c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk wud;HdxYh

cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h

uykqjr yd ;odikak c, iïmdok jHdmD;sh

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amSka mqyqKqqlsÍfï

w;afmd;

ixialrKh 01

2

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d wdh;kfha wdOdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jk uykqjr yd ;odikak c, iïmdok

jHdmD;sh u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,os

1

1 mgqk

1 mgqk ...................................................................................................... 1

2 ye|skaùu ............................................................................................... 3 2.1 mú;% c, iemhqï moaO;s .............................................................. 4 2.2 wm c,h neyer lsÍu .................................................................. 5 2.3 jeis c,h neyer lsÍu................................................................. 6 2.4 c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd hkq ljfrlao@ ..................................... 6

3 msßisÿ mdkSh c, iemhqu ..................................................................... 8 3.1 c, iemhqï k,h ia:dk.; lsÍu ................................................ 8 3.2 bvu ;=< iemhqï k,h ia:dk .; lsÍu ..................................... 9 3.3 c, ukqj ia:dmkh lsÍu ............................................................ 10 3.4 c, ukqfõ isg ksji olajd k< t,Su ........................................ 10 3.5 mhsmam úYalïNhka ;SrKh lsÍu .............................................. 11 3.6 úúO c, k< y÷kd .ekSu ......................................................... 11 3.7 c, iïmdokhg wjYH jeo.;a Wmdx.hka ............................... 13

3.7.1 lmdg ^jE,aj& - Valves ........................................................ 13 3.7.2 f.aÜ jE,aj (Gate Valve) .................................................... 13 3.7.3 fnda,a fldla jE,aj (Ball Kock Valve) ................................ 13 3.7.4 fkdka ßg¾ka jE,aj (Non-Return Valve) .......................... 14 3.7.5 wj mSvk jE,aj (Pressure Reducing Valve) ..................... 14 3.7.6 fnda,a jE,ajh (Ball Valve) .................................................. 14 3.7.7 wEka.,a jE,aj (Angle Valve) ............................................. 15 3.7.8 ryiH jE,aj (Consealed Valve) ........................................ 15

3.8 c, k< Wmdx. .............................................................................. 16 3.9 lmdg iú lsÍu ........................................................................... 17 3.10 ls%hd lrùfï kuH;djh ............................................................. 17 3.11 c,h tla /ia lrk gexlsj, Odß;djh kS¾Kh lsÍu ............. 18 3.12 ixÑ; gexls f;dard .ekSu.......................................................... 19 3.13 c,h ixÑ;fhaoS jeo.;a jk øj úoHd mrdñ;Ska .................... 20 3.14 ixÑ; gexls i|yd c, k< iú lsÍu........................................ 20 3.15 fnda, bms,a ï lmdg f;dard .ekSu ............................................ 21 3.16 iDcq iemhqï iy ixÑ; gexls iemhqu ...................................... 22 3.17 ì;a;s we;=,;ska iy bka msg;ska c, k< t,Su ......................... 22 3.18 c, jdrl ..................................................................................... 24 3.19 kdk ldur ì;a;s iy ìu ghs,a lsÍu ........................................ 24 3.20 c, k< mSvkh mÍËd lsÍu ...................................................... 25 3.21 mSvk fmdïm ................................................................................ 25

2

4 wm c,h neyer lsÍu ........................................................................ 26 4.1 jeisls<s wdY%s;j ksmofjk wm c,h neyer lsÍu .................... 26 4.2 úúO fudaia;rfha jeisls<s yd tajd iúlr .ekSu' .................... 26 4.3 msßisÿ c,h /f.k tk msúiqï k, jeisls<s c, fmÜáhg yd jeisls<s Ijrhg iú lsÍu .................................................................................... 28 4.4 kdk ldur ................................................................................... 29 4.5 kdk ldurfha Wmdx. w;r mj;ajd .; hq;= mr;rh .............. 29 4.6 foHdar gexlsh yd isiagkh ......................................................... 30 4.7 c, wejqreu ................................................................................. 31 4.8 mhsmam ixjd;kh........................................................................ 31 4.9 wmc,h l%uj;aj neyer lsÍu i|yd k< wkql%uKfha wjYH;djh 32 4.10 ÿ¾.kaOh we;s ùu md,kh ........................................................ 32 4.11 msßisÿ lsÍfï m%Njh ................................................................... 33 4.12 ia:dmkh lsÍfï jevms<sfj, ..................................................... 34 4.13 ie,iqï lshùu yd f;areï .ekSu .............................................. 35

5 WKqiqï c, moaO;sh ieflúka ........................................................... 37

6 wmc,h neyer lsÍu .......................................................................... 39 6.1 mQ;sl gexlsh ............................................................................... 39 6.2 fm`.jqï j, iy neyer lsÍfï l,dmh .................................... 40 6.3 neyer lsÍfï l,dm kv;a;= lsßu ............................................ 41 6.4 ks¾foaYs; l%shd;aul lsÍfï yd kv;a;= lsÍfï Í;s .................. 42 6.5 mQ;sl moaO;s l%shdldß;ajh......................................................... 42 6.6 mQ;sl moaO;s kv;a;= lsÍu ......................................................... 43 6.7 mQ;sl moaO;s ì|jeàul oS ......................................................... 43 6.8 .%Sia r|jkh ................................................................................ 44

7 jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu ^tla/ia lsÍu& yd neyer lsÍu ...................... 46 7.1 jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu ^tla/ia lsÍu& ......................................... 46 7.2 jeis c, neyer lsÍu ................................................................. 47 7.3 c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a j.lSu .......................................... 48

8 ndOd rys; j; wdldrhg k< t,Su yd Wmdx. ia:dmkh ................ 49

9 c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd ..................................................................... 50 9.1 wdpdr O¾udkql+, meje;au......................................................... 52 9.2 c, mdßfNda.slhdf.a ;Dma;su;aNdjh ....................................... 53 9.3 fi!LH yd wdrËdj .................................................................... 54 9.4 my; lreKq ms<sn|j Tn oekqj;a njg wms úYajdi lruq' ..... 55

3

2 ye|skaùu

.Dyia: k< moaO;sh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia 3lg fnfoa'

mú;% c, iemhqï moaO;s

wm c,h neyer lsÍfï moaO;s

jeis c,h neyer lsÍfï moaO;s

fuu moaO;s ;=k bos lsÍfïoS fhdod.kakd l%u fõohka" m%ñ;Ska yd tajd bos

lsÍfïoS we;s iSudjka fjkia jk neúka fuu ;=ka wdldrh fjk fjku idlÉPd

l< hq;=h'

4

2.1 mú;% c, iemhqï moaO;s

msßisÿ c,h" wm ish¨ fokdf.au tosfkod

cSú;fha fukau ld¾ñl yd jHdmdßl lghq;=

j,g w;HjYH idOlhls' msßisÿ c,h iemhSu

i|yd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk

uKav,hg wu;rj" m%dfoaYSh iNd iy wfkl=;a

m%cd c, iïmdok wdh;k l%shd;aul fõ'

óg wu;rj" .x.d" jeõ " <sx wdos jQ c, m%Nj o

c, iemhqï m%Nj f,i wm w;r iq,nj Ndú;d fõ' ñka we;eï m%Nj c, k,

moaO;s Ndú;d lr ld¾hCIu c, iemhqula mdßfNda.slhka fj; ,ndfok w;r"

we;eï m%Nj u.ska c,h fnod yeÍula isÿ fkdjk w;r" c,h ,nd.ekSu i|yd

m%Njh olajd hEug isÿjkq we;'

Wod ( w;a fmdïm" .eUqre k, <sx

5

2.2 wm c,h neyer lsÍu

.DydY%S; wm c,h m%Odk fldgia 02 lska iukaú; fõ'

1. Grey Water - kdk ldur yd uq¿;ekaf.hs wdY%s;j ksmo fõ'

2. Black Water - jeisls<s wdY%s;j ksmo fõ' ^ñksia u<uq;% wka;¾.; fõ&

idudkHfhka ksjig iemfhk c, iemhqfuka" 5] l

muK iq¿ m%udKhla wm c,h (Grey Water & Black

Water ) f,i neyer flf¾' fuu wmc, m%Njhka"

tlsfklg fjkia ixhq;Skaf.ka hqla; fyhska" neyer

lsÍfïoS fjka fjka jYfhka msßhï l< hq;= fõ'

Wod( mQ;sl gexls ^Septic Tank)" fïo r|jkh (Grease

traps)" wm c, neyer,k j< (Waste water pit)

6

2.3 jeis c,h neyer lsÍu

fï jkúg" zzjeis c,h neyer lsÍfï

ixl,amhZZ" fï jk úg zzjeis c,

l<ukdlrKhZZ f,i idldÉPdjg n÷ka ù we;'

Y%S ,xldj jeks jq jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh ñ,sógr

2000 blaujdhk jdikdjka; rglg jqjo b;d

iSñ; m%udKhlg fyda jeis c,h tla/ia lsÍfuka

,nd.; yels jdis fndfyduhls'

Wod ( mdkSh c,h" f.j;= j.d lghq;=" fiaÿï lghq;= jeks fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d

iy c, .e,Sï je<elaùu (Flood prevention) N+.; c,h kej; wdfrdamKh lsÍu

(Ground water recharge) jeks cd;sl wjYH;d

fuu fya;=ka ksid" jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu ^jeis c,h tl;= lsßu&" jeis c,

l<ukdlrKfhaoS b;d jeo.;a wx.hla fõ'

2.4 c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd hkq ljfrlao@

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd my; i|yka lghq;= j,oS

w;HjYHu jk mqoa.,fhls'

.Dyia: c, iemhqu

wm c,h neyer lsÍu'

jeis c,h neyer lsÍu'

by; ld¾hhka j,oS jeo.;ajk wdldrh iy c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshl=f.a

idudcSh fufyjr fuu fmd;a msxp $ .%ka:lh Tiafia idlÉPd lrkq ,nk w;r"

fuys wvx.= w;sf¾l oekqu ,nd.ekSfuka jD;a;Sh uÜgfï c, k, ld¾ñl

Ys,amsfhl= lsÍug yels jkq we;'

fï wkqj" .Dyia: c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amh ms<sn|j bf.kqu yqfola cSjfkdamdh

ud¾.hlau fkdj" .Dyia: c, k, mdßfNda.slhkaf.a oekqu jeäoshqKq lsßu;a"

7

c, ixrlaIKh iy mßir ixrlaIKh ;=<ska ck;djf.a cSjk ;;ajh jeä oshqKq

lsßula o jkq we;'

.Dyia: c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a rdcldßfhaoS ksjeros

