14
I 主编寄语 专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究 3 主持人:吴应辉 4 东南亚华语与汉语普通话异名同实词汇的量化比较研究 13 缅北掸邦华文学校本土汉语教师培训现状与需求调查分析/ 瞿玉蕾 刘晶晶 21 泰国商务汉语专业教师与教材现状、问题与对策 林美铃 王鹤楠 30 印尼三语学校华语教学现状调查与分析 卓宥佑 专业建设研究 41 从学位论文选题看汉语国际教育专业硕士人才培养 教师培养发展 53 Integration of International Chinese Language Teacher Education in the U.S. Historical Overview and Case Study François Victor Tochon, Yanli Timm (美国国际汉语教师教育整合的历史和个案研究 弗朗索瓦·维克多·涂尚, 艳梨·蒂姆汉语教学研究 75 课堂语用及其在学生语言发展中的作用 何杨纬芸 87 言语行为动词研究和对外汉语教学 综述 100 汉语二语教师研究方法述评 张海威 刘玉屏

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Page 1: 目 录 - Chinese gaiyao 2019_02.pdf · 41 Talent Cultivation of MTCSOL from the Dissertation Topic Selection / Zhou Hong Teacher Training Development 53 Integration of International

I

目 录

● 主编寄语 / 赵  杨

● 专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究

3 主持人:吴应辉

4 东南亚华语与汉语普通话异名同实词汇的量化比较研究 / 宋  飞

13 缅北掸邦华文学校本土汉语教师培训现状与需求调查分析/ 瞿玉蕾  刘晶晶

21 泰国商务汉语专业教师与教材现状、问题与对策 / 林美铃  王鹤楠

30 印尼三语学校华语教学现状调查与分析 / 卓宥佑  梁  宇

● 专业建设研究

41 从学位论文选题看汉语国际教育专业硕士人才培养 / 周  红

● 教师培养发展

53 Integration of International Chinese Language Teacher Education in the U.S. Historical

Overview and Case Study / François Victor Tochon, Yanli Timm

(美国国际汉语教师教育整合的历史和个案研究 / 弗朗索瓦·维克多·涂尚, 

艳梨·蒂姆)

● 汉语教学研究

75 课堂语用及其在学生语言发展中的作用 / 何杨纬芸  牟  蕾

87 言语行为动词研究和对外汉语教学 / 张  雁

● 综述

100 汉语二语教师研究方法述评 / 张海威  刘玉屏

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International Chinese Language Education

Volume 4, 2019 (No. 2)

Contents

■ Words from the Editor-in-Chief / Zhao Yang

■ Expert Forum: Research on Chinese Teaching in Southeast Asia3 The Coordinator: Wu Yinghui

4 Quantitative and Comparative Study on the Synonyms Between Southeast Asian Chinese and

Mandarin / Song Fei

13 Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation and Needs of Local Chinese Teachers’

Training in Chinese School of Shan State in Northern Myanmar / Nang Yu Thandar Lwin,

Liu Jingjing

21 The Status Quo, Problems and Countermeasures of Thai Business Chinese Professional

Teachers and Textbooks / Amornpraphawat Suthisa, Wang Henan

30 Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of Chinese Language Teaching in

Trilingual Schools in Indonesia / Jureynolds, Liang Yu

■ Research on Specialty Construction41 Talent Cultivation of MTCSOL from the Dissertation Topic Selection / Zhou Hong

■ Teacher Training Development53 Integration of International Chinese Language Teacher Education in the U.S. Historical

Overview and Case Study / François Victor Tochon, Yanli Timm

■ Research on Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language75 Classroom Pragmatics and Its Role in the Development of Students’ Language / Agnes He,

Mu Lei

87 Speech Act Verbs and Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language / Zhang Yan

■ Overview100 A Review of Research Methods in Studies of TCSL Teachers / Zhang Haiwei, Liu Yuping

