhivimutti)

deli-verance by tranquillization. បដភាគនមតត (Paåibhàganimitta)

conceptua-lized image; counterpart sign; counter image.

បដភាណៈ (Paåibhàäa) perspicuity; sagacity; shrewdness; ready wit.

បដភាណបដសមភទា (Paåibhàäa-paåisambhidà) the Discrimination of Sagacity.

បដមា (Paåimà) an image; figure. បដរបេទសវាស (Paåirùpadesavàsa) living

in a suitable region; residing in a suitable locality; dwelling in a favourable place.

បដេលាម (Paåiloma) reverse; opposite; contrary; backward; in reverse order.

បដេវធៈ (Paåivedha) penetration; realiza-tion; comprehension; attainment; insight; knowledge.

បដសងខរណៈ (Paåisaækharaäa) restoration; reparation; repair; mending.

បដសណឋ ារៈ (Paåisanthàra) friendly welcome; kind reception; hospitality; greeting.

បដសនធ (Paåisandhi) relinking; rebirth; reunion; conception.

បដសនធខណៈ (Paåisandhikkhaäa) relinking moment; the initial thought-moment of life; the initial thought-

process. បដសនធវញាញ ណ (Paåisandhiviññàäa)

rebirth-consciousness; relinking conscious-ness.

បដសមភទា (Paåisambhidà) (the four) Discrimination; analytic insight; Analytical Knowledge; discrimina-ting knowledge.

បដសមភទាមគគ (Paåisambhidàmagga) “the Way of Analysis”; the Way of Discriminating Knowledge”; name of the twelfth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

បដសារណយកមម (Paåisàraäìyakamma)

formal act of reconciliation. បដសសវៈ (Paåissava) promise; assent. បដឋាន (Paååhàna) “the Book of Causal

Relations”; name of the seventh book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

បឋមជឈាន (Paåhamajjhàna) the first Jhàna; the first absorption.

បឋមេទសនា (Paåhamadesanà) the First Sermon; the First Discourse. េមល ធមមចកកបបវតតនសរត

បឋមយាម (Paåhamayàma) the first watch (from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.)

បឋមសាវក (Paåhamasàvaka) the first disciple: Aññàkoäðañña.

បឋវធាត (Paåhavìdhàtu) lit. the earth-element; the element of extension; solid; the substratum of matter.

បណធាន (Paäidhàna) aspiration; determi-nation; resolution.

បណឌ កៈ (Paäðaka) a eunuch. បណណ តតវជជ (Paääattivajja) formulated

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fault; breach of the training rules; that which is blamable by the regulation. េរបៀបេធៀប េលាកវជជ

បេណត ញ , ការ (Pattanikujjanà) the formal act of exclusion from association; excommunication.

បតេជង (Aððhapallaækanisajjà) v. to sit flat with both legs tucked back to one side; sit sideways.

បតាត នេមាទនា (Pattànumodanà) rejoicing in others’ merit.

បតាត នេមាទនាមយៈ (Pattànumodanàmaya) (merit) connected with, or to be gained through, rejoicing in others’ merit.

បតតទាន (Pattidàna) giving of merit; transference of merit; letting others share or participate in doing good.

បតតទានមយៈ (Pattidànamaya) (merit) connected with, or to be gained through, the giving out of one’s accumulated merit; the transference of merit or letting others share in doing good as a way of making merit.

បទដឋាន (Padaååhàna) a proximate cause. បធានៈ (Padhàna) effort; exertion;

striving; the Four Great Efforts. បបញច (Papañca) diversification;

diffuse-ness; multiplicity; proliferation.

បពវជត (Pabbajita) an ascetic; recluse; monk; the ordained; religious; renunciate; monastic.

បពវជជា (Pabbajjà) 1. leaving the world; going forth; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. 2. the lower ordination;

ordination of a novice; admission to novicehood; Initiation.

បពាវ ជនយកមម (Pabbàjanìyakamma) the act of banishment; exile; the punishment made to a monk deserving to be expelled.

បមាទ , េសចកតរបមាទ (Pamàda) heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; indolence; remissness.

បរចតតវជជា េមល េចេតាបរយញាញ ណ បរទារកមម (Paradàrakamma) adultery;

unlawful intercourse with others’ wives.

បរនមមតវសវតត (Paranimmitavasavattì) the realm of gods who lord over the creation of others; name of the sixth heavenly abode of which Vasavatti is the king.

បរមតថ , បរមតថធម (Paramattha) 1. the highest good; the highest ideal; the highest gain; the highest benefit; the final goal; the Absolute Truth; the Ultimate Reality; Nibbàna. 2. (the four) Ultimates; Ultimate Realities.

បរមតថសចច (Paramatthasacca) the absolute truth; ultimate truth.

បរមធាត , រពះ (Dhàtu) the Buddha’s relics.

បរេលាក (Paraloka) the other world; the world beyond; the world to come.

បរវាទ (Paravàdì) the opponent (in argument or controversy.)

បរកមម (Parikamma) 1. arrangement; pre-paration; preliminary action. 2. (K.) repetition; pronouncing incantations; recitation (or to recite)

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for the purpose of making sacred. បរកាខ រ (Parikkhàra) requisite; (the

eight) requisites of a Buddhist monk: the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a needle, the girdle and a water-strainer; accessory; equipment.

បរចាច គ (Pariccàga) donation; charity; sacrifice. v. to donate; give; give up.

បរចាច គ (Pariccàga) giving up; sacrifice. បរេចឆទ (Pariccheda) a chapter;

fascicule. បរញាញ (Pariññà) accurate or exact

knowledge; full understanding; comprehension.

បរញាញ (Pariññù*, Pàliññù*) one versed or learned in Pali studies; one who has passed the examination of any of the seven higher (3 to 9) grades of Pali studies; eccl. graduate of Pali studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar.

បរេញញយយធម (Pariññeyyadhamma) that which is to be known accurately; that which should be understood or comprehended, i.e. suffering (or all conditioned things).

បរតត (Paritta) verses of protection or safeguard; protective chants; holy stanzas.

បរេទវៈ (Parideva) lamentation. បរនពាវ ន (Parinibbàna) the final or

complete Nibbàna; the complete extinction of all passions; the final release from the round of rebirth; the Great Decease of the Buddha; death (after the last life-span of an Arhant).

បរពាវ ជក (Paribbàjaka) a wandering

religious mendicant; wanderer. បរេភាគេចតយ (Paribhogacetiya) a tree,

shrine, dwelling, bed, etc. used by the Buddha and consequently remindful of him and sacred; the monument of the Buddha’s utility; shrine by use (or by association).

បរយតត (Pariyatti) the Scriptures; study of the Scriptures; the Teachings to be studied.

បរវារៈ (Parivàra) “Epitome of the Vinaya”; “the Accessory”; name of the last book of the Vinaya Piåaka.

បរវារ (Parivàra) 1. retinue; suite; pomp; followers; following. 2. accessories.

បរវាស (Parivàsa) probation. បរេវណវតត (Àvàsapariveäa) the

compound of a monastery; the Wat compound.

បរសញញតា (Parisaññutà) the quality of one who knows the assembly; knowing the assembly; knowledge of groups of persons.

បរសទ (Parisà) surrounding people; an assembly; company: association; the four assemblies of the Buddhist devouts: the assemblies of monks, nuns, male and female lay devotees.

បលាសៈ (Palàsa) rivalry; envious rivalry; domineering.

បលេពាធ (Palibodha) obstruction; hindran-ce; obstacle; impediment; drawback.

បលលងក (Pallaæka) a couch; throne; crossedlegged sitting.

បលលងកដមកលរពះពទធរប (Mahàpaåimà-

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patiååhà-na) base (for the principal Buddha image); pedestal.

បវារណា (Pavàraäà) 1. invitation; giving occasion or opportunity; allowance. 2. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to speak; the act of inviting others to advise one or to speak of one’s offences or any unbecoming behav-iour; the ecclesiastical ceremony at the end of the rains retreat, in which monks invite one another to speak of any offences or unbecoming behav-iour they have seen, heard or suspected to have been committed during the rains. v. to invite to ask or to speak.

បសាទៈ (Pasàda) confidence; satisfaction; joy; calm and clarity of mind; appreciation; faith.

បសសទធ (Passaddhi) tranquillity; quietude; calmness; repose; serenity; relaxa-tion.

បសសាសៈ (Passàsa) out-breathing; exhala-tion.

បហាតពវធម (Pahàtabbadhamma) that which is to be eradicated or abandoned, i.e. the Cause of Suffering.

បហានៈ (Pahàna) giving up; abandoning; removal; eradication; overcoming.

បហានបធាន (Pahànapadhàna) the effort to discard evils that have arisen; the effort to overcome unwholesome states.

បាច (Abbhukkirati, Siñcati) v. to sprinkle.

បាចតតយៈ (Pàcittiya) 1. “Minor Offences”; one of the books of the Vinaya; 2. an offence entailing expiation.

បាដេទសនយៈ (Pàåidesanìya) an offence to be confessed.

បាដេមាកខ , បាតេមាកខ (Pàåmokkha, Pàtimok-kha) “the Fundamental Precepts”; the fundamental rules of the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of the fundamental precepts of the Order recited every fortnight; fortnightly recitation of the fundamental precepts; Disciplinary Code.

បាដេមាកខសវរសល

(Pàåimokkhasaçvarasìla) discipline as prescribed by the Pàåimokkha; moral discipline as regards the Fundamental Precepts; restraint with regard to the monastic disciplinary code.

បាដហារយ (Pàåihàriya) marvel; wonder; miracle.

បាណាតបាត (Pàäàtipàta) taking life; killing.

បារត (Patta) a bowl; alms-bowl. បាប (Pàpa) evil; wrong action;

demerit; (mis.) sin. adj. evil; bad; wicked; demeritorious; (mis.) sinful.

បាេមាជជ (Pàmojja) delight; joy; gladness; cheerfulness.

បារម (Pàramì) (the ten) Perfections; stages of spiritual perfection achieved by a Bodhisatta on his path to

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Buddhahood (or by those who are determined to become Pacceka-buddhas or Arahant disciples of a Buddha).

បារាជក (Pàràjika) 1. “Major Offences”; the first of the two divisions of the Suttavibhaæga of the Vinaya. 2. a grave offence involving expulsion from monkhood; Defeat. 3. one who has committed the grave offence of expulsion; defeated one.

បារសទធសល (Pàrisuddhisìla) the four kinds of Higher Sìla; the fourfold moral purity; morality for purification; morality consisting in purity.

បាល (Pàli) 1. Pàli language; the language adopted by the Theravàdins as the language  in which to preserve the memorized teachings of the Buddha. 2. Tipiåaka; the text of the Pali Canon; the Buddha’s teachings as contained in the Tipiåaka.

បាវចនៈ (Pàvacana) the fundamental text; the Scriptures; the Dhamma and the Vinaya; the Doctrine and the Discipline.

បដក (Piåaka) a basket; any of the three main divisions of the Pàli Canon. េមល ៃរតបដក

បណឌ បាត (Piäðapàta) food received in the alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); alms-gathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms; go for collecting alms; go for alms-gathering; go on an almsround; receive food-offerings.

បតមាស (Suvaääàlepa) v. to gild; cover

with gold leaf; put a gold leaf on. adj. gilded; covered with gold leaves.

បតឃាត (Pitughàta) patricide. បតតវសយ , េបតតវសយ (Pittivisaya,

Pettivisa-ya) the plane of the departed; the world of manes; the realm of ghost-beings.

បយវាចា (Piyavàcà) pleasant speech; kindly speech.

បសណាវាចា (Pisuäavàcà) malicious speech; slandering; tale-bearing.

បត (Pìti) joy; rapture; delight; zest; interest.

បគគលញញតា (Puggalaññutà) the quality of one who knows individuals; knowing the individual; knowledge of individuals.

បគគលបញញតត (Puggalapaññatti) “Description of Individuals”; “Designation of Individuals”; name of the fourth book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

បគគលាធដឋាន (Puggalàdhiååhàna) exposition in terms of persons; teaching with reference to persons; teaching by means of personification. cf. Dham-màdhiååhàna.

បចាឆ វសសជជនា (Pucchàvissajjanà) catechism; question and answer.

បញញករយាវតថ (Puññakiriyàvatthu) (the three or ten) items of meritorious action; way of making merit.

បណយ (Puñña) merit; meritorious action; virtue; righteousness; moral acts; good works. adj. meritorious; good.

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បណយជវា , ពធ (Kaääikàropana*) (K.)

the ceremony of mounting the gable-finial.

បណយេនៅផទះ (Gehamaægala*) house-blessing ceremony.

បណយបញចះសមា (Sìmànimittanidhàna) cere-mony of depositing boundary marking stones; burial of boundary markers.

បណយសព (Sarìrajjhàpana) funeral; obsequies; cremation ceremony.

បណយេឡងផទះ

(Gehapaåhamaparibhogamaæ-gala*, Gehappavesana-maægala*) housewarming ceremony.

បថជជន (Puthujjana) a worldling; worldly person; ordinary man.

បពវកតបញញតា (Pubbekatapuññatà) the state of having done meritorious actions in the past; to have done good deeds in the past; having prepared oneself with good background.

បពវកមម (Pubbakamma) a former deed; a deed done in a former existence.

បពវករណ (Pubbakaraäa) preliminary works.

បពវការ (Pubbakàrì) one who does a favour before; a previous benefactor.

បពវកចច (Pubbakicca) preliminary function; preliminary duties.

បពវនមតត (Pubbanimitta) a foregoing sign; prognostic; portent.

បពវេបតពល (Pubbapetabali) offerings dedi-cated to the deceased.

បេពវនវាសានសសតញាណ

(Pubbenivàsànussati-ñàäa) Reminiscence of Past or Previous Births; the recollection of former lives; supernormal know-ledge which enables one to remember the various past courses of one’s own existences.

បេពវសននវាស (Pubbesannivàsa) living toge-ther in the past; previous association; cohabitation in a previous life.

បរមកាវសសា (Purimikà) the earlier period for keeping the rains.

បជនយបគគល (Pùjanìyapuggala) a venerable person; person worthy of honour; one entitled to homage.

បជនយវតថ (Pùjanìyavatthu*) an object of worship.

បជនយសាថ ន , បជនយដឋាន

(Pùjanìyaååhàna*) a place of worship; place of sanctity; religious place; shrine; holy or sacred place; sanctuary.

បជា (Pùjà) worship (external and men-tal); honour; veneration; homage; devotional attention; devotional offering.

បរណម (Puääamì) the full-moon day. បស , ការ (Pabbajjà, upasampadà)

giving up the world; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth; give up or renounce the world; become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be ordained; join or enter the Order.

េបតវតថ (Petavatthu) “Stories of the Departed”; name of the tenth divi-sion of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

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េបយយវជជ (Peyyavajja) lit. “drinkable words”; kindly speech.

េបសញញវាទ េមល បសណាវាចា បេពញ , ចេរមន (Pùreti, Bhàveti) v. to

fulfil; cultivate; develop; practise. របេគន (Sakkaccaç sahatthà deti) v. to

present (something to a monk) with the hand.

របជេភលង (Citakàlimpana, Sarìrajjhàpana) v. to light the funeral pyre.

របណមយ (Añjaliç karoti) v. to lift the joined palms as a token of reverence; put the hands together (at the chest or forehead) in salutation.

របទកសណ (Padakkhiäà) respectful clock-wise circumambulation. v. to circumambulate; make a triple circumambulation.

របមាទ េមល បមាទ របសទកមនត (Parittodaka-abbhukkiraäa*;

~- siñcana*) to sprinkle the holy water.

របាងគ េមល រពះរបាងគ េរបត (Peta) a departed being; ghost;

ghost-being; hungry ghost; the ghost of the departed.

ផផរណាបត (Pharaäàpìti) rapture; diffused rapture.

ផរសវាចា (Pharusavàcà) harsh speech; harsh language.

ផល (Phala) fruit; result; consequence; effect.

ផសស (Phassa) contact; touch; mental impression.

ផាណតៈ (Phàäita) treacle; molasses; sugar.

េផងេជងធប (Dhùpabhàjana*) incensory; censer.

េផាដឋពវ (Phoååhabba) tangible object. ផលតតែណង (Cittavìjanì,

Åhànantaravìjanì) an ornamental long-handled fan used as insignia of a monastic rank; fan as rank insignia; rank fan; official fan; fan insignia.

ផសពវផសាយ (ធម ) (Pakàsana, Vipulakaraäa) propagation; dissemination; spread-ing.

ផសាយកសល េមល ឧទទសកសល ផសាយេមតាត (Mettàya pharaäà) radiation

of loving-kindness. v. to wish others (or all beings) to be well and happy.

ពពទធសមា (Baddhasìmà) boundary establi-shed by the Saægha;

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ពរ (Vara) boon; blessing; favour. ពលៈ (Bala) power; strength; health;

energy. ពល (Bali) religious offering. ពហលកមម (Bahulakamma) េមល អាចណណ កមម ពហសសត (Bahussuta) one who has great

knowledge; a very learned man; well-taught man; man of great learning.

ពាល (Bàla) a fool; spiritually defective person.

ពាហសចច (Bàhusacca) much learning; great learning; profound knowledge.

ពធ (Vidhàna) arrangement; perform-ance; ceremony.

ពធកមម (Pùjàvidhi, Càrittaniyama*) rite; ritual; ceremony.

ពធករ (Vidhikara*) master of ceremonies.

ពធដមងគល (Maægala, Maægala-samaya) auspicious ceremony; festive occa-sion.

ពធបណយកនងវតត (Cetiyamahàpùjà*, Vihàra-samajja*, ~ussava*, ~maha*) temple fair.

ពធមងគលការ (Vivàhakàla, Vivàhamaægala) wedding; marriage ceremony.

ពធេសតច េមល រាជពធ ពធអពមងគល (Avamaægala,

Petadakkhiäà-dàna) (K.) funeral; rites for the dead; funereal occasion; memorial service; inauspicious

occasion. ពនទ , ពនទកបប េមល កបបពនទ ពជនយាម (Bìjaniyàma) physical

organic order; biological laws. ពទធ (Buddha) the Buddha; a Buddha;

enlightened one. ពទធកាល (Buddhakàla) the time of the

Buddha (or a Buddha); the advent of the Buddha.

ពទធកចច (Buddhakicca) the Buddha’s daily routine; duty of the Buddha.

ពទធគណ (Buddhaguäa) the quality (virtue or character) of the Buddha.

ពទធចរក (Buddhacakka) the Buddhist monastic order.

ពទធចរយា (Buddhacariyà) the Buddha’s conduct; the Buddha’s course of conduct; the Buddha’s career or style of life; the Buddha’s life activities; the way of the Buddha.

ពទធនតរ (Buddhantara) a Buddha-interval; the period between the appearance of one Buddha and the next.