øjH f;dard .ekSug iEuúgu b;d ;oska j.n,d.;

hq;=h' c, k, ksIamdolhdf.a m%ñ;Ska iy ,dxPk wvx.=

fkdjk lsisÿ øjHhla ks¾foaY fkdl< hq;=h' m%ñ;sfhka

f;dr iy ;;ajfhka nd, wxf.damdx. Ndú;fhaos iy

m%ñ;sfhka f;dr rdcldÍ bgq lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;=h'

tfia fkdjk wjia:d j,oS wêl c, kdia;sh" kj

ksjdij, yevh iy fmkqu úlD;s ùu wdoS jQ wjdis /ila isÿjk w;r" tu.ska

mdßfNda.slhdf.a úYajdih m¨ÿ ùu iy tu ydks ms<silr lr.ekSug wêl f,i

uqo,a jehjk w;r" ld,h kdiaa;s ùu o isÿ fõ' fuysoS c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd

yd mdßfNda.slhd hk fomd¾Yjhu wmyiq;djhg m;ajkq we;' tneúka n,h,;a

c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd iEu l%shdfõoSu ;oskau m%ñ;Skag wkql+, úh hq;= w;r"

wh lrkq ,nk uqo,g iß,k Wiia fiajhla ,nd osh hq;=h' fuys wjika m%;sM,h

f,i c, kdia;sh wju lr .ekSug yels jk w;r" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha nyq,j

c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amSka i|yd we;s b,a u ;=< ;udf.a wdodhï ;;ajh fnfyúka

j¾Okh lr .ekSug yelsjkq we;'

8

3 msßisÿ mdkSh c, iemhqu

msßisÿ mdkSh c,h iemhSfïos u;= i|yka lrkq ,nk lreKq flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;=h'

3.1 c, iemhqï k,h ia:dk.; lsÍu

c, iemhqï k,h ia:dk.; lsÍfïoS f.ysñhdf.a bvug jk ydksh wju

lr.ekSu iy bvfï u;= Ndú;h ms<sn|j ie<ls,a,g .ekSfuka wk;=rej c, k,

t,Su isÿl< hq;=h' c, iïmdok uKav,h u.ska c, fiajd iïnkaO;djh

,ndoSfïos iúlrkq ,nk c, ukqj udislj lshùu i|yd uilg jrla c,

iïmdok uKav,fha ks,OdÍ uyf;l= meñfKa' tneúka c, ukqj ksisfia lshúh

yels ia:dkhl ia:dk.; l< hq;=h' iudkHfhka c, ukqj ia:dk.; lrkq

,nkafka bvfï udhsug yels muK wdikakjh' tneúka tu ia:dkfha ;u jdyk

.d,a lsÍug fyda meoùug wjYH fkdjk ;ekla fyda fjkhï lghq;a;la i|yd

fhoùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ia:dkhla fkdúh hq;=h'

Wod (

c, ukqj fyda fiajd iïnkaOk c, k," ysia bvu uOHg jkakg t,d we;akï miq

ld,hloS tu ysia bvï fldgi mdúÉÑhg .ekSfïoS wjysr;d iy mhsmam iy c,

ukq fjk;a ia:dkhka ys ia:dms; lsÍug jk úhoï o oeßh hq;= fõ'

ksfjia ysñhdf.a bvu yryd uydud¾.h foig meñfKk fiajd k,h .ila foig

fhduq ù we;akï fyda bvu bosßmi we;s úÿ,s lKqjla foig fhduq ù we;akï c,

iïmdok uKav,fhka ,ndfok iïnkaOkh ,ndfokq we;af;a " tu ndOl

bj;alsÍfuka miqj fyda iïnkaOkh ,ndoSug yels ia:dkhlg th /f.k

hdfuka miqj muKs' fuu w;=re ndOl iy úhoï ms<sn|j l%shdl< hq;= jkafka

iy f.ysñhd oekqj;a l< hq;= jkafka;a n,h,;a c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd úisks'

9

3.2 bvu ;=< iemhqï k,h ia:dk .; lsÍu

´kEu wjia:djl oS c, k,hkays fodaI we;s úh yel' tneúka k< t<SfïoS

kv;a;= lsÍfï yelshdj we;sjk mßos yels iEu úgloSu k< t<Su l< hq;=h' c,

k< t<Sï u; iaÒr boslsÍï yd úYd, uq,a iys; .ia isgqùu isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' ta

w;ru k< moaO;sh fjka lr kv;a;= lr .ekSu i|yd fodr lmdg iemhqï

k<fha w;a uÜgfï Wiska iúlsÍfuka ld¾hh myiq jkq we;' ;jo" c, gexlshg

c,h we;=,a jk ia:dkhg fmr kej;=ï lmdghla iú l< hq;=h' fuu lmdgh

fnda,a jE,ajfha kv;a;=j iy iú lsÍu myiq lrjk wx.hla f,i ie,flaa' fnda,a

jE,ajh ks;r kv;a;= lsÍï wjYH wx.hla neúka fujeks lmdghl wjYH;djh

b;d by< w.hla .kS'

c, k< t<Sfï .eUqr wju jYfhka fmd<j uÜgfï isg ñ'ó' 300 l .eUqrlska

hqla; úh hq;=h' k< t<Sï isÿ l< ud¾.h u;ska ksrka;rj nr jdyk .uka

lrkafka kï k< t<Su .eUqr ñ'ó' 300 g jvd jeä l< hq;=h' tf,iu yels iEu

úgloSu c, k< ;oska ysre t<shg wdjrKh fkdjk ì;a;s uqyqK;a u;ska oeóu

yryd iQ¾hh lsrK j,ska wdrlaId lr .; yel' c, k, u,dmjyk k< wi<ska

yels iEu ia:dkhoSu wE;ska t<sh hq;=h' k< j, we;s f,an, ukdj o¾Ykh jk

mßos t<Su ;=,ska u;= oskloS mhsmam y÷kd .ekSug yelshdj ie,fikq we;'

Good

location

10

3.3 c, ukqj ia:dmkh lsÍu

c, ukqj ia:dk.; lsÍu" c, k, ia:dk.;

lsÍu yd iDcqj iïnkaO fõ" uka o h;a ukqj

iú lrkq ,nkafka c, k,h u; neúks' c,

ukqj rEmfha olajd we;s mßos fmd<jg

by<ska ;eîu kj;u l%uhhs' tjeks

wjia:djl oS thg ydks meñKSug we;s

bvlv fndfydah' fuys olajd we;s mßos M,

iys; .ia jeks fjk;a ndOl by<ska we;s

ia:dk j, ógrh ia:dk .; l,fyd;a isÿúh

yels Wmøj .ek wuq;=fjka i|yka l< hq;=

jkafka ke;' tfiau ukqj lshùug myiq jk

ia:dkhl muKla th ia:dk .; l< hq;=h'

3.4 c, ukqfõ isg ksji olajd k< t,Su

cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h u.ska .Dyia: iïnkaO;d ,nd oSfïoS

idudkHfhka wÕ,a ½ l k< u.ska iïnkaO;d ,nd oSu isÿ flf¾' kuq;a c,

ukqfõ isg ksji olajd c,h /ia lrk gexlsh fj; tu m%udKfhau k<hla ;=<ska

c,h iemfhk nj bka woyia fkdflf¾' l=vd k< ;=,ska c,h .,d hdfïoS tys

mSvkh blaukska wvq ù c, iemhqu ld¾hCIu;djh wvq jk neúka c, k,

fhoSfïoS c, ukqjg miq iqÿiq úIalïNhlska hq;a k, fhoSfï whs;sh c, k,

ld¾ñl Ys,amS i;= rdcldßhls' tysoS c,h .,d hdfï iS.%;djh u; k<fha

úIalïNh f;dard .ekSu isÿ l< hq;=h' ud¾.fha we;s m%Odk k<fha mSvkh wvq

kï úIalïNh jeä k<hla wjYH jk w;r" mSvkh by< w.hl mj;skafka kï

úIalïNh wvq l< yel'

11

3.5 mhsmam úYalïNhka ;SrKh lsÍu

c, k, úYalïNhka ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd kshñ; .Kkh lsÍï i|yd fhda.H j.=

ilid we;' k<fha m%udKh tu k<h ;=,ska b,a,d isák Wmßu c, iS.%;djhg

m%udKj;a jk mßos .Kkh l< hq;=h' c, .e,Sfï

m%udKh jeä kï úYd, úYalïNhla o c, iS.%;djh wvq kï l=vd lsÍfï

yelshdj o mj;S' tkuqÿ jvd;au wjOdkï ld¾hh c, iS.%;djh .Kkh lr ta

i|yd fhda.H úYalïNh f;dard .ekSu b;d fhda.H fõ'

Wmdx. .e,Sfï iS.%;djh

(lps) c, k, úYalïNh

mm

fhda.H c, iS.%;djh lps

Lavatory 0.12 1/2” 0.2

Bathtub 0.32 3/4” 0.4

Shower 0.32 1” 0.8

Toilet 0.19 1 ¼” 1.0

Kitchen sink 0.32 1 ½” 2.0

Washing machine

0.25 2” 5.0

3.6 úúO c, k< y÷kd .ekSu

ksjeros Ys,amshd f;dard .ekSfuka wk;=rej B<Õg jeo.;au ld¾hh jkafka

ksjeros k< f;dard .ekSuhs' wm nyq,j Ndú;d lrkafka PVC kuqÿ Bg jeä

.=Kd.hkaf.ka hq;= mhsmam j¾. oekg y÷kajd oS we;' ñka HDPE oekgu;a c,

iïmdok uKAv,h uÕska Ndú;hg f.k we;' tfiau fm!oa.,sl wdh;k j,o

HDPE MD

PE

PVC PP

12

HDPE mhsmam Ndú;d lsÍu wrUd we;' wm wjqreÿ 50 lg;a jvd wêl ld,hla

PVC Ndú;d lr we;s neúka bka neyer ùug ue<s lula olajhs' tkuqÿ c, k,

Ys,amSka úiska by; k< mhsmam y÷kd .ekSu" tys ixikaOkd;aul jákdlï

ieioSu yd Ndú;d lrk wdldrhka uo muKska fyda oek .; hq;=uh' tu oekSu

;u ;k;=rg f.!rjhla jk fia Ndú;d l< yels jk w;r ;jÿrg;a wOHkh

lsÍu ;=<ska tajd Ndú;d lsÍu lsÍu i|yd wjYh oekqu ,nd .; yel'

wm fuu fmdf;ys PVC ms<sn| muKla úia;rd;aulj olajk w;r wfkl=;a

mhsmam iïnkaOj ñka bosßfhaoS ielfik fmd;a u.ska y÷kajd oSug woyia

lrkafkuq' ;jo" wm rfÜ ;ju;a ;rÕldÍ ;;a;ajhlska ksIamdokh lrkq

,nkafka PVC mhsmam muKs' Y%S ,xld m%ñ;s iy;slh ysñ PVC ksIamdoljreka

wm rfÜ we;af;a myla muKs' tkuqÿ kï we;s iy kï ke;s mhsmam yd Wmdx.

fj<|fmdf<a ´kEjg;a jvd mj;S' fj<| uy;=ka i|yd ,efnk fldñia uqo, o

iuyr wjia:djkaysoS ;;a;ajfhka f;dr Ndkav i|yd jeä jk wjia:d we;s neúka

Tjqka úiska tajd wf,ú lÍug fm<ö we;' c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd i;= jeo.;a

ld¾hhNdrhla jkqfha fujeks m%ñ;Skaf.ka f;dr NdKav iú lsÍu wffO¾hu;a

lrùu;a m%ñ;sfhka hq;= NdKavhkays jákdlu wjfndaO lr oS tajdfhka we;s jk

m%;s,dN mdßfNda.sl ck;djg ,eîug ie,eiaùu;ah' m%ñ;sfhka f;dr mhsmam

blaukska úvdm;a ù ;=jd, fõ' iQ¾hh lsrK j,ska myiqfjka osrdm;a fõ' c,h

ldkaÿ ùu b;d blaukska werö wmyiq;djhkag m;a lrhs' Y%S ,xldfõ m%ñ;s

wdh;kh u.ska SLS 147 kï jQ m%ñ;s iy;slh ysñ

mhsmam muKla ks¾foaY flf¾'

