38
1 zdo.qH;uwDRqduFdvHmnd.od.'d. wDR=c b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o;

b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

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Page 1: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

1

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w>ynd. ♠zdo.wJzsgrk>weHRM.td.'D;tuwD>(4)uwD>oh

Page 23: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

23

♠ wJzsgxD.weHRb.weHRw>zH;w>rRvXrR0JwuwD>b.wuwD>oh

w>u wdRzsX. rk>*DR< rk>xl.< rk>[g< rk>eR

w>yD; w>vD w>o;0H.< xg<CRz;'d.< ,.< w>*DRtvHmuh

w>[l; w> *JR

'k;oh.ngzdo.vXrk>qgcDM.rRto;'fvJ.'D;rk>eRcDM.rRto;'fvJ. I

'k;oh.ngzdo.vXwuwD>b.wuwD>w>vXtub.rR0Joh.wz.

o&.rk.uwDRymM>w>vD>vXttd.zsgcH;tvD>wwDRwDR'D;zdo.'D;o&.rk.ub.vJREkmvXw>cH;tvD>'D;wJ,kRpXRzd o.vXw>

cH;t*h>tusdRzJ ttd.zJw>cH; tuwD>tcgM.vDRIwu;'H;b.w>vD>w>usJvXw>rRcH;w>tvD>rh>vJ>M.zdo.vJR'D;o&.rk.w bsD

CD EGH *R Cd; *RohM.vDRI 'D;[;xD.vXw>ysDylR'D;wJ'k;oh.ng zdo.vXw>uyDRt*h>vXexH.w>rEkRvJ. wuh>I

=w>o;0H.= rk>*DRuwD>yb.vJRxD.uFd

=xg&l; =(1)rk>qh.0gxD.tuwD>

w>o;0H.< xg&l;< w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h =4 rk><vg<q.wz.

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.ud;0Jrk>< vg< q.trHRoh

♠ yJmz;eDRz;wJzsg0Jw>qXu wD>vXxH.b.rk.< vg< q.oh

w>yD; w>vD rk>< vg< q.w>*DRtvHmuhzd< w>CJRyl< xg< w>o;0H.I w>*DRtuhtcD< w>*JRvdmuGJ

w>u wdRzsX. rk>< vg< q.

w>[l; w>*JR

'k;oh.ngqdzdo.rk><vg< q.wz.[JzsgxD.qXuwD>zJvJ.I

whM>rk><vg< q.t*DRymvDRvXw>ysDylRwbh.wylR'D; [h.vDRw>uvk>vXzdo.uqDwvJtvD>< t'd§uFdo&.rk.rh>ud;xD.q. M.

u b. pH. vXq.ttd.< rh>ud;xD.vgM.ub.pH.vXvgtd.< rh>ud;xD.rk>M.ub.vJRpH.vXr k>ttd.

o&.rk.uymvDRrk>wbh.< vgwbh.< q.wzsX.'D;o&.rk.u[h.vDRw>uvk>rh>ud;xD.rk>M. ub.cgywmCDRvXrk>< rh>ud;

vXvgM.ub.cgywmvg< rh>ud;vXq.M.ucgywmq.M.vDRI

o&.rk.u[h.xD.w>oHuG>qlzdo.wz.ttd.b.C;r k>vgq.M.yxH.b.tDRwbsDbsDph>{gI 'D;okxH.b.tDRzJvJ. I

o&.rk.u'k;eJ.zdo.vXw>*DRtvHmuh'D;wJ,kRtDR

o&.rk.urXzdo.whxD.rk>< vg< q.t*DR'D;rXteD>up>xk;uhRw>tvGJ>oh.wz.

o&.rk.urXzdo.xDxD.uhRw>*DRtuhtcDwz.( rk>< vg <q. ) puzzle

=w>CJRyl = [H.zdCDzdw'l.vXtzdrk.oX*Rt*h>

= y'Jrd>zdt*h>

= rk>< vg< q.

=xg&l; = rluydmvdRw>b.wh

=w>o;0H. = rk>'D;vgq.oh.wz.,HR'd.r;

w>o;0H.< w>CJRyl< xg&l;t*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h=5 w>tvGJ>usJ.usD

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.ymzsgw>tvGJ>cHcgymzSd.xD.o;M.uJxD.w>tvGJ>toDwvGJ>oh

Page 24: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

24

w>yD; w>vD uoH.tvGJ>xH< xH

w>u wdRzsX. t*DR'D;tbDuJxD.wCh.o.tvGJ><t0g'D;t*DRuJxD.t*DRp>

w>[l;w>*JR

o&.rk.uwJ'k;oh.ngqdzdo.vXw>tvGJ>vXuusJ0Joh.wz.trHR

o&.rk.uusJ'k;xH.zdo.vXw>tvGJ>t*DR'D;tbDusJ.usDM.uJxD.wCh.o.tvGJ>M.uwJpXRzdo.

w>rRvdt'h=6 (u)'h.wbh.tw>td.rlvJRw&H;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.qD&J.vDR'h.wbh.tw>'d.xD.tywD>wywD>b.wywD>oh

w>yD;w>vD 'h.w>*DRz;'d.<'h.w>*DRvHmuhzdoh.wz.< w>*DRtuhtcD

w>uwdRzsX. 'h.'H.< bX.c.< tpkxD.< tcD.xD.< trJ>wlm< 'h.