ពទធបដមា េមល រពះពទធបដមា ពទធបរសទ (Buddhaparisà) the Buddhist

assembly; the four assemblies of Buddhists; Buddhists (collectively).

ពទធបាទ (Buddhapàda) the Buddha’s footprint.

ពទធរបវតត (Buddhapavatti*) the life of the Buddha; life-story of the Buddha.

ពទធភាសត (Buddhabhàsita) what was said by the Buddha; the Buddha’s sayings.

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ពទធមាមកៈ (Buddhamàmaka) one devoted to the Buddha; one who professes Buddhism; Buddhist.

ពទធរប េមល រពះពទធរប ពទធវចនៈ (Buddhavacana) the word of

the Buddha; (K.) any sayings or teachings of the Buddha.

ពទធវស (Buddhavaçsa) “the History of the Buddhas”; name of the fourteenth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ពទធសករាជ (Buddhasaka*) the Buddhist Era (B.E.).

ពទធសាសនា េមល រពះពទធសាសនា ពទធសាសនក (Buddhamàmaka) a

Buddhist; adherent of Buddhism. ពទធានសសត (Buddhànussati) recollection

of the Buddha; reflection on the virtue of the Buddha.

ពទធាវាស (Buddhàvàsa*) ‘residence of the Buddha’; the sanctuary or public precincts of a monastery.

ពទធចរត (Buddhicarita) the intellectual; the wise; one whose behaviour or character is wisdom; an intelligent-natured person.

េពាជឈងគ (Bojjhaæga) (the seven) Consti-tuents (or Factors) of Enlightenment; enlightenment factors.

េពាធ (េដម ) (Bodhirukkha) the “Bo” tree; the Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the Ficus Religiosia.

េពាធញាណ (Bodhiñàäa) Enlightenment; supreme knowledge.

េពាធបកខយធម (Bodhipakkhiya-dhamma) (the thirty-seven) qualities contri-

buting to enlightenment; virtues partaking of enlightenment.

េពាធសតវ , រពះ (Bodhisatta) the Bodhisatta; Bodhisattva; a Buddha-to-be; Enlig-htenment  being; candidate for Buddhahood; one who has resolved to attain enlightenment for the helping of his fellow beings.

ពយាករណ (Vyàkaraäa) answer; explana-tion; declaration; exposition; predic-tion.

ពយាធ (Byàdhi) disease; sickness; ailment.

ពយាបាទ (Byàpàda) ill-will; hatred; malevolence; aversion.

ពយាយាម , េសចកត (Vàyàma) effort; exertion; striving; endeavour.

រពហម (Brahma) 1. (in Hinduism) Brahma; the Creator; the Universal Self. 2. (in Buddhism) a divine being of the Form Sphere or of the Formless Sphere; brahma god; happy and blameless celestial being; inhabitant of the higher heavens.

រពហមចរយៈ (Brahmacariya) the Holy Life; sublime life; religious life; celibate life; chaste life; strict chastity; Brahma-faring.

រពហមចារ (Brahmacàrì) one who leads a holy or chaste life; celibate; Brahma-farer.

រពហមទណឌ (Brahmadaäða) lit. sublime punishment; punishment by suspend-ing or breaking off conversation and communication; sanctioned punish-ment by silent treatment.

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រពហមេលាក (Brahmaloka) the Brahma world; the Fine-Material and Imma-terial Worlds.

រពហមវហារ (Brahmavihàra) (the four) Divine States (of mind); the four noble sentiments; the Highest Conduct; the sublime states of mind.

រពាហមណ (Bràhmaäa) a Brahmin; man of the Brahmin caste; a priest.

រពះរកាប (Abhivàdanacela*) cloth for placing the forehead on when bowing down; prostrating cloth.

រពះរគ (Garuååhàniyabhikkhu*) the title of a monastic dignitary lower than Chao Khun; Phra Khru; Venerable Teacher.

រពះដមានរពះភាគ (Bhagavà) the Blessed One; the Exalted One.

រពះធម (Dhamma) Dhamma; Dharma; the Doctrine; the Teachings; the Law; the Norm.

រពះបរមសាសាត (Satthu) the Master; the Teacher; the Great Master; the Buddha.

រពះពទធ (Buddha) the Buddha; Lord Buddha; the Enlightened One; the Awakened One.

រពះពទធបដមា (Buddhapaåimà) a Buddha image.

រពះពទធបដមាតចៗ

(Patiååhànabuddhapaåimà*) a Buddha image of a larger size fit to be placed

more or less permanently for worship; Buddha image (to be) set (on an altar) for worship; altar Buddha-image.

រពះពទធបដមាធៗ

(Padhànabuddhapaåimà*) the principal Buddha image (in the Uposatha hall); main Buddha image.

រពះពទធបនទ (Sìhaseyyàkappakabuddha-paåimà*, Sayànapaåimà*) Reclining Buddha.

រពះពទធបាទ (Buddhapàda) the Buddha’s footprint.

រពះពទធរប (Buddharùpa) the figure of the Buddha; a Buddha image.

រពះពទធសាសនា (Buddhasàsana) Buddhism; the teaching of the Buddha.

រពះសងឃ (Saægha) 1. Saægha; the Order; the monastic order. 2. (K.) a monk.

រពះសថប (Thùpa) (round-topped) tower-like stupa with a pronged crown-piece; Phra Prang.

រពះសយយាសនៈ េមល រពះពទធបនទ រពះអងគ (Khuddakabuddhapaåibimba*) a

small Buddha image (often used as an amulet or talisman); amuletic Buddha image.

ភភគវា េមល រពះដមានរពះភាគ ភងគ (Bhaæga) dissolution; cessation;

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dissolving or waning moment. ភណឌ ាគារក (Bhaäðàgàrika) a store-

keeper or treasurer. ភណឌ កមម (Bhaäðùkamma) close

shaving; act of shaving close. ភតត (Bhatta) food; meal; boiled rice. ភតតកចច (Bhattakicca) taking a meal. ភតតេទទសកៈ (Bhattuddesaka) one in

charge of the distribution of food; an elder who supervises the distribution of food; superintendent of meals; issuer of meals.

ភព (Bhava) becoming; existence; pro-cess of becoming; state of existence.

ភយ (Bhaya) fear; fright; danger. ភយាគត (Bhayàgati) wrong way of

behaviour consisting in fear; prejudice caused by fear.

ភវងគ (Bhavaæga) life-continuum; the subliminal consciousness; constituent of becoming; the passive state of mind.

ភវតណហ ា (Bhavataähà) craving for exist-ence; craving for rebirth; craving for sensual pleasures connected with the view of eternalism.

ភាវៈ (Bhàva) fixed nature; condition; state of being.

ភាវនា (Bhàvanà) development; mental culture; meditation.

ភាវនាបធាន (Bhàvanàpadhàna) the effort to develop unrisen good; the effort to develop wholesome states.

ភាវនាមយៈ (Bhàvanàmaya) (merit) gained through, or connected with,

meditation; merit accomplished by mental culture; mental culture as a way of making merit.

ភាវនាមយបញាញ (Bhàvanàmayapaññà)

wisdom resulting from mental development; understanding through practice.

ភាេវតពវធម (Bhàvetabbadhamma) that which is to be developed, i.e. the Noble Eightfold Path.

ភាសត (Bhàsita) a saying. ភកាខ (Bhikkhà) alms; begged food. ភកាខ ចារ (Bhikkhàcàra) going about for

alms; begging for alms. ភកខ (Bhikkhu) a Bhikkhu; Bhikshu;

Buddhist monk. ភកខន (Bhikkhunì) a Bhikkhuni;

Bhikshuni; Buddhist nun. ភត (Bhùta) 1. the elements of which

the body is composed. េមល មហាភតរប 2. a living being; born creature. 3. a

ghost. 4. an Arahant. ភម (Bhùmi) 1. ground; plane; stage;

level. 2. plane of existence; plane of consciousness.

េភសជជ (Bhesajja) medicine; drug. េភាគ (Bhoga) wealth; riches;

possession; enjoyment. េភាជន (Bhojana) food; meal. េភាជនដឋាន (Bhattagga) refectory. េភាជនយ (Bhojanìya) fit to be eaten;

soft food. េភាជេន មតញញតា (Bhojanemattaññutà)

moderation in eating.

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មមកខ (Makkha) depreciation of another’s worth; detraction.

មគគ (Magga) the Path; the Way; the Noble Path; the Noble Eightfold Path; the Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering.

មគគនាយក (Magganàyaka*) lay leader of a congregation (or, of a Wat lay community).

មងគល (Maægala) festivity; good omen; auspice; auspicious ceremony; (the thirty-eight) blessings. adj. auspicious.

មចច (Maccu) death. មចចរាជ (Maccuràja) the king of death;

the Death. មចឆរយៈ (Macchariya) meanness; avari-

ciousness; stinginess; possessiveness. មជជ (Majja) an intoxicant. មជឈម (Majjhima) middler; a monk

who has been ordained between 5 and just under 10 years.

មជឈមនកាយ (Majjhimanikàya) “Collection of Middle-length Discourses”; “Further Dialogues of the Buddha”; name of the second of the five main divisions of the Sutta Piåaka.

មជឈមរបេទស េមល មធយមរបេទស មជឈមយាម (Majjhimayàma) the middle

watch (from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.). មជឈមាបដបទា (Majjhimà paåipadà) the

Middle Path; the Middle Way; the via media; the golden mean. េមល មគគ

មណឌ ប (Maäðapa) a pavilion; temporary shed; square spired pavilion.

មតតញញតា (Mattaññutà) moderation; tem-perance; sense of proportion.

មទៈ (Mada) intoxication; pride; sexual excess.

មទទវៈ (Maddava) gentleness; softness. មធយមរបេទស (Majjhimadesa) the middle

country including the Ganges basin. មនៈ , មេនា (Mana) mind; thinking

func-tion; thinking faculty. មនសការ (Manasikàra) attention;

pondering; attentiveness; advertence; mental application; reflection.

មនសស (Manussa) a human being. មនសសធម (Manussadhamma) humanity;

virtue of man; the Five Precepts. មនសសេលាក (Manussaloka) the human

world; the human realm; the world of humans.

មេនាកមម (Manokamma) mental action; action done by mind.

មេនាទចចរត (Manoduccarita) evil mental action; evil of mind or thoughts; misconduct by mind; mental misconduct.

មេនាទវារ (Manodvàra) the mind-door; mind-avenue.

មេនាធាត (Manodhàtu) the mind-element; element of apprehension; the ideational faculty.

មេនាមយទធ (Manomayiddhi) the magic

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power of the mind; mind-made magical power.

មេនាវញាញ ណ (Manoviññàäa) mind-conscious-ness; the mind cognition.

មេនាវញាញ ណធាត (Manoviññàäadhàtu) mind-consciousness element.

មេនាសងខារ េមល ចតតសងខារ មេនាសចរត (Manosucarita) good mental

action; good conduct in thought. មនត (Manta) a charm; spell;

incantation; sacred or magical formula or invocation; verbal formulas used as incantations in the magic of sound. េមល សរតមនត

មរនតសងឃ (Saæghamanti-gaäa, ~-samajjà*) Council of Saægha Ministers; Eccl. Cabinet.

មមងការ (Mamaækàra) lit. the making of the utterance ‘my’; selfish attachment; the notion of ‘my’; ‘my’-making. េរបៀបេធៀប អហងការ

មរណៈ (Maraäa) death. មរណភាព (Maraäabhàva*) death (of a

monk or novice). មរណសត (Maraäasati) mindfulness of

death; meditation on death. មលៈ (Mala) dirt; impurity; stain;

refuse; dust. មហា (Mahà*) the title of a អនកធ មហាជាត (Mahàjàtaka) the Great Birth

Story; story of the Buddha when he was born as Prince Vessantara. េមល េទសនាមហាជាត

មហាេថរសមាគម (Mahàtherasamàgama*) Mahathera Council; Council of

Elders; the Saægha Supreme Council. មហានកាយ (Mahànikàya*) the

Mahànikàya Sect; “Great Sect”; Greater Sub-Order (of the Khmer Monkhood); greater denomination. េរបៀបេធៀប ធមម -យតត

មហាបរស (Mahàpurisa) Great Man. មហាបរសលកខណៈ (Mahàpurisalakkhaäa)

(the thirty-two) marks of the Great Man.

មហាភេនរសកមណ (Mahàbhinikkhamana) the Great Renunciation; the going forth of the Bodhisatta into the homeless life.

មហាភតរប (Mahàbhùtarùpa) (the four) primary elements; great essentials; material qualities of matter.

មហាយាន (Mahàyàna) “the Great Vehicle”; the school of the Great Vehicle (of salvation); the Northern School of Buddhism.

មាឃបជា (Màghapùjà) Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the third lunar month in commemoration of the Great Assembly of Disciples.

មាតាបតឧបដឋាន (Màtàpituupaååhàna) the support of mother and father; ministering to parents; looking after parents.

មាតកា (Màtikà) 1. matrix; schedule; list; heading. 2. (K.) funeral chanting (of Abhidhamma matrices or schedules).

មាតគាម (Màtugàma) a woman; women-folk; women (collectively).

មាតឃាត (Màtughàta) matricide.

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មានតត (Mànatta) penance. មានះ (Màna) conceit; pride; inordinate

feeling; lust for power. មាយា (Màyà) illusion; deceit; trick; the

display of an illusion. មារ (Màra) the Evil One; Death; the

Tempter. មចាឆ ទដឋ (Micchàdiååhi) wrong view;

false view. មតតបដរបកៈ (Mittapaåirùpaka) a false

friend; one pretending to be a friend. មទធ (Middha) torpor; drowsiness;

languor. មខបាឋ (Mukhapàåha) word of mouth;

verbal recital; oral tradition. មទតា (Mudità) sympathetic joy;

altruistic joy. មទតាចតត , ការសែមតង (Muditàkamma*)

congratulation. មសាវាទ (Musàvàda) false speech;

lying. មលកមមដឋាន (Mùla-kammaååhàna) basic

meditation subject (comprising the five exposed parts of the body, viz., head hair, body hair, nails, teeth and skin).

មលបញញតត (Paññatti, Mùlapaññatti) root-regulation; main rule; principal or primary rule.

េមគណ (Gaäàdhipati*) 1. chief monk of an administrative division; eccl. chief officer; eccl. governor. The term Ecclesiastical, or its abbreviation Eccl. can be prefixed to the title of a government administrative officer at

different levels to designate its equivalent in the Ecclesiastical Order, e.g. Eccl. District Officer, for អនគណ 2. chief monk of a monastery- section.

េមគណេខតត (Nagarasaæghapàmokkha*) the Ecclesiastical Provincial Governor.

េមគណតបន (Mahàsaæghamaäðalapàmok-

kha*) the Chief Superintendent of the (Central, North, South, East, or Dhammayuttika) Ecclesiastries; Chief of the ... Eccl. Jurisdiction; Eccl. Governor General.

េមគណភមភាគ

(Cùøasaæghamaäðalapàmok-kha*) the Ecclesiastical Regional Governor.

េមតាត (Mettà) loving-kindness; friendli-ness; goodwill.

េមថនធមម (Methunadhamma) sexual intercourse; coupling; coitus.

េមរ , េមន េមល ចតកាដឋាន េមាកខ (Mokkha) salvation; release;

deliverance; liberation; the state of disentanglement; release; freedom.

េមាកខធម (Mokkhadhamma) salvation; deliverance; freedom.

េមាហៈ (Moha) delusion; ignorance; dullness.

េមាហចរត (Mohacarita) the unintelligent; the ignorant; one whose habit is infatuation; a man of foolish habits; the stupid- or dullnatured; one of deluded temperament.

េមាហាគត (Mohàgati) wrong way of behaviour consisting in delusion;

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prejudice caused by delusion or stupidity.

មសវរត (Maçsavirati*) abstinence

from meat; vegetarianism. មាច សេដមបណយ . (Nimantaka, Dànapati)

the host; sponsor; chief donor.

យយកស (Yakkha) 1. a demon. 2. an attendant of Kuvera or Vessavaäa. 3. a messenger of Yama. 4. a fallen angel; deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the Four Great Kings. 7. the individual soul.

យញញ (Yañña) 1. (in Hinduism) sacrifice; offerings. 2. (in Buddhism) alms-giving; charity.

យថាភតញាណទសសនៈ (Yathàbhùtañàäadassana) absolute

knowledge; the knowledge and vision according to reality; knowing and seeing things as they are.

យមកៈ (Yamaka) “The Book of Pairs”; name of the sixth book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

យមកបាដហារយ (Yamakapàåihàriya) the Twin Wonder; the Twin Miracle; the miracle of the double appearances, consisting in the appearance of phenomena of opposite character in pairs, as streaming forth of fire and water at the same time.

យមរាជ (Yama) the Lord of the Under-world; ruler of the kingdom of the dead; death.

យស (Yasa) glory; fame; repute; success; honour; high position.

យាមា (Yàmà) the realm of the Yàma gods; name of the third heavenly

abode, of which Suyàma is the king. េយភយយសកា (Yebhuyyasikà) decision

according to the majority. េយាគៈ (Yoga) 1. effort; endeavour;

application; undertaking. 2. bond; tie; attachment.

េយាគាវចរ (Yogàvacara) one who practises spiritual exercise; meditator.

េយាគ (Yogì) one who devotes himself to spiritual things; an earnest student; one devoted to mental training; meditator.

េយាជន (Yojana) a measure of length; a distance of about 10 miles, or 16 kilometres.

េយាន (Yoni) 1. origin; way of birth; place of birth; realm of existence; source; (the four) Modes of Births. 2. thoroughness; knowledge; insight.

េយានេសាមនសការ (Yonisomanasikàra)

proper attention; systematic attention; having thorough method in one’s thought; proper consideration; wise consideration; thorough attention; critical reflection; genetical reflec-tion; analytical reflection.

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ររងវាសបលលងក (Pallaækappamàäa) ”lap-front measure”; the method of measuring the size of a crosslegged sitting Buddha image.

រតនរតយ (Ratanattaya) the Triple Gem; the Triple Jewel; the Three Jewels.

រតតញញ (Rattaññù) an elder of long standing.

រេបៀង [រពះវហារ ] (Maåha, Samanta-paghaäa) cloister.

រេបៀងរពះវហារ (Maåha; Samantapaghaäa) cloister.

រស (Rasa) 1. taste; sapid object; flavour. 2. function.

រាគៈ (Ràga) lust; passion; excitement; greed; attachment.

រាគចរត (Ràgacarita) the lustful; one whose habit is passion; one of passionate behaviour; the lustful-natured; one of lustful temperament.

រាជពល (Ràjabali) offering to the king or the government, as by paying taxes.