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主编寄语

对于东南亚华侨华人华裔来说,汉语是“社区语言”(community language)、“先祖

语言”(ancestral language)或“继承语”(heritage language)。近年来学界倾向于用“继

承语”通指在内涵上与学习者存在个人、家庭或历史联系,在外延上属于社会主导语言

以外的语言。但是这个定义的内涵有些模糊,因为对所谓有历史联系的语言,你可能完

全不懂,可能只会一点点,也可能如母语般运用自如。这几种情况在不同的环境中都有

可能,而且个体差异和群体差异很大,这也是继承语研究的一个难点。

跟普通的继承语学习者相比,东南亚汉语学习者最显著的特点是其所处的多元语言

环境:因为有历史悠久的成熟的华人社区,汉语在日常生活中扮演重要角色,它甚至是

一些华裔的第一语言,而不是二语或外语。这里所说的汉语包括普通话,也包括方言。

由于汉语的广泛使用,在东南亚地区逐渐形成了不同的汉语变体,这些变体被统称为

“华语”。华语教学的特殊性在于,它不同于一般意义上的对外汉语教学或国际汉语教学,

它的具体所指是针对海外华侨华人华裔的汉语教学。

虽然华语已经成为汉语的一种变体,东南亚说华语的华侨华人华裔有几千万人之多,

但就重要性而言,汉语跟英语相比还有很大距离。伦道夫 · 夸克等人在其编撰的《英语

语法大全》(朗文公司1985年出版)中,提出四个标准来评判一种语言的重要性:其一,

看说这种语言的人数;其二,看该语言在地理上的分布,即有多少国家使用;其三,看

功能负荷,也就是用途有多广,尤其是在多大范围和程度上用于科学和文学语言;其四,

看以这种语言为本族语的人口在世界经济和文化生活中的地位和影响。就人口而言,汉

语是世界上最重要的语言,但若用地理分布等标准来衡量,其重要地位无法与英语相比。

英语在全球的分布,形成了三个圈,即本族语圈、二语圈和外语圈,并形成了各自

的变体。把英语作为本族语的国家和地区主要分布在北美、大不列颠群岛、澳大利亚、

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国际汉语教育(中英文) 第 4 卷 2019 年第 2 期

新西兰、加勒比海国家和南非。许多国家把英语作为第二语言,有几十个国家把英语作

为官方语言,在一些国家英语是官方语言之一(如印度),在另一些国家(如西非的尼日

利亚等)则是唯一官方语言。除了本族语圈和二语圈外,其他国家和地区就是把英语作

为外语的区域。英语在本族语圈、二语圈和外语圈形成了各种变体:本族语变体如英国

英语、美国英语、澳大利亚英语;二语变体如印度英语、新加坡英语;作为外语的变体

更多,如中国英语、日本英语。这些变体是英语作为世界通用语的生动写照。

吴英成、林惜莱(2009)(《汉语国际传播:全球语言视角》,载于《汉语教学学刊》

第5辑)等学者根据英语的三圈,把汉语也分为三圈,即内圈、中圈和外圈:内圈包括

中国的大陆和台湾地区,汉语是全民通用语,汉语教学是本族语教学;中圈即海外华人

区,由于汉语在日常生活中发挥重要作用,汉语教学是继承语教学或二语教学;外圈是

非华人区,外圈的汉语教学是外语教学。根据这一分类标准,东南亚地区由于华人多,

汉语用途广,属于中圈。

英语和汉语虽然都有三圈,而且大致对应,但每一圈的差别都很大。虽然汉语内圈

也是本族语圈,但其内部的复杂程度,是英语本族语圈无法比拟的。英语作为本族语,

无论其变体是什么,至少相互交流没问题。而汉语内圈方言众多,有些方言间的语音差

异很大,甚至会出现彼此无法交流的情况。汉语中圈与英语二语圈相比,最大的区别在

于英语是官方语言,而汉语只是通用语之一,尽管二者都形成了变体,如印度英语和马

来西亚汉语。外圈也有很大区别,英语外圈由于学习人数众多,形成了英语变体,而汉

语外圈尚未发现这样的变体。

按照英语三圈和变体的标准,汉语传播之路还很漫长。在信息化和人工智能强势来

临的时代,汉语能否形成像英语那样的二语圈和外语圈,也是一个值得探讨的问题。

2019年5月

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专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究/东南亚汉语教学研究