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwJ,kRpXRzdo.vX'h.tw>vJRw &H;too;wqDb.w qD I

o&.rk.u'k;eJ.zdo.'h.t*DRvHmuhzd'D;tw>vJRw&H;to;wqDb.wqDvXvHmz;vJ>tylR

rXzdo.vJRxDxD.uhR'h.tw>vJRw&H;t*DRvXw>*DRz;'d.tvdRI

rXzdo.xDb.uhRw>*DRtuhtcDwz.

(c)pD;u yhRtw>'d.xD.

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.qD&J.vDRpD;uyhRwbh.tw>'d.xD.tywD>wywD>b.wywD>oh

w>yD; w>vD pD;uyhRw>*DRz;'d.< pD;u yhRw>*DRvHmuhzdwz.< w>*DRtuhtcDwz.

w>uwdRzsX. t'H.< oHrd>yDR< t'Xxlbd.< pD;uyhR

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwJ,kRpXRzdo.vX pD;u yhRt w>vJRw&H;to; wqDb.w qD

o&.rk.uwJ,kRpXRoHrd>yDRvXw>o.0HRto;wbdt*h>

o&.rk.u'k;eJ.zdo.pD;uyhRt *DRvHmuhzdtw>vJRw&H;to; wqDb.wqD

rXzdo.vJRxDxD.uhRpD;uyhRtw>vJRw&H;t*DRvXw>*DRz;'d.tvdR

rXzdo.xDb.uhRw>*DRtuhtcDwz.

w>rRvdt'h=7 w>xl.w>rk>w>bd vXycd.yCXR

(u)oh. xl.t'd.'D; tqH;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.yJmz;eDRz;'D;wJzsg0Joh.t'd.'D;tqH;oh

w>yD; w> vD w>o;0H.< w>CJR< xg< w>t *DRb.C;w>xl.'d.xl.qH;tvHmuhzdt*DR< w>*DRz;'d.wbh.<w>CJR*DRyR'l.

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.'k;eJ.zdo.oh.t'd.wxl.'D;tqH;wxl.vXw>*DRtvHmuhylR'D;wJ'k;oh.ngtDRoh.t'd.'D;tqH;tw>vDRqD

=w>o; 0H. = vXoh.z;'d.u'kzDvm

=xg&l; = oh.xl.'D;tw>uJbsK;=(oh.xl.[h.ySRw>o;rH)

=w>CJRyl =pDRxlxl'D;pDRphpht*h>

=w>*JRvdtvHmubsH;=rXzdo.eDRz;uhRw>xl.vXw>whCmM>tDRwz.rXzdo.eDRz;uhRw>*DRtvHmuhwz.(oh.xl.t'd.tqH;)

w>CJRyl<w>o;0H.<xg&l;t*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIIIIII

Page 25: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

25

(c)oh.xl.tuh>t*DR'D;tw>uJbsK;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.wJzsgxD.oh.xl.tuh>t*DR'D;tw>uJbsK;oh

w>yD; w>vD oh.xl.t*DRz;'d.< w>*DRtvHmuh< cHqh.eDR< [H.< uFd< pyGJ< csH< vh.< wdR

w>uwdRzsX. txl.< tv.< t'h< t-w>< t*H>

w>[l;w>*JR

o&.rk.u'k;oh.ngzdo.oh.xl.tuh>t*DRwcgb.wcg

w>o;0H.=vXoh.z;'d.u'kzDvm

ymvDRw>vdmuGJvXySRwhvXoh.'D;ySRwhvXyv;pwh;'D;rXzdo.yJmz;eDRz;uhR

rXzdo.xDuhRoh.xl.t*DRtuhtcDwz.

whoh.xl.t*DRz;'d.'D;rXzdo.xDb.uhRt'htv.zdwz.