រាជពធ (Ràjavidhi*, Ràjapùjàvidhi*) a royal ceremony.

រាជាគណៈ (Ràjàgaäayati, Cùøasaægharàjà*) (a dignitary belonging to) the Royal Chapter (of monks); Chao Khun.

រានរពះភម (Bhummadevaååhàna*)

(guardian-) spirit house. រាយមាយ , េសចកត (uddhacca)

restlessness; distraction; flurry. រប (Rùpa) 1. matter; form; material;

body; shape; corporeality. 2. object of the eye; visible object.

របជឈាន (Rùpajhàna) Jhànas (Absorptions) of the Fine-Material Sphere.

របរាគៈ (Rùparàga) desire for life in the world of form; craving for form; attachment to realms of form; greed for fine-material existence.

របេលាក (Rùpaloka) the world of form; the Form Sphere.

របារមមណ (Rùpàrammaäa) visible object. របាវចរភម (Rùpàvacarabhùmi) the Plane

of Form; the Form Plane; Fine-Material Sphere.

ៃរអងគាស , ការ (Samantayàcanà*) request for donation; collection of voluntary contributions.

េរាងដាកជង (Gaäðighara) belfry; bell tower.

េរាងឧេបាសថ (Uposathagga, Uposathàgàra) the uposatha hall; a chapter house; a hall or building in a monastery in which ecclesiastical acts or ceremo-nies are performed; consecrated assembly hall; (mis.) church; temple.

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លលកខណៈ (Lakkhaäa) a characteristic; sign; mark; distinguishing mark; prog-nosticative mark; quality.

លទធ (Laddhi) a theory; view; doctrine. លយរបទប (Puåaplàvana*) ‘leaf-vessel

floating’; the Loy Krathong Festival. លាចាកសកាខ បទ (Sikkhaç paccakkhàti) to

give up the Training; leave monkhood. េមល សក

លាប (េមសៅ ) (Abbhañjati) v. to anoint; n. anointment.

លាភ (Làbha) gain; acquisition. លតជងគង (Jannukàhi nipatati) v. to sit on

one’s heels; kneel. លខបបមាណកា (Lùkhappamàäikà) those

who measure or judge by shabbiness; those whose faith depends on shabbiness or miserable life.

េលាក (Loka) the world; a world; plane of existence.

េលាកធម (Lokadhamma) (the eight) worldly conditions; things of the world; worldly vicissitudes.

េលាកធាត (Lokadhàtu) a unit of the Universe; world; sphere; another term for Cakkavàla.

េលាកធបេតយយ (Lokàdhipateyya)

dependence on public opinion; following the influence of the world; supremacy of the world; dominant influence by (the censure of) the world.

េលាកបាល េមល ចាតមមហារាជ េលាកមាច ស (Bhikkhu, Pabbajita) 1. title

used when speaking of a Buddhist monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikkhu; Buddhist monk; monk; (in other religions) a priest; minister; clergyman; etc.

េលាកវជជ (Lokavajja) worldly fault; breach of the ordinary moral law; action reprehended in the world; that which is blamable by the world. េរបៀបេធៀប បញញតតវជជ

េលាកយ (Lokiya) adj. mundane; worldly; belonging to the world.

េលាកតតរ (Lokuttara) adj. supramundane; transcendental; beyond these worlds.

េលាកតតរធម (Lokuttaradhamma) (the nine) supramundane states: the Four Paths, the Four Fruits and Nibbàna.

េលាកតតរភម (Lokuttarabhùmi) the Supra-mundane Plane (of consciousness).

េលាភៈ (Lobha) greed; covetousness; acquisitiveness.

េលាហតបបាទ (Lohituppàda) wounding of a Buddha; causing a Buddha to suffer a contusion or to bleed.

លះ (ចវរ ជាេដម ) (Paccuddharaäa) to give up the use (of an old robe); remove; revoke.

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វវគគ (Vagga) a group; party; chapter of a book.

វចកមម (Vacìkamma) verbal action; deed by word; action performed by speech.

វចទចចរត (Vacìduccarita) misbehaviour in words; misconduct by speech; verbal misconduct.

វចទវារ (Vacìdvàra) speech as a door of action; speech-door.

វចវញញតត (Vacìviññatti) verbal intimation; verbal expression.

វចសងខារ (Vacìsaækhàra) verbal formation, i.e. Vitakka and Vicàra; verbal volition.

វចសចរត (Vacìsucarita) good action in speech; good conduct in word.

វចចកដ (Vaccakuåì) េមល បងគន វដដ (Vaååa) the round of rebirth; the

round of existences; the cycle of rebirth.

វណណ ៈ (Vaääa) 1. colour of the skin; appearance; complexion; beauty. 2. caste. 3. fame; repute.

វតត (Vatta) duty; service; function; monastic daily routine or service; custom; observance.

វតត (Vihàra, Àràma) Wat; a monastery; templemonastery; (mis.) temple.

វតតចាស (េគេបាះបងេចាល ) (Suññavihàra*) deserted monastery; uninhabited monastery.

វតតរបតបតត (Vata) ascetic practice;

religious observance. វតតរពះរាជា (Ràjavaravihàra*, Ràjàvàsa*)

royal monastery. វតតរារសត (Gàmikavihàra*) private

monastery; community monastery. វតថពនធចេងកះ (Kàyabandhana) a girdle;

waistband. វតថកាម (Vatthukàma) objective

sensuality; lovely sense-objects; sensual pleasures.

វតថមងគល (Maægalavatthu*) amulet; talis-man; fetish; lucky piece; charm; good-luck charm.

វតថមានអណាច , វតថសកតសទធ (Parittavatthu, Indajàlikavatthu*) something said to have magic power; magic object; amulet; talisman; charm; fetish.

វតថសកតសទធ (Indajàlikavatthu*) an amulet; talisman.

វយ (Vaya) 1. (the three) ages; periods of life. 2. decay; loss.

វសស (Vassa) a year; rainy season; the rains; rains-retreat; rains-residence; the Buddhist Lent.

វសសបមាយកា េមល ៃថងចលវសសា វាចា (Vàcà) speech; word; saying. វាទៈ (Vàda) theory; saying; doctrine;

creed. វាយាមៈ (Vàyàma) effort; endeavour;

exertion; striving. វាេយាធាត (Vàyodhàtu) lit. the air-

element; motion; the element of motion; vibration.

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វកបប (Vikappa) to share ownership (of an extra bowl or robe) with another monk.

វកាល (Vikàla) improper time; wrong time; unseemly hours; afternoon and night.

វកខមភនវមតត (Vikkhambhanavimutti)

deliver-ance by suppression. វចយ (Vicaya) investigation; (K.)

research. វចារ (Vicàra) sustained application;

discursive thinking; deliberation. វចកចាឆ (Vicikicchà) doubt; perplexity;

scepsis; scepticism; indecision; uncertainty.

វជជា (Vijjà) knowledge; transcendental wisdom; the Threefold Knowledge.

វញញតត (Viññatti) 1. intimation; expression. 2. begging; (unlawful) request (for food and other requisites); hinting.

វញាញ ណ (Viññàäa) consciousness; act of consciousness; (T., mis.) soul; spirit.

វញាញ ណញាច យតនៈ (Viññàäañcàyatana) the Realm of Infinity of Consciousness; the Realm of Boundless Conscious-ness.

វញញ (Viññù) a wise man. វតកក (Vitakka) initial application;

thought conception; thought. វតកកចរត (Vitakkacarita) the discursive;

the ruminating-natured; one of speculative temperament.

វនយ (Vinaya) 1. discipline; the monastic regulations; the code of

monastic discipline; the rules of discipline of the Order. 2. training; guidance. 3. organization; system.

វនយធរ (Vinayadhara-gaäa, ~-samajjà*) Eccl. judicature.

វនយធរ (Vinayadhara) one versed in the Discipline; an expert in the disciplinary code. េមល គណៈវនយធរ

វនយបដក (Vinayapiåaka) the Basket of Discipline; the Discipline Basket; the Book of Discipline.

វនបាត (Vinipàta) bad falling; place of suffering; perdition; birth of demons.

វបតត (Vipatti) failure; falling away; misfortune; downfall; disadvantage; abortion; invalidity.

វបរណាម (Vipariäàma) change; transforma-tion; alteration.

វបលាល ស (Vipallàsa) derangement; perver-sion; perversity.

វបសសនា (Vipassanà) insight; intuitive vision; introspection; comtempla-tion; intuition; insight development.

វបសសនាកមមដឋាន េមល វបសសនាភាវនា វបសសនាធរៈ (Vipassanàdhura) the

burden of comtemplation; obligation of insight development; task of meditation practice.

វបសសនាភាវនា (Vipassanà-bhàvanà) insight development.

វបាក (Vipàka) consequence; effect; result; resultant; fruit.

វបាកចតត (Vipàkacitta) resultant conscious-ness; kamma resultant.

វបបដសារ (Vippaåisàra) remorse;

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repentance. វភងគ (Vibhaæga) “the Book of

Divisions”; “the Book of Treatises”; name of the second book of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.

វភវតណហ ា (Vibhavataähà) craving for selfannihilation; craving for (or attachment to) sensual pleasures connected with the view of nihilism; craving for non-existence.

វមាន (Vimàna) a celestial mansion; fairy-palace.

វមានវតថ (Vimànavatthu) “Stories of Celestial Mansions”; “Stories of the Mansions”; name of the ninth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

វមតត (Vimutti) deliverance; emancipation; release; salvation; liberation; freedom.

វមតតសខ (Vimuttisukha) Bliss of Eman-cipation; bliss of freedom.

វេមាកខ (Vimokkha) េមល វមតត វមសា (Vìmaçsà) investigation;

reason-ing; reflection; examination; testing.

វរត (Virati) abstinence; (the three) abstinences.

វរាគៈ (Viràga) detachment; dispassionate-ness; absence of lust; destruction of passions.

វរយារមភ (Viriyàrambha) application of exertion; stirred-up energy; energetic effort.

វវដដ (Vivaååa) freedom from rebirth; absence of the cycle of existence; Nibbàna.

វវាទធករណ (Vivàdàdhikaraäa) legal questions concerning disputes; contention (concerning the Doctrine and the Discipline).

វេវក (Viveka) seclusion; solitude; detachment.

វសងខារ េមល អសងខតធម វសជជនា (Visajjanà) answer;

explanation; exposition; elucidation. វសយ (Visaya) 1. range; reach; scope;

sphere; realm; power; capacity. 2. sense-object.

វសាខបជា (Visàkhapùjà) Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the sixth lunar month in commemoration of the Buddha’s Birth, Enlightenment and Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the Festival of the May Full Moon; widely known as Wesak or Vesak, but preferably,Vesakh or Wesakh.

វសទធ (Visuddhi) purity; purification; stage of purity.

វសគាមសមា (Visuçgàmasìmà) a land grant (set apart for the Saægha of a monastery); consecrated boundaries; consecrated area; concession; a tract of land (now, usually a small rectangular plot of ground) officially granted to the Saægha for establish-ing the boundaries of the jurisdiction of a community of monks (now, for consecrating as the site of the Uposatha hall of a monastery).

វហារ (Vihàra) 1. a dwelling-place (for monks); retreat; monastery; abode. 2. a state of mind; mode of life. 3. (K.) a temple; repository of Buddha images;

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Buddha-image hall; shrinehall. វហសាវតកត (Vihiçsàvitakka) cruel

thought; thought of cruelty; thought of violence.

វថចតត (Vìthicitta) thought process; process of cognition; a single unit of cognition; different serial processes of cognition; conscious mind.

វរយៈ (Viriya; Vìriya) effort; energy; vigour; endeavour; exertion; perseverance.

េវទនា (Vedanà) feeling; sensation. េវទនានបសសនា (Vedanànupassanà) the

contemplation of feelings; the contemplation of sensations; mind-fulness as regards feelings.

េវេនយយ (Veneyya) one who is accessible to instruction; one who is ready to receive the Teaching (of the Buddha); a tractable person; trainable

person; teachable person. េវយយាវចច (Veyyàvacca) service; helpful

activity; attention; duty. េវយយាវចចករ (Veyyàvaccakara) a servant;

attendant; monks’ agent; one who renders a service; lay bursar (of a monastery).

េវយយាវចចមយៈ (Veyyàvaccamaya) (merit) to be gained through, or connected with, rendering one’s services.

េវរា (Vera) enmity; hostile action; hatred; revenge.

េវសារជជ (Vesàrajja) intrepidity; perfect selfconfidence.

េវសសៈ (Vessa) a member of the third caste; merchant and agriculturalist; tradesfolk.

សសកទាគាមផល (Sakadàgàmiphala) the Fruit of Once-Returning.

សកទាគាមមគគ (Sakadàgàmimagga) the Path of Once-Returning.

សកទាគាម , រពះ (Sakadàgàmì) the Once-Returner; one who has attained the second stage of the Path and will be reborn on the earth only once before attaining the final emancipation.

សកលមហាសងឃបរណាយកៈ (Sakalamahàsaægha pariäàyaka) top leader of the entire Great Sangha; head of the national Sangha; the secondary title

attached to the title of សេមតចរពះសងឃរាជ (Saægharàja), i.e. the Supreme

Patriarch, or chief of the Buddhist Order of Thailand.

សកវាទ (Sakavàdì) the affirmative; proposer.

សកាក យទដឋ (Sakkàyadiååhi) self-illusion; the delusion of self; belief in a personal self; theory of soul; egoistic view.

សកាក រៈ (Sakkàra) honour; worship; hospitality.

សគគ េមល សគ

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សរងកាន (Mahàsaækanti) (K.) the festival celebrated on the day of the passage of the Sun to Aries, the first sign of the Zodiac; Songkran Festival; water-throwing festival; the traditional Khmer New Year.

សងខតធម (Saækhatadhamma) things condi-tioned by causes; things produced by combination of causes; conditioned or compounded things.

សងខារ (Saækhàra) 1. compounded things; component things; conditioned things; the world of phenomena; all things which have been made up by pre-existing causes, (as in Sabbe Saækhàrà aniccà). 2. volitional activities; formation; kamma forma-tions; mental formations; mental predispositions; volitional impulses; impulses and emotions; volition; all the mental factors except feeling and perception having volition as the constant factor, (as in the Five Aggregates and in the Law of Causation). 3. essential conditions; the sum of the conditions or essential properties for a given process or result; constructing or formative factors, (as in Àyusaækhàra, Kàyasaæ khàra). 4. conducive factors; instiga-tion (as in Sasaækhàrika, Asaækhàrika).

សងគណ េមល ធមមសងគណ សងគហវតថ (Saægahavatthu) objects of

sym-pathy; objects of favour; principles of kindly treatment; principles of service and social integration.

សងគាយនា , សងគត (Saægìti) rehearsal; a Council; general convocation of the Sangha in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fix the text of the Scriptures.

សងគតកថា (Saægìtikathà*) preaching or chanting on the account of the First Council of Buddhism.

សេរងគាះ (Saægaha) 1. to treat kindly; give help; favour; aid. 2. to compile; collect; comprise; include; group.

សងឃ (Saægha) community; assemblage; a chapter of (not less than four) Buddhist monks; the Sangha; the Order; the Buddhist clergy; the Buddhist church; Holy Brotherhood.

សងឃកមម (Saæghakamma) an act or ceremony performed by a chapter of Buddhist monks assembled in solemn conclave; a formal act.

សងឃគណ (Saæghaguäa) (the nine) virtues of the Saægha.

សងឃដកា ឬ ឆាយា (Suddhipaååa*) identity card; identification papers.

សងឃទាន (Saæghadàna) offering to the Order; gift to the Sangha; offering dedicated to the Sangha; gift dedicated to the Community as a whole.

សងឃនាយក (Saæghanàyaka*) Eccl. Prime Minister.

សងឃេភទ (Saæghabheda) schism; causing dissension among the Order; the creation of a schism in the Saægha.

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សងឃមណឌ ល (Saæghamaäðala) the Order; the Monastic Order; the Sangha; the monkhood.

សងឃមរនត Eccl. Minister. េមល គណៈសងឃ សងឃរាជ , សេមតចរពះ (Saægharàja) (His

Holi-ness) the Supreme Patriarch. សងឃសភា (Saæghasabhà) Eccl.

Assembly. សងឃាដ (Saæghàåi) the outer robe of a

Buddhist monk. សងឃាទេសស (Saæghàdisesa) an offence

entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Saægha; Formal Meeting.

សងឃាធការ (Saæghàdhikàra*) an ecclesia-stical official; eccl. administrative officer.

សងឃានសសត (Saæghànussati) recollection of the Order; reflection on the virtue of the Saægha.

សងឃាវាស (Saæghàvàsa*) the monastic precincts; living quarters of the monks.

សចច (Sacca) truth; truthfulness. សចចធម (Sacca) the truth; Truth. សចឆកាតពវធម (Sacchikàtabbadhamma)

that which is to be realized, i.e. the Cessation of Suffering or Nibbàna.

សញញមៈ (Saññama, Saçyama) restraint; self-control; abstinence.

សញាញ (Saññà) perception; idea; ideation.

សញាញ បរត (Adhikàrapaååa*) certificate of appointment; credentials; eccl. warrant.

សញាញ បរត (Saññàpaååa*) commission; royal certificate of appointment.

សេញាញ ជនៈ េមល សេយាជនៈ សត (Sati) mindfulness; attentiveness;

detached watching; awareness. សតបបដឋាន (Satipaååhàna) (the four)

Foundations of Mindfulness; setting up of mindfulness.

សតវនយ (Sativinaya) verdict of inno-cence; procedure for the acquittal of an Arahant who has fully-developed mindfulness.

សេតកចាឆ (Satekicchà) adj. curable; amendable; remediable. n. monastic offences which can be corrected through some kinds of punishment, i.e. all offences except the four grave ones called Pàràjika. េរបៀបេធៀប អេតកចាឆ

សតាត វាស (Sattàvàsa) (the nine) spheres inhabited by beings; abodes of beings.

សតាត ហករណយៈ (Sattàhakaraäìya) business to be attended to within seven days; grounds or occasions on which monks are permitted to leave the rains-residence for the limited time of seven days.

សតវ (Satta) a being; living being; creature; person.

សថប (Thùpa) a relic mound; reliquary mound; tope; cairn; monument erected over the ashes of a holy person; stupa.

សទារសេនតាស (Sadàrasantosa) contentment with one’s own wife.

សទទារមមណ (Saddàrammaäa) audible

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object; sound. សទធមម (Saddhamma) the true Dhamma;

true doctrine; doctrine of the good; good law; good principle.

សទធមមបដរបកៈ (Saddhammapaåirùpaka)

false doctrine; pseudo-Dhamma. សទធា (Saddhà) faith; confidence. សទធាចរត (Saddhàcarita) the devout; the

faithful-natured; one of faithful temperament.