专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究

东南亚汉语教学研究

主持人:吴应辉  北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院

东南亚汉语传播在全球汉语传播体系中具有大众性、典型性、引领性。大众性是指东南

亚华侨华人人口众多,学习汉语的人数也十分可观,而且学习汉语的群体涵盖该地区各行各

业、各种社会群体和各个年龄层次。从汉语教学的大众性方面来看,目前世界上没有任何一

个地区可与之相比。典型性主要体现在:马来西亚、新加坡、泰国北部、缅甸北部和越南南

部鲜明的华文教育特征,泰国汉语作为外语教学快速发展特征,新加坡“脱华转英”现象,

缅甸至今尚未解决汉语教学的合法性,印尼、泰国、越南、缅甸、菲律宾华文教学发展中多

次遭受打压的历史相似性特征。引领性主要体现在:泰国在二十一世纪以来汉语的快速传播,

马来西亚从幼儿园到高等教育完整的华文教育体系,泰国、印尼从禁止汉语教学到全面开放

的汉语教学政策,东南亚各国对孔子学院(孔子课堂)、汉语教师志愿者的普遍欢迎态度,

汉语在东南亚主要国家良好的传播效果。因此,东南亚汉语国际传播相关选题研究乃学术价

值与应用价值兼顾的研究领域,是汉语国际传播研究的富矿。本专题的四篇论文中,三篇为

东南亚汉语传播中的国别问题研究,涉及缅甸、泰国、印尼,一篇为东南亚华语词汇与汉语

普通话词汇的专题比较研究,在东南亚汉语传播研究领域做出了有益探索。论文一手资料丰

富、数据翔实,体现出很强的实证性,为东南亚汉语传播的国别比较研究提供了参照。

东南亚汉语传播的专题比较研究是一个非常值得深入拓展的研究领域。汉语教学政策在

东南亚各国的发展比较研究,华人移民对汉语和中华文化在东南亚传播的影响研究,东南

亚各国汉语教学要素、层次、规模和汉语传播项目比较研究,东南亚汉语教学类型比较研

究,东南亚汉语传播与中国—东南亚经贸的相关性比较研究,东南亚汉语传播对该地区中国

软实力提升的影响研究,等等,这些专题均为颇具研究价值的选题方向,可供课题申报、学

位论文选题及其他研究选题时参考。希望今后有更多的学者开展东南亚汉语传播的国别比较

研究。

专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究

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国际汉语教育(中英文) 第 4 卷 2019 年第 2 期

