27
By the name of Him

By the name of Him

  • Upload
    oprah

  • View
    21

  • Download
    2

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

By the name of Him. Bam’s earthquack. The Bam Citadel was considered one of the best surviving mud citadels before the quake. Most of it was demolished , including a large square tower. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: By the name of Him

By the name of Him

Page 3: By the name of Him

The Bam Citadel was considered one of the

best surviving mud citadels before the quake.

Most of it was demolished, including a large

square tower.

Electricity and water supplies were cut by

the earthquake. At least 29 serious

aftershocks struck Bam following the main

shock

، زلزله از های بم ارگقبل ارگ بهترین از گلییکی

. آن،شامل از اعظمی قسمت میشد درنظرگرفته باقیمانده

برج شکل چهارگوشهیک .تخریبمربع شد

. منابع تکان بدنبال بودند شده قطع زلزله بدلیل آب و برق

حداقل ، را 29اصلی بم خطرناک حمله پسلرزه مورد

داد .قرار

Page 4: By the name of Him

Earthquake surface rupture along the

old fault on the road between Bam and

Baravat has been created. along the old

fault, between the upper and lower fault

zone, the height difference is about 10

meters.

زلزله اثر امتداد گسيختگي ، در در گسلسطحي

شده ايجاد بروات و بم ميان جاده روي بر قديمي

و. باال منطقة دو بين قديمي، گسل امتداد در است

حدود ارتفاعي اختالف گسل، ايجاد 10پايين متر

است .گرديده

Page 5: By the name of Him

At least 26,271 people were killed and 30,000

injured.

The quake occurred at 5:26 AM Iran Standard

Time on December 26, 2003. Its epicenter was

roughly 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of the

ancient city of Bam. Maximum intensities were

at Bam and Baravat, with the most damage

concentrated within the 16 kilometres (10 mi)

radius around the city

و 26271حداقل کشته زمین . 30000نفر شدند مجروح نفر

، در 5:26لرزه ، ایران وقت به اتفاق 2003دسامبر 26بامداد

تقریبأ . زلزله این مرکز جنوب ( 6کیلومتری )10افتاد مایلی

. ماکزیمم بود بم تاریخی شهر با شدتغرب بود بروات و بم در

در که خرابی اطراف ( 10کیلومتری )16 شعاعبیشترین مایلی

. بود شده متمرکز شهر

Page 6: By the name of Him

Eighty-five to ninety percent of buildings and

infrastructure in the Bam area were either

damaged or destroyed, with 75% of houses being

completely destroyed, plus 70-90% of Bam's

residential areas. This left an estimated 100,000

homeless

و 90تا 85 ساختمانها از آسیب زیرسازیدرصد یا بم منطقه در

، شدند تخریب یا و بعالوه% 75دیده ها مناطق% 90-70خانه

بر . مسکونی بالغ ، زلزله این شدند خراب کامل بطور بم

100000. گذاشت برجای را خانمان بی

Page 7: By the name of Him

2003 was later declared the deadliest

earthquake year globally since 1990; the

Bam earthquake contributed almost 75% of

the Earth's earthquake fatalities for that

year . In January 2004, the United Nations

estimated that a reconstruction of Bam

would cost between $700 million and $1

billion.

زلزله که شد گفته ترین 2003بعدها مهلک و ترین کشنده

سال از جهان در سال . 1990زلزله تقریبأ ، بم زلزله بود

. 75در در% بود سهیم سال آن در جهان های لرزه تلفات

که 2004ژوئن زد تخمین متحده ایاالت بین بازسازی، ، بم

تا 700 . 1میلیون داشت دربرخواهد دالرهزینه بیلیون

Page 8: By the name of Him

One reason for the large amount of

casualties was that when the walls

began to fall down, the heavy roofs

would collapse, leaving few air

pockets in them. The dust and lack of

oxygen contributed to the suffocation

of survivors

زیاد شمار دلیل وقتی تلفاتیک که بود این

های سقف ، کردند ریزش به شروع دیوارها

قرار درونشان کمی هوای های بسته که سنگین

اکسیژن . کمبود و خاک و گرد فروریختند داشت

.اشخاص کردن خفهدر نقشداشتند

Page 9: By the name of Him

Generally there was a steel structure building in the city of

Bam in two groups:

Metal frames with simple joints (articular or pod) between

frames with brick that had no lateral force resisting system.

Metal frames with lateral force resisting system (bracing or

moment frame) that most of them were bracing systems.