PVC mhsmam msvk ldKav lsysmhla ;=,ska t<s olajd

we;' fuhska ksjeros mSvk ldKavh f;dard .ekSu ld¾ñl Ys,amshd úiska l< hq;=h'

Type 1000" Type 600" Type 400 iy Type 250 mSvk ldkav fj<|fmdf<a we;'

c, iïmdok i|yd Type 1000 iy Type 600 muKla Ndú;d l< hq;=h' wÕ,a 1

mhsmam olajd jk l=vd mhsmam Type 1000 mSvk ldKavfhka muKla ksIamdokh

flf¾' Type 1000 hkq c,h óg¾ 100 l Wi mSvkhla odrd .; yels mSvkhhs'

13

3.7 c, iïmdokhg wjYH jeo.;a Wmdx.hka

c, iïmdok k<hla iïmQ¾Kfhka iú lr ld¾HËu c, iemhqula ,nd oSu

i|yd wjYH jk fjk;a Wmdx. we;' ksjeros Wmdx. f;dard .ekSu" tajd ksjeros

f,i iú lsÍu" ksis m%udKfhka ,sysis ødjK wdf,amh" tajd ksis ld,hla ;ekam;a

ùug ie<eiaùu yd mhsmamhka ys lemQ w. fldgia ukd mßos ilid iú lsÍu wdoS

ld¾hhka b;d iq¿ lreKq fia o¾Ykh jqjo tajd ieneúkau b;d jeo.;a wx.hka

fõ' my; oelafjkqfha tjeks Wmdx. iuyrls'

3.7.1 lmdg ^jE,aj& - Valves

úúO ld¾hhka i|yd fhdod .kakd lmdg j¾. úYd, ixLHdjla we;' tu tla

tla lmdgfhaa Ndú;h iy tajdfhka isÿ jk ld¾hh tu lmdg j,g wdfõKsl fõ'

3.7.2 f.aÜ jE,aj (Gate Valve)

fuh c, k< moaO;sfha fldgila úikaê lsÍu i|yd

fhdod .efka' moaO;sfha wjYH ia:dk j,g .e<fmk mßos

fuu lmdg iú lsßu uÕska moaO;sfha kv;a;=j myiq jk

w;r ld¾HËu;djh jeäfõ' lmdgh weÍu iy jeiSu

fifuka isÿ fõ'

3.7.3 fnda,a fldla jE,aj (Ball Kock Valve)

fuu lmdg j¾.ho by;ska i|yka l< f.aÜ jE,aj isÿ

lrk ld¾hhu bgq lrhs' tfy;a wxYl 90 la lrleùfuka

lmdgh weÍu iy jeiSu isÿ l< yel' fujeks lmdg

úYd, úIalïNhla ^wÕ,a 3la fyda jeä úIalïNhla& iys;

mhsmam iuQy fhdod .ekSfïoS moaO;sfha mSvkhg iDcqj

n,mdk neúka m%fõYï úh hq;=h¡

14

3.7.4 fkdka ßg¾ka jE,aj (Non-Return Valve)

fuh c,h tla osYdjlg muKla .uka lrùu i|yd fhdod

.efka' fuu lmdg j¾.h .Dyia: c,h iemhSfïoS úúO

whqßka fhdod .; yel' ksjfia r|jd ;nd we;s c,h hï

fyhlska wdmiq moaO;shg .,d hdu je<elaùu ñka m%Odk lreKls'

3.7.5 wj mSvk jE,aj (Pressure Reducing Valve)

mSvkfha wêl nj wvq lr .ekSu i|yd fujeks lmdg

Ndú;d flf¾' wêl mSvkh fya;=fjka mhsmam msmsÍ hdu

je<elaùu" c, lrdu wdosfhka c,h ldkaÿ ùu k;r

lsÍu wdosh i|yd mSvkh idudkH uÜgulg f.k tau

fuys ld¾hhhs'

3.7.6 fnda,a jE,ajh (Ball Valve)

fuh b;du;a jeo.;a lmdg j¾.hls'

fndfyda úg c,h wmf;a hdug iy tuÕska

wêl c, ì,am;a ,eìug úfYaIfhka fya;=

jkafka fuu lmdg j¾.h ksjeros f,i

Ndú;d fkdlsÍuhs' tneúka ksjeros ;;ajfha

lmdg fï i|yd wksjd¾hfhkau Ndú;d l<

hq;=hs' tfukau ksjeros j¾.fha lmdg

Ndú;d l< hq;=hs' b;d iq¿ c, ldkaÿjla

fyda fuu lmdg ;=,ska isÿ jkafka kï" b;d blaukska th ms<silr l< hq;=hs'

15

3.7.7 wEka.,a jE,aj (Angle Valve)

fuho b;d jeo.;a lmdg j¾.hls' kdk ldur"

uq¿;ekaf.h jeks ia:dk j,g c,h iemhSfïoS

ks;r Ndú;d fõ¡ m%Odk k<fhka ldurh ;=,g

msúfik PVC uqyqK;g iú lrkq ,nkafka fuu

lmdg j¾.hhs' lmdgfha c,h msgjk isÿrg

kefuk iq¿ mhsmamh iú lr wfkla mi Wmdx.

j,g iú lrkq ,nhs ^Wod( fros fidaok hka;%"

msÕka fidaok hka;%" fidaok fíiï yd Bidet Shower wdosh&

3.7.8 ryiH jE,aj (Consealed Valve)

fuu lmdgh í;a;sh ;=, ieÕù we;' ksis m%ñ;sfhka

f;dr lmdg Ndú;d lsÍu ksid c, ldkaÿ isÿ ùfuka

lror j,g uqyqKq mEug isÿ fõ' tneúka" b;d by<

m%ñ;sfhka hq;= lmdg muKla Ndú;d l< hq;=h' fuu

lmdg j¾.h w;sYhskau b;d fyd| ;;ajfha ;sìh

hq;=h'

fuu lmdg ñ,oS .kakd wjia:djkaysoS fjf<|

uy;=ka úiska wu;r fldgia fj<| fmdf<a we;s nj m%ldY l<o tajd fidhd

.ekSug b;d wiSre úh yel' fuys wjidk m%;sM,h jkafka ì;a;s ghs,a bj;a lr

mhsmamh lmd kej; kej;;a lmdgh udre lsÍug isÿ ùuhs'

16

3.8 c, k< Wmdx.

c, iïmdok moaO;s kv;a;=j iy l<uKdlrKh i|yd iy k< iú lsÍu i|yd

c, k< Wmdx. w;HjYH fõ' fï w;ßka m%Odk ;ekla .kq ,nk wx.hka jkqfha"

Repair Socket ^mhsmam 2la tlg iú lsÍu i|yd&

Valve Socket ^lmdgh mhsmamhg iïnkaO lsÍu i|yd&

Faucet Socket ^fmdgj,a iys; wx.hla mhsmamhg iú lsÍu i|yd&

Elbow ^k< ud¾. wxYl 90 lska yerùu i|yd&

c, k< w;= Ydld we;s lsÍug Wmdx. wjYH fõ' hqkshka

iïnkaO fhoSfuka tu iïnkaOkh u;= l,loS myiqfjka

.,jd kej; iú lsÍug myiq jkq we;'

Bend Garden tap Bib Tap Ball cock

Equal tee Reducing tee Faucet or male

socket

Blind cap or end

cap

Elbow Clamp saddle Mixer tap Repair socket/

Union

17

3.9 lmdg iú lsÍu

c, k< iú lsÍfïoS úúO lmdg j¾.hka Ndú;d flf¾' fuysoS fmdÿfõ Ndú;d

lrk lmdg j¾. lsysmhla kï"

f.aÜ jE,aj

fkdka ßg¾ka jE,aj

mSvk wjmd; jE,aj

fnda,a jE,aj

ieÕjqKq jE,aj

3.10 ls%hd lrùfï kuH;djh (Operational Flexibility)

c, k< iú lsÍfïoS b;d jeo.;a wx.hla jkqfha tajd

kv;a;= lsÍu iy l%shd lrùu myiq jk mßos k, iy

Wmdx. by; woyiska neyerj iú fkdlsÍuhs' WodyrKhla

jYfhka PVC mhsmam fldgia 2la Repair Socket fyda L Bow

Ndú;d lr PVC .ï fhdod iú l< fyd;a tajd kej; fjka

lsÍu l< fkdyels ld¾hhls' tneúka" tjeks iïnkaOk ,nd oSfïoS fnfyúka

m%fõYï úh hq;=h' tf,iu iú lrk ,o fldgila kej; .,jd iú lsÍug

wjYH ùug wjldYo we;' c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd úiska k< t<SfïoS iy Wmdx.

iú lsÍfïoS by; i|yka lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ksñka c, k< iú

l< hq;=h' fuf,i c, k< yeisrùug yels jk mßos k< t<Su

iy iú lsÍu ls%hd lrùfï kuH;djh (Operation Flexibility)

f,i ye|skaúh yel'

c, k< tlsfklg iú lsÍfïoS mhsmam u; wkjYH f,i wd;;sh we;s jk mßos

k< fkdt<sh hq;=h' tf,iu c, k< ì;a;s u; isriaj fyda ;sriaj t,SfïoS k<

w;r iy k<h yd ì;a;sh w;r m%udKj;a bv lv we;s jk mßos k< t<ssh hq;=h'

tfia fkdue;s wjia:d j,oS tu c, k< fyda Wmdx. w¿;ajeähdj fyda

m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug hdfïoS k< lemSug fyda ;ekQ fldgia bj;a lsÍug fyda kj

fldgia we;=,;a lsÍug wjldY fkd,eîfuka moaO;sfha kuH;djh ySk ù hhs'

18

úfYaIfhkau lmdg iú lsÍfïoS tajd tlu uÜgfï iú jkafka kï tajd weÍug

yd jeiSug wjYH wjldY k< w;r ;sìh hq;=h' tfukau" k< moaO;sfha tla tla

wxY fjka fjkaj úikaê lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk lmdg (Section Valve) iú

lsÍuo moaO;sfha kuH;djfha fldgils'

3.11 c,h tla /ia lrk gexlsj, Odß;djh kS¾Kh lsÍu

YS% ,xldfõ fndfyda m%foaYhkays c, iemhqu taldldÍj iemhSug wmyiq jk

wjia:d fndfyda we;' b;d Wia yd my;a ìï we;s uykqjr jeks m<d;a j, mSvkh

b;d úYd, iy b;d wvq w.hka olajd fjkia jk w;r" úh<s ld,.=Kh mj;sk

ld, iSudjka ysoS c, m%Njhkays Odß;djh ySk ù hdfuka fkdlvjd c,h

iemhSug wmyiq fõ' by; fya;= ksid fndfyda ksfjia i|yd c,h tla /ia lr

;nd .ekSu wjYH;djhla njg m;a ù we;' fufia tla /ia lrkq ,nk c,h

fldmuK m%udKhla úh hq;= oehs .Kkh l< hq;= jkafka my; i|yka lreKq

ie<ls,a,g .ekSfuks'

osklg tla mqoa.,fhl= ,Sgr 100la Ndú;d lrk nj i<lkak'