东南亚华语与汉语普通话异名同实词汇的量化

比较研究

宋 飞 北京第二外国语学院汉语学院

提  要  本文提出华语社区间的差异词汇包括异名同实词、同名异实词、特有华语词三种,

并界定了它们的概念,理清了它们之间的关系。之后基于《全球华语词典》建立

数据库,依据上述概念和关系,提取出了900个东南亚华语与汉语普通话异名同

实词,并从国别与区域分布、数量情况、外语及汉语方言词源分布、词类与词长、

义类范畴五个维度,对这些异名同实词进行了量化比较研究。研究发现,同名异

实词和异名同实词之间有时存在交叉关系;泰国、新加坡、马来西亚的异名同实

词数量显著高于其他东南亚国家;大部分异名同实词都是一对一的关系;异名同

实词的外语来源主要为英语、泰语、马来语,汉语方言来源为粤方言、闽方言、

吴方言;异名同实词中名词最多,双音节词最多;异名同实词的义类范畴主要集

中于具体物、抽象物、生物、社会活动。

关键词  东南亚华语;普通话;异名同实词

Abstract This paper puts forward that the different vocabulary among Chinese communities includes three kinds: synonyms, homonyms and exclusive words, defines their concepts and clarifies their relations. Based on the “Global Chinese Dictionary”, this paper establishes a database and extracts 900 synonyms between Southeast Asian Chinese and Mandarin through the study on the definitions of synonyms, homonyms, exclusive words and the relations among them. Then it conducts a quantitative and comparative study on those words from the dimensions of countries and regions, the quantities of synonyms, the sources from foreign languages and Chinese dialects, the lexical categories and word lengths, and the semantic categories. The study finds that sometimes there exists cross relations between homonyms and synonyms; most synonyms are used in Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia; most synonyms are in one-to-one relation; the main foreign language sources of synonyms are English, Thai and Malay, and the main Chinese dialect sources are the Guangdong dialect, Fujian dialect and Wu dialect; most synonyms are nouns and disyllabic words; most synonyms belong to the concrete matter, the abstraction, the living beings and the social activities.

Key words Southeast Asian Chinese; Mandarin; synonym

* 本文为国家社科基金重点课题“东南亚汉语传播的国别比较研究”(项目编号:14AYY011)和北京市社会科学基金课题“国际汉语教学

词汇五维分级指标体系及分级词库建设研究”(项目编号:16YYC028)研究成果。

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专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究/缅北掸邦华文学校本土汉语教师培训现状与需求调查分析

缅北掸邦华文学校本土汉语教师培训现状

与需求调查分析

瞿玉蕾 中央民族大学国际教育学院

刘晶晶 中央民族大学国际教育学院 /沈阳师范大学国际教育学院

提  要  缅甸本土汉语教师是汉语在缅甸北部传播的主要力量,高质量的教师培训有助于

提高缅北地区汉语教师队伍的整体素质。通过对缅北掸邦五所华文学校本土汉语

教师的培训现状与培训需求进行调查,笔者了解到本土汉语教师对培训的真实需

求,发现目前缅北掸邦本土教师培训中存在缺少实践性内容、缺乏互动等问题。

本文从教师需求出发,探究满足本土汉语教师多种需求的培训模式,在培训目标、

培训方案、培训体系、培训内容、培训形式、培训过程等方面提出建议,为今后

缅甸本土汉语教师的培训提供参考。

关键词  缅北掸邦华文学校;本土汉语教师;培训现状;培训需求;调查分析

Abstract Local Chinese teachers are the main force in spreading Chinese in northern Myanmar. Effective teacher training helps to improve the overall quality of Chinese teachers in northern Myanmar. By investigating the current situation and needs of local Chinese teachers’ training in five Shan State Chinese language schools in northern Myanmar, it is found that there is a lack of practical content and interaction in the training of local teachers. On this basis, this paper explores the training mode to meet the needs of local Chinese teachers. Suggestions on training objectives, training programs, training system, training content, training forms and training process are put forward, so as to provide references for the future training of local Chinese teachers in Myanmar.

Key words Chinese school of Shan State in northern Myanmar; local Chinese teacher; current situation of training; needs of training; investigation and analysis

* 本文为国家社科基金重点项目“东南亚汉语传播的国别比较研究”(项目编号:14AYY011)成果之一。

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专家主题论坛:东南亚汉语教学研究/泰国商务汉语专业教师与教材现状、问题与对策

泰国商务汉语专业教师与教材现状、问题与对策

林美铃 中央民族大学国际教育学院

王鹤楠 中央民族大学国际教育学院

提  要  中泰商贸交流历史悠久,随着中国经济飞速发展,两国经贸往来日益频繁,双

方商务交流不断扩大。社会对商务汉语人才的需求开始凸显,但泰国教育部高

等教育委员会尚未公布统一的汉语教学高等教育资格架构(Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education of Chinese,也称为TQF-1标准),商务汉语教学缺