(*)w>rk>w>bdtw>'d.xD.

vl>cho.wzsX.tw>vJRw&H;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.&J.vDRw>rk>w>bdt w>'d. xD.'ftrh>vl>ch o.wzsX.t w> 'd.xD.tywD>wywD>b.wywD>oh

w>yD; w>vD vl>cho.w>*DRtvHmz;'d.< w>*DRvHmuhzdoh.wz.<w>'X< [D. cd.<w>*DRtuhtcD

w>uwdRzsX. tcsH <t*H>< tJ;z;xD. <t,d mxD. < tv.z;'h < txl. < trk>u;< tzD < to.vg < to.rHbD

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwJ,kRpXRzdo.vl>cho.wzsX.tw>vJRw&H;to; wqDb.wqD

o&.rk.u'k;eJ.zdo.vl>cho.wzsX.t w>vJRw&H;t o;wqDb.wqDvXw>* DRz;'d.tylR

rXzdo.vJRxDxD.uhRvl>cho.wzsX.tw>vJRw&H; t*DRvXw>*DRz;'d. tvdR

rXz do.ol.vDRw>csHvXteD>up>'D;rXteD>up>vl0Jt xH

w>rRvdt'h=8 w>xD.zDw>vDR';

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.uyJmz;eDRz;w>vXtxD.zD'D; w>vXtvDR';ohI

w>yD; w>vD vX>< zD;< x;< w>tCh < w>oHod< oh.v.tl < w>tcsHtod. < w>tcsHtq;<vDcDx;< vDcDuD. < bDvd< w>qH.

xHt'Xwud

w>[l;w>*JR

o&. rk. u[H;M> w>zdw>vHRteD>uD> vX txD.zD'D; tvDR';oh.wz.'D; xXEkm'k;eJ.zdo. vX xHusgvX vDcDoz.cd.t ylR

vXo&.rk.u wDRym0J'D; o&.rk.u'k; eJ.zdo.txD. zD zJvJ.wcg < 'D;tvDR';zJvJ.wcgvJ. I

w>*JRvdtvHmubsH;=whw> *DRb.C;w>zdw>vHRvXtxD.zDrhwrh>tvDR';vXvHmubsH;ylR'D; [h.vDRzdo.vX u*JRvd0JvX w>

oh yJm z; eDR z; t*D>

o&.rk.uz;xD.M>zdo.vXvX>wzsX.tHRxD.zDvDRI zdo.ub.ue.xH0J'D;ub.pH; qXuhR0JvX ?rh>/rhwrh>?wrh>b./

w>*JRvdtvHmubsH;=whM>w>*DR'D;uGJ;vDRM>tDRvHmzsX.vXw>xD.zD§w>vDR';vXw>*DRuyRrh>b.'D; zdo.ub.wdRb.0J rh>u

r. 'D;ub.wdRur.0J

w>rRvdt'h=9 w>o;orltd.'D;w>o;orlwtd.

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.oh.wz.yJmz;eDRz;w>vXto;orltd.'D;wtd.tw>vDRqDvdmo;oh

w>uwdRzsX. w>o;orltd. =ySRunD< q.zduD>zd <oh.xl. IIIIIIIII

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26

w>o;orlwtd. =pX>bd< vHm < vD>qh.eDR < xHcG; I IIIIIIII

w>yD;w>vD w>o;orltd.’D;wtd.tw>*DRtvHmuhzdwz.< o&.rk.teD>up>< z do.teD>up>

w>[l; w> *JR

w>*h>vXub.'k;oh.ngzdo.w>vX to;orltd.M.([l;0;oh<'d.xD.oh<tD.w>oh)w>vXto;orlwtd. ([l;0;woh< 'd.

xD.woh< tD. w>woh )

o&.rk.uwJ,kRzdo.vXw>vXt o;orltd.'D;wtd.t*h>(xd.o}wDR,kRtDRw>*DRvXtb.C;'D;w>vXto;orltd.<'D; t o;

o rl w td. )

o&.rk.uxd.o}wDR'k;eJ.zdo.teD>up>'D;w>vXto;orlwtd.b.wcgcg

o&.rk.uymusJ.usDM>zdo.w>*DR tvHmuhzd< w>vXto;orltd.'D; to;orlwtd.'D; rXteD>up>xXxD.uhR 0J

rXzdo.xXjyXw>*DRvX to;orltd. 'D; to;orlwtd.

rXzdo.whw>*DR0HR xk;uhRtvGJ>

w>[l;w>*JRtvHmubsH; = rXzdo.wdRvdRuhR rhwrh>wdRu0DRw>*DRvX ttd.vX vHmubsH;ylRvX w>vXto;orltd.'D;wtd.

w>xd.o}wDRw>vX to;orltd.< wtd.

=uqD=yedbsX

=uoh.=pX>bd

=ye> =vHm

=pX>bd = uoh.