សទធាេទយយ (Saddhàdeyya) a gift of faith; a gift offered through faith.

សទធាសមបទា (Saddhàsampadà) achievement of faith.

សទធវហារក (Saddhivihàrika) a co-resident; pupil.

សនតត (Santati) continuity (especially of consciousness); a series of moments.

សនតាន (Santàna) 1. continuity of subli-minal consciousness; the ever mov-ing, flowing panorama of successive mental states. 2. intrinsic or inherent qualities of character; inborn trait; innate character.

សនត (Santi) peace; tranquillity; calmness.

សនតដឋ េមល សេនតាស សេនតាស (Santuååhi, Santosa)

contentment; satisfaction with whatever is one’s own.

សនទនាធម េមល សាកចាឆ សនលកបតមាស (Suvaääapatta) (K.) gold

leaf. សបបាយ (Sappàya) 1. adj. beneficial;

wholesome; suitable; favourable. 2.

favourable condition. សបប (Sappi) េមល ទកេដាះថលា សបបរស (Sappurisa) a good, worthy

man; righteous man; gentleman. សបបរស េមល សបបរស សបបរសធម (Sappurisadhamma) virtue

of the righteous; (the seven) qualities of a good man.

សរពហមចារ (Sabrahmacàrì) a fellow monk; fellow in the holy life; co-celibate.

សពវញញតញាញ ណ (Sabbaññutañàäa) omniscience.

សពវញញ (Sabbaññù) the Omniscient One; an epithet of the Buddha.

សភាវៈ (Sabhàva) nature; condition; state; reality.

សភាវធម (Sabhàvadhamma) principle of nature; natural condition; natural phenomenon.

សមជវតា (Samajìvità) balanced livelihood; regular life; living economically; living within one’s means.

សមណៈ (Samaäa) a recluse; a Buddhist monk.

សមណេទទស (Samaäuddesa) a novice. សមណធម (Samaäadhamma) duties of a

monk; monastic observances. សមណរពាហមណ (Samaäa-bràhmaäa)

recluses and brahmins; ascetics and priests; the recluses and mendicants of non-Vedic or non-Brahmanical systems (such as Buddhism and Jainism) and the brahmins of the

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priestly caste of the Vedic religion. សមណសកត (Samaäasatti*) eccl.

honorific rank; title. សមណសញាញ (Samaäasaññà) awareness

of one’s monkhood; consciousness of proper behaviour of a monk; a monk’s sense of duty.

សមណសារបប (Samaäasàruppa) a monk’s proper behaviour; the mien and deportment appropriate to a monk.

សមថៈ (Samatha) calm; tranquillity; quietude of heart.

សមថកមមដឋាន េមល សមថភាវនា សមថភាវនា (Samathabhàvanà)

concentration development; the method and practice of concentrating the mind; tranquillity development.

សមាទាន (Samàdàna) undertaking; observ-ance; acceptance. v. to undertake; take upon oneself.

សមាធ (Samàdhi) concentration; one-pointedness of mind; mental discipline.

សមានតតតា (Samànattatà) impartiality; sociability; state of equality; even and equal treatment; equality and participation.

សមាបតត (Samàpatti) attainment; meditat-ive attainments.

សមេចឆទវមតត (Samucchedavimutti) deliver-ance by extirpation.

សមដឋាន (Samuååhàna) origination; cause.

សមទយៈ (Samudaya) the Cause of Suffering; the Origin of Suffering.

សេមតច (Upasaægharàja*) Somdech; any of the highest dignitaries in the hierarchy of the Khmer Saægha, second only to the Supreme Patriarch.

សែមតងអាបតត (Àpattidesanà) the confession of an offence. v. to confess an offence.

សមបជញញ (Sampajañña) clear comprehen-sion; discrimination; circumspection; clear consciousness; awareness.

សមបតត (Sampatti) success; attainment; achievement; accomplishment; advantage; fulfilment; happiness; bliss; fortune; wealth; prosperity; perfection; soundness; validity.

សមបទា (Sampadà) achievement; fulfil-ment; accomplishment; attainment; success; happiness.

សមបរាយៈ (Samparàya) a future life; the beyond; the hereafter; spirituality.

សមបរាយកតថ (Samparàyikattha) gain for the hereafter; future benefit; spiritual welfare; sources of happiness in the future life.

សមបរាយកភព (Samparàya) a future existence; next life; future life.

សមផបបលាបៈ (Samphappalàpa) frivolous talk; idle talk; vain talk.

សមផសស េមល ផសស សមពទធ (Sambuddha) one who has been

well enlightened or has thoroughly understood; a Buddha; the Buddha.

សេមាព ធ េមល ឆលង សមភេវស (Sambhavesì) lit. seeking birth

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or existence. 1. a living being at the first stage of life or during the birth-process; a being yet to be born. 2. a being subject to rebirth; worldling. 3. (K.) a spirit seeking (or awaiting) rebirth. េរបៀបេធៀប ភត

សមមត (Sammati; Sammuti) convention; agreement; consent; authorization; appointment; election.

សមមតសងឃ (Sammatisaægha;

Sammutisaægha) Saægha by convention; conventional Saægha; community of ordained monks.

សមមតសចច (Sammatisacca; Sammutisacca) conventional truth.

សមមតសមា (Sìmàsammati) v. to establish the boundary of the Sangha communion area. n. consecration of the Assembly Hall boundary.

សមមបបធាន (Sammappadhàna) (the Four) Great Efforts; Supreme Efforts; Right Efforts.

សមាម កមមនតៈ (Sammàkammanta) Right Action; Right Conduct; Right Behaviour.

សមាម ទដឋ (Sammàdiååhi) Right View; Right Understanding.

សមាម វាចា (Sammàvàcà) Right Speech. សមាម វាយាមៈ (Sammàvàyàma) Right

Effort; Right Endeavour; Right Exertion.

សមាម សងកបប (Sammàsaækappa) Right Thought; Right Mental Attitude; Right Motives; Right Aspiration.

សមាម សត (Sammàsati) Right Mindfulness; Right Attentiveness.

សមាម សមាធ (Sammàsamàdhi) Right Concentration.

សមាម សមពទធ (Sammàsambuddha) the Fully (or Perfectly) Enlightened One.

សមាម អាជវៈ (Sammààjìva) Right Livelihood; Right Living; Right Means of Livelihood; Right Pursuits.

សមមខាវនយ (Sammukhàvinaya) verdict in the presence of (a Sangha, the persons and the matter concerned, and the Doctrine and Discipline).

សេរមច (Pàpuäàti; Sacchikaroti; Abhisa-meti) to attain; realize; reach; achieve; experience for oneself.

សយមភ (Sayambhù) the Self-Existent; an epithet of the Buddha.

សរណៈ (Saraäa) refuge; help; protection; guide; remembrance.

សរណគមន (Saraäagamana, ~äàgamana) taking refuge (in the Triple Gem); going for refuge.

សរភញញ (Sarabhañña) intoning; a particular mode of recitation (allowable to monks).

សរេសរ , េសចកត (Pasaçsà) praise; commen-dation.

សររៈ (Sarìra) the (physical) body. សលាកភតត (Salàkabhatta) food to be

distributed by tickets; ticket-food. សសសតទដឋ (Sassatadiååhi) eternalism; the

doctrine of the continuance of the soul after death; the doctrine that soul and the world are eternal.

សហធមមក (Sahadhammika) co-religionists; fellow Dhamma-farer.

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សឡាយតនៈ (Saøàyatana) the six senses; sense-bases; sense-organs; sense-spheres.

សឧបាទេសសនពាវ ន (Saupàdisesa-nibbàna) Nibbàna realized with the body remaining; Nibbàna with the substratum of life remaining.

សាកចាឆ (Sàkacchà) conversation; discussion.

សាជវៈ (Sàjìva) the code of discipline; all the disciplinary rules abiding on the life of the monk.

សាេថយយ , សាេតយយ (Sàåheyya) hypocrisy; craft; treachery.

សាមគគ (Sàmaggì) concord; unity; harmony; unanimity; union.

សាមញញលកខណៈ (Sàmaññalakkhaäa) the Common Characteristics (of compo-nent things), viz., impermanence, state of conflict and not-self.

សាមេណរ (Sàmaäera) a novice; one who is ordained by taking the Three Refuges and observes the Ten Precepts.

សាមេណរ (Sàmaäerì) a female novice; female apprentice of a nun.

សាមចកមម (Sàmìcikamma) proper act of respect; opportune gestures of respect.

សាយ (Saækharoti; Abhisaækharoti) to think under the influence of some passion or motive; proliferate.

សារមភ (Sàrambha) contention; vying; presumption.

សារាណយធម (Sàràäìyadhamma) states of conciliation; virtues for fraternal

living. សាររកធាត េមល ធាត សាលា (Sàlà) hall; pavilion; wayside

shelter; study and merit-making hall; public building; preaching hall; multipurpose hall.

សាលាសរតមនត (Sajjhàyanasàlà*) chanting hall; hall for daily meeting and chanting.

សាវក (Sàvaka) a disciple; hearer; follower.

សាសនសមបតត (Sàsanasampatti*) ecclesia-stical property; temporalities.

សាសនា១ (Sàsana) teaching; message;

doctrine; the Dispensation. សាសនា២

(Samaya, Diååhi, Pàsaäða) a religion.

សាសនាចារយ (Sàsanàcariya) a religious teacher; moral instructor; mission-ary. េរបៀបេធៀប អនសាសនាចារយ

សាសនក (Sàsanika) an adherent; follower.

សាសាត (Satthu) a teacher; master; (the Six) Teachers; (K.) the founder of a religion.

សាសាត , រពះបរម (Satthu) the Master; the Great Master; the Teacher.

សាសាត ពយាករណ (Anàgatavattu*) a prophet.

សកខមានា (Sikkhamànà) a female novice undergoing a probationary course of two years (before receiving the higher ordination).

សកាខ (Sikkhà) learning; study; training; discipline.

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សកាខ បទ (Sikkhàpada) a disciplinary rule; rule of morality; precept; training rule.

សសសវតត (Àràmika, Kappiyakàraka,

Bhikkhu-sissa) monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy; a monk’s pupil.

សមា (Sìmà) a boundary; limit; precinct; consecrated area (established by sanctioned boundaries).

សល (Sìla; Sikkhàpada) 1. morality; moral conduct. 2. a precept; rule of morality; training rule.

សល (Sìla) morality; moral practice; moral conduct; code of morality; Buddhist ethics; a precept; rule of morality.

សលធម (Sìla; Sucarita; Àcàra) morality; morals.

សលពវតបរាមាសៈ (Sìlabbataparàmàsa) adher-ence to mere rules and rituals; clinging to rules and vows; overestimation regarding the efficacy of rules and observances.

សលពវតបាទាន (Sìlabbatupàdàna) clinging to mere rules and rituals; adherence to rites and ceremonies; attachment to the belief in the efficacy of religious ceremonies and rituals.

សលមយៈ (Sìlamaya) (merit) to be gained through, or connected with, morality.

សលវសទធ (Sìlavisuddhi) purity of morality; purification of morality.

សលសមបទា (Sìlasampadà) achievement

of virtue; fulfilment of moral conduct.

សលសាមញញតា (Sìlasàmaññatà) equality in moral conduct; unity in moral or disciplinary practices.

សលសកាខ េមល អធសលសកាខ សលាចារវតត (Sìlàcàravatta*) moral

conduct, manners and duties; moral habits, mien and deportment; the way of behaving and observing one’s duties.

សលានសសត (Silànussati) recollection of morality; reflection on the advan-tages of morality or on one’s own morals.

សហេសយយា (Sìhaseyyà) lying like a lion; lying on the right side.

សក (Uppabbajati, Vibbhamati) v. to leave the Order; leave monkhood; disrobe. េមល លាចាកសកាខ បទ

សង (Seyyaç kappeti) v. (of a monk or novice) to sleep.

សកខវបសសកៈ (Sukkhavipassaka) a dry-visioned Arahant; bare-insight worker.

សខ (Sukha) 1. happiness; ease; joy; comfort; pleasure. 2. physical or bodily happiness or ease.

សគត (Sugata) the Happy One; the Well-Farer; the Buddha.

សគត (Sugati) (the two or twenty-seven) Happy States; blissful states of existence; good bourn.

សចរត (Sucarita) right conduct; good conduct; uprightness.

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សតៈ (Suta) that which is heard or learnt; hearing; learning.

សតមយបញាញ (Sutamayapaññà) understand-ing acquired by learning; wisdom resulting from study.

សតតនបាត (Suttanipàta) “Collected Discou-rses”; “Woven Cadences of Early Buddhists”; name of the fifth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

សតតនតបដក (Suttantapiåaka) “The Basket of Discourses”; The Basket of Sermons”; the second main division of the Pali Canon containing discourses.

សទទ េមល សរទ សទធាវាស (Suddhàvàsa) (the Five) Pure

Abodes (in the Form Sphere) where the Non-Returners are reborn.

សភាសត (Subhàsita) pleasant speech; well-spoken words; a proverb.

សរាេមរយមជជបមាទដឋានា (Suràmerayamajjapa-màdaååhàna)

(taking) intoxicants tending to cloud the mind; intoxi-cants causing carelessness.

សរយគត (Suriyagati*) the system of a solar calendar.

សរត (Sutta; Suttanta) a discourse; dialogue; aphorism.

សរត , រពះ (Sutta; Suttapiåaka) the discourses; the original sermons and dialogues of the Buddha. េមល សតតនតបដក

សរតបាដេមាកខ , ការ (Pàåimokkhuddesa) recit-ation of the Fundamental Precepts of the Buddhist monks. v. to recite or chant the Fundamental

Precepts. េមល បាដេមាកខ . សរតបងសង , ការ [ទេទៅ ] (Àyàcanà)

prayer. v. to pray; chant; say a prayer. សរតរពះអភធមម (Abhidhammabhaäana*)

funeral chanting (of Abhidhamma excerpts); requiem chanting.

សរតមនត , ការ [កនងរពះពទធសាសនា ] (Sajjhàya, Uddesa, Padabhàäa, ~gàyana, ~bhaäana, Parittakaraäa) recitation; chanting (especially of protective verses); rehearsal. v. to recite (the Buddha’s teachings); chant; chant the holy stanzas.

សរទ (Sudda) a person of the lowest caste; the workers; those who contribute the necessary physical labour; a Sudra; servant; menial; workpeople.

សគ (Sagga) a place of happiness; heaven; heavenly abode.

េសកខ , រពះ (Sekha; Sekkha) the learner, i.e. one who is in the course of perfection; one who has reached one of the stages of holiness, except the last, and has yet to undergo a higher training.

េសខយវតត (Sekhiyadhamma; Sekhiyavatta) (the seventy-five) rules for training; rules of good breeding; the code of etiquette.

េសចកតផតរសឡះ េមល វមតត េសនាសនៈ (Senàsana) sleeping and

sitting; bed and seat; dwelling; lodging.

េសយយា (Seyyà) bed; bedding; sleep; rest; lying down; reclining.

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េសាក (Soka) grief; sorrow. េសាតទវារ (Sotadvàra) the ear-door; ear-

avenue. េសាតវញាញ ណ (Sotaviññàäa) ear-

conscious-ness. េសាតាបតតផល (Sotàpattiphala) the

Fruition of Stream-Entry; Fruit of Stream-Entrance.

េសាតាបតតមគគ (Sotàpattimagga) the Path of Stream-Entrance; Path of Stream-Attainment.

េសាតាបនន (Sotàpanna) a Stream-Enterer; Stream-Winner; one who has attained the first stage of holiness.

េសាមនសស (Somanassa) a pleasurable mental feeling; mental pleasure; glad-mindedness; joy; delight.

េសារចច (Soracca) gentleness; meekness; suavity; gentility; refinement; mannerliness; graciousness.

េសាវចចសសតា (Sovacassatà) “state of being easy to speak with”; amenability to correction; obedience; admonish-ability.

េសាឡស (Soøasa) sixteen. សណាកសងឃ (Saæghanivàsa*,

Saæghaniketa*) monastic residence; monks’ lodging.

សពតងតទក (Udakasàåikà) a bathing-cloth.

សពតងតទកេភលៀង (Vassikasàåikà) cloth for the rains; rains-cloth.

សពះ (Vandana, Namassana) v. to salute with joined palms.

សយតតនកាយ (Saçyuttanikàya)

Collection of Connected Discourses; Book of the Kindred Sayings; name of the third main division of the Sutta Piåaka.

សេយាជនៈ (Saçyojana) (the ten) Fetters (that bind man to the round of rebirth).

សវរៈ (Saçvara) 1. to be composed; self-controlled; restrained; decorous; sedate. 2. commingled; mixed (food).

សវរៈ (Saçvara) restraint. សវរបធាន (Saçvarapadhàna) the effort

to prevent the arising of unrisen evils; the effort to avoid unwholesome states.

សវាស (Saçvàsa) communion. សេវគ (Saçvega) sense of urgency. សេវជនយសាថ ន (Saçvejanìyaååhàna) a

place apt to rouse the sense of urgency; (the Four) Holy Places of Buddhism.

សសារ (Saçsàra, Saçsàracakka) lit.

faring on; the Round of Rebirth; the Round of Existence; the Wheel of Rebirth; the Wheel of Life; the Life Process; Rebirth process; the Process of Birth and Death.

សសារវដដ េមល សសារៈ សេសទជៈ (Saçsedaja) moisture-born

creatures. សគរតច (Paäðava) a small drum. េសតចចរក (Cakkavatti) 1. world-king; a

universal monarch, endowed with the seven valuables or treasures. 2. (K.) an emperor.

សបង (Antaravàsaka) inner garment;

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the undergarment of a Buddhist monk, nun or novice; the under robe.

រសងទក (Nhàyati) v. (of a monk or novice) to bathe.

េរសាមបារត (Pattathavikà) the bag with a sling, used for carrying an alms-bowl

in; bowl-case; bowl-bag. សាវ ធយាយ , េមល សរតមនត

[កនងរពះពទធសាសនា ].

ហហតថបាស (Hatthapàsa) the distance within a hand’s reach.

ហទយវតថ (Hadayavatthu) heart-base; mind-base; the heart; the physical base of mental life.

ហសតបបាទចតត (Hasituppàdacitta) smile-producing consciousness.

ហរ (Hiri) moral shame. ហនយាន (Hìnayàna) the Lesser

Vehicle; the Smaller Vehicle; the Southern School of Buddhism;

Theravàda. េហត (Hetu) a cause; causal condition;

root-cause. េហាជាង (Gahasikhara) gable; pediment. េហារៃរតយ (Tipiåakàlaya*;

Potthakàgàra*; Ganthàlaya*) monastery library; Scripture Library; library of sacred writings.

ហសបាត (Haçsapàda) crimson.