少全国性课程大纲标准,每所大学各自设置课程,随意性较大,培养出的人才良

莠不齐,无法满足企业需求。有鉴于此,本文聚焦泰国高校商务汉语教育发展现状,

通过实地调研,分析其存在的问题,为泰国商务汉语教育发展提出自己的建议。

关键词  泰国;商务汉语专业;教师与教材

Abstract China and Thailand have a long history of economic and trade exchanges. With the rapid development of China’s economy, the exchanges between the two countries have become increasingly frequent, and the business scale between the two sides has continued to expand. The demand for business Chinese talents began to highlight, but the council for higher education has not announced the Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education of Chinese. Business Chinese teaching lacks national syllabus standards. Each university randomly has its own curriculum, which is random. The talents that come out are not good enough to meet the needs of enterprises. In view of this, this paper focuses on the status quo of business Chinese in Thai universities, analyzes its existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions for the development of business Chinese education in Thailand through field research.

Key words Thailand; business Chinese; teacher and textbook

* 本文为国家社科基金重点项目“东南亚汉语传播的国别比较研究”(项目编号:14AYY011)成果之一。

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国际汉语教育(中英文) 第 4 卷 2019 年第 2 期

印尼三语学校华语教学现状调查与分析

卓宥佑 中央民族大学国际教育学院

梁 宇 高等教育出版社 /中央民族大学国际教育学院

提  要  由印尼华人于二十一世纪创办的三语学校已成为印尼华语传播与发展的重要力量。

本文对印尼三语学校的创办背景进行了简要梳理,采用田野调查分析法对印尼十

所三语学校的“一课三教”现状进行了详细分析。最后,对印尼三语学校华语教

学发展提出相关建议:以课时、目标、标准的“三个统一”缓解华语课程“漂浮

状态”;以“职业化、专业化、本土化”模式培养“超本土”汉语教师与“超级”

本土教师;以“幼儿园自编教材、小学综合性教材、初高中主题式教材”组合贯

连的方式应对各教学阶段的“教材中断”现象;以“本+外”“解释+互动”相结

合的教学模式保障印尼三语学校华语教学质量。

关键词  印尼三语学校;华语教学;一课三教;田野调查

Abstract Trilingual schools founded by Indonesian Chinese in the 21st century have become an important force in the Chinese spreading in Indonesia. After a brief review of the background of the establishment of Indonesian trilingual schools, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the current situation of “One Lesson and Three Teachings” in ten Indonesian trilingual schools by means of field investigation and analysis. Afterwards, some suggestions are put forward for the development of Chinese language teaching in Indonesian trilingual schools: to solve the “floating” problem of Chinese curriculum with the principle of “three unification”; to train “super-native” Chinese teachers and “super” native teachers with the mode of “professionalization, specialization and localization”; to deal with the phenomenon of “interruption” existing in the use of Chinese textbooks in various teaching stages in a coherent way of “self-compiled textbooks for kindergartens, comprehensive textbooks for primary schools and thematic textbooks for junior and senior middle schools”; to adapt to the current transformation characteristics of Indonesian Chinese teaching with the teaching mode of combining “original plus external” and “explanation plus interaction”.

Key words Indonesian trilingual school; Chinese teaching; One Lesson and Three Teachings; field investigation

* 本文为国家社科基金重点项目“东南亚汉语传播的国别比较研究”(项目编号:14AYY011)成果之一。

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专业建设研究/从学位论文选题看汉语国际教育专业硕士人才培养