=vHm =ye>

=yedbsX =uqD

w>rRvdt'h=10 w>zdvHRzdC>wbh.tuh>t*DR

'GJ.wbh.t*h>

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.ud; wJzsg 'GJ.wbh.tuh>t*DRwcgb.wcgpkmpkmtrHRoh

w>yD;w>vD w>*DRvXp;cduhzd <w>[l;w>*JRtvHmubsH; <w>*DRtuhtcD(puzzle)

w>uwdRzsX. t'H;qh< ted;ql. < tpk< tcD.< trd>yS>< tudmylR < t[XzX < trJmcsH < 'GJ.tcd.ql.

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.u'k;eJ.tDRw>zdw>C>t *DRvHmuhzd'D; o&.rk.uwJ,kRtDRtuh>t*DRwcgpkmpkm

o&.rk.uwhxD.'GJ.wbh.t*DR'D;'k;eJ.zdo.vXtuh>t*DRwz.

w>[l;w>*JRtvHmubsH;=xDb.uhR'GJ.wbh.tuh>t*DRtuh t cD wz.

w>rRvdt'h=1 1 (u)xHt*h>

(1)xHtd.w>tvD>

(2)xHtw>uJbsK;

(3)xHtw>wuJbsK;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.wJzsgxHtd.w>vD>'D; yJmz; eDRxHtw>uJbsK;'D;tw>wuJbsK;oh

w>yD; w>vD w>teD>uD>xHcG;cH cG;< tuqSDwc G; < tb.tXwcG;< w>o;0H. =xHrh>w>t&h'd.

Page 27: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

27

w>u wdRzsX. xH< xHusd< xHylR< xHxD.yX>

w>[l;w>*JR

o&.'k;oh.ngqdzdo.vXxHtw>uJbsK;< 'D;tw>wuJbsK;'D;ttd.w>qd;w>tvD> tusJ

(1)xHtd.w>tvD>=xHusd < xHylR< xHxD.yX>

(2)xHtw>uJbsK;=w>zDtD.whRtD.< vk>xHvk>ed < q+.w>< ohuqSJuqSDw>yD;w>vD

(3)xHtw>wuJbsK;=xH'd.vDRuG;vDRw><xHvXttd.*X>vXw>wd.vd.tylR'D;eXtk.

o&.rk.urXzdo.td.u0DRusDR'D; ymyeD.Cm csHvXw>cX.o;wwDR'D; o;0H.xD.oud;csHzd,J>bh.w>o;0H.rh>uwX>'D; o&.rk.

uud; xD.0J?xH'd.xD.vH'd;xD.csH/ ySRvXt'd;xD.csHM. uylRzsJ;< 'D;ySRvXt'd;xD.csHwM>b.M. wylRzsJ;b. M.vDRI

'k;eJ.zdo.w>*DRtvHmuhzdb.C; xHtw>uJbsK; 'D;xHtw>wuJbsK; vHmw> *DRzdwz. I

rXz do.xd.o}wDRxHb.tXwcG; 'D;xHvXtuqSDwcG;

=w>o;0H. =xHrh>0Jw>t&h'd.

o&.rk.uoHuG>zdo. < zdo.oh.xHw>uJbsK;td.'fvJ. I

pH;qX =uJbsK;vXys>rJm<xl;rJ< ohpkohcD.< vk>xH vk>ed < zDtD.whRtD. < w>uqSJuqSDoh.w z.

=xg &l; =xHrh>0Jw>t&h'd.

w>CJRyl< xg&l;< w>o;0H.t*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h=12 uvHRt*h>

(u)uvHRtw>uJbsK;

(c)uvHRtw>wuJbsK;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.wJzsguvHRtw>uJbsL;'D;wuJbsL;tcDynDohI

(u)uvHRtw>uJbsK;

w>yD; w>vD xg< w>CJRyl < w>o;0H.< w>*DRtvHmz;vJ>

w>[ll; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwJ,kRtDRvXuvHRtw>uJbsK;t*h> (rXzd o.u;wHmteg'hcH0HR'D;oHuG>u'guhRzdo.vXokwl>b.'fvJ. )

rXzdo.[;xD.vXw>csXo&.rk.uwJpXRzdo.vXuvHR[Jtlw>M.tlb.oh.zd0.zd'D;tlb.ySRuzDuzDM.yoh.ngvXuvHR

td.vDR I

rXzdo.csH;eD.0H>uok.'D; 0H>uok.to;'D;oh.ng0JeD.0H>uok.tw>uok.b.tDR I

=w>o;0H. =uvHRtlw>

=xg&l; = uvHRzdtw>tl

=w>CJRyl =o0DzdvXupX>'Dcd.