អអកតញញ (Akataññù) ungrateful.

អករណកចច (Akaraäìyakicca) deed which should not be done; improper action; unbefitting action.

អកាលមរណៈ (Akàlamaraäa) untimely death.

អករយទដឋ , ~វាទ (Akiriyadiååhi) lit. the theory of nonaction; the theory that there is no after-effect of action; view of the inefficacy of action.

អកសល (Akusala) adj. unwholesome; demeritorious; immoral; kammically unwholesome; unskilful. n. demerit; bad action.

អកសលកមម (Akusalakamma) an evil action; unwholesome action.

អកសលកមមបថ (Akusalakammapatha) (the tenfold) way of bad action; unwholesome course of action.

អកសលចតត (Akusalacitta) demeritorious thought; immoral consciousness.

អកសលមល (Akusalamùla) (the three) roots of evil; the roots of bad actions; kammically unwholesome roots; demeritorious roots.

អកសលវតកក (Akusalavitakka) unwhole-some thought.

អេកាក ធៈ (Akkodha) non-anger; freedom

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from hatred. អគត (Agati) wrong way of behaviour;

prejudice; bias. អេគាចរ (Agocara) wrong pasture;

wrong resort; non-resorts for alms; improper haunts; evil haunts.

អគគសាវក (Aggasàvaka) the most distinguished disciples; (the two) Chief Disciples, i.e. Sàriputta and Mahàmoggallàna.

អងគ (Aæga) factor; constituent. អងគារ (Aægàra) 1. charcoal; ashes. 2.

ash; the ashes, especially of the Buddha.

អងគាស (Parivisana) v. to serve with food; wait upon at a meal.

អងគតតរនកាយ (Aæguttaranikàya) the collection of discourses arranged in accordance with number; Adding-One Collection; Collection of Numerical Sayings; the Book of the Gradual Sayings; name of the fourth main division of the Sutta Piåaka.

អងគយសមាធ (Pallaækaç àbhujati) to sit (flat on the haunches) cross-legged.

អងសក (Açsa) 1. a part; side. 2.

shoulder. 3. (K.) shoulder piece; chest cloth; the sleeveless one-shouldered singlet of a monk.

អចេនតយយ (Acinteyya) the (four) unthink-ables.

អចឆរយៈ (Acchariya) adj. wonderful; marvellous; astonishing; exceptional; extraordinary; (K.) genius.

អញជល េមល របណមយ អដឋកថា (Aååhakathà) a commentary.

អណឌ ជៈ (Aäðaja) egg-born creatures; the oviparous.

អតថពល (Atithibali) offering to guests; reception.

អតមានះ (Atimàna) pride; arrogance; contempt; disdain; scorn.

អតេរកចវរ (Atirekacìvara) an extra robe. អតេរកចវរ (Atirekacìvara) extra robe. អតេរកលាភ (Atirekalàbha) extra acqui-

sitions. អេតកចាឆ (Atekicchà) adj. incurable;

unamendable; irremediable. n. the four major offences, called Pàràjika, which entail expulsion from the Order. េរបៀបេធៀប សេតកចាឆ

អតតកលមថានេយាគ (Attakilamathànuyoga) Self-Mortification; the constant attachment to Self-Mortification.

អតតញញតា (Attaññutà) the quality of one who knows oneself; knowing oneself.

អតតភាព (Attabhàva) personality; indivi-duality.

អតតវាទបាទាន (Attavàdupàdàna) attachment to the self- (or soul-) theory; the belief in a persistent self or soul; clinging to the Ego-belief.

អតតសមាម បណធ (Attasammàpaäidhi) setting oneself in the right course; aspiring and directing oneself in the right way; perfect self-adjustment; thorough pursuit or development of one’s personality.

អតាត (Attà) 1. self; soul; ego; personal entity. 2. mind; the whole personality.

អតាត ធបេតយយ (Attàdhipateyya) self-

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depen-dence; self-reliance; supremacy of self; dominant influence by oneself (or by self-regard).

អតថ (Attha) 1. meaning; the spirit; the correct sense; essence. 2. benefit; advantage; gain; welfare; the good. 3. goal; purpose.

អតថចរយា (Atthacariyà) benefaction; useful conduct or behaviour; doing a favour; life of service; doing good.

អតថញញតា (Atthaññutà) the quality of one who knows what is useful or who knows the correct meaning of something; knowledge of the meaning; knowing the purpose; knowing the consequence.

អតថបដសមភទា (Atthapaåisambhidà) know-ledge of the meaning (of words); the Discrimination of the Meaning; analytic insight of consequence.

អទននាទាន (Adinnàdàna) taking what is not given; stealing.

អទកខមសខ (Adukkhamasukha) neither pain nor happiness; indifferent feeling. adj. neither painful nor pleasurable.

អេទាសៈ (Adosa) non-hatred; non-anger; amity; hatelessness.

អធម (Adhamma) misconduct; unright-eousness; injustice; false doctrine. adj. unjust; unrighteous.

អធកមាស (Adhikamàsa) intercalary month; (a year with) an extra eighth lunar month.

អធករណ (Adhikaraäa) a case; question;

affair; lawsuit; dispute; disciplinary case of dispute; legal process; legal question.

អធករណសមថៈ (Adhikaraäasamatha) settling of a case, a question, a dispute or a lawsuit; transaction; settlement of legal processes.

អធកវារៈ (Adhikavàra) intercalary lunar day; (a year with) an extra day (15th of the seventh waning moon).

អធកសរទនៈ (Adhikasuradina*) (K.)

intercalary solar day; (a year with) an extra day (29 February).

អធចតតសកាខ (Adhicittasikkhà) training in higher mentality; mental discipline.

អធដឋាន (Adhiååhàna) resolve; decision; resolution; determination. v. to determine (a robe or a bowl) for regular personal use.

អធបញាញ សកាខ (Adhipaññàsikkhà) training in higher wisdom.

អធបេតយយ (Adhipateyya) 1. supremacy. 2. (K.) sovereignty.

អធេមាកខ (Adhimokkha) determination; resolution; conviction.

អធសលសកាខ (Adhisìlasikkhà) training in higher morality.

អនតតតា (Anattatà) soullessness; egoless-ness.

អនតាត (Anattà) adj. no-soul; soulless; not-self. n. non-self; non-ego.

អនភជឈា (Anabhijjhà) non-covetousness; nonavarice.

អនាគាមផល (Anàgàmiphala) the Fruit of Never-Returning; the Result of the Non-Returner.

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អនាគាមមគគ (Anàgàmimagga) the Path of Never-Returning; the Path of the Non-Returner.

អនាគាម , រពះ (Anàgàmì) a Never-Returner; Non-Returner; one who has attained the third stage of holiness.

អនាគារក (Anàgàrika) lit. a homeless one; one who enters the homeless life without formally entering the Saægha.

អនចច (Anicca) adj. impermanent; transient.

អនចចតា (Aniccatà) impermanence; transiency.

អនដឋារមមណ (Aniååhàrammaäa) unpleasant or unagreeable object.

អនយតៈ (Aniyata) Indefinite Rules; undetermined offence.

អនគណ (Nigamasaæghàdhipati*) the Ecclesiastical District Officer.

អនចរ (Anucara) follower; attendant; companion; accompanier; retainer; retinue; entourage.

អនដកា (Anuåìkà) a sub-subcommentary.

អនបញញតត (Anupaññatti) auxiliary regula-tion; supplementary rule; additional rule.

អនបសមបនន (Anupasampanna) one who has not yet received the full ordination; novices and the laity; unordained one.

អនបាទននក (Anupàdinnaka) adj. not grasped by craving or false view; kammically ungrasped.

អនបាទេសសនពាវ ន (Anupàdisesa-nibbàna) Nibbàna without any remainder of physical existence; Nibbàna without the Five Aggregates remaining.

អនពយញជនៈ (Anubyañjana) subsidiary characteristics.

អនពវកថា (Anupubbikathà) a gradual instruction; graduated sermon; regulated exposition of the ever more valued and sublime subjects.

អនេមាទនា (Anumodanà) 1. thanks-giving; chanting the holy stanzas of blessings. 2. rejoice; approval; appreciation; congratulation.

អនរកខនាបធាន (Anurakkhanàpadhàna) the effort to maintain or augment arisen good.

អនេលាម (Anuloma) conforming; in proper order; in forward order.

អនវាទាធករណ (Anuvàdàdhikaraäa) legal questions concerning accusations.

អនសយ (Anusaya) latent dispositions; underlying tendencies; (the seven) Evil Inclinations or Biases.

អនសាវនា (Anusàvanà) announcement; proclamation.

អនសាវនាចារយ (Anusàvanàcariya) ordina-tion  proclaiming teacher; (Second) Ordination-Teacher.

អនសាសន (Anusàsana) advice; instruction.

អនសាសនាចារយ (Anusàsanàcariya) a chaplain; minister; religious or moral instructor.

អនសាសនបាដហារយ (Anusàsanìpàåihàriya) the miracle of teaching; the wonder

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worked by the instruction (of the Dhamma).

អនសសត (Anussati) constant mindfulness; (the ten) Reflections; recollection.

អេនសនា (Anesanà) wrong way of earning one’s living; improper search; improper livelihood.

អនតគាហកទដឋ (Antagàhikadiååhi) (the ten) views taking extreme sides; the view of the extremist; extremist view.

អនតរវាសកៈ (Antaravàsaka) េមល សបង អនតា (Antà) extremes (the two

extremes). អនតមវតថ (Antimavatthu) an extreme

offence; ultimate or worst trans-gression; Defeat; Pàràjika offence.

អេនតវាសក (Antevàsika) lit. one who lives in; a monk who lives under his teacher; a pupil; apprentice.

អបចាយនៈ (Apacàyana) reverence; humility.

អបចាយនមយៈ (Apacàyanamaya) (merit) to be gained through being humble or respectful.

អបទាន (Apadàna) “Lives of Arahants”; name of the thirteenth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

អបរាបរយេវទនយកមម (Aparàpariyavedanìya-kamma)

indefinitely effective kamma. អបេលាកនៈ (Apalokana) v. to look

towards for approval; consult; obtain an approval by consultation.

អបេលាកនកមម (Apalokanakamma) the act of obtaining consent or

permission by consultation. អបាយ (Apàya) state of loss and woe;

unhappy existence; sorrowful ways. អបាយភម (Apàyabhùmi) (the four)

planes of loss and woe; (the four) states of misery; (the four) lower worlds; unhappy existence.

អបាយមខ (Apàyamukha) cause of ruin; ways of squandering wealth; ruinous ways of life; vicious ways of conduct.

អបបនាសមាធ (Appanàsamàdhi) fixed concentration; established concentra-tion; full concentration; attainment-concentration; absorption concentration.

អបបមញាញ (Appamaññà) the Unbounded States; the Illimitables.

អបបមាទ (Appamàda) non-negligence; heedfulness; zeal; diligence; earnest-ness; carefulness.

អបបចឆតា (Appicchatà) paucity of wishes; frugality; desiring little; simplicity.

អពមងគល (Avamaægala) bad luck; ill omen; adj. unlucky; unauspicious; (K.) funeral.

អពយាកតៈ (Abyàkata; Avyàkata) adj.

indeterminate; neutral; unexplained. អពយាបាទ (Abyàpàda) non-hatred;

absence of ill-will; loving-kindness. អេពាវ ហារក (Abbohàrika) insignificant;

negligible; ineffective. អភជឈា (Abhijjhà) covetousness. អភញាញ (Abhiññà) (five or six kinds of)

Higher Knowledge; Superknowledges; Supernormal Powers; higher psychic

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powers. អភធមម (Abhidhamma) the Higher

Doctrine; Further Dhamma; the analytic doctrine of the Buddhist Canon.

អភធមមបដក (Abhidhammapiåaka) the Abhidhamma Piåaka; the Basket of the Higher Doctrine.

អភេនរសកមណ េមល មហាភេនរសកមណ អភបាលកចចសងឍ

(Gàmasamùhasaæghàdhi-pati*) the Ecclesiastical Commune Chief; Eccl. Sub-District Head.

អភសមយ (Abhisamaya) attainment; realization; penetration.

អភសមាចារ (Abhisamàcàra) higher training in proper conduct; higher practice of the training; rules about decent conduct; specialized or minor precepts.

អភសេមាព ធ (Abhisambodhi) the supreme enlightenment.

អមតៈ (Amata) the deathless state; ambrosia; Nibbàna; immortal.

អមឡហវនយ (Amùøhavinaya) verdict of past insanity.

អេមាហៈ (Amoha) non-delusion; wisdom; knowledge; undeludedness.

អេយានេសាមនសការ (Ayonisomanasikàra) disorderly or distracted attention; unsystematic attention; improper or unwise consideration; lack of analytic reflection.

អរញញវាស (Araññavàsì) one who dwells in the forest; forest-dwelling monk; the forest order.

អរហតតផល (Arahattaphala) the Fruit of the Worthy One; the final stage of holiness; final freedom.

អរហតតមគគ (Arahattamagga) the Path of the Worthy One; the Path of Arahatship.

អរហនត , រពះ (Arahanta) an Arahant; Arahat; worthy one; the Holy One; perfected one; one who has attained Nibbàna.

អរហនតឃាត (Arahantaghàta) the murder of an Arahant.

អរយរទពយ (Ariyadhana) the sublime treasure; noble treasure; noble wealth.

អរយបគគល (Ariyapuggala) a noble individual; noble one; holy person.

អរយផល (Ariyaphala) the (four) Noble Fruits; Fruits of the Holy Life.

អរយមគគ (Ariyamagga) 1. the (four) Noble Paths; Sublime Paths of the Holy Life. 2. the Noble (Eightfold) Path.

អរយសចច (Ariyasacca) the Noble Truth; (Cattàri Ariyasaccàni) the Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy Truths.

អរបជឈាន (Arùpajhàna) the (four) Absorptions of the Formless Sphere.

អរបភព េមល អរបេលាក អរបរាគៈ (Arùparàga) desire for life in

the formless worlds; greed for the formless; greed for immaterial existence; attachment to formless realms.

អរបេលាក (Arùpaloka) the formless world; the world of the formless; the

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Formless Realms; the Immaterial Sphere.

អរបាវចរ (Arùpàvacara) adj. belonging to the Formless Plane.

អរបាវចរភម (Arùpàvacarabhùmi) the Formless Plane; Formless Sphere; Immaterial Sphere.

អលជជ (Alajjì) shameless monk; immoral monk.

អេលាភៈ (Alobha) non-greed; greedless-ness; liberality; generosity.

អវជជា (Avijjà) ignorance; nescience; lack of knowledge; delusion.

អវេរាធនៈ (Avirodhana) non-obstruction; non-opposition; non-violation; non-deviation from the Dhamma.

អវហារ (Avahàra) action of stealing. អវហងសា េមល អហងសា អវច (Avìci) the Avìci Hell; the lowest

hell. អសងខតធម (Asaækhatadhamma) that

which is not conditioned by any cause; the Unconditioned; Nibbàna.

អសេងខយយ (Asaækheyya) incalculable. អសទសទាន (Asadisadàna) Unparalleled

Gift; incomparable alms-giving. អសភ (Asubha) 1. ugly; loathsome. n.

loathsomeness; impurity. 2. a corpse. អសរកាយ (Asurakàya) the plane of

Asura demons; demons. អេសកខ (Asekha) one who does not

require any further training; an Arahant; the adept.

អសសាទៈ (Assàda) enjoyment; attraction; satisfaction; gratification; advantage.

អសសាសៈ (Assàsa) in-breathing; inhalation.

អហងការ (Ahaçkàra) lit. the making of the utterance “I”; egoity; egotism; ego-consciousness; the concept of ‘I’; ‘I’-making; (K.) arrogance; haughti-ness. េរបៀបេធៀប មមងការ

អហងសា , អវហងសា (Ahiçsà, Avihiçsà) non-violence; non-harming; inoffensive-ness; noninjury.

អេហតកទដឋ , ~វាទ (Ahetukadiååhi) lit.

the theory of causelessness; the theory that there is no cause of a phenomenon; doctrine of non-causality.

អេហាសកមម (Ahosikamma) defunct kamma; an act or thought which has no longer any potential force.

អាកាស [ធាត ] (Àkàsa) space. អាកាសានញាច យតនៈ (Àkàsànañcàyatana)

the Sphere of Unbounded Space; the Realm of Infinity of Space.

អាកញចញាញ យតនៈ (Àkiñcaññàyatana) the Sphere (or Realm) of Nothingness.

អាគនតកៈ (Àgantuka) a guest; new-comer; stranger.

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អាឃាត (Àghàta) malice; hatred; revenge-fulness.

អាចារៈ (Àcàra) conduct; behaviour. អាចារយ (Àcariya) a teacher; regular

instructor. អាចណណ កមម (Àciääakamma) habitual

kamma; habitual act. អាជវក (Àjìvaka) a kind of non-

Buddhist ascetics, mostly naked. អាជវបារសទធសល (Àjìvapàrisuddhisìla)

discipline as regards purity of livelihood; Purity of Conduct connected with Livelihood.

អាជជវៈ (À jjava) honesty; integrity. អាតមន (Attà; Sanskrit: Àtman) the self;

soul. អាទកមមកៈ (Àdikammika) 1. name of the

first main division of the Vinaya Piåaka. 2. the beginner; the first transgressor; the first doer.

អាទរពហមចរយៈ (Àdibrahmacariya)

rudiments of the training in the Holy Life; fundamentals of the Sublime Life; fundamental or major precepts.

អាទនវៈ (Àdìnava) disadvantage; peril; defect; danger.

អាេទសនាបាដហារយ (Àdesanàpàåihàriya) marvellous ability of mind-reading or guessing other people’s character; marvel of thoughtreading.

អានាបានសសត (Ànàpànasati) mindfulness on breathing; mindfulness regarding breathing.

អានសងស (Ànisaçsa) profit; merit; good result; advantage.

អាបតាត ធករណ (Àpattàdhikaraäa) legal questions concerning offences; legal processes concerning committed offences, the awarding of them and the atonement for them.

អាបតត (Àpatti) an ecclesiastical offence; offence.

អាេបាធាត (Àpodhàtu) lit. the liquid element; water; cohesion; the element of cohesion.

អាមស (Àmisa) food; flesh; materiality; material things. adj. material; physical; carnal.

អាមសទាន (Àmisadàna) donation of requisites (i.e. food, lodging, etc.); material gifts.

អាយតនៈ (Àyatana) the Twelve Spheres; the Twelve Bases; bases. ខាងកនង : sense-organs; the (six) senses; sense-bases; sense-fields. ខាងេរកៅ : sense-objects and mind-object.

អាយ (Àyu) 1. age; life-span. 2.

longevity; long life. អាយសងខារ (Àyusaækhàra) constituents

of life; vital principle. េមល ដាកអាយសងខារ

អារកខសមបទា (Àrakkhasampadà) the

achieve-ment of protection; to be endowed with wariness or watchfulness.