1. fuys w.h YS% ,xldfõ úúO m<;a j,oS úúO w.hka .; yels kuqÿ ,Sgr

100la hk w.h idOdrK w.hls'

2. ,xldfõ mjq,l idudcsl ixLHdj idudkHfhka 5 la muK fõ'

3. ta wkqj mjq,la i|yd osklg ,Sgr 100 x 5 = 500 muK wjYH fõ'

4. idudkHfhka osk 2lg wjYH jk c, mßudjg jvd jeä m%udKhla .nvd lr

.ekSu wkqu; l< fkdyel' óg fya;=j jkafka c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk

uKav,h uÕska imhkq ,nk c,fha wka;¾.;j we;s c,fha ;;ajh /l

.ekSu i|yd fhdokq ,nk ridhksl øjH j, wdhq ld,h osk 2lska miq ksu

úh yels neúks'

fï wkqj tla mjq,la i|yd .nvd lr .; hq;== c, mßudj jkqfha"

,Sgr 100 x 5 x 2 = ,Sgr 1000

,Sgr 1000 blaujd hk c, gexls c,h .nvd lsÍug Ndú;d lsÍfïoS c,fha

;;ajh ÿ¾j, úh yel'

19

3.12 ixÑ; gexls f;dard .ekSu (Selection of Storage Tank)

ixÑ; gexls f;dard .ekSfïoS ie<ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq rdYshls' tkï"

gexlsh ksmojd we;s wuqøjH

gexlsh ksmojd we;s m%ñ;sh

ksYamdolhd ,nd we;s iy;sl yd n,m;%

mdrcïnq, lsrK (UV) j,g olajk m%;sfrdaOh

l,a mej;Sfï .=Kh

úlsKSfuka miq fiajd

fï jk úg ma,diaáfI,a (Plastishell) gexls mdßfNda.slhka

w;r fndfyda fihska ckm%sh jk w;r" fuu gexls

ksYamdolhkao úYd, m%udKhla fj<|fmd< ;=, úisÍ

isá;s' fï w;r" wdrËs; yd ld¾HËu c, iemhqula ,nd

.ekSfïoS ixÑ; gexlsh msysgq ùfï ia:dkh b;d jeo.;a

fõ' tysoS my; lreKq ie<ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ'

ysre t<shg fl,skau ksrdjrKh jQ újD; fõosld u; gexlsh r|jd ;eîu fkdl<

hq;= w;r" tjka wjia:d j,oS gexls ysre t<sfhka wdjrKh l< hq;=h'

b;d my;a ia:dk j, gexlsh r|jd ;eîu kqiqÿiq jk w;r" ld¾HËu c,

iemhqula ,nd .ekSug by<ska msysá j;=r uf,a isg wju jYfhka ógr 5 la ^wä

15 la& fyda Wiska gexlsh /|úh hq;=h'

jy,h yryd hk lKq wdOdrfhka msysgqjk fõosld u; c, gexls /|ùfuka

jy,h yryd ksji ;=,g c,h ldkaÿ ùu isÿ úh yels ksid fï wdldrfhka

ixÑ; gexls msysgq ùu fkdl< hq;=h' ;jo" c, k, moaO;s jy,h yd isú,su

yryd t<Sfuka ksjfia w,xldrhg .eg¿ u;= úh yel'

ixÑ; gexlsh kv;a;= lsÍï i|yd myiqfjka msúish yels ia:dkhl /|ùuo b;d

jeo.;a fõ'

20

3.13 c,h ixÑ;fhaoS jeo.;a jk øj úoHd mrdñ;Ska (Hydrulic Parameters

in Storage)

m%Odk k,fha c, mSvkh ksjfia lrdu fj; c,h /f.k hdug ;rï m%udKj;a

fkdjk wjia:d j,oS iy m%Odk k<fha c,h fkdue;s wjia:d j,oS ixÑ;

gexlsfha c,h mßfNdackh i|yd fhdod .efka' tkï m%Odk k<fhka c,h ixÑ;

gexlshg iemfhk w;r" ixÑ; gexlsfha isg c,h ksjfia lrdu j,g iemfha'

fï i|yd wjYH úYd,;ajfhka hq;= c, k< Ndú;d l< hq;= fõ' úYd, c, k<

Ndú;fhka by; .eg¿ úi|sh yels jqjo tajd ñf<ka jeä jk w;r" ksjfia

ì;a;s ;=, úYd, c, k< t<SfïoS wmyiq;d we;s fõ' fï ksid ksjeros

úIalïNfhka hq;= c, k< Ndú;d lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

idudkHfhka gexls j, ish¿u msguqj iy we;=¿uqj (Inlet & Outlet) k< yuqj

ñ,sógr 25 l úIalïNhlska hqla; fõ'

c, k< j, msguqj iy we;=¿uqj úIalïN wod, mßfNdack wjYH;djhg wkqj

f;dard .; yel' øj úoHd .Kkh lsÍï fuu .%ka:fha wvx.= fkdjk w;r" c,

k< m%udK ms<sn| f;dr;=re j.= 07 iy j.= ^11 msgqj n,kak& 02 ys olajd we;'

3.14 ixÑ; gexls i|yd c, k< iú lsÍu (Installation of pipes to the

Storage Tank)

ld¾HËu c, iemhqula i|yd yd gexlsfha os.= ld,Sk meje;au ksjeros c, k<

iú lsÍula ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

idudkHfhka ixÑ; gexlshg c, k< 04la iú lsÍug yelshdj we;'

1. we;=¿uqj (Inlet)

2. msguqj (Outlet)

3. msgdr k<h (Overflow) - lmdg ke;

4. fidaodj (Washout) - gexlsfha ì;a;shg msg;ska lmdghla we; ^gexlsh ysia

lsÍfïoS iy fiaoSfïoS muKla fuu lmdgh jid ;efí&'

gexlsfhka msg; kv;a;=j i|dyd WmldÍ jk kej;=ï lmdg we;'

21

fidaodj yd msgdr k<h fidaodfõ lmdghg miqj tlsfklg iïnkaO lr we;s ksid

w;sßla; c,h msgùu isÿ jkafka tla k<hlska muKs' mhsmam j,ska msgjk c,h

jy, u;g fyda mS,s j,g hdu uÕska f.dvkeÕs,s j, w,xldrhg .eg¿ u;= úh

yels ksid w;sßla; c,h msg lsÍug iqÿiq l%ufõohla ilia l< hq;= fõ'

ish¨ k< f,an,a lr bka c,h iemfhk tla

tla ia:dk igyka lr ;eîfuka kv;a;=j

i|yd wjYH ksjeros k<h f;dard .; yel'

ish¨u k, ì;a;s j,g iú lr (Clip lr)

;eîuo k< ì;a;s j,g ;sriaj fyda isriaj iú

lsÍuo jeo.;a fõ'

3.15 fnda, bms,a ï lmdg f;dard .ekSu (Selection of Ball Float Valves)

fndfydauhla ksfjia j, isÿ jk c, ydks i|yd fndfyda úg fya;= jkafka kqiqÿiq

jgl=re bms,a ï lmdg Ndú;hhs'

fuu lmdg Ndú;fhaoS"

kshñ; ;;ajfhka hq;= lmdg f;dard .ekSu

kshñ; m%ñ;Skag wkql+, lmdg iú lsÍu

l%uj;a kv;a;= lsÍu

hk lreKq flfrys ie<ls,su;a úh hq;= w;r"

fuuÕska c,h ixrËKh lr .ekSug fukau

wkjYH f,i c, ì,am;a i|yd f.úh hq;=

uqo, lmd oeóuo isÿ l< yel' wo

fj<|fmdf<a úúO j¾. j, lmdg iq,Nj we;s neúka ksjeros lmdgh f;dard

.ekSug c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd mdßfNda.slhdg Wmfoia ,nd osh hq;=h'

22

3.16 iDcq iemhqï iy ixÑ; gexls iemhqu (Direct Supply & Supply through

storage tank)

c, iemhqï moaO;sh ;=, mSvkh oskh uq¿,af,au fjkia jk w;r" tu mSvkh

nd¾ 1 lg jvd jeä wjia:dfõoS m%Odk k<h yryd iDcq iemhqula ksjig ,nd

.; yel' mSvkh fjkia ùu c, mßfNdack rgdj wkqj fjkia jk w;r" c,

mßfNdackh wêl ld, mrdi j,oS Ndú;d lsÍug ixÑl gexlsh ;=, c,h .nvd

lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' c, mßfNdackh wvq wjia:d j,oS c, iemhqï moaO;sh

;=, mSvkh nd¾ 4 lg fyda 5 lg jeä ùfuka moaO;sfha isÿ jk c, ldkaÿ ùï

j<lajd .; yels w;r" wêl mSvkhh uÕska moaO;sh

;=, isÿ úh yels ydks wju l< yel'

idudkHfhka" c,h ldkaÿ ùu moaO;sh ;=, we;s

mSvkhg iudkqmd;sl jk ksid mSvkh fo.=K jQ úg

c,h ldkaÿ ùu o fo.=K fõ'

ksjil c, k, iú lsÍfïoS ¥Is; jQ c,h mßfNdackh je<elaùug uq¿;ekaf.hg

c,h iemhSu m%Odk iemhqfuka iDcqj ,nd osh hq;= fõ' cd;sl c, iïmdok yd

c,dmjyk uKav,fhka iemfhk c,fha úIîc kdYl wvx.= jqjo ld,h;a iuÕ

tajdfha ls%hdldß;ajh wvq ù hk neúka nelaàßhd l%shdldÍ;ajh j¾Okh ù ixÑ;

c,h fl<skau mßfNdackh l< fkdyels uÜgug ¥IKh úh yel' flfia kuq;a

m%Odk c, iemhqu wvd, ùfïoS fyda fjk;a wmyiq;djhloS muKla Ndú;d

lsÍug yels jk whqßka ixÑ; gexlsfhka c, iemhqula uq¿;ekaf.hg ,nd oS

;sîuo wjYH fõ'

3.17 ì;a;s we;=,;ska iy bka msg;ska c, k< t,Su (Locating pipes within

and outside of the walls)

c, k< msg;g ksrdjrKh lr ;eîug fyda fkd;eîug we;s yelshdj wkqj" c,

k< ì;a;s u;=msáka iú lsÍ fyda we;=,;ska iú lsßu isÿ flf¾' úYd,

úIalïNhlska hq;a k< ì;a;s we;=,;ska iú lsÍug wmyiq neúka fndfyda úg

msg;ska iú lsÍu isÿ flf¾'

23

c, k< iú lssÍfï l%u

Ys,am fndfyduhla

mej;=Ko ieu úgu c,

k< b;d l%udkql+,j iy

tlsfklg iudka;rj

msysgk f,ig kshñ;

m%ñ;sfhka hq;= msßjeoaÿï

fhdod .ksñka t<Su

jeo.;a fõ'