从学位论文选题看汉语国际教育专业硕士

人才培养

周 红 上海财经大学国际文化交流学院

提  要  汉语国际教育硕士专业以培养国际汉语教师为目标,学位论文是体现培养质量的

重要环节。统计发现,基于第二语教学的汉语与文化、学习者因素与学习策略、

中华文化与跨文化交际、课堂管理、教师职业发展等方面的选题欠缺,调查报告、

案例分析等形式少,一定程度上反映了人才培养的实践性不够充分,需要从选题

更契合新时期发展需求、学科理论体系亟待建立、师资力量与教学模式充分转型、

课程以国际汉语教师职业发展为导向、加强实证研究指导与训练、学制平衡学位

论文与教育实践等方面推进。

关键词  汉语国际教育硕士;学位论文选题;写作形式;人才培养;实证研究

Abstract MTCSOL (Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages) aims to cultivate international Chinese teachers, and the dissertation is an important link to reflect the quality of the training. The statistics showed a lack of research on Chinese language and culture based on second language teaching, learner factors and learning strategies, Chinese culture and intercultural communication, classroom management, and teacher career development, and a shortage of the writing form of investigation report and case analysis. The conclusion to a certain extent reflects the practice of TCSOL education is not enough. Therefore, this paper argues that talent cultivation should consider the following aspects: choosing the topic to meet the needs of the development of the new period, the establishment of disciplinary theory system, the full transformation of teaching staff and teaching mode, the curriculum guided by the professional development of the teachers in the international Chinese language, strengthening the guidance and training of empirical research, and balancing the conflict between dissertations and teaching practice in the academic system.

Key words MTCSOL; dissertation topic selection; writing form; talent cultivation; empirical research

* 本文为上海财经大学课题“汉语国际教育硕士专业学位人才培养模式”(课题编号:2014110885)的阶段性成果之一。

专业建设研究

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教师培养发展/IntegrationofInternationalChineseLanguageTeacherEducationintheU.S.HistoricalOverviewandCaseStudy

Integration of International Chinese Language Teacher Education in the U.S. Historical Overview and Case Study

François Victor Tochon, Yanli Timm School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Abstract This article reviews policies on the teaching of foreign languages in U.S. K–12 schools and the challenges of teacher education in this area. It reports on the developments of a highly ranked teacher education program and its adaptation during the last two decades, explores the integration of a K–12 teacher certification for international Chinese language teacher education, and finally proposes some feasible programs on how to solve the dilemma.

Key words international Chinese language education; teacher education; integration; case study

提  要  本文回顾了美国K–12外语教学政策和在这个领域里教师教育所面临的挑战。另

外,本文还以一个美国著名公立大学的美国教师教育项目(该项目二十多年来稳

居美国同类项目前列)为例,报告了二十年来该项目的发展以及改编,探究了

K–12国际汉语教师教育和资格认证的整合和改革, 并对当前所面临的困境提出了

可行的解决方案 。

关键词  国际汉语教育;教师教育;整合;案例研究

教师培养发展

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汉语教学研究/课堂语用及其在学生语言发展中的作用

课堂语用及其在学生语言发展中的作用

何杨纬芸 美国纽约州立大学石溪分校多语言跨文化研究中心 /亚洲和亚美研究系

牟 蕾 华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院

提  要  本文在回顾语用和课堂语用概念的基础上,通过案例分析,聚焦听说读写等教学

活动(传递信息、组织讨论、发布指令、测试评估、纠错反馈、课上答疑)中师

生的语用特点,着重探究下列话语特点:话语结构上的取舍,合作完成的话轮,

多声话语,“启动—反馈—评估”语链,“定位—评估—指令”语链,师生“专

家—学徒”身份的动态变化,以及师生文化身份的定位。通过分析进一步阐明课

堂环境下师生的话语运用结构对语言教学、学生语言发展、语用学理论完善的重

要意义。

关键词  课堂话语;语用;汉语教学;输入和互动

Abstract After a brief overview of pragmatics and classroom pragmatics, we will examine a range of pedagogical activities such as giving information, conducting class discussions, issuing directives, providing assessments and error corrections, and addressing students’ questions in the context of teaching pronunciation, writing, reading, listening, speaking and grammar. We will pay special attention to the following discourse features: sequential deletion, collaborative completion, re-voicing, routinized sequences such as IRE (initiation–response–evaluation) and OED (orientation–evaluation–directive), dynamic change of the identity of “expert–apprentice” and the orientation of teachers’ and students’ cultural identity. We will argue that it is not merely what the teacher and student say but also the the discourse structure of what the teacher and student say that has great significance for improving language teaching, students’ language proficiency and the theory of pragmatics.