អារមមណ (Àrammaäa) sense-objects; an object of consciousness.

អារាមកៈ (Àràmika) monastery-attendant.

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អាសនៈសងឃ (Saæghàsana*) monks’ seat; dais or raised platform for monks.

អាសននកកមម (Àsannakamma) death-proximate kamma; a kamma done immediately before death; proximate kamma.

អាសវៈ (Àsàva) mental intoxication or defilement; worldly influxes; accumulation; outflows; corruption; canker; taint; pollution.

អាសវកខយញាញ ណ (Àsavakkhayañàäa) the knowledge of the cessation of mental intoxication; knowledge of the destruction of cankers; knowledge that the outflows are extinct.

អាសាឡហបជា (Àsàøhapùjà) worship on the full-moon day of the Àsàøha month (the eighth lunar month) in commemoration of the First Sermon and the foundation of the Buddhist order.

អាហារ (Àhàra) food; nutriment. អនកេទសនា េមល ធមមកថក អនកបស១ (Pabbajita) a religious; priest;

monk. អនកបស២ (Yati, Vatavantu) one who

takes up a religious practice or observes a religious vow; ascetic; recluse; hermit.

អនករបកបេដាយធម (Dhammika*) one learned in the Doctrine; Doctrine-knower; one who has passed the examination of any of the three grades of Dhamma-study; eccl. graduate of Dhamma studies; Dhamma graduate; Dhamma scholar.

អនកសរត (Dhammagàyaka*) a chanter.

ឥឥចាឆ (Icchà) 1. desire. 2. (K.) េមល ឥសសា

ឥតវតតក (Itivuttaka) “Thus said” Discour-ses; name of the fourth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ឥទធ (Iddhi) success; supernormal power; psychic power; magical power.

ឥទធបាដហារយ (Iddhipàåihàriya) a wonder of psychic power; marvel; miracle.

ឥទធបាទ (Iddhipàda) the Four Paths of Accomplishment; Means of Accom-plishment; the means of accomplish-ing one’s own end or purpose; the

four Roads to Power; basis for success.

ឥទធវធ (Iddhividhi) psychic powers; different psychic powers; various magical powers.

ឥរនទយសវរសល (Indriyasaçvarasìla) discipline as regards sense-restraint; Sense-Restraint; purity of conduct consisting in the restraint of the senses.

ឥរនទយ (Indriya) 1. the sense-faculties; the sense-forces. 2. spiritual faculties; faculties.

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ឥរយាបថ (Iriyàpatha) deportment; posture.

ឥស (Isi) an ascetic; sage; seer.

ឥសសា (Issà) envy; jealousy.

ឧឧេកខបនយកមម (Ukkhepanìyakamma) the formal act of suspension; ostracism.

ឧគគហនមតត (Uggahanimitta) mental image; learning sign; sign to be grasped.

ឧេចឆទទដឋ (Ucchedadiååhi) annihilationism; the doctrine of the annihilation (of the soul); belief in the annihilation of the soul.

ឧដឋានសមបទា (Uååhànasampadà) the achievement of persistent effort.

ឧតនយាម (Utuniyàma) physical inorganic order; physical laws.

ឧតតរាសងគៈ (Uttaràsaæga) the upper robe. ឧតតរមនសសធមម (Uttarimanussadhamma)

superhuman state; extraordinary attainment.

ឧទាន (Udàna) an utterance; a paean; “Paeans of Joy”; the Solemn Utterances of the Buddha; name of the third division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

ឧទទសកសល , ការ (Pattidàna,

Dakkhiäàdisana) dedication or transference of merit; radiation of merit.

ឧេទទសកេចតយ (Uddesikacetiya) shrine by dedication; memorial object of worship referring to the Buddha, i.e.

a Buddha image. ឧទធចច (Uddhacca) restlessness; unrest;

distraction; flurry. ឧទធចចកកកចច (Uddhaccakukkucca) restless-

ness and worry; flurry and worry; restlessness and anxiety.

ឧបកកេលស (Upakkilesa) impurity; defile-ment.

ឧបឃាតកកមម (Upaghàtakakamma) destruc-tive kamma.

ឧបចារ (Upacàra) neighbourhood; surround-ing area.

ឧបចារសមាធ (Upacàrasamàdhi) proximate concentration; approaching concentra-tion; neighbourhood-concentration; access-concentration.

ឧបជឈាយ (Upajjhàya) a spiritual teacher; preceptor.

ឧបដឋាក (Upaååhàka) attendant; lay sup-porter.

ឧបតថមភកកមម (Upatthambhakakamma) supportive kamma.

ឧបនាហៈ (Upanàha) ill-will; grudge; enmity.

ឧបបជជេវទនយកមម (Upapajjavedanìyakam-ma) subsequently effective kamma; kamma ripening in the next life.

ឧបបឡកកមម (Upapìøakakamma) obstruc-tive kamma; counteractive kamma.

ឧបមា (Upamà) simile; parable.

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ឧបសមបទា (Upasampadà) full (or higher) ordination; taking up the Bhikkhu-ship; Full Admission to the Saægha; Ordination Ceremony. v. to be ordained; enter the monkhood; join the Order.

ឧបសមបនន (Upasampanna) the ordained; a Bhikkhu or Bhikkhunì.

ឧបាទាន (Upàdàna) attachment; clinging; grasping.

ឧបាទានកខនធ (Upàdànakkhandha) aggregate (as object) of clinging.

ឧបាទាយរប (Upàdàyarùpa) the Derivatives; derivative or secondary material properties dependent on the Four Great Essentials; material qualities derived from the Four Great Essentials; derivative matter.

ឧបាទននកៈ (Upàdinnaka) lit. grasped by craving and false view; kammically acquired; kammically grasped.

ឧបាយ (Upàya) means; method; resource; expedient.

ឧបាយាស (Upàyàsa) despair. ឧបាសក (Upàsaka) lit. one who comes or

sits near; a lay devotee; a devout or

faithful layman; lay Buddhist. ឧបាសកា (Upàsikà) a female devotee; a

female lay follower. ឧេបកាខ (Upekkhà) 1. equanimity; even-

mindedness; neutrality; poise. 2. indifference; neutral feeling; neither pleasurable nor painful feeling.

ឧេបាសថ (Uposatha) 1. observance; the observance of the Eight Precepts. 2. biweekly recitation of the Vinaya rules by a chapter of Buddhist monks; the days for special meetings of the order, and for recitation of the Pàåimokkha. 3. the Uposatha hall; consecrated assembly hall.

ឧេបាសថសល (Uposathasìla) the Eight Precepts observed by lay devotees on Uposatha days.

ឧបបាទៈ (Uppàda) arising; genesis. ឧេពវគាបត (Ubbegàpìti; Ubbeægàpìti)

uplifting joy; thrilling emotion.

ឫឫទធ េមល ឥទធ ឫសយា េមល ឥសសា

ឯឯកគគតា (Ekaggatà) one-pointedness (of mind); mental one-pointedness; concentration.

ឯតទគគ (Etadagga) foremost; first or best of that class or type.

67

ឱឱកកនតកាបត (Okkantikàpìti) oscillating interest; showering joy.

ឱជា (Ojà) nutritive essence; nutriment. ឱតតបប (Ottappa) moral fear; moral

dread. ឱបបាតកៈ (Opapàtika) creatures having

spontaneous births.

ឱវាទ (Ovàda) admonition; exhortation; advice.

ឱវាទបាដេមាកខ (Ovàdapàåimokkha) the Principal Teaching; the Fundamental Teaching; exhortatory Pàåimokkha.

ភាគ ៣

វចនន កមពទធ សន អងេគលស - ែខមរ

Part III

English - Khmer Buddhist Dictionary

1

A

abandoning; abandonment bhan³,

caK³, ¬karlHbg;, kare)Hbg;¦

abiding vihar ¬Fm’¦

abode PB, esnasn³, Galy³,

vihar

absolute sense brmtß

absolute truth brmtßsc©

absorption Qan, Gb/na

abstention evrmNI. v. to abstain.

abstinence virti

access concentration «bcarsmaFi

accessory brivar, brivar ¬rbs;rbr¦

accompanied by shKt³

accomplishment, basis of \T§i)T

achievement sm/Ta

acquisition laP

act kmμ

act, formal sgÇkmμ

action kmμ, kmμnþ

adaptability kmμØta

adept Geskç adherence to habits and practices

sIlBVtbramas³

adherent sasnik

adjustment Tm³

admonition »vaT

adultery kaemsumicäacar

advantage GanisgÇ

adverting GavC¢³

advice »vaT

aeon kb/, kl/

affliction BüaFi

age v½y

ageing Cra

aggregate xn§

agility lhuta

agitation «T§c©

agreeable \dæ ¬tamR)fña¦

2

agreement smμti ¬karyl;RBmrYmKña

dak;tYnaTIEtgtaMg¦

aim Gtß

allowable adj. kb/iy³

alms, alms food Pikça, Tan, Tanvtßú,

biNÐ)t

alms-bowl )Rt

alms-gathering biNÐ)t, karedIr

biNÐ)t

alms resort eKacr ¬TIedIreTA biNÐ-

)t, TIrkGahar¦

almsround karedIrbiNÐ)t

alteration vibriNam

analysis viPgÁ, vinieBÖaK

analytic insight bdismÖiTa

anger ekaF³, esckþIeRkaF

annihilationism «ecäTvaT, «ecäTTidæi

anxiety «T§c©kukáúc©

appreciation Cvn³

arahant; Arahant RBHGrhnþ

Arahatship Grhtþ, Grhtþpl

ardour tb³, Gatb³, esckþIBüa-

yamdutkMedAkiels

arising «b/aT, «b/tþi

ariyan Griy³

arrogance GtimanH

ascetic \sI, tabs, Gñk«TÞis,

GñkbYs

ascetic practices tb³, FutgÁ

aspect Gakar³

assembly sPa, bris½T ¬=brisa -

TIRbCuMCn¦

associated with sm/yutþ

association sm/eyaK, esvna

assuming «)Tan

attachment «)Tan

attainment GPism½y ¬karseRmc¦,

smabtþi

attainment concentration Gb/na-

smaFi

3

attendance «bdæan ¬karTMnukbRmug,

karbeRmI, karBüa)l¦

attendant «bdæak

attention mnsikar

attentiveness karmansti

audible object sTÞarmμN_, sTÞ

austere practices FutgÁ

austerities tb³

authority GaCJa, \sSriy³

avarice mcäriy³

aversion bdiX³, Garti

avoidance virti, sMvr

Awakened One, the RBHBuT§

Awakening GPisem<aFi

awareness sm/CØ

B

bad )b. emIl evil.

bad company )bshayta ¬esckþI

manmitþGaRkk;¦ balanced life; balanced livelihood

smCIvita

banishment bBVaCnIykmμ

basis of mindfulness stib/dæan

basis for success \T§i)T

becoming PB, Pv³

being stV

belief in a Soul of Self skáayTidæi

benefaction Tan, Gtßcriya

benefactor Tayk

benefit GanisgS, Gtß

benevolence Gtßcriya

besotting drink mC¢

birth Cati

birth story Catk

blameless action GnvC¢kmμ ¬kmμmin

maneTas, kareFVIR)scakeTasmin

manxesAhμg EtmanRbeyaCn_¦

4

Blessed One, the PKva ¬RBHd¾man

RBHPaK¦

blessing Br, mgÁl, GnuemaTna,

GanisgS

bliss sux

Bodhisatta, Bodhisattva RBHeBaFi-

stV

bodily, adj. kayik ¬pøÚvkay¦

bodily action kaykmμ

bodily avenue kayTVar bodily formation; bodily functions

kaysgçar

bodily good conduct kaysucrit

bodily happiness kayiksux

bodily misconduct kayTuc©rit

bodily pain kayikTukç

body kay

bond eyaK³

boon Br

border district bc©nþCnbT

boundary sIma

bourn Kti

bowl emIl alms-bowl.

Brahma-farer RBhμcarI

Brahma-faring RBhμcriy³

Brahmin, brahman RBahμN_

breathing in GsSas³ ¬kardkdegðIm

cUl¦ (=in-breathing.)

breathing out bsSas³ ¬kardkdegðIm

ecj¦ (=out-breathing.)

Buddha, the RBHBuT§

Buddhism RBHBuT§sasna

Buddhist BuT§sasnik

buoyancy lhuta ¬karRbRBwtþieTA

y:agqab;rh½sniggayRsYl¦

burden Fur³, Par³

5

C

calm smf³

Calmed One, the RBHmunI

canker Gasv³

canon bidk, Km<Ir

carelessness bmaT³, esckþIRbmaT

carnalities Gamis

caste vNѳ

category xn§

casual occasion zan

cause ehtu

Cause of Suffering TukçsmuTy³,

smuT½y

cemetery TIsμsan

cessation nieraF

Cessation of Suffering TukçnieraF,

nieraF

change vibriNam

change-of-lineage eKaRtPU

chanting karsURFmnþ v. to chant.

chapter of monks KN³ ¬kñúgvin½y¦

character crit

characteristic lkçN³

charity Tan, caK³

clairaudience TiBVesat

clairvoyance TiBVckçú

clan eKaRt, RtkUl

clansman kulbuRt

classification sgÁh³

clear comprehension sm/CØ

clinging «)Tan

coefficients emIl mental coeffi-cients.

cognizance citþ

cognizable object Fmμarm μN_

cohesion, the element of Gae)Fatu

Collection nikay ¬énKm<Ir¦

comfort pasuk

commentary Gdækfa

6

common characteristics samØ-

lkçN³

community sgÇ

companion shay

compassion kruNa, Gnukm/a. adj. compassionate.

compounded things sgçar,

sgçtFm’

comprehension sm/CØ, briØa

conceit manH

concentration smaFi

concentration development smaFi

Pavna, smfPavna

concept bØtþi

conception bdisn§i

concord samKÁI

condition bc©½y

conditioned genesis bdic©smub/aT

conditioned things sgçar, sgçtFm’

conduct Gacar³, criya, crN³,

smacar

confession ¬Gabtþi¦ eTsna ¬kar

sEmþgGabtþi¦ v. to confess.

confidence sT§a, bsaT³

conformity Gnuelam

conquest C½y, viC½y

conquest by piety FmμviC½y

conscience hiri

conscientious, adj. lC¢I, manhiri-

»tþb/

consciousness viØaN

consequence vi)k

consideration mnsikar

constituent GgÁ

contact psS

contemplation GnubsSna, GnusSti

contemplation of the body kayanu-

bsSna

7

contemplation of the feelings evTna-

nubsSna

contemplation of the mind citþanu-

bsSna contemplation of the mind-objects

FmμanubsSna

contempt mkç, GtimanH

content; contentment senþas, snþúdæI

continuity snþti, snþan

control of the senses \®nÞiysMvr³

controlling faculty \®nÞIy_

conventional truth smμtisc©

conversion Gavdþ, Gavdþna, karbþÚr

citþeBleTsna

co-religionist shFmμik

corporeality rUb, rUbFm’

corruption sgáiels, «bkiels,

Gasv³

Council sgÁayna, sgÁIti

counterpart bdiPaK

couplet Tuk³ ¬BYkBIr¦

course of action kmμbf

courteous speech; courtesy biyvaca

covetousness GPiCÄa

craving tNða

craving for annihilation viPvtNða

craving for existence PvtNða

craving for non-existence viPvtNða craving for sensual pleasures

kamtNða

cremation Qabnkic©

crematorium Qabndæan

cruelty vihigSa

culture emIl mind culture

curds TFi

D

danger Gnþray, GaTInv³ death mrN³, mc©ú, cuti

8

deathless, adj. Gmt³

debauchery \tßIFutþta ¬esckþICaGñk

elgRsI¦

decad Tsk³ ¬BYkdb;¦

decay Cra, Crta

decease cuti

deceit maya

decision of the majority eyPuyü-

sita

decline braPv³ ¬esckþIvinas¦

deed kmμ

defeat, offence involving Gabtþi

)raCik

defilement kiels

definition vvtßan

deliverance vimutþi, viemakç

delusion emah³

demeritorious action )bkmμ

demon Gsur, ykS

demonstration nieTÞs

denigration mkç ¬kiriyalubKuN¦

dependence nisS½y ¬kñúgvin½y¦

dependent origination bdic©smub/aT

deportment \riyabf

derivative matter «)TayrUb

derived materiality «)Tay rUb

description bØtþi

designation GFivcn³

desire qnÞ³, kam, tNða, \cäa

¬esckþIR)fña¦

despair «)yas

destination Kti

destruction Büsn³, hayn³, vinas,

bhan³, xy³

destruction of life )Nati)t

detachment viraK³

detraction mkç

development Pavna

devotee, lay «)sk

9

Dhamma; Dharma, the RBHFm’, Fmμ,

Fm’

diligence Gb/maT, «dæan

direct knowledge GPiØa

disappearance cuti, GnþrFan

discernment vickçNa

disciple sav½k

discipline vin½y

discontent Grti, GnPirti ¬esckþI

mineRtkGr¦

discovery BuT§i, eBaFi

discrimination bdismÖiTa

discursive thinking vicar

discussion sakcäa

disease eraK, BüaFi

disparaging blas ¬sPav³eTAR)s

edayxül; «³ søwkeQI, cMebuIg¦

dispassion niBViTa

dispensation sasnFm’, RBHsasna

dispute vivaT

disquisition Fmμbriyay

dissension esckþIravrk, (in the

order) sgÇraCI

distraction «T§c©, viekçb ¬esckþIray

may¦

diversification bbBa©

divine TiBV, RBhμ

divine abiding RBhμvihar. emIl

sublime states. divine ear TiBVesat

divine eye TiBVckçú

divine life RBhμcN’, RBh μcriy³,

RBhμcarü. emIl holy life.

doctrine Fm’, RBHFm’, )vcn³

domain vis½y, PB

domineering blas

donation Tan, karbric©aK

donor Tayk

door TVar

doubt vicikicäa, kgça

10

downfall braPv³ ¬esckþIvinas¦,

G)y

drowsiness miT§

drunkenness suraFutþta ¬esckþICa

Gñkelgsura¦

dulness, dullness emah³

duties of the King; duties of the ruler raCFm’

duty kic©, vtþ

dwelling vihar ¬TIenA¦ dwelling in the favourable place

bdirUbeTsvas

dyad Tuk³ ¬BYkBIr¦

E

ear esat³

earnestness Gb/maT, Gatab³

¬esckþIBüayam¦

earth bzvI, bzvIFatu. emIl

extension ease sux

effort viriy³, vayam³, esckþIBüayam

ego Gtþa, Gatμ½n

elasticity muTuta

elder efr

element Fatu, mhaPUt, GgÁ

elements of enlightenment eBaCÄgÁ

embodiment view skáayTidæi

embryo kll³, KBÖ

emergence vudæan

emptiness suØta

end Gnþ

endeavour bFan, viriy³, vayam³

endurance xnþI, GPivasn³

energy viriy³

enjoyment briePaK ¬esay, eRbI

CamYysm/tþi esckþIsux CaedIm¦,

GsSaT³

Enlightenment One, the RBHBuT§

11

enlightenment eBaFi, GPisem<aFi

enlightenment factor eBaCÄgÁ

enlightenment states eBaFibkçiyFm’

ennead nvk³ ¬BYkR)MbYn¦

enthusiasm bIti

envy \sSa, esckþIb£sSa

eon kb/, kl/

equality smantþta

equanimity «ebkça ¬kartaMgcitþCa

kNþal¦ onlooking-equanimity.