;dm ms<shï (Heat treated) l< ikaê fkdje<elaúh yels fya;=jla we;s úg

muKla Ndú;d l< hq;=h' c, k< ysre wdf,dalfhka wdjrKh ùug"

f.dvkeÕs,af,a W;=re fyda ol=Kq osYdfõ iú lsÍugo" lsisÿ wjia:djloS

f.dvkeÕs,af,a m%fõY ud¾. j,g ndOd jk f,ig iú fkdlsÍugo ie<ls,su;a

úh hq;=h' iEu c, k<hlau wä 4 l mr;rhla we;sj n%elÜgqjlska iú l< hq;=

w;r" lmdg we;s ia:dk j,oS tajd weÍug" jeiSug wjYH bv m%udK ;eìh hq;=h'

iemhqï iy fnod yeÍfï k< tlsfkl fcaokh jk whqßka iú lsÍu fkdl< hq;=

w;r" tu k< fjk fjku fomiska iú l< hq;=h'

kdk ldur j, lrdu iy wfkl=;a Wmdx. j,g c,h iemfhk c, k< kdk

ldurfha ì;a;s u;=msáka t<Su uÕska kdk ldur ghs,a lvf;d¨ lsÍfuka f;drj

kv;a;= lsÍu" ms<silr lsÍu isÿ l< yel' c, k< kshñ; Wiska iú l< hq;=

w;r" lrdu i|yd fjku c, k< ,nd .kakd úg c, k< ;=, jdhq /|Su

je<elafjk f,ig iú l< hq;= fõ' tf,iu b;d jeo.;a lreKla jkqfha u;=

m%fhdackh i|yd wjYH jk c, k< myiqlï o uq, wjia:dfõoSu ilia l< hq;=

fõ ^fros fiaÿï hka;%" n÷ka fiaÿï hka;% wdosh i|yd wjYH c, k< myiqlï&'

24

3.18 c, jdrl (Water Proofing)

kdk ldur ;=, iy f;;a ùfï fyda osh iSrdj we;s ùfï

iïNdú;djla we;s ia:dk u;=msg c, k< t<Sug m%:u

c, jdrl wdf,am lsÍu k, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a

j.lSuls' c, jdrl wdf,am fkdlsÍu ksid ghs,a ;=,ska

c,h ldkaÿ ù wfkla mi ì;a;s j, ;Ska; wf,amk

.e,ù hdu iy ì;a;s f;;a ùu isÿ úh yel' fujka

wjia:djloS c,h ldkaÿ jk ia:dkh yßhdldrj fidh .; fkdyels fyhska ì;a;s

úYd, jYfhka m¿ÿ lsÍug iy jeros ks.ukhkag t<öug isÿ úh yel'

3.19 kdk ldur ì;a;s iy ìu ghs,a lsÍu (Floor and Wall tiling of

Bathrooms)

ghs,akdk ldur ì;a;s iy ìu ghs,a lsÍu ñ<

wêl l%shdj,shla jk neúka b;d ie<ls,su;aj

isÿ l< hq;= fõ' wdrËdj i|yd kdk ldur

ìu ghs,a lsÍug iqÿiq r¿ njlska hq;= ghs,a

f;dard .ekSuo" jeisls<s osh j, (Catch pit)

fj;g 1(50 wdk;shlska hq;=j ìu ilia lsÍuo

jeo.;a fõ' ;jo" ghs,a w;r we;s ikaê

m%udKh wvq lr .ekSfuka kdk ldur msßisÿ

lsÍu myiq fõ'

jeisls<s oshj, ilia lsÍfïoS m%ñ;Skag

wkql+,j f;dard .ekSu yd ilia lsÍu isÿ fkdl<fyd;a m%;sia:dmkh isÿ lsÍug

úYd, uqo,la oeÍug isÿ fõ' jeisls<s osh j, yd

fmdf<dj iïnkaO lsÍfïoS oshj, uq¿ukskau fldkal%SÜ

lr iS,a lsÍfuka kdk ldurh ;=,g l=vd i;=ka meñKSu

^mKqjka" .evú,ka wdoS& je<laúh yel'

ghs,a úYd, ùfïoS ikaos wvq fõ

ghs,a l=vd ùfïoS ikaos jeä fõ

25

3.20 c, k< mSvkh mÍËd lsÍu (Testing of Pipe lines)

c, k< t<Sfuka miq tajd ì;a;s ;=,g fyda fmdf<dj ;=,g oud wdjrKh lsÍug

m%:u tu k< j, iy c, k< Wmdx. j, c, frdaOl nj mÍËd lsÍu isÿ l<

hq;=h' fuysoS mÍËd lsßug Ndú;d lrk mSvkh" c, iemhqï m%Njh uÕska

imhk c, iemhSfï mSvkhg jvd wvq

úh hq;=h ^wvq mßfNdack ld, mrdi

j,oS m%Odk k<fhka c, iemhqu i,ik

úg c,fhys mSvkh nd¾ 1 - 5 olajd

fjkia fõ&'

c, k< moaO;sh ^wju jYfhka ñks;a;=

10l ld,hla& mSvkhg ,la lr c, ldkaÿ ùï we;aoehs mÍËd flf¾' l=vd

m%udKfha ldkaÿ ùï we;ehs iel lrk ia:dk j, ldkaÿ ùï mÍËd lsÍug

fldm¾ i,afmaÜ ^m,audkslalï& fhdod .; yel'

3.21 mSvk fmdïm (Pressure pumps)

c, k< moaO;sh ;=, mj;sk mSvkh ksjig c,h iemhSug wjYH mSvkhg jvd

wvq wjia:d j,oS mSvk fmdïm Ndú;d flf¾' fuh ir< yQjk fmdïmhla

(Booster Pump) jk w;r" fmdïmh ;=, mSvkh wvq

jk iEu wjia:djloSu fuh l%shd;aul ù kshñ;

mSvkh mj;ajd .kS'

fmdïmh ;=,g meñfKk mSvkh iy bka msg úh hq;=

mSvkh wkqj wjYH fmdïmh f;dard .; hq;=h' fuu

fmdïmh l%shd;aul ùfïoS mSvdldÍ Yíohla msg

fkdjk w;r l=vd m%udKhl fuh r|jd ;eìh yel'

ksji i|yd fuu fmdïmhl wjYH;djh c, k<

ld¾ñl Ys,amshd úiska ;SrKh l< hq;= fõ' mSvk

fmdïm m%Odk c, iemhqug iïnkaO fkdl< hq;=h'

26

4 wm c,h neyer lsÍu

4.1 jeisls<s wdY%s;j ksmofjk wm c,h neyer lsÍu (Black Water)

jeisls<s " leisls<s" uq;% l=á u.ska neyer lrkq ,nk

ñksia u< wmøjH uqiq c,h jeisls<s wdY%s;j ksmofjk

wm c,h fõ'

fuys b;d wêl jYfhka úúO fmdaIH mod¾: fukau

tajd u; hefmk ydkslr nelaàßhd j¾.o cSj;a fõ'

tneúka ksis msßmyÿjlska f;drj fuu wm c,h

mßirhg tla lsÍu je,elaùu c, k, ld¾ñlhl= i;=

j.lSu fõ'

fuf,i fuu u< ñY%s; wm c,h neyer lsÍug wod<

úúO jQ jeo.;a lreKq my; olajd we;'

4.2 úúO fudaia;rfha jeisls<s ^Water Closet) yd tajd iúlr .ekSu'

úúO yevfha iy fudaia;rfha jeisls<s j¾. wo

fj<|fmdf,a mj;S' fïjd iúlr .eksfïos tajdgu

iqúfYaI jQ wldr ms<sn| ie<ls,u;a úh hq;==

w;r"

b;d úfYaIfhka u jeisl<sfha

mdoia:h (Pedestal) *a,Ia moaO;sh

(flush system) yd iqkuH k,h

(Flexible hose) iúlsßu ms<sn| c,

k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a wjOdkh

fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

Anchor bolt

27

S Trap

P Trap

fuysoS jeisls<s mdoia:h fmd<jgu iúlsÍfïoS th Ndú;fhaoS fi,ùu fyda

meoaoSu isÿ fkdjk whqßka fyd|ska uÜgï lr ^f,j,a lr& iúlr .eksu jeo.;a

fõ'

fuysoS iúlr .ekSug fhdod.kakd kex.=rï uqßÉÑ ( Anchor Bolts) úúO uy;

m%udKj,ska ,nd.; yelsjk w;r" tu jeisls<s Yla;su;aj iúlsßug .e,fmk

;rfï h;=re weK fhdod .ekSu yd tajd kej; .,jd .ekSu myiq jk f,i ,sysis

f;,a fhoSu jeo.;a jkq we;'

fuu uqᐥ weK wdrCIdjg wdjrKhla fhdod.; yels w;r" th yqKq nodu fyda

meßia noduh jeks >k wdjrKhla fkdúh hq;=h'

*a,Ia moaO;sh (flush system) iúlr .ekSu ms<sn| fyd| wjOdkhla ,ndosh hq;=

w;r" tys c, Wmdx. ikaêjk ia:dk c,frdaOl ^c,h ldkaÿ fkdjk& lsßu b;d

jeo.;a fõ' fuysoS ksIamdolhska i|yka lr we;s mßos ks¾foaYs; weiqreï fuu

c, Wmdx. ikaêjk ia:dkhkays fhdod .; hq;=h'

jeisls<s gexlsh ^Cistern) ;=< fnda, bms,a ï lmdghla ^Ball Float Valve) we;'

fuys msgdr uÜgu wjYH mßos fjkialr .ekSu u.ska jeisls<s gexlsh ;=<

^Cistern) msfrk c, m%udKh wvq$jeä lr.; yel'

uQ,sl wjia:dfõoS c, uÜgu wjuj mj;ajd .ekSu iqÿiq jk w;r" *a,Ia moaO;sh

(flush system) i|yd mj;sk c, mßudj m%udKj;a fkdfõkï muKla tu c,

uÜgu jeä lsÍu ks¾foaY l< yel'

u<dmjyk moaO;sh yd iïnkaOjk jeisls<s fmdaÉÑfha msgjqï lmdg ksjerosj yd

ldkaÿ fkdjk mßos iúlr .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a wúêu;a

iúlsßula u.ska wm c, moaO;sfha ì|jeàulg fukau c, Wmdx.j,g yd

flduvfha w,dNhla isÿùug fya;= jkq we;'

28

jeisls<s fmdaÉÑ iú lsÍfï oS wd;;shlg ,lajk ikaê .e,ù hdu fyda tys we;s

iïnkaOk ms.ka .fvd,a jeks oDV iïnkaOkj,ska ks¾udKh ù we;akï tys

l%shdldÍ;ajh iy l,ameje;aug ndOd úh yel' tysoS iú l< hq;= fldgia tl

t,af,a msysáh hq;= w;r" l=vd fyda w;miqùï yryd úYd, .eg¿ldÍ ;;a;aj j,g

uqyqK oSug isÿ úh yelsh'

