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From the SelectedWorks of Abdelaziz M. A. Ramadan January 2007 Byzantine Conversion Policy against the Arab Muslims 7th-11th centuries (in Arabic) Contact Author Start Your Own SelectedWorks Notify Me of New Work Available at: hp://works.bepress.com/abdelazizramadan/2

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  • From the SelectedWorks of Abdelaziz M. A.Ramadan

    January 2007

    Byzantine Conversion Policy against the ArabMuslims 7th-11th centuries (in Arabic)

    ContactAuthor

    Start Your OwnSelectedWorks

    Notify Meof New Work

    Available at: http://works.bepress.com/abdelazizramadan/2

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    32 3 31985 161-176. )2( Simeonova, L., In Depths of Tenth-Century Byzantine Ceremonials:

    The Treatment of Arab Prisoners of War at Imperial Banquets, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 22(1998), pp.75-104.

    )3( Reinert, S.W., The Muslim Presence in Constantinople, 9th -15th: Some Preliminary Observations, Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire, eds. H.Ahrweiler & A.E. Laiou, Washington, D.C., 1998, pp.125-150. esp. 125.

    )4( Ibid, p.126. )5( Nicol, M.D., Symbiosis and Integration: Some Greco-Latin Families

    in Byzantium in 11th to 13th Centuries, Byzantinische Forschungen 7(1979), pp.113-135, esp. pp.118-119.

    )6( Nicol, M.D., Mixed Marriages in Byzantium in the 13th, Studies in Church History, eds. C.W.Dugmore & C.Duggan, I, London, 1964, pp.160-202; Kolbaba, T.M., Conversion From Greek Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism in the 14th Century, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 19(1995), pp.120-134.

    )7( Brand, Ch.B., Turkish Element in Byzantium, 11th and 12th Centuries, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 43(1989), pp.1-26.

    )8( ED: 3*"0 2 47b b .3 :Vlasto, A., The Entry of the Slaves into Christendom, Cambridge, 1970; Dvornik, F., Byzantine Missions Among the Slavs, New Jersey, 1970; Christou, P., The Missionary Task of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantina 3(1971), pp.279-286; Moore, E.H., Medieval Byzantine and Latin Missions: An Analytical Comparison of Theology and Methods, M.A. thesis, California State University, 1980; Scott, S.N., The Collapse of the

  • Moravian Mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, the Fate of their Disciple, and the Christianization of the Southern Slavs: Translations of Five Historical Texts with Notes and Commentary, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, 1989.

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    Canard, M., Quelques ct de histoire des relations entre Byzance et les Arabs, Studi medievali in onore di Giorgio Levi Della Vida, Roma, 1956, pp.98-119, esp.106-109. repr. Idem, Byzance et les musulmans du Proche Orient, London, 1973. no.XV; Idem, Les relations politiques et sociales entre Byzance et les Arabs, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18(1964), pp.35-56, esp.42-43.

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    )34( Constantine Porphyrogenitus , De cerimoniis , p. 767 . )35( Ibid , pp.726-727. )36( Ibid , p.768. )37( Ibid , pp.776-778. . 3 3: S3 3G 3%hetaireia $%

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    Choniates , N., O City of Byzantium : Annals of Niketas Choniates , trans. H.J.Magoulias , Detroit , 1984, pp.121-124 ; Clermont-Ganneau , Ancient ritual grec pour abjuration des Musulmans dans glise grecque Recueil archologie orientale 7(1906) 254-7 ; Ebersolt , J., Un nouveau manuscript sur le ritual abjuration des Musulmans dans glise grecque , Revue de histoire des religions 54 (1906)231-2 , Sahas , D., Ritual of Conversion from Islam to the Byzantine Church . Twelfth century Greek Orthodox Theological Review 36(1991)57-69; Vryonis, S.,Byzantine Attitudes toward Islam during the Late Middle Ages , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 12/2(1971),pp.263-286, esp.272-273 ; Abou-Seada , Byzantium and

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  • )44( The Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Strategy , in : Three Byzantine Military Treatises , ed.& trans. G.T.Dennis, Washington, D.C., 1985, pp.10-135, esp.p.121.

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    R R2 Mn $% K +, 7 3m : 3 7. ""-.2 m,0A7 78.Treadgold, Byzantine Revival, p.283; Anonymous Book

    on Tactics, p.263. no.1

    )132( Genesios, The Reigns, p.50. K ,7 M( 35 235 42 B: 333-34.