Key words classroom discourse; pragmatics; Chinese language teaching; input and interaction

汉语教学研究

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汉语教学研究/言语行为动词研究和对外汉语教学

言语行为动词研究和对外汉语教学

张 雁 北京大学对外汉语教育学院

提  要  本文以对外汉语教学为视角,对言语行为动词进行了界定,给出了成词条件和形

式标志,认为言语行为动词是一个家族相似性范畴,并将之分为行事动词、说话

动词和拟音动词三类。本文选取两个表情类行事动词,调查了它们在三部学习词

典中的处理情况,发现这些词典在释义、示例、同义词辨析,尤其是语用信息说

明方面都有待完善。之后,分析了英语母语者学习汉语言语行为动词的偏误实例,

分析表明,为搞好对外汉语词汇教学,要重视跨语言比较研究,重视词汇的语义

特征和语用信息的说明。最后,提出了几个值得进一步深入探讨的问题。

关键词  言语行为动词;言语行为;语义特征;语用信息;对外汉语教学

Abstract From the perspective of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL), this paper defines the Speech Act Verb (SAV), gives the conditions of being SAV and the syntactic marks, and considers that SAVs are a family similarity category, which can be divided into three types: Illocutionary verbs, Locutionary verbs and Phonically descriptive verbs. This paper chooses two expressive verbs from the Illocutionary verbs and investigates their processing in three learning dictionaries. It is found that these dictionaries need to be improved in terms of interpretation, example, synonym discrimination, especially in terms of pragmatic information description. After that, it analyses some examples of errors made by native English speakers in learning Chinese SAVs. The analysis shows that in order to improve vocabulary teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, we should attach importance to cross-linguistic comparative study and the explanation of semantic features and pragmatic information of vocabulary. Finally, several issues deserving of further discussion are put forward.

Key words Speech Act Verb; speech act; semantic feature; pragmatic information; TCFL

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国际汉语教育(中英文) 第 4 卷 2019 年第 2 期

汉语二语教师研究方法述评

张海威 刘玉屏 中央民族大学国际教育学院

提  要  本文对国内有关汉语教师的研究文章所使用的研究方法做了述评。所选文章限于

国内汉语教学界影响较大的四本期刊,共79篇,时间跨度为1989—2018年。研究

主要发现:①汉语教师研究的范式经历了从论述研究为主到实证研究为主的发展

过程;②在实证研究中,汉语教师研究的数据收集方法以量性方式为主,质性研

究和混合研究很少;③在量性研究中,使用最多的数据统计方法是 t检验。存在

的问题主要是量性研究和质性研究比例失衡,数据收集和统计分析方法相对单一,

且多有不规范之处。最后,本文从拓展和规范量性、质性和混合研究,加强研究

方法课程建设,以及制定相关研究指南与规范三个角度提出建议。希望本文对汉

语教师研究的规范化和科学化有一定的参考意义。

关键词  汉语教育;汉语教师;研究方法;统计分析

Abstract This article reviewed the research methods in studies of teachers of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL) in China. Seventy-nine relevant published articles were selected from four influential journals, ranging from 1989 to 2018. There were three main findings. First, the research trend in studies of TCSL teachers had progressed from speculative fashion to empirical fashion. Second, quantitative methods dominated the empirical studies, and far less research using qualitative methods or mixed-methods was conducted. Third, t-test was the most popular statistical analysis method in quantitative studies. However, limitations were also observed in the unbalanced use of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies, the unstandardized use of data collection and data analysis methods in empirical studies, as well as the unstandardized formats in reporting data and results. We put forward three suggestions in terms of broadening and standardizing the carry-out of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies, upgrading the status of research methods courses, and designing guidelines in conducting studies of TCSL teachers.

Key words Chinese language education; TCSL teacher; research method; statistical analysis

综述

* 本文为国家社科基金重大项目“汉语国际传播数据库建设及发展监测研究”(项目编号:17ZDA306)和 2019 年中央民族大学青年学术

团队引领计划项目(项目编号:No.34)研究成果。