4.3 msßisÿ c,h /f.k tk msúiqï k, jeisls<s c, fmÜáhg yd jeisls<s

Ijrhg iú lsÍu (Fixing Fresh Water to bidet shower and water closet)

jeisls<s moaO;s i|yd msßisÿ c, iemhqï folla wjYH jk w;r " fuh w`.,a ½

k, u.ska ,nd foa' fuys k, t,fïoS c, k, jeisls<s ì;a;sfha ndysr ia:rfhka

oeóug iqÿiq jk w;r" iq¿ iSreudrejla lr.ekSu i|yd kuH jQ iQodkula

iys;j iEu c, k, fldgilau iúlsÍu yd ue,shï fhoSu isÿl< hq;= fõ'

tfukau Faucet Socket ys uqyqK; ì;a;sh yd tl fm,g iú l, hq;=hs' fndfyda

wjia:d j, k< t,Su isÿ lrkq ,nkafka ghs,a we,a,Sug fmrhs' tneúka ghs,a

we,a,Sfuka miq u;= msg ia:rfha msysàu ms<sn| o< wjfndaOhla ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

flá os. flfjks mej;Su uÕska c,h ldkaÿ fkdjk mßos iú lsÍug fkdyels

jk w;ru flfjks wkjYH mßos os.=j mej;Sfuka jeisls<s yd kdk ldur j,

fkdms<sfj, .;sh ms<sìUq fõ'

29

4.4 kdk ldur (Wash Rooms)

c, Wmdx. iú lsÍu yd k< t,Sug wod, ;j;a

jeo.;a ia:dkhls kdk ldurh' thg fya;=j kï" kdk

ldur fm!oa.,sl;ajh /l fok ia:dkhla jk w;r"

tys c, ldkaÿ ùula fyda ì| jeàula ksid ksjeishka

fyda mßfNdackh lrkakka wmyiq;djhg m;aùuhs'

fï fya;=fjka kdk ldur wdY%s; l%uj;a c, k<

t<Sula fukau ;;ajfhka Wiia c, Wmdx. iú lsÍuo

jeo.;a fõ' fuh c, ldkaÿ j<lajd .ekSu fukau

c,h kdia;sh wju lr .ekSugo bjy,a jkq we;'

4.5 kdk ldurfha Wmdx. w;r mj;ajd .; hq;= mr;rh (Spacing between

elements)

fyd| c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i ck;d m%idoh fukau c, k< ld¾ñl

Ys,amSka i|yd b,a ula we;s lrùu i|ydo w;HdjYH idOlhla f,i Wmdx.

w;r kshñ; yd m%Yia: mr;r mj;ajd .ekSu yd tajd ksjerosj iú lsÍu

ie<lsh yel'

fuh fm!oa.,sl ia:dkhls

30

j¾;udkfha mj;sk fndfyda kdk ldur yd

jeisls<s j, Wmdx. w;r m%Yia: mr;r

fkdmj;sk neúka ksis mr;rhka fhdod

.ekSfuka" th Ndú;d lrkakkaf.a

;Dma;su;a Ndjh /l .kakd w;ru buy;a

úhoula fhdod f.dvkÕkq ,nk jeisls<s

kdk ldur j, ld¾hCI;djh mj;ajd .;

yel' fuys j.lSu c, k< ld¾ñl

Ys,amshd i;= j.lSu fõ'

tneúka" kdk ldur jeisls<s i|yd mj;sk

bv m%ia:dj l%uj;aj ie<iqï .; fldg

ì;a;sh" jeisls<s fmdaÉÑh" uqyqK fidaok

fíiu" Ijrh" fodr" lrdu fukau jeisls<s

Odrlh" ;=jd r|jkh hk fï ish¿u wx.

Wmdx. .ek ie<ls<su;aj tajdg wjYH

;rfï mr;r mj;ajd .ekSug l%shd l<

hq;= fõ'

4.6 foHdar gexlsh yd isiagkh (Flush Tank and Cistern)

uQ;% l=àr iy jeisls< fmdaÉÑ i|yd fiaÿï osh ,nd oSug foHdar gexls iú l<

hq;=h' fïjd úúO j¾. j, yd úúO yevhkaf.ka mj;S'

foHdar gexls j, mj;sk foHdar jE,aj l=vd c, mßudjk msg lsÍu i|yd

ks¾udKh ù we;s kuq;a we;eï foHdar gexls úYd, c, Odß;djhla .nvd lsÍug

ks¾udKh ù we;'

fujeks iïnkaOk ms<sn| jeä úia;r fuu fudähq,h uÕska meyeos,s lrkq

fkd,efí'

31

4.7 c, wejqreu (Water Seals)

c, wejqreï ks¾udKh ù we;af;a l=iaish fyda jeisls<s

;=,g ÿ¾.kaOh fyda fjk;a wmú;% jdhQka we;=,a ùu

md,kh lsÍug fukau" >k wmøjH c, wmjyk

moaO;shg we;=,a ù th wjysr ùu je<elaùu i|ydhs'

tneúka" c, wmjykh i|yd jk jeisls<s fyda

uq¿;ekaf.hs wmc, msgdr k< i|yd c, wejqreï

fhoSu jeo.;a fõ'

úúO wdldr j, c, wejqreï ;snqKo tlS ish,af,ys

wruqK iu fõ' we;eï c, wejqreï j, msßisÿ lsÍfï

ljq mj;sk w;r" we;eï tajdfha lrljd .,jd bj;a

l< yels fnda;,a lrla iys; meila wdldrfha fldgila

mj;S'

fujka c, wejqreï ie<lsh hq;= ld, mrdihlska msßisÿ

lsÍu uÕska c, wmjyk moaO;s wjysr ùu fyda tajd

wjysr ùfuka ms<silr lsÍug jeh jk wêl úhoï

j<lajd .ekSug yels jkq we;'

4.8 mhsmam ixjd;kh (Ventelation of Pipes)

ixjd;kh wmc, moaO;sh fhdod .ekSu wdldr follska jeo.;a fõ'

1. b;d úYd, c, mßudjla k< Tiafia tl jr bj;aùu fya;=fjka c, l|g

msgqmiska rsla;lhla we;s ùu j<lajd .ekSug kï c, k<h ;=,g kejqï

jd;h .,d tau i|yd bv m%ia:d ;sìh hq;=hs'

2. wmc, moaO;sh wl%shj mj;sk wjia:d j,oS wmc, moaO;sfha ksmo fjk jdhq

Odrd moaO;sh mqrd Wvq w;g .uka lrkq ,efí' fuu jdhq Odrd bj;a lsÍu

i|ydo ixjd;k k< ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

32

fuu k<hkays úYalïNh .Kkh lsÍu uÕska c, k< j, jg m%udKh ;SrKh

lr iqÿiq m%udK f;dard .ekSug yels w;r" jeä ÿr f;dr;=re fuu fmd; wdY%s;j

imhkq fkd,efí'

tkuq;a" mfilska fmkakqï lrk rEmh

wOHhkh lsÍfuka wmc, k<

ixjd;kh lsÍu yd ta i|yd moaO;sh

mqrdjg k< fhdod .kq ,eîu fukau

k< j, m%udKh fjkia lsÍu ms<sn|

o< woyila ,nd .ekSug yel'

4.9 wmc,h l%uj;aj neyer lsÍu i|yd k< wkql%uKfha wjYH;djh

(Maintainig Slopes)

wmc, moaO;sh wkql%uKh ^l%ufhka my;aj yd we,j msysgqùu& ta ;=<ska msgjk

wmc,h iïmQ¾Kfhka neyer lsÍug w;HjYH idOlhls' fuysoS kshñ; nEjqula

mj;ajd .ekSug mj;ajd .ekSu jeo.;a jk w;r" th 1(50 isg 1( 100 w;r

mej;Su fhda.H fõ' fuhg fya;=j kï wmc,h b;d fiñka bj;a ùu uÕska wmc,

fldgia ;ekam;a ùu je<elaùu yd th b;d fõ.fhka bj;a ùug hdfuka wmc,

moaO;shg ydks ùu je<elaùuhs¡

4.10 ÿ¾.kaOh we;s ùu md,kh (Odour Control)

ÿ¾.kaOh iys; jeisls<s moaO;s Ndú;hg wm%ikak jk w;r" ta i|yd ËKsl

ms<shï fhoSu w;HjYH fõ' fuf,i ÿ¾.kaOh yeóu hkq wmssßisÿ jd;h ñY%s;

mßirhla ks¾udKh ùu jk w;r" tjeks jQ mßirhl oS¾> ld,hla /|S isàu

fi!LHhg ys;lr fkdfõ'

fujeks ÿ¾.kaOhla we;s ùug fya;= ldrKd úYd, m%udKhla ;sìh yels w;r"

tys m%Odku m%Njh f,i jeisls<s fmdaÉÑh ie<lsh yel'

33

wm c, mßjyk moaO;sfha ksis wdldrfha ixjyk k< fkdmej;Su fya;= fldg

f.k wm c, moaO;sh wdY%s;j ksmofjk jdhq Odrdjka by<g .uka fldg

mhsmamfha iSñ; fldgil tlaùu uÕska tys we;s jk mSvkh fya;= fldg f.k c,

wejqrefï we;s c,fha osh ù jeisls<sh fyda uq¿;ekaf.h we;=,; mßirhg tl;=

ùu isÿ fõ'

ÿ¾.kaOh we;s jk wfkl=;a m%Odk

m%Njh c, wejqreula fkdmj;sk

jeissls<s oshj,hs' fï fya;=fjka

wmc, moaO;sh li< ldKqj yd

iïnkaOj we;s kï wksjd¾Hfhkau

tajdfha ksis whqßka ilia lrk ,o

ixjyk k< yd c, wejqreï ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

4.11 msßisÿ lsÍfï m%Njh (Cleaning Avenues)

jeisls<s" uqyqK fiaÿï fíiu" jeisls<s oshj," fros fiaÿï hka;%h" kdk fíiu"

uq¿;ekaf.hs fiaÿï fíiu wdosfhka ñksia mßfNdackfhka miq bj;ajk c,h wm

c,h f,i ie,fla'

fuu c,h jeisls,s fyda uq ;ekaf.hska msgjk wm c, moaO;shg uqiqjk w;r"

tajd neyerjk yd mßjykh jk lskï fyda ia:dkhloS wjysr ùug yelshdj

mj;S' fuh j,lajd .ekSu i|yd wm c, mßjyk moaO;sfha wm c,h neyer jk

ia:dk wdikakfhau ks;r msßisÿ lsÍug yels jk whqßka újr ;nd we;s w;r"

wjysr;djla we;s jQ wjia:dj,oS fhdod.ekSug k, moaO;sh mqrdjgu úúO

y÷kd.;a ia:dkj, msßisÿ lsÍfï újr fhdod.eksu iqÿiq fõ'

34

wmc, moaO;sfha keuqï mj;sk ia:dkj, wjysr;djla we;sùug oeä m%jK;djla

we;s w;r" tjka ia:dkj, fYdaOk mqvq fyda uKq Å, (Manhole) fhdod.ekSu

fhda.H fõ' moaO;sh mqrdjg jeä fYdaOk mqvq m%udKhla ;sîu wjysr;d

u.yeÍug u. mdok w;ru taajd wju ùu wjysr;d ksid moaO;sh wl%shúug

m%Odk fya;= idOlhla fõ' tneúka msßisÿ lsÍug yelsjk whqßka kshñ;a ÿr

m%udK yd keuqï mj;sk ia:dk ms,sn| wjOdkh fhduqfldg fYdaOk mqvq fhosu

jeo.;a fõ'