=ySR'Doud;cH*RvXtvJR[;qlw>vl>'Dcd.

w>o;0H.< w>CJRyl< xg&kl;t*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIII

(c)u vHRt w>wuJbsK;

w>yD; w> vD xg < w>CJRyl < w>*DRvHmuhzd < w>*JRvdmuGJ

w>[l;w>*JR

o&.rk.uwJ'k;oh.ngzdo.uvHR[Jtlw>rh>'d.M.oh.u>0.u>'D; rR[;*lm[;*DRw>

w>vdmuGJ(Game) rXzdo.qXxX.u0DRusDR'D;o&.rk.u[h.w>uvk>uvHR[J[lxD.uzDuzDvH'D;rXzdo.0H>0>xD.tpku,D u ,D

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28

u vHR [J tlw>'d.xD.wpJ;zdo.0H>0>tpkkql.xD.wpJ;uvHRtlxD.z;'d.'D;zdo.o&.rk.upH;xD.0Joh.u>vDRvH'D;zdo. ud;*R

uxd. vDRySD> uGHm to;jyL>uvm

=xg&l; = uvHRtw>wuJbsK;

=w>CJRyl = zdo.rk.vXuvHRtlvDRySD>t[H.w*Rt*h>

w>CJRyl< xg&l;< w>o;0H.vXb.xGJIIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h=13 q.zduD>zdvXuvHRusg

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.uoh.ngq.zduD>zdvXttd.vXuvHRusg

w>yD;w>vD q.zduD>zdw>*DRtvHmuh< w>wJyl< w>o;0H.< w>'XoXzsX.(wXwzsX.tylRM. zXEkmxH < cHzsX.wzsX.tylRM. zX

Ekm vDR [D. cd. < oXzsX.wzsX.tylRM. ymuvD 'D; utd.xJ u vHR )

w>uwdRzsX. xd.csK.< xd.uD;< vHmrd>C;< xd.vGH>< bsg< pD;uyhR< uGJ>vJ>bD< ysHmysR< pd;0.C;< egud.vHIIIIIIIIII

w>[l;w>*JR

'k;oh.ngq.zduD>zdvXuvHRusgtrHR< 'k;eJ.Ckm'D;tw>*DRvXvHmuhzdylR

ymvDRM>zdo.vXw>zdvHRzdC>t*DRwcgM.2pl.3pl.'D;ymusJ.usDtDR< rXzdo.CkxXuhRvXtw>'H;od;vdmto;'D; ymzSd.uhR wylRCD

u wdR o ud; wJoud;< uG>vDRw>*DRvXp;cduhtvdR'D;wJ,kRzdo.

ymvDRw>'XoXzsX. wXwzsX.M. zXEkmvDRxH< cHzsX.wzsX.M. zXEkm vDR [D.cd. 'D;oXzsX.wzsX.M. urh>0Jt uvD utd. xJ u vHR<

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uxXEkm0JvXw>'XvXtd.'D;xH

rXzdo.whq.zduD>zdt*DR'D;xk;tvGJ>

=w>o;0H.=pD;uyhRzd

=w>CJRyl=pDd;uyhRzd'D;egud>vHzdt*h>

xg&l;<w>o;0H.<w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdcd.oh.=3 w>td.ql.td.chsoeX. Health

w>rRvdt'h =1 eD>w*Rw>uqSJuqSD'D;w>td.ql.td.chs

(u)w>uqSJuqSD'D;tyD;tvDtw>uJbsK;

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.oh.nguwJmuwDRteD>up>w*Rtw>uqSJuqSDvXutd.zsguqSJuqSDuylRzsJ;'D;w> ql;w>qg'fod;

u td. ql.td.cVt*D>

♠ zdo.ol0Jw>uqSJuqSDtw> yD;w>vDoh.wz.tusdRtusJvXtb.*h>b.0D

w>uwdRzsX. w>xl;rJuoH.< w>xl;rJbd < csgodvk>xH <csgodql.w>< w>ySHRcd.

w>yD; w>vD w>*DRtvHmuhrhwrh>w>teD>uD>( csgod'Dvd.vk>xH< xH< xHbsX.< vDcDoz.cd.< w>xl;rJuoH.< w>xl;rJbd<w> ySHR

cd.< csg od q+.w><xH< w>o;0H.< w>CJRyl< w>xD.CDoGgtvHm

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[H;M>eD>w*Rw>uqSJuqSDw>zdw>vHRteD>uD>wz.<oHuG>w>zdw>vHRtrHR'D; w>oltDR'fvJ.I

wJ'k;oh.ngySRzdo.b.C; e D>w*Rw>uqSJuqSDb.C; yulyuR yub.q+.tDRuqSSJuqSD 'fod; tokweXvX y uyXR w *hR

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29

rXzdo.rRvXte D>up>(t'd<ys>rJm<xl;rJ )

=xg &l;=ohepkzdohpDpD<xl;erJzdrh0g0gxl;0g0g

=xg&l;=zdo.qH;td.uqSJuqSD(zdo.qH;cJvXmcJpD<td.y0JuqSJuqSD)