: است داشته وجود فلزي اسكلت ساختمان گروه دو بم شهر در a عموما

ساده ) اتصاالت داراي فلزي ميان( خورجينييا مفصليقاب‌هاي با همراه

. آجريقاب‌هاي نداشتند را جانبي نيروهاي برابر در مقاوم سيستم هيچ‌گونه كه

يا ) و بادبندي جانبي نيروهاي برابر در مقاوم سيستم با همراه فلزي قاب‌هاي

.خمشي قاب بودند( بادبندي سيستم داراي آنها اكثر كه

Page 10: By the name of Him

بم در آسيب‌ديده ساختمان‌هاي موردي بررسي

A case study of damaged buildings in Bam

Page 11: By the name of Him

Horizontal movement of the

wall due to inadequate shear

strength

بدلیل دیوار از قسمتی افقی حرکت

برشی نبودن کافی مقاومت

Page 12: By the name of Him

Remove the coil size in the

ceiling

سقف بندی کالفحذف در

Page 13: By the name of Him

Shear wall failure

دیوار برشی شکست

Page 14: By the name of Him

Shear cracks near openings

بازشوها کنار برشی ترکهای

Page 15: By the name of Him

Ceiling’s and wall’s connection

separating

سقف اتصال دیوار وجداشدن

Page 16: By the name of Him

cantilever’s Demolition of two

story building due to poor

connection

بعلت تخریب دوطبقه ساختمان کنسول

اتصال ضعف

Page 17: By the name of Him

Vertical cracks at the junction of

two walls

محل در قائم دیوار اتصالترک دو

Page 18: By the name of Him

The wall separating the

building and the reversal

of the page

و ساختمان از دیوار جداشدن

صفحه واژگونی از خارج

Page 19: By the name of Him

 wall’s out of page buckling

دیوار کمانش صفحه از خارج

Page 20: By the name of Him

Low quality materials in

vertical reinforcement

در پاببن کیفیت با مواد شناژوجود

قائم

Page 21: By the name of Him

Discontinuity between

girders and reinforcement

شناژ اتصال عدم به اصلی تیرهای

Page 22: By the name of Him

Masonry walls with low

quality

ضعیف بناییدیوارهای کیفیت با

Page 23: By the name of Him

Damage in plastered facade

گچی نمایتخریب

Page 24: By the name of Him

Removal of horizontal and

vertical reinforcement

عمودی و افقی شناژ حذف

Page 25: By the name of Him

Thus, a structure consistent with the structure and foundation, the use of light

and resistant materials, and arrangement of symmetry in this structure,

quality, good design, use of experts and the use of science and earthquake

engineering principles and laws on behalf of its It is vital that they observe,

since the only observing the proper connections, which is one of the key points

is very important work and it results more coherent behavior, the more

resistance and longer service life of buildings and other structures in the same

degree of importance are expected performance to do the result is acceptable.

مقاوم، و سبك مصالح از استفاده پي، و اسكلت با منسجم سازه يك ترتيب بارگذاري تقارن بدين در

علم سازه از استفاده همچنين متخصصو نيروهاي از استفاده مطلوب، طراحي اجرا، كيفيت ،

آنها رعايت كه است نكاتي از آن قوانين و اصول رعايت و زلزله تنها حياتيمهندسي زيرا رعايتاست،

رفتار آن نتيجة و دارد مهمي بسيار اثر مي‌باشد كليدي نكات از يكي كه اتصاالت، مطلوب اجراي

در منسجم‌تر كه سازه ديگر نقاط ترتيب همين به و مي‌باشد سازه طوالني‌تر عمر و بيشتر مقاومت ،

حاصل یکساناهميت‌هاي هدرج قبولي قابل نتيجه تا مي‌دهند انجام را انتظار مورد عملكرد مي‌باشند،

آيد.

Page 26: By the name of Him

Contains earthquake was not so much power so you know, that

such destruction, and defects in manufacture and design of

structures is a fundamental weakness.

Finally, according to experts, such as earthquakes in the past

earthquakes something but did not prove the necessity of

applying the science of earthquake engineering.

چنين اين كه نبود قدرتي چنان داراي فوق زمين‌لرزه مي‌دانيد طوري‌كه كند به ، كشتار

.ساختدر نقصو است بوده اساسي ضعف سازه‌ها طراحي و

گفته به نهايت، , کارشناساندر گذشته زمين‌لرزه‌هاي همچون زمين‌لرزه اين در ،

زلزله مهندسي علم كاربرد لزوم جز .اثباتچيزي نشد

Page 27: By the name of Him

WITH THE BEST WISHES FOR U!