4.12 ia:dmkh lsÍfï jevms<sfj, (Neatness of Installations)

lsishï c, k, t,Sul ms<sfj," th isÿ lrkq ,nk ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a ms<sfj,

ksrEmKh lrhs' th Tyq fyda weh kej;;a lsishï ld¾hhla i|yd fhdackd

lsÍug fyda le|ùulg fya;= jkq we;' tneúka c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i

Tn my; lreKq ms<sn| ie<ls,su;aj tajd ms<sfj,lg bgq lsÍu jeo.;a jkq we;'

1. kshñ; m%ñ;shg wkqj mhsmam lemSu'

2. mhsmam k, w.a.siai kshñ; mßos uDÿ lsßu'

3. mhsmam iúlsßfïoS th r;alr iú lsÍfï l%uh Ndú;hg fkd.ekSu'

4. iudka;rj t,kq ,nk mhsmam w;r iudk mr;r mj;ajd .ekSu'

5. ;sriaj yd isriaj k, t,su'

Manholes

Handling hook

35

6. k, lSmhla ñáhla f,i we;s úg tajd tlu ia:dkhlska keóu'

7. c, k, yd Wmdx. tajd keófï oS tlsfkl .efgk f,i ia:dk.;

lsÍfuka je,lSu'

8. c, Wmdx. iú lsÍfï oS WmfoaYs; yd m%ñ;sfhka hq;= Wi uÜgï mj;ajd

.ekSu'

9. k, t,Su i|yd f.dv.ke.s,a,l miqmi fldgi m%fhdackh .ekSu'

10. uKqÅ, odrhka iy u;=msg ksudj ms,sfj<lg ieliSu'

11. k, /|ùu i|yd /|jqï fldl= (Handling Hooks) Ndú;d lsßu'

12. wju ndOl iys; ia:dkhla uKqÅ, f.dvke.SfïoS fhdod .ekSu'

fujka ldrKd ms<sn| Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduqùu Tnf.a bosß jD;a;Sh

f.dvkexùug fya;= jkq we;'

4.13 ie,iqï lshùu yd f;areï .ekSu (Understanding Drawings)

f.dvke.s,s wdY%s;j ieliQ ie,iqï lshjd f;areï .ekSfï yelshdj c, k,

ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= i;= úh hq;=h' ie,iqïlrejka yd ks¾udKlrejka k, t,Sug

wod< jeisls<s yd uq ;ekaf.h wdY%s; wm c, moaO;s fukau" jeis c,h /iafldg

tajd bj;a lsÍug wod< ie,iqï o" ie,iqïj, we;=,;a lrkq ,efí'

fïjd igyka lsÍfïoS yd ksrEmKh lsÍug fhdod.kakd f¾Ld j¾. tlsfklg

fjkia jk w;r" tu k, t,Su tlsfklg fjkia jQ ta ta wm c, j¾.hkg iqÿiq

wdldrfhka isÿ l< hq;= fõ'

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amSka yg uQ,sl wjia:dfõoS c, k< moaO;s j, ie<iqï

f;areï .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu idudkHfhka fmdÿ lreKls' tfy;a ie,iqï

lsysmhla jgyd .ekSfuka wk;=rej tu wmyiq;djh uÕ yeÍ hkq we;' tfukau

oaúudk ie<iqï u.ska úYd, woyila fyda úia;r ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jk w;r"

36

;%sudK ie<iqï fhdod .ekSu u.ska jvd úia;rd;aul yd meyeos,s Ñ;%hla ,nd osh

yel'

fuysoS" c, k< moaO;s fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd f¾Ld fhdod .kq ,nk w;r" úúO

c, Wmdx. yd k< t,Sfï l%ufõo ixfla; wdYs%;j ksrEmKh lrkq ,efí'

my;ska olajd we;af;a tjka jQ ;%sudK ie<iquls'

37

5 WKqiqï c, moaO;sh ieflúka (Hot water in a flash)

Y%S ,xldfõ úfYaIfhkau l÷lr m%foaYhka ys rd;%S ld,fha WIaK;ajh my< hkq

,nk w;r" WKqiqï c, Ndú;h fï fya;=fjka j¾Okh ù mj;S' mdßfNda.slhka

úúO WKqiqï c, m%Nj fhdod .ksñka WKqiqï c,h ksmojd .ekSu c, iïmdok

yd c,dmjyk uKav,fha c, iemhqug ndOd t,a, fkdl,o mdrsfNda.sl ck;dj

WKqiqï c, moaO;shla ilia fldg th ksjerosj mj;ajd f.k hdug oekqj;a

lsrSu c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a hq;=luls'

uQ,slj WKqiqï c,h ksmoùug c,h WKqiqï lsÍfï m%Njhla wjYH fõ' fï

i|yd iQ¾h fldaI" úÿ,s n,h u.ska l%shd lrk .sir (Geyser) yd c,h

WKqlsrSfï ;dmlhka fhdod .kq ,nhs' fï ljr wdldrfha m%Njhka fhdod .;a; o

WKqiqï c, k, ieliqu isis,a c, k, ieliqfuka fjkia jQ wdldrhl .kS'

WKqiqï c, k, moaO;shg wod< c, k, yd Wmdx. fukau tajd iúlr .ekSu o

isis,a c, moaO;shla ieliSfï m%ñ;Skag yd iïu;hkag jvd fjkia fõ'

Mixer taps Geysers

38

iQ¾hh fldaI u.ska c,h WKqiqï lsÍu i|yd idudkHfhka iQ¾hh fldaI jy<h

u; iú lsÍu isÿ lrhs' fuysoS iQ¾hh mek, u.ska Bg wdikakfha mj;sk

gexlsfha we;s c,h WKqiqï lrkq ,nk w;r" tu c,h kdk ldur olajd fhduq

lrhs'

.sir u.ska úÿ,s n,h fhdod .ksñka hï c, mßudjla WKqiqï lrkq ,nk w;r

úÿ,s ;dml u.ska th Tiafia c,h .uka lrk wjia:dfõ wêl n,hla fhdod

.ksñka c,h WKqiqï lrk iQ;%sl Ndú;fhka c,h WKqiqï lrkq ,nhs'

iQ¾hh n,Yla;sh c,h WKqiqï lsÍfï m%Njhla f,i fhdod .kS'

ñY%K u.ska m%Yia: ;;a;ajhg WKqiqï yd isis,a c,h ñY% lsÍfuka mßfNdackhg

wjYH mßos uo isis,a fyda uo WKqiqï c,h ,nd foa'

WKqiqï c,h mßjykhg fhdod .kakd c, k,

;U ^Copper& fyda fmd,s fm%dms,Ska úh yel'

fuysoS fhdod .kakd c, Wmdx. isis,a c,

moaO;shla muKla we;s wjia;djl oS fhdod .kakd

Wmdx. j,g jvd fjkia jk w;r fuysoS ñY%

lsÍfï c, lmdg yd lrdu Ndú; fõ'

jeäÿr úia;r fuys bosßm;a fkdjk w;r tu

oekqu jeäÿr wOHhkfhaoS ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

39

6 wmc,h neyer lsÍu (Waste Water Disposal General)

.Dyia: mQ;sl moaO;shla m%Odk wx. 02 lska iukaú; fõ'

1. mQ;sl gexlsh (Septic Tank)

2. fm`.jqï moaO;sh $ fm`.jqï j, (Drain field)

fuu tla tla wx.h" wm c,h neyerlsÍfï oS iy msßhï lsÍfïoS tu wx.hkag

iqúfYaI jQ ^wdfõKsl jQ& l¾;jHhla isÿ lrhs'

mQ;sl moaO;s ks¾udKh lsÍfïoS ksjeros Ys,amSh l%u Ndú;h iy tu moaO;s

ksishdldrj kv;a;= lsÍu u.ska .Dyia: wm c,h ksisf,i l<uKdlrKh lsÍu;a

mßirhg isÿjk ydksh wju jk f,i tu wm c,h neyr lsÍu;a isÿ l< yel'

6.1 mQ;sl gexlsh (Septic Tank)

mQ;sl gexls ks¾udKh lsÍfïoS" osk 02-03 l ld,hla u<dmjyk ta ;=< r`ojd

;nd .ekSug yelsjk úYd,;ajhlska hq;=j ks¾udKh l< hq;=h' tu ld,h ;=<oS"

gexlsfha r`ojd we;s u<dmjyk WKq ukaä ^fmK&" frdkafndr iy øj wmikaoj

ngj ì`o jeàu isÿ fõ'

>køjH fndfyduhla frdkauv

f,ig m;=,g lsod nisk w;r

" mdfjk .%Sia ;Ügq" fïo$f;,a

j¾. iy ysiflia WKquKaä

ia:rh iEoSug odhl fõ'

fuu ia:r fol w;r we;s øj

wmikaoh" neyer lsÍfï

l,dmhg jEiafik w;r" >k

øjH ish,a, cSrKh ù CIø

cSú l%shdldrs;ajh ksid fkdfhl=;a jdhqka njg mßj¾;kh fõ'

40

idudkHfhka mQ;sl gexlshl Odß;djh" th mßyrKh lrk mqoa.,hska .Kk

wkqj ;SrKh l<hq;= fõ' o< jYfhka" mqoa.,hska miafofkl= iásk mjq,la i`oyd

wju 2250-Wmßu 3000 L Odß;djhlska hqla; jQ mQ;sl gexlshla wjYH fõ'

6.2 fm`.jqï j, iy neyer lsÍfï l,dmh (Soakage Pit and Disposal Field)

neyer lsÍfï l,dm" fm`.jqï j,la" drain

field fyda leach field tlla úh yels w;r"

mQ;sl gexlsfhka msgjk wm c,h fuu

neeyr lsÍfï l,dmhg ksl=;a flf¾'

fm`.jqï j, i`oyd" fmdf,dfõ ydrk ,o

^lKsk ,o& óg¾ 3-4'5 muK Wie;s j<la

Ndú;d lrk w;r th fmryka øjH j,ska

mqrjkq ,nhs' tys by,u fldgfia ^by<u

750mm) wdrCIdj i`oyd tu fldgi ì;a;shlska wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs' fm`.jqï

j,l m%udKh fuh msysgd we;s fmd,fõ mia j¾.h u; m%Odkj fjksia fõ'

we;eï m<d;aj, N+ñfha iajNdjhg wkqj"

fjku .eUqre j,j,a yEÍu ^leKSï& ÿIalr

jk ksid drain field fyda leach field f.dvk.d

we;' drain field hkq isÿre iys; fmdf<dj

háka t,d we;s k, moaO;shla jk w;r" th

ñ,sógr 300 la >klu iys; fndr¿ ia:rhla

jidf.k t,d we;' fuu isÿre iy;s k,

u.ska" neyer lsÍfï l,dmh mqrdjgu wm

c,h fnodyÍ'

41

6.3 neyer lsÍfï l,dm kv;a;= lsßu (Maintenance of Disposal Field)

fm`.jqï l,dm mßyrKfhaos my; wdrCIl ks¾foaY ms<smeosh hq;= fõ'