=w>o;0H. =td.uqSJuqSD

=w>CJRyl=[H.zdCDzdpDRxlxlt*h>

xg&l;<w>CJRyl<w>o;0H.t*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIIII

(c)w>uqSJuqSD[H.ylR<ycd.yCXR<uFdylR<uFdcs X

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.oh.nguwJmuwDR0Jt[H.cd.[H.CXRoh.wz.Ckm'D; tuFdtcd.tCXRvX utd.zsg0JuqSJuqSD

w>u wdRzsX. w>wCm'X< eD.cGJod.vX'X; yllR< eD.cGJod.vXw>csX< eD.w&Dmw>wCm< eD.xl;

w>[l; w> *JR

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wJoud;oHuG>oH'd;zdo.b.C;cd.CXRw>uqSJuqSDt*h><yb.xXEkmw>urSHRvXw>wCm'XtylR<ywb.wXRuGHmvDRw>b.tX

b.oD< uD.xX.'X'D;yvDoh.wz.vXxHusdylRrhwrh>w>rk>w>bdtcD.xH;b.I

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'k;eJ.zdo.vXw>*DRtvHmuhtylR rhwrh>whM>tDRvXtb.C;'D; cd.CXRw>uqSJuqSDtvHmuh'D; wJ'k;oh.ngtDRvXuD. xX.'X< y

vD< ';cJ th. 'D;w>t*Rwz.M. yb.xXEkmtDRwcgvX tvD>'.0JvXw>wCm'XtylR

wJ'k;oh.ngzd o.oh.wz.vX wb.wXRvDRw>wCmvX xHusdylRb.I tD.w>rh>0HR rh wxH.w>wCm'X'H;b.M. ub.xX

EkmqdvX xX. ylR< rhwrh>qhuRxX.ylR

=xg&l; =zdo.qH;vd.b.w>td.ql.td.cV(y0Jzdo.qH;wz.<w>td.ql.td.cVvd.b.)

= w>CJRyl=o0DzDvg[hvl>

w>o;0H.< xg&l;< w>CJRylvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIII

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(u)w>tD.vXttd.'D;txk;tpD

w>tD.tu &l> (3)u &l>

(1)w>tD.vXt'k;'d.xD.xDxD.ySR

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w> y nd. ♠ zdo.oh.ngw>tD.vXt 'k;'d.xD.ySR'D;[h.*H>[h.bgySR'D;'Do'Xw>ql;w>qg I

w>u wdRzsX. • (1)w>tD.vXt'k;'d.xD.ySR

(2)w>tD.vX[h.*H>[h.bgySR

(3)w>tD.vXt'Do'Xw>ql;w>qg

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• =zDo.< wCh.o.< yEGJ>o.<wuGHo.< wuGHoh.o.< eJ;o.< wuDRqH.o.

< vl> ch o.< orhRvD'd;< uD;pd'd;< uoh.cD.rh.'d;< ob.'d;< yxd;o.< wuDRo.< xHvlRo.

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30

<whvhwuho.< bJqH.'d;< zd

qH.'d;<yeDusJo.<eJ;o.<r;tdo.<yoJ*DR0g(w>'d;tuvkmuvkm<wRqH.o.tuvkmuvkm<w>eXrl'd;tu

vkm uvkm'fzdo.tD.b.tod;)

w> yD; w> vD w>*DRvHmuhzdwz.< w>eD>uD>< xg< w>tD.w>tDt*DRvHmuhzd< w>tD.t*DRvXtrh>*DRyR'l.z;vJ>(Poster cards) w>

tD. vX t M>*H>M>bg t*hRwbh.<w>tD.vXtwM>*H>M>bg w*hRwbh.< w>xD.CDoGgw>*DRCkm'D;bDusDwzsX.

(t. p> 'd) vX t b. C;'D;w>tD.

w>[l; w> *JR

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o&.rk.u'k;oh.ngqdw>tD.tu&l>trHR'D;w>*DR

w>zdw>vHR = w>*DRteD>uD> I

o&.rk.uymusJ.usD w>tD.oXu&l>t*DRrXzdo.CkxXxD.'D;vJRymuhRvXtu&l>u&l>'.0J

o&.rk.[h.vDRzdo.w>tD.oXuvkmw>*DR tvHmuh0HRo&.r k.u[h.vDRw>uvk> oHuG>zdo.'D; ySRvXtzD.b. w>*DRtvHm

uh M. td. vXtu&l>rEkRrEkR'D;< zdo.uvJRpH.td.vXtu&l>'.0J

=xg&l; = w>tD.M>*H>M>bg

=w>o;0H.=w>tD.M>*H>M>bg

w>o;0H.< xg&l;< w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

(c)w>tD.w>tDvXt'k;uJxD.w>ql;w>qg

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.oh.ngw>tD.vXt'k;uJxD.w>ql;w>qgI

w>uwdRzsX. w>olw>o.vXrHtk.oH<ud.o'D.<uFJvHR<w>qXud.vd.<w>qH.xH<p_zJ;xH<pHxd;(ZD;xkwf)<ud.qGJ.ud.o'D.<

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ng e> yX> pXR zd o.)