equipment brikçar

eradication smuecäT, bhan³

escape nisSrN³

essential of existence «bFi

eternalism; eternity-view ssSt-

vaT, ssStTidæi

eunuch beNÐak

even-mindedness «ebkça

evil )b

Evil One, the mar

Exalted One, the PKva ¬RBHd¾man

RBHPaK¦

exertion bFan³, vayam³

exhaustion xy³ ¬esckþIvinas¦

exhortation »vaT

existence PB

experience evTyit

exposition nieTÞs, vNÑna

extension, the element of bzvIFatu

extinction nieraF

Extinction of Impurities kiels

briniBVan ¬=s«)TiessniBVan¦

Extinction of Suffering TukçnieraF,

nieraF Extinction of the Five-Khandha-

process xn§briniBVan ¬=Gnu)Ti-

essniBVan¦

extreme Gnþ ¬TIbMput, esckþIcUlcitþ

b¤ RbRBwtþienOylM)k¦

12

expiration, offence of Gabtþi-

)citþy³

eye ckçú

F

factor GgÁ

faculty \®nÞIy_

fading away of craving tNðakS½y,

tNðakçy

fading of lust viraK³

failure vibtþi

faith sT§a. emIl confidence

falseness; falsity micätþ

false speech musavaT

false views micäaTidæi

fame ys, kitþis½BÞ

favourable, adj. sb/ay

fear P½y

fear of blame «tþb/

feeling evTna

femininity \tßIPav³, \tßi®nÞIy_

fetter sMeyaCn³, seØaCn_

final knowledge GØa

fine-material sphere rUbPB, rUb-

elak

firmness Fiti ¬esckþIBüayam¦

Five Precept, the bBa©sIl

fixation «)Tan

flavour rs

flood »X³

fluid element Gae)Fatu. emIl

cohesion. flurry and worry «T§c©kukáúc©

follower sav½k, sasnik

fool Bal, mnusSBal

foolish man emaXburs

forbearance tItikça, xnþI

forest-dweller GrØvasI

13

forfeiture, offence of expiation involving GabtþinisSKÁiy)citþiy³

form rUb

formal act sgÇkmμ formal meeting of the order,

offence entailing a GabtþisgÇa-

Tiess

formations sgçar

former action buBVkrN³

former exhibition bueBVnivas

formless GrUb

forward order Gnuelam

foundation of mindfulness sti-

b/dæan

fragrant, adj. suKn§

Fragrant Cell, the RBHKn§kudi

fraud saefyü

freedom vimutþi

friend mitþ, miRt

friendliness emtþa

frivolous talk smöb/lab³

fruit; fruition pl, vi)k

Fully Enlightenment One, the RBHsmμasm<úT§

full moon; full moon day buNÑmI,

bUrN_mI, eBjvg;

function kic©, rs

functional consciousness kiriyacitþ

fundamental precepts )tiemakç

fundamentals of mindfulness sti-

b/dæan

G

gain laP

gambling karelgEl/gPñal;

generosity caK³, Tan

gentleness mTÞv³

gesture kayviØtþi

ghee sb/i

14

ghost eRbt

gift Tan, Tanvtßú

giving Tan

giving up caK³, bric©aK

goal Gtß, brieyasan

god eTv³, eTB, eTvta

going forth (from home) bBVC¢a

good, n. Gtß. adj. klüaN, buØ

good company klüaNmitþta

gossip smöb/lab³

grasping «)Tan

grateful, adj. ktØÚ

gratefulness ktØúta, ktØÚktevTita

gratification GsSaT³

gratitude ktØúta, ktØÚktevTita

grave offence Gabtþifuløc©½y

great entity mhaPUt

Great Man mhaburs

Great Renunciation, the mha

Pien®sámN_

Great Vehicle mhayan

greed elaP³

greediness mhicäta ¬esckþIelaP

cg;)neRcIn¦

grief eTamnsS, esak

group-meal KnePaCn

Groups of Existence, the Five xn§5

growth «bc©y³

grudging «bnah³

guidance nisS½y ¬kñúgvin½y¦

guide srN³, entþi

guiding out vin½y

guile kuhna

H

halo bPa happiness sux

15

harmlessness GhwgSa

harmony samKÁI

harsh speech prusvaca

hate eTas³

hatred eTas³, evr

health GeraKü ¬esckþIsb/ay, K μan

eraK¦, kløta

hearer sav½k. emIl disciple.

heart hTy³

heating element eteCaFatu

heaven sKÁ, sYK’

heavenly abiding TiBVvihar

heavenly being eTBþa, eTvta

heavenly ear TiBVesat

heavenly eye TiBVckçú

heedfulness bmaT, esckþIRbmaT

hell niry³, nrk

help sgÁh³

heptad stþk³ ¬BYkR)MBIr¦

here and now TidæFm’

hereafter brelak, sm/ray³

heresy titßaytn³ ¬kMBg;Twk, lT§i

dUcCaTwk¦

heritage TayC¢ ¬esckþICaTayaT,

mt’k¦

hermit enlightened one bec©kBuT§

hexad qká³ ¬BYkR)MmYy¦

higher knowledge emIl super knowledge.

higher mentality GFicitþ

higher morality GFisIl

higher thought GFicitþ

higher wisdom GFibØa

hindrance nIvrN³

holy life RBhμcN’, RBhμcriy³,

RBhμcarü

holy men smNRBahμN_

holy one RBHGriy³, RBHGrhnþ

homage nm³, nmkáar, bUCa

homeless one GnaKarik

16

homeless life GnaKariy³, CIvit

GnaKarik

honesty GaC¢v³

honour skáar³, bUCa

hostile action evr

householder KhbtI, RKhsß

house-life; household life Xravas,

CIvitRKhsß

human being mnusS

humility nivat³. ¬karbnÞabxøÜn¦ adj. humble.

hut kudI

hypocrisy saefyü ¬Pav³énbuKÁl

GYtGag¦

I

ideation sØa. emIl perception.

idleness ekasC¢

ignoble, adj. Gnriy³, Gnarü

ignorance GviC¢a

illimitables Gb/mØa

illumination »Pas

illusion bemah³, maya

ill-will Büa)T

image bdima. emIl mental image

I-making Ghgáar

immaterial, adj. GrUb

immaterial sphere GrUbPB,

GrUbelak

immoral, adj. )b, Gkusl

immortal, adj. Gmt³

impartiality smantþta

impediment blieBaF, kiBa©n³

impermanence Gnic©ta

impermanent, adj. Gnic©, Gnic©M

imperturbability GaenBa¢a, GenBa¢a

impulsion Cvn³, Cv½n

impurity kiels, ml³, mnÞil

17

in-and-out-breathing Gna)n³,

GsSasbsas³

incantation mnþ

incense stick FUb

inclination GCÄas½y, GFimutþi

independent, adj. GnisSit

indeterminate, adj. GBüakt³

indifferent feeling «ebkçaevTna,

GTukçmsux

individual buKÁl

individuality GtþPav³, GtþPaB

indolence ekasC¢

industry GnsSta, «dæan ¬esckþI

eRkakeLIg¦

inertia bzvIFatu

infinite, adj. Gnnþ

infinity of consciousness viØaN-

Ba©aytn³

infinity of space GakasanBa©aytn³

inheritance TayC¢. emIl heritage

inner sense-sphere GCÄtþikaytn³

¬Gaytn³xagkñúg¦

initial application vitká

inquiry vimMsa ¬R)CJa¦, bribucäa ¬kar

saksYr¦

insight jaN, TsSn³

insight development vibsSnaPavna insight into the heart of others

brcitþviC¢a, ecetabriyØaN

insistence GPinievs

instigated, adj. ssgçarik

instruction GnusasnI, sasn³

integrity GavC¢

intention sgáb/, GFib/ay, ectna

intimation viØtþi

intoxicant mC¢, suraemr½y

intoxicant, mental Gasv³

intrepidity evsarC¢

investigation vic½y, snþIrN³,

vielakn³

18

investigation of the Doctrine Fmμvic½y

invitation karnimnþ, GaraFna, bvarNa

issuer of meals PtþúeTÞsk ¬Gñkcat;

EcgnUvPtþ¦

J

jealous \sSa, esckþIb£sSa

jewel rtn³ ¬kñúg {rtnRt½y{¦

joy esamnsS, ¬ectsik¦ sux, bIti,

muTita. emIl sympathetic joy.

K

Kamma; Karma kmμ

Karmically acquired, adj. «)Tinñk³,

kmμC¢

killing )Nati)t

kindly speech biyvaca

kinsman jati

knowable things ejyüFm’

knowing and seeing jaNTsSn³

knowledge jaN, viC¢a

L

laity, the RKhsß, GñkenARKb;RKgpÞH

lamentation brieTv³ ¬yM, xSwkxSÜl¦

latent bias Gnus½y

latent tendency Gnus½y

Law, the RBHFm’

lay devotee «)sk

lay disciple «)sk, RKhsß sav½k

lay follower «)sk, BuT§sasnik

EpñkRKhsß

laying down karbØtþi ¬sikçabT¦ v.

to lay down layman RKhsß

19

laziness ekasC¢, Galsiy³

learner eskç

learning sut³

legal question GFikrN_

Lesser Vehicle hInyan

lethargy fIn³

lethargy and drowsiness fInmiT§

letter Gkçr³, BüBa¢n³

liberality Tan, caK³

liberation viemakç, vimutþi

life-faculty Civiti®nÞIy_

life-principle CIv³, CIviti®nÞIy_

life-span Gayu, CIvkal, Cn μkal,

Gayukb/

lightness lhuta

liquor sura

livelihood GaCIv³

living in befitting places bdirUb-

eTsvas

living within one’s means smCIvita

loathsome, adj. bdikUl. n.

loathsomeness lodgings esnasn³

longing \cäa ¬esckþIR)fña/cg;, kar

b:unb:g¦

love ebm³, ebrm³ ¬esckþIRsLaj;¦

loving-kindness emtþa

lunar, adj. xagcnÞKti

lunar calendar RbtiTincnÞKti

lust raK³

lusting wish qnÞraK³

lying; lying speech emIl false speech.

M

magical power \T§i)diharü Mahayana mhayan ¬nikayRBHBuT§

20

sasna¦

maintaining; maintenance Gnurkçna

malice GaXat ¬esckþIxwg, KMnuM¦

malicious speech bisuNavaca,

ebsuØvaT

malleability muTuta

management viFan, sMviFan

manifestation bc©úb/dæan

manner briyay, Gakar³

marvel )diharü

masculinity burisPav³, burisi®nÞIy_

mass smUh³, Xn³ ¬duM¦

Master, the RBHsasþa, RBHbrm

sasþa

mastery vsI ¬Gñkman\®nÞIy_sRgÜm

ehIy, GñkbYs¦

material gifts GamisTan

material happiness samissux

material qualities rUbFm’, rUb

material things Gamis

material worship GamisbUCa

matricide matuXat

matrix matika

matted-hair ascetic Cdil

matter rUb

maturity bri)k ¬kiriyacas;CuMvij,

kiriyaTuM¦

meal Ptþ, ePaCn

mealtime Ptþkal

meaning Gtß

meanness mcäriy³

means «)y, viFI, beyaK

medicine ePsC¢

meditation Qan, Pavna

meditator QayI, GñkbMeBj Qan,

GñkceRmInPavna

meekness esavcsSta ¬PaBén

buKÁl KWeKRbedAgay¦

mental, adj. ectsik ¬xagcitþ¦

mental action menakmμ

21

mental activities ectsik

mental adjuncts ectsik

mental avenue menaTVar

mental body namkay ¬kg/BYkén

namFm’¦

mental coefficients ectsik

mental concomitants ectsik

mental factors ectsik mental formation; mental functions

menasgçar, citþsgçar

mental formations sgçar ¬én xn§5¦

mental good conduct menasucrit

mental happiness ectsiksux

mental image nimitþ

mentality nam, namFm’, ectsik

mental misconduct menaTuc©rit

mental object FmμarmμN_

mental pain ectsikTukç

mental quality ectsik

mercy Tya, GnuT½y

merit buØ, buNü

meritorious action buØkmμ

message RBHFm’, BakübeRgon

Middle Path, the mCÄima bdibTa

mind citþ, mena, nam

mind culture Pavna

mindfulness sti

mindfulness on breathing Gana)-

nsSti

mind object emIl mental object.

miracle )diharü misappreciation of virtue and duty

sIlBVtbramas

misconduct Tuc©rit, micäacar

miserliness mcäriy³

misery Tukç adj. miserable manTukç,

CaTukç

mode Gakar

moderation mtþØúta. (~ in eating =

ePaCenmtþØúta

22

moment xN³

momentary concentration xNik-

smaFi

momentary joy xNikabIti

monastery vtþ, Garam, vihar

monastic life RBhμcarü, CIvitsmN³

monk Pikçú, smN³

monument fUb, sfUb, ectiy

moral achievement sIlsm/tþi,

sIlsm/Ta

moral dread »tþb/

moral failure sIlvibtþi

moral habit sIl

morality sIl

moral shame hiri

mortal mc© ¬GñkEtgsøab;= stV¦

motion jtþi, jti; vaeyaFatu

mundane, adj. elakiy

my-making mmgáar³

N

naked ascetic Geclk

name nam

name and form namrUb

natural virtue bktisIl

negligence bmaT³, esckþIRbmaT neighbourhood concentration

«bcarsmaFi

neither-pain-nor-pleasure GTukçm-

sux, «ebkçaevTna

neither perception nor non-perception, sphere of envsØa

nasØaytn³

neutrality, specific tRtmCÄtþta

newly ordained monk nvkPikçú

next life; next world bunCati,

bunPB, CatieRkay, brelak

Nibbāna, Nirvāäa niBVan

23

Nibbāna without any remainder of existence Gnu)TiessniBVan

Nibbāna with remainder of existence s«)TiessniBVan

niggardliness mcäriy³

nihilism mtßikvaT, mtßikTidæi

noble, adj. Griy³, Garü

noble disciple Griysav½k

noble discipline Griyvin½y

Noble Eightfold Path, the Griy

GdægÁikmKÁ, GarüGdægÁikmKÁ

noble one GriybuKÁl

noble treasure GriyRTBü

Noble Truth, the Four Griysc©4,

cturariysc©

noble wealth GriyRTBü

non-covetousness GnPiCÄa

non-cruelty GvihwgSa

non-delusion Gemah³

non-greed GelaP³

non-hate; non-hatred GeTas³,

GBüa)T

non-ill-will GBüa)T

non-injury GhwgSa

non-obstruction GvieraFn³

non-opposition GvieraFn³

non-returner GnaKamI

non-returning, fruition of GnaKami-

pl

non-returning, path of GnaKamimKÁ

non-self; non-soul Gntþa

non-violence GhwgSa, GvihwgSa

norm Fm’

nose Xan³

nothingness, sphere of GakiBa©-

Øaytn³

not-self, adj. Gntþa

novice sameNr

novitiate sameNr, nvk³

nun PikçúnI

24

nutrients; nutriment Gahar nutritive essence »Ca

O

obedience esavcsSta

object GarmμN_

objective-field vis½y

objectivity tfta

oblation BlI, BlIkmμ

obligations )tiemakç, kic©, Fur³, Bn§

observance «e)sf, vtþ, kar rkSa

¬sIl CaedIm¦

obsession briyudæan, bbBa©

obstinacy fmÖ

obstruction nIvrN³. emIl hindrance.

octad Gdæk³ ¬BYk8¦

odorous object Kn§armμN_

odour Kn§

offence Gabtþi

offering BlI, TkçiNa, TkSiN, bUCa

old age Cra

olfactory organ Xan³

omen nimitþ; good omen mgÁl

omnipotent, adj. sBVaPiPU

omniscience sBVØúta

Omniscient, the RBHsBVØÚ

once-returner skTaKamI

once-returning, fruition of skTaKa-

mipl

once-returning, path of skTaKa-

mimKÁ

one-pointedness of mind ÉkKÁta,

citþesSkKÁta

onlooking-equanimity «ebkça

opposite, adj. bdibkç

Order, the RBHsgÇ, KNsgÇ

ordinary man emIl worldling.

ordination «bsm/Ta, «bsm/½T v. to ordain.