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    )135( Cedrenus, G., Historiarum Compendium, II, ed. I. Bekker, CSHB, 1839, p.602.

    )136( The Praecepta Militaria of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (963-969), in: Sowing the Dragons Teeth: Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century, trans. E.McGeer, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp.12-59, esp.51; The Taktika of Nikephoros Ouranos, in: Sowing the Dragons Teeth: Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century, trans. E.McGeer, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp.88-163, esp.133,143-145,149; Nikephoros II, Skirmishing, in: Three Byzantine Military Treatises, trans. G.T. Dennis, Washington, D.C., 1985, pp.144-239, esp.163,293; Haldon, J., The Byzantine Wars: Battles and Campaigns of the Byzantine Era, Tempus, 2001, p.89.

    )137( Nikephoros II, Skirmishing , p.151. )138( Ioannes Cameniata, De Excidio Thessalonicensi, in: Theophanes

    Continuatus, pp.487-600. esp.508-9. )139( D $Q. K " RcC 2 326 335. )140( Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando, p.243. )141( Theophanes, The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine

    and Near Eastern History AD.284-813, trans.C.Mango& R.Scott, Oxford, 1997, p.682.

    )142( Ibid, p.575. . E!U 7,-7 E3 G- 2 3*2 + f%n 3b

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    Gero,S., Byzantine Iconoclasm during the Reign of Leo III. With Particular Attention to the Oriental Sources, Louvain, 1973, pp.189ff; Idem, Early Contacts between Byzantium and the Arab Empire: A Review and Some Reconsiderations, Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the History of Bilad Al-Sham during the early Islamic

  • Period up to 40 A.H./640A.D., ed. M.A.Bakhit, Amman, 1987, vol.I, pp.125-132, esp.129.

    )143( Ibid, pp.555,559. )144( Ibid, p.575. . f%n 3! .C d $%David 3*2 ),U !

    nspatharios f comes q-2( M8 Opsikion .Ibid,p.605. )145( Ostrogorsky, G., Les dbuts de la querelle des images, Mlanges

    Charles Diehl, I, Paris, 1930, p.235. )146( Vasiliev, A.A., The Iconoclastic Edict of the Caliph Yazid II,

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    7: ..G: .( MG l2 .3 R_m0 4 7: Vasiliev, Iconoclastic Edict, pp.23-47; Starr, J., An Iconodulic Legend and its Historical Basis, Speculum 8(1933), pp.500ff; Barnard, J.W., The Graeco-Roman and Oriental Background of the Iconoclastic

    Controversy, Leiden, 1974, pp.15-22. . k 32 3"K C7n J *2 3- G: + *Ad R k( - b0- 3

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    Islam, Judeo-Christianity and Byzantine Iconoclasm, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2(1980), pp.59ff.

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  • The Portrait of the Arab Samonas in Byzantinr Literature, Graeco-Arabica 3(1984), pp.101-108; Tougher, Sh., The Reign of Leo VI (886-912): Politics and People, Brill, 1997, pp.208-210; Ringrose,

    Perfect Servan, pp.187-188; . 123 3% 77. )150( Vita Euthymii Patriarchate CP, ed. P.Karlin-Hayter, Brussels, 1970,

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    Chronographia, p.128; Cedrenus, Historiarum Compendium, p.134; Leo Grammaticus, ,Chronographia, p.222.

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    )168( f02I D3K : +%: 48 3. "7n $% $2 f842 ."2 J0: A Historical Sermon by Gregory Dekapolites; Very

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  • M.Hakkert , 1988 , pp.1187-1209. repr. Idem , Authors and Texts in Byzantium , Aldershot ,1993, no.IX ; Tolan, J.V., Saracens: Islam in

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    )171( Vita Euthymii, p.91. )172( John Skylitzes, Empereurs, p.158. )173( Zonaras, Epitomae Historiarum, pp.451-454. )174( Rydn, Portrait of Samonas,p.105. )175( 3 43 JK 4 :Ahrweiler, H., Byzantine Concepts

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  • )179( 3 ,* 3G, 3*"0 JD 4 :Culter, A., The First Crusade and the Idea of Conversion, Muslim World 58(1986), pp57-71, 155-64; Kedar, B.Z., Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the

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    From the SelectedWorks of Abdelaziz M. A. RamadanJanuary 2007Byzantine Conversion Policy against the Arab Muslims 7th-11th centuries (in Arabic)