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w>[l;w>*JR

• o&.rk.ueJ.w>tD.vX'k;uJxD.w>ql;w>qgoh.wz.'D;wJ'k;e>yX>zdo.

• xd.o}wDR'k;eJ.zdo.vXw>tD.vXtM>*H>M>bg'D;twM>*H>M>bg

• o&.rk.uoHuG>uhRzdo.vXw>tD.vXtwM>*H>M>bgwz.rh>rEkRwz.vJ.

=w>CJRyl=b.C;w>tD.wM>*H>M>bg< w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIIII

=w>o;0H. = w>o;0H.vXb.xGJIIIIIIIIII

=xg = xgzdvXb.xGJIIIIIII

w>CJRyl< w>o;0H.< xg&l;t*RvXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdtcd.oh. = 4 *H>cD.xH;w>*H>w>'G;=Mathematic

w>rRvdt'h= 1 (u)*H>cD.xH;eD.*H>zsX.

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.*H>'D;yJmz;eDRz; eD.*H>zsX.tvk>tyShRoh

♠ unDusdm 1=20

♠ udRvRusdm 1-20

♠ y,DRusdm 1=20

♠ uohz; 1=wX wkR 20=cHqH

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31

♠ 1-one to 20- twenty

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• eD.*H>zsX.Ckm'D;vHmy’X;tzsX.

• w>*JRvdmuGJ(games)

w>vXub. rRvd 1-20

w>[l; w> *JR

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ub.'k;eJ.z;pXR 1=20unDusdm< 1-20udRvRusdm< 1=20 y,DRudsmyH.yH.usgusg

ub.'k;eJ.eD.*H>vXvHmuhzdylR

vdmuGJpXRzdo.w>vdmuGJvXtb.xGJ'D;eD.*H>

w>[l;w>*JRtvHmubsH;=xd.o}wDRpXReD.*H>zsX.'D;tvk>tyShR(vHm'k;eJ.txX.< w>yD;w>vD'f trh>vX>zd< eD.uhzd<w>csHw>o.)

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rXzdo.uGJ;bH.rJmeD.*H>tzsX.

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=w>o;0H. =wXwkRwqH

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w>o;0H.xg&l;w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIII

(c)w> *H>w>'G;vXtwy.'D;w>zdw>vHR

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.z;eD>*H>zsX.'D;uG>eD.uG>Cg (1=20)

w>yD; w> vD w>*DRvHmuhzd < vHmuGJ;ym( Chart) < w> *JR vdm uGJ

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32

*RvJ. 'D;zJ zdo.*H>0Jrh>wb.M.o&.rk.uwJ 'k;oh.nguhRtDR

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wb. o&.rk. uwJ 'k;oh.nguhRtDR

(C)w>oh.ngwd>eD.CmeD.*H>zsX.wz.

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.*H>wd>eD.eD.*H>zsX.oh 1= 20<1-20

w>yD; w>vD vHmuGJ;ym(Chart)< vHm'k;eJ.txX.(Porket Chart),eD.*H>tvHmuh

w>[l;w> *JR

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uhR 0JvHm uhzdvX t [H; 0JteD.*H>

w>vdmuGJ =o&.rk.ueDRz;zdo.vXtu&l>0HR'D;o&.rk.uwJe>yX>w>vXzdo.ub.rR0J0HRo&.rk.uym usJ.usDeD.*H>zsX. t

vHmuhoX pl. (1= 20)zdo.vXtxX0HRqdwu&l>[h.*H>[h.bgw>'Jpk

=w> o; 0H.=wXcHoXvGH>,J>CkeGHCd;cGHwqH<

w>o;0H.<xg&l;<w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIIII

(i)eD.*H>zsX.'D;t vk>ty hSR

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.uG>eD.eD.*H>zsX.'D;'k;b.xGJ'D;tvk>tyShR 1 =20oh

w>yD; w>vD w>zdw>vHReD>uD><w>zdw>vHRteD.*H>tvHmuhzd< eD.uh< w>'Xtcd.uX>< eD.*H>zsX.tvHmuhzd<eD.*H>tvk>tyShR t

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w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwhM>0JeD.*H>tvHmuhzd'D;tvk>tyShR 1 =20 <1-20

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wXRoXbh. )

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w> u vk> vXySRvXtpdmeD.*H>zsX.M.ub.[JxD.Ckm'D; ySRvXtpdmeD.*H>tvk>tyShR(t'd=o&.rk.uud;xD. eD.*H> wzsX.zsX.)