25

origin smuT½y

Origin of Suffering TukçsmuTy³,

smuTy³

origination smudæan

other world brelak

outer sense-sphere Bahiraytn³

¬GaytnxageRkA¦

outcast evsS ¬CnefakTab¦

outcaste cNÐal

outguidable person evenyübuKÁl

overcoming bhan³

ownership, the bliss of Gtßisux ¬sux

ekItBIesckþImanRTBü¦

P

pain Tukç

painful feeling TukçevTna

Pali Canon RBHéRtbidk

Parinirvana briniBVan

parricide bituXat, matabituXat

partiality qnÞaKti

passing away mrN³, kalkirya

Path, the mKÁ

patience xnþI, xm³

patricide bituXat

peace snþi, «bsm³

penetration bdievF³, nieBVF³

pentad bBa©k³ ¬BYk5¦

perception sØa

perdition vini)t

Perfect One, the RBHtfaKt

perfection )rmI

perfectness sm/tþi

peril GaTInv³, P½y

perplexity vicikicäa

person buKÁl

perspicuity bdiPaN³

26

perversion vibløas

physical, adj. kayik ¬pøÚvkay¦ emIl

bodily. physical basis of mind hTyvtßú

plane PUmi

pleasant feeling suxevTna

pleasing, adj. )saTik³ ¬naMmknUv/

RbkbedayesckþIRCHføa¦

pleasure sux

posture \riyabf

power Bl³

practice karRbtibtþi, bdibTa

praise vNѳ ¬esckþIsresIr¦,

bsMsa

preaching eTsna v. to preach.

precept sikçabT, sIl

preceptor «bCÄay_

predominance GFibetyü

prejudice GKti

preliminary duties buBVkic©

preparation brikmμ

presumption sarmÖ

previous benefactor buBVkarI

previous life burimCati, buBVCati, Cati

mun

pride manH, mT³

priest bBVCit, RBah μN_

primary element mhaPUt

probation brivas

probationer sikçmana

proclamation Gnusavna

proficiency )KuØta, ekasl

proficiency as to progress Gay-

ekasl

proficiency as to regress G)y-

ekasl

proficiency as to the means of success «)yekasl

proficiency in knowing gain Gay-

ekasl

27

proficiency in knowing loss G)y-

ekasl

proficiency of method «)yekasl

profitable, adj. kusl

profound, adj. KmÖIr³

prompted, adj. ssgçarik

propagation karpSBVpSay

property sm/tþi

prose; prose-exposition evyüakrN_

prosperity sm/Ta

protection Garkça

provenance niTan

psychic power GPiØa

pupil Genþvasik, sisS

Pure Abodes suT§avas

purification visuT§i

purity )risuT§i, visuT§i

purport GFib/ay

pursuit GnueyaK

Q

quadruped stVctu)T

quality KuN, lkçN³, GgÁ

quarrel klh³, vivaT

quarter Tis ¬Tisa¦

quest Ésna, Kevsna, brieysna

question bBaða

quiet, n. smf. adj. vivitþ ¬sgÁ¦

R

radiation eteCaFatu

rag-robe bgSúkUlcIvr

rains-residence; rains-retreat caMRBH

vsSa, vsSavs³

rapture bIti

28

reaching btþi ¬karseRmc)n¦

reality tfta, yfaPUtFm’

realization scäikiriya, scäikrN³,

GFiKm³

reappearance «b/tþi

reason karN³, eyani, vimMsa

rebirth bunPB, CatifμI, kaeekItfμI

recipient bdiKÁahk³, laPI

recitation karsVaFüay, kar sURt. v.

to recite. recluse smN³

recollection GnusSti

reconciliation bdisaraNIykmμ

reconnection bdisn§i

rectitude «CuKta

refectory PtþKÁ ¬eragqan;,

salaqan;¦

refraining sMym³, sØm³, evrmNI

refuge srN³

Refuge, the Threefold éRtsrN³

refuse-rag-robe bgSúkUlcIvr

registration tTarmμN³, tTalm<N³

rehearsal sgÁIti, sgÁayna

reincarnation Gvtar ¬sasnaRBahμ-

N_, hiNÐÚ¦

relative; relation jati

relaxation bsST§i

release viemakç, vimutþi

relics (of the Buddha) RBHFatu, RBH

sarIrikFatu

relief PaBFUresüIy

relinking bdisn§i

remembrance of previous births bueBVnivasanusStijaN

remorse vib/disarI, kukáúc©

renouncing bric©aK

renown kitþi, kitþis½BÞ

renunciation enkçm μ. v. to renounce.

repairs nvkmμ, bdisgçrN³

reprover ecaTk

29

reproving ecaTna. v. to reprove.

repugnance bdiX³

repulsion bdiX³

repulsive, adj. bdikUl

requisite brikça, bc©½y

resentment bdiX³

resistence bdiX³

resolution GFiemakç, GFimutþi; ¬vin½y¦

kmμvaca

resolve GFidæan, GFimutþi

resort eKacr³

respect Karv³

respectable person KrudæanIybuKÁl

restlessness «T§c©

restoration »sarNa, bdisgçrN³

restraint of the senses \®nÞiysMvr³

result pl, vi)k

retrocognition bueBVnivasanusSti-

jaN

reverence Gbcayn³, Karv³

Reverend, the BaküeBalehArkRBH

sgÇ sEmþgKarv³

niymeRbICamYy

RBHsgÇxagmhayan b¤GñkbYs

kñúgsasnaepSg. emIl venerable.

reverse order bdielam

review; reviewing bc©evkçN³

riches ePaK³

right, adj. smμa

Right Action smμakmμnþ

Right Concentration smμasmaFi

Right Conduct emIl Right Action.

Right Deliverance sm μavimutþi

Right Effort smμavayam³

right endeavour smμb/Fan

Right Intent emIl Right thought.

Right Knowledge smμajaN

Right Livelihood smμaGaCIv³

Right Means of Livelihood emIl

Right Livelihood.

30

Right Meditation emIl Right Concentration.

Right Mindfulness smμasti

Right Motive emIl Right Thought.

Right Speech smμavaca

right striving smμb/Fan

Right Thought smμasgáb/

Right Understanding smμaTidæi

Right View emIl Right Under-standing.

righteous, adj. Fmμik, CaFm’

righteous man sb/úrs

righteousness Fm’

rightness smμtþ

rigidity, mental fmÖ

ripening vi)k

risk evra

rites and rituals sIlBVt³

rivalry blas³, sarmÖ

road to power \T§i)T. emIl basis of success.

robe cIvr

root mUl

root-cause ehtu

round vdþ round of birth; roundabout of births

sMsarvdþ, vdþsMsar, sMsar

rug snßt³

rule and ritual sIlBVt³, sIl nigvtþ

rule of training sikçabT

rumination vicar

S

sacrifice yØ ¬RBahμN_¦, caK³,

bric©aK

safe, adj. exm³, ekSm

saffron robe kasavBRsþ

sage munI

salvation vimutþi

31

sandals «)hna

Sangha, the sgÇ, RBHsgÇ, KN³-

sgÇ

sapid object rsarmμN_

satisfaction bsaT³, GsSaT³

Saviour RBHmhase®gÁaH, RBHGñk

TTYl)b ¬RKwsþ=RBHeys‘U¦

savour rs

scepticism vicikicäa

schedule matika

schism sgÇePT

School nikay ¬énsasna¦

science viC¢a

scripture KmÖIr, Knß, bkrN_

search; searching Ésna, brieysna

search of truth Fmμvicy³

seat Gasn³

seclusion vievk

sect nikay

section var³, vtþ

seeing TsSn³

seer \sI

self Gtþa, xøÜn, tYxøÜn

self-control Tm³, sØm³ self-direction, right disposition in

GtþsmμabNiFi

self-illusion skáayTidæi

selfishness mcäriy³

self-knowledge GtþØúta

self-mortification; self-torment Gtþ

kilmfanueyaK³

self-possession sm/CØ

sensation evTna. emIl feeling

sense-base Gaytn³

sense-field Gaytn³

sense-impression psS

sense of shame hiri

sense of urgency sMevK, esckþI

segVK

sense-organ Gaytn³

32

sense-pleasure kam

sense-sphere Gaytn³

sensual craving kamtNða

sensual desire kam, kamqnÞ³

sensual indulgence kamsuxløika-

nueyaK

sensual lust kamraK³

sensual misconduct kaem sumicäacar

sensual plane kamPUmi

sensual pleasure kam, kamsux,

kamKuN

sensual sphere kamPB

sensuous craving kamtNða

sensuous sphere kamPB, kamelak

sentient being stV

separate treatment viPgÁ

sequence Gnusn§i

serene, adj. snþ ¬s¶b;, rm¶ab;,

rm¶ab;ehIy¦

series snþti

service evyüavc©

setting in motion (b¤ setting roll-ing) the Wheel of the Doctrine Fmμckáb/vtþn³

setting-up of mindfulness stibdæan

seven-times-at-most stream-enterer esatabnñ

sexual intercourse emfunFmμ

sexual misconduct kaemsumicäacar

shame hiri, lC¢a

shameless, adj. GlC¢I

shelter taN³ ¬TIBMnak;¦

shoe )Tuka

sign niimitþ

Signs of Being, the Three éRtlkçN_

simile «bma

simplicity Gb/icäta

singled-seed ÉkBICI

skilful action kuslkmμ

skill ekaslø, ekaslü, Tkç, TkS

33

skilled; skilful, adj. kusl

slander bisuNavaca, ebsuØvaT

sloth fIn³

smirching mkç

sociability smantþta

softness muTuta, mTÞv³

solid element bzvIFatu

solitude vievk

sorrow esak

sound sTÞ

source niTan ¬ehtu, TImk¦

soul Gtþa, Gatμ½n, CIv³

soulless, adj. Gntþa

soullessness Gntþta

space Gakas

specific conditionality \Tb/c©yta

specification viPaK

speech vaca, vcI, Pasit, vcIviØtþi

spite «bnah³

spontaneously born creature «b-

)tik³

stain ml³, mnÞil

standing (in the Order) ¬cMnYn¦ vsSa

¬énPikçúPav³ b¤énePTbBVCit¦

steadiness ziti

stealing GTinñaTan

Stilled One, the RBHmunI

stillness emaenyü ¬RbeyaCn_én munI¦

stinginess mcäriy³

storing up «bcy³

straightness «Cukta, GaC¢v³

stream-enterer; stream-entrant; stream-winner; stream-attainer esatabnñ

stream-entry, fruition of esata-

btþipl

stream-entry, path of esatabtþimKÁ

strength Bl³

striving bFan³, viriy³

34

stumbling block Gnþray, Gnþra-

yikFm’

sublime states RBhμvihar

substitution of opposites tTgÁ

substratum of rebirth «bFi

subtle, adj. suxum

success \T§i, sm/tþi

suffering Tukç

suitable, adj. sb/ay, kb/iy³, Gnu-

rUb

sunshade qR½t

superknowledge GPiØa supermundane; supramun-dane,

adj. elakutþr

supernormal power \T§i)diharü

support nisS½y ¬TIGaRs½y¦, «btßmÖ

suppression vikçmÖn³

supreme abidings RBhμvihar

supreme dwellings RBhμvihar

suspension «ebkçbnIykmμ

sustained application vicar

sympathetic joy muTita

T

tactile object epadæBV

taint Gasv³

taking what is not given GTinñaTan

tale-bearing bisuNavaca, ebsuØvaT

talk kfa

taming Tm³

tangible object epadæBVarm μN_, epadæBV

task kic©

taste rs

teacher Gacarü

teaching eTsna, Fm’

Teaching; Teachings, the RBHFm’

telepathy ecetabriyØaN

temperament crit

35

temperature «tu

Tempter, the mar

term bT

test vImMsnþ ¬kalBicarNa, kal

l/g¦

tetrad ctuká³ ¬BYk4¦

thanking GnuemaTna

Theravada efrvaT ¬nikayRBHBuT§

sasnaedIm KUnwg mhayan¦

things Fmμa, Fm’

thirst tNða, bi)sa

thought citþ, citþúb/aT, sgáb/, vitká

thought-conception vitká

tie Knß

tolerance xnþI

tongue Civða

torpor miT§

touch epadæBV

town-monk RBHKamvasI

training sikça, Tm³, Pavna, esxiy³

Training, the Threefold éRt sikça

training rule sikçabT

tranquillity bsST§i, smf³

Tranquillity Development smf-

Pavna

transcendental elakutþr

transformation vibriNam

transgression vItikám ¬karRbRBwtþ

knøg¦

transience; transiency Gnic©ta

transient, adj. Gnic©, Gnic©M

treasure rtn³, niFi, Fn³

triad tik³ ¬BYk3¦

Triple Gem, the RBHrtnéRty

triplet tik³ ¬BYk3¦

true doctrine sT§mμ

true man sb/úrs

truth sc©

twin miracle; twin wonder ymk

)diharü

36

Uultimate sense; ultimate reality

brmtß

ultramundane emIl supermundane

uncertainty vicikicäa uncompounded; unconditioned,

adj. Gsgçt

unconscious mind PvgÁcitþ

unconscious state PvgÁ

undeclared GBüakt³

underlying tendency Gnus½y

understanding bØa

undertaking smaTan v. to under-take.

undetermined offence Gniyt³

unification ÉkKÁta

uninstigated, adj. Gsgçarik

unity samKÁI, Éktþ, ÉkPaB

unknowing GjaN

unprofitable, adj. Gkusl

unprompted, adj. Gsgçarik

unrighteous greed vismelaP³

¬=GPiCÄa¦

unskilful, adj. Gkusl

unskilled action Gkuslkmμ

unsurpassed, adj. Gnutþr

unworldly, adj. niramis

urgency, sense of segVK

usage evahar

utterance «Tan, vcn³

V

vain talk smöb/lab

vanity mT³

vegetable-growth PUtKam

37

Venerable BaküeRbIsRmab;ehAeTArk

RBHsgÇsEmþgKarv³ niymeRbICa-

mYyRBHefr b¤RBHsgÇmansmN-

s½kþ&x<s; ¬G.k. Ven.)

veneration Karv³, nm³, bUCa

verbal action vcIkmμ

verbal formation; verbal functions vcIsgçar

verbal good conduct vcIsucrit

verbal misconduct vcITuc©rit

verdict of innocence stivin½y

verdict of past insanity GmULðvin½y

verdict of present of smμúxavin½y

verification scäikiriya, scäikrN³

verse Kafa

Vesak visaxbUCa ¬niymeRbIkñúgRb-

eTslgáanig\NÐa = Visākha

Pūjā.)

vibration, the element of vaeyaFatu

vices of conduct kmμkiels

view Tidæi

village-dweller KamvasI

virtue sIl, KuNFm’. adj. virtuous.

virtue and duty sIlBVt³, sIlnigvtþ

visible for oneself, adj. snÞidæik³

visible object; visual object rU)-

rmμN_

vision TsSn³

vital formation Gayusgçar

vitality CIviti®nÞIy_

void; voidness suØta

volition ectna

volitional activities sgçar

voting-ticket søak

W

wakefulness CaKriyanueyaK walking to and fro c®gám

38

wander, v. carik

wandering karcarik, sMsar

wandering ascetic; wanderer bri-

BVaCk

warrior xtþiy³, kSRt, CnvNѳkSRt

watch yam

watchfulness stism/CØ

water Gae). emIl cohesion.

way mKÁ, bdibTa

weal hitsux

wealth ePaK, Fn³

welfare hitsux, RbeyaCn_sux

Well-farer, the RBHsuKt

well-spoken words vaca suPasit

Wesak emIl Vesak.

wheel of becoming; wheel of life PvcRk

Wheel of the Law; Wheel of the Doctrine Fm μcRk

wheel of rebirths sMsarcRk

wheel-turning monarch esþccRk-

Btþi

wholesome, adj. kusl

wholesome action kuslkmμ

wicked, adj. )b, GaRkk;

wieldiness kmμØta

will qnÞ, ectna

wind vaeya. emIl vibration.

wisdom bØa

wise man bNÐit

wish qnÞ, \cäa ¬esckþIR)fña¦

withdrawal «BÖar, «T§ar

woe Tukç, G)y

wonder )diharü

worldling bufuC¢n

worldly, adj. elakiy, samis

worldly condition elakFm’

worldly vicissitudes elakFm’

worthy one RBHGrhnþ

worry kukáúc©

39

wrath ekaF³

wrong conduct Tuc©rit

wrong course GKti

wrongdoing Tukád ¬Gabtþi¦

wrongness micätþ

wrong speech, offence of Gabtþi

TuBÖasit

wrong time vikal

Y

yearning Gasa

years’ standing emIl standing.

yellow robe kasavBRsþ

yoke eyaK³, Fur³, Par³

Z

zeal Gb/maT zest bIti

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APPENDIX

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa. Homage to the Blessed One, the Perfect One, the Fully-Enlightened One.

Tisaraægamana Taking the Three Refuges.

Buddhaç saraäaç gacchàmi.

I go to the Buddha for refuge. Dhammaç saraäaç gacchàmi.

I go to the Dhamma for refuge. Sanghaç saraäaç gacchàmi.

I go to the Sangha for refuge. Dutiyampi ……………………….

For the second time ………… Tatiyampi ………………………

For the third time …………

Pañca-Sìla The Five Precepts

Pàäàtipàtà veramaäì sikkhàpadaç samàdiyàmi. I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from taking life. Adinnàdànà veramaäì sikkhàpadaç samàdiyàmi. I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from taking what is not

given. Kàmesumicchàcàrà veramaäì sikkhàpadaç samàdiyàmi. I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from sexual misconduct. Musàvàdà veramaäì sikkhàpadaç samàdiyàmi. I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from false speech. Suràmerayamajjapamàdaååhànà veramaäì sikkhàpadaç samàdiyà-

mi.

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I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from intoxicants causing carelessness.

Cattàri Ariyasaccàni The Four Noble Truths

1. Dukkhaç Ariyasaccaç. The Noble Truth of Suffering. 2. Dukkhasamudayo Ariyasaccaç. The Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering. 3. Dukkhanirodho Ariyasaccaç. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering. 4. Dukkhanirodhagàminìpaåipadà Ariyasaccaç. The Noble Truth of the Path leading of the Cessation of Suffering.

Ariya Aååhangika Magga

The Noble Eightfold Path

1. Sammàdiååhi Right Understanding. 2. Sammàsaækappa Right Thoughts. 3. Sammàvàcà Right Speech. 4. Sammàkammanta Right Action. 5. Sammààjiva Right Livelihood. 6. Sammàvàyàma Right Effort. 7. Sammàsati Right Mindfulness. 8. Sammàsamàdhi Right Concentration.

Pañca-Khandha

The Five Aggregates of Existence

1. Rùpa-khandha Aggregate of Corporeality 2. Vedanà-khandha Aggregate of Feeling 3. Saññà-khandha Aggregate of Perception 4. Saækhàra-khandha Aggregate of Mental Formations 5. Viññàäa-khandha Aggregate of Consciousness

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Ti-Lakkhaäa The Three Characteristics of Existence

1. Sabbe sankhàrà aniccà. All conditioned things are impermanent. 2. Sabbe sankhàrà dukkhà. All conditioned things are subject to stress and conflict. 3. Sabbe dhammà anattà. All things are not-self or soulless.

Paåicca-Samuppàda The Dependent Origination

Avijjàpaccayà Sankhàrà Dependent on Ignorance arise Karma-Formations.

Sankhàrapaccayà Viññàäaç Dependent on Karma Formations arises Consciousness.

Viññàäapaccayà Nàmarùpaç Dependent on Consciousness arise Mind and Matter.

Nàmarùpapaccayà Saøàyatanaç Dependent on Mind and Matter arise the Six Sense-Bases.

Saøàyatapaccayà Phasso Dependent on the Six Sense-Bases arises Contact.

Phassapaccayà Vedanà Dependent on Contact arises Feeling.

Vedanàpaccayà Taähà Dependent on Feeling arises Craving.

Taähàpaccayà Upàdànaç Dependent on Craving arises Clinging.

Upàdànapaccayà Bhavo Dependent on Clinging arises the Process of Becoming.

Bhavapaccayà Jàti Dependent on the Process of Becoming arises Birth.

Jàtipaccayà Jarà-maraäaç soka-parideva- Dependent on Birth arise Decay and Death, sorrow, lamenta-tion,

dukkha-domanassa-upàyàsà sambhavanti. pain, grief and despair. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandassa samudayo hoti.

Thus arises the wholes mass of suffering.