=w>o;0H. =zdo.w*R[Jql,td.

w>o;0H.<xg&l;<w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h =2 w>ymzSd. (š)

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.oh.ng0Jw>ymzSd.tyeD. (š)

w>yD; w>vD eD.*H>tvHmuh< w>o; 0H.< w>*DRvHmuhzdymCkm'D;tvk>tyShR

w>vXub.rRvd w>ymzSd.tyeD.< eD>*H> 1 = 20

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uwJmuwDRCmM>0Jw>*DRvHmuhzd (1 =20)w>zdw>vHRwcgwkRvXtcgcH qH

1 š1]2< 2 š2]4< 4 š4]8< wkRvXcHqH

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33

'. (3) 0HR 'D; eD.*H>cHzsX.ymzSd.uhR0Jtd.0J'.(1š3]4)

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w>o;0H.<xg&l;<w>CJRylt*RvXb.xGJIIIIIIIIIII

w>rRvdt'h=3 w>xk;uGHm (=)

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w>vX ub. rRvd w>u0DRusDR< eX.b.vGH>uelRCl< eX.b.cHuelRCl < eX.b.oXuelRCl

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.u'k;oh.ngqdzdo.w>tuh>t*DR'D;ud;'k;oh.ngtrHRCkm'D;w>*DRtvHmuhzdvXudRvRusdm'D;unDusdm

(o&.rk.uud;udRvRusdmyH.yH.usgusg)

whvDRM>tDRw>tuh>t*DRvXvHmubsH;0gz;vJ>ylR[h.vDRzdo.w>tuh>t*DR<[h.vDRtw>*DRvHmuh0HRrXzdo.vJRxd.o}wDR

Page 38: b.w>uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.tDR vX unDydmrk.u&XvD>cX.o; · 2 w>rrvdcd.wdwz. ubsh;yr w>uwdrvxngiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii w>rrvdcd.oh.(1)udsm

38

w>*DRvXt 'H; od; vdmo;w*Rb.w*R

o&.rk.uymusJ.usD w>tuh>t*DRvHmuhzd0HRo&.rk.urXzdo.xXxD.vHmuhzdw*Rwbh.<zdo.vXtxXM>vHmuhzdrh>'H;od;

vdmo; u td. wylRCD

whM>w>tuh>t*DR'D;rRoJ.z;uGHmoXuhrhwrh>vGH>uh'D;rXzdo.xDb.uhR(puzzle)

w>o;0H.=u0DRqH;qH;u0DRz;'d.

w>o;0H.<w>CJRyl<xg&l;vXb.xGJ'D;w>od.vdIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Ckoh.ngw>t'dzdwz.(Patterns)-Algebra

w>ynd. ♠ zdo.uohqdurd.'D;'k;td.zsgxD.uhRw>t'dvXw>ymvDRCmM.tDR,J>cgoh.wz.

w>yD; w>vD Pattern

• Objectives – 3cg=5cg

• Colours-3cgwkR5cg

• Number =3cg=5cg

w>*DRtvHmuhzd (xGH.<qD< o.rHnDR<xd.'h.<w>oXeX.<q.< eX.b.cHuElRCl< eX.b.vGH>uElRCl< w>

u 0DR usDR IIIII)pX>bd< vHm<yedbsX< pX>bdtvGJ>< oh.v.

w>vXub.oh.ng w>tuh>t*DRzdwz.

w>[l; w> *JR

o&.rk.uuwJmuwDRCmM>w>*DR

uwJmuwDRCmM>w>tuh>t*DRtw>*DR'D;ymvDRM>z do.'D;'k;eJ.zd o.wz.t'd

olw>yD;w>vDvXt*RvXtrh>w>*DRw>zD.rhwrh>w>csHvXtvGJ>vDRqDvdmo;

[h.vDRymw>*DR< rXzdo.xk; xD.tvGJ>( t'd=tbD< t*DR< tol<0HRtbD< t*DR< tol )

whM>xd.'h.<xd;<xGH.<qD'D;t*kRt*Rt*DRvXvHmubsH;tylR'D;rXzdo.wydmuhRtcH

whw>tuh>t*DRwz.rXzdo.xk;tvGJ>'D;rXtwHmuhRw>t' dz dwz.vXx;&H;'D;rXzdo.ym&J.vDRuhRw>wcgb.w cgvXw>

vGJ>vXtxk;0J (t 'd§tC; < tvg[h< tvgtJ;< t*DR< tol)