1. neyer,Sfï l,dm u;ska ßh meoùu fyda tu l,dm u; jdyk .d,a lsÍu o

fkdl< hq;=h'

fya;=j" fuu.ska neyerlsÍfï l,dm u; w;sf¾l nrla ks¾udKh ù mhsmam

ikaê " distribution boxes , manifolds & laterals j,g ydks isÿúh yels w;r

tu`.ska ld¾hCIu ldkaÿùfï Odß;dj wvqúh yel'

2. neyer,Sfï l,dmh wjg úisrekq .eUqre uQ, moaO;s iys; .ia isgùfuka

je<lSfuka ta u; wkjYH mSvkhla we;sùu j<lajk w;r t<d we;s k,

msmsßSu leãu yd msysàu fjkiaùu o je,elafõ'

fuu l,dm u; ;Kfld, jeùfuka l,dmhg isÿúh yels ydks wju lr.;

yels w;r" ^tys ,Sfl`os wdldr uq,a moaO;shla fkdue;s ksid& ;Kfld< i;=

úYsIag c,h Wrd .ekSfï .=Kdx. fuys iqrCIs;Ndjhg WmldÍ fõ'

3. u;=msg c, w;sßla;" fuu neyer lsÍfï l,dm fj;g fhduq fkdlsÍug

j.n,d.; hq;=hs' tfia ke;fyd;a wêl c, ldkaÿùula neyer lsÍfï

l,dmhg isÿjk w;r" wêNdrhla ùu ;=<ska fuu l,dmfha l%uj;aj

l%shd;aul ùu wvd, fõ'

4. m%Odk f.dvke.s,a,g wu;rj" jdyk .uka lsÍug ud¾." w;sf¾l

f.dvke.s,s fyda fjk;a lsisu wdldrfha boslsÍula mQ;sl moaO;sh u;=msg

N+ñfha fkdlsÍug j.n,d.; hq;= fõ' fujka ´kEu ióm boslsÍulska we;s

úh yels w;sf¾l mSvkh mQ;sl moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajhg wys;lr n,mEï

t,a, l< yel'

42

6.4 ks¾foaYs; l%shd;aul lsÍfï yd kv;a;= lsÍfï Í;s (Operation and

Maintenance)

ta ta m%foaY j, mj;sk l,dmSh wêldÍka úiska md,kh lrkq ,nk m%dfoaYSh

wmc, moaO;s j,g jvd .Dyia:j bos lrkq ,nk wmc, moaO;s fjkia fõ'

6.5 mQ;sl moaO;s l%shdldß;ajh (Septic system Operation)

1. jeisls<s iy l=vd ldurj, we;s ish¿ ldkaÿùï m%;sixialrKh lsÍu'

2. f;,a" fïo fyda .%Sia j¾. uq¿;ekaf.hs fidfrdõ fíiug (Sink) neyer

lsÍfuka j,lskak' tu øjH k, moaO;sh wNHka;rfha ;ekam;a ùfuka

wkjYH kv;a;= lsÍu wjYH fõ'

3. wdydr wmøjH /`oS ;sîfuka wj,ïNs; >k øj m%udKh " biomass iy mQ;sl

gexlsh ;=< ødjl mSvkh by, hdfuka neyer,Sfï l,dmfha l%shdldß;ajh

wvqùu fukau mQ;sl gexlsh fmdïm lsÍfï jdr .Kk jeäùu ksid wmøjH

mQ;sl moaO;sh ;=<g tl;= lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;=h'

4. c, k, moaO;sh ;=< wjysr;d we;sùu fukau mQ;sl gexlsh wkjYH f,i

(Prematurely) fmdïm lsÍug isÿjk ksid osrdm;a fkdjk øjH

Wod ( neyerosh yels vhmr " is./Ügq *s,agr " ikSmdrCIl ;=jd " lvodis

;=jd " fldkavu& fidfrdõ fíiu ( Sink) fyda jeisls<s yryd neyer lsÍfuka

je<lS isàu'

5. mQ;sl moaO;s wl¾ukH ùu fukau N+.; c,h ¥IKh ùu ksid úI øjH

fidfrdõ fíiu (Sink) fyda jeisls< yryd neyer lsÍfuka je<lS isàu'

Wod (

wyl ouk motd oil ^ pd,l f;,a &" wpl%Sh fmakaÜ j¾. (oil based or

acyclic paints) jd¾ksIa" PdhdrEmlrK ødjl" lDñkdYl iy ldnksl

ødjl ì

43

6.6 mQ;sl moaO;s kv;a;= lsÍu (Septic system Maintenance)

mQ;sl moaO;sfha tla tla wx. msysgd we;s ia:dk ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu

i|yd tys ish¨u fldgia j, ^ c, k, iy iïnkaOl k," fnodyeÍfï fldgq

(distribution boxes), mQ;sl gexls iy neyer,Sfï l,dmh& msysàu olajñka o<

rEm igykla kv;a;= lsßu b;d jeo.;a fõ' fuu.ska hka;% iQ;% iy leKSï hka;%

u.ska mQ;sl moaO;shg isÿúh yels yosis ydks wju lr .ekSug;a kv;a;= lsrSfua

yd w¨;ajeähd lsÍfï lghq;= j,os w;sf¾l iyhla ,ndoSug;a yelsjkq we;'

idudkHfhka mQ;sl gexlsh ;=,g u,dmjyk tl;=ùfï iS>%;dj tu wmøjh

CIøcSù l%shdldß;ajhka u.ska osrdm;a lrùfï iS>%;djhg jvd jeä fyhska mQ;sl

gexls ;=< frdkauv tl;= ùu ks;sm;d isÿ fõ' fuu frdkauv ks;r ks;r fmdïm

lr bj;alsÍu u.ska mQ;sl moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajh fyd|ska ;nd.ekSug;a

neyer,k l,dmh l%uj;aj l%shdlsÍu mj;ajd .ekSug;a yels fõ'

6.7 mQ;sl moaO;s ì|jeàul oS (If the system fails)

f.ysñhd úiska mq;sl moaO;sfha ukd l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn|j ks;s wjOdkfhka

isáh hq;= w;r" mQ;sl moaO;s ì|jeàula ye`.fjk i,l=Kq y÷kd.eksug o iu;a

úh hq;=h' tkï"

1. jeisls<s c,h neihEu b;d fiñka isÿùu fyda toilet backing into the house.

fuhska ye`.fjkafka mQ;sl gexls fmdïm lsÍug iy $ neyer,Sfï l,dmfha

ødjl neyer lsÍfï w;s ner (hydraulically over loaded) ù we;s neúka wm

c,h b;du;a fiñka neyer,Sfï l,dmfhka neyerj há mig .,dhk njls'

2. mdksh c,h ,nd.kakd <sf|a c,h wñysß rihlska iy ms<sl=,a .kaOhlska

hqla; ùu'

fuh N+.; c,h ¥Is; ù we;s njg ye`.fjk i,l=Kla ksid" jydu

l%shd;aul jk mßo ;u <sx c,h ,`.u we;s úoHd.drfhka mÍCId lrjd .;

44

hq;=h' ^ fuu mÍCIKfhaoS ldnka ridhk øjH úYaf,aIKh isÿ lr we;aoehs

Tn fidhd n,kak'&

,`.u we;s cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,fha úoHd.drhg Tfí

<sf`oa c, idïm,hla ,ndoSfuka fuu mÍlaIKh isÿ lrjd .; yel' ^wod<

.dia;=j Tn úiska f.úh hq;= fõ' &

6.8 .%Sia r|jkh (Grease Trap)

uq¿;ekaf.hs wmøjH mQ;sl gexls ;=<g neyer lsÍfïoS tys wvx.= f;,a yd fïo

øjH ksid mQ;sl gexlsh ;=< CIqø cSù l%shdldß;ajh isÿ fkdjk fjku ia:rhla

f.dv kef.a' fuu.ska fïo ;Ügq wm c,h u; mdùu ksid cSj l%shd isÿùug

wjysr;d u;= fõ' fï fya;=ka ksid mQ;sl gexlsh wl¾uKH ùfï iy wm%ikak

.kaOhla msgùfï wjia:d Wodfõ' óg wu;rj" mQ;sl gexlsh wkjYH f,i

m%idrKh ^bosóu& ùu iy tys we;s WvquKaä ^fmK& fm`.jqï j, fj; .,dhduo

isÿúh yel' fuu fya;=ka u.yrjd .ekSug uq¿;ekaf.hs wm c,h mQ;sl gexlshg

uqod yeÍug fmr f;,a yd fïo gexlsh fj; hdug bv ie,eiaúh hq;= fõ'

45

.%Sia r|jkh hkq f;,a iy .%Sia r|jd ;nd .ksñka wm c,h muKla mQ;sl gexlsh

fj; fhduqlrkakd jQ ir, wegjquls'

kEfïoS yd fros fiaoSfïoS msgjk fiaÿï c,fhys ixhq;sh fndfyda ÿrg fjkiajk

fyhska tu c,h msßmyÿ lsÍu fjka fjka jYfhka isÿ l< hq;=h' fiaÿï c,fha"

ffcùh ixhq;sh fndfyda ÿrg b;d wvqjk w;r" CId,l ixhq;sh ie,ls,su;a úh

hq;= w.hl mj;S' fuu CId,l CIqø cSù ^nelaàßhd & l%shdldß;ajhg wys;lr

jk neúka fï i|yd fjku j<la fhdod .eksu jvd;a fhda.H jk w;r tai |yd

wjYH bv myiqlï fkdue;s wjia:djloS fuu fiaÿï c,h" fm`.jqï j, fj;

heùu jvd iqÿiq fõ'

46

7 jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu ^tla/ia lsÍu& yd neyer lsÍu (Rain Water

Harvesting and Disposal)

7.1 jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu ^tla/ia lsÍu& (Rain Water Harvesting)

wmf.a tosfkod wjYH;d imqrd,Sug ;rï m%udKj;a c, Odß;djla oekg mj;sk

c, m%Nj u.ska fkd,eîu ksid úl,am c, m%Nj fidhd .ekSug wmg isÿ ù we;'

c, m%Nj ¥IKh ùu jeäùu;a iuÕu c,h i|yd f.úh hq;= msßjeh o jeä ù

we;' fuhg ,nd osh yels úi÷ï w;ßka jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu fndfyda fihska

id¾:l úi÷uls' tosfkod Ndú; lrk c,fhka jeä fldgila jdyk fiaoSu" fros

fiaoSu iy f.j;= j.dj wdoS jQ jev lghq;= j,g jehjk w;r fuu c,fhka

b;d iq¿ fldgila muKla mdkSh c,h f,i m%fhdackhg .kS'

WodyrKhla f,i jHdmdßl fCIa;%fha oS mßfNdackg .kakd c,fhka 85] l

muK m%udKhla mdkSh c, m%ñ;sfhka wkql+, ùu wjYH fkdfõ'

ksjig wjYH c,fhka 55] la muK jeis c,h u.ska ,nd .; yel'

jeis c, tla/ia lsÍfï l%u w;ßka jvd;a iq,N jkqfha ksjfia jy<hg jefgk

c,h jy<h osf.a rErd f.dia jeys msys<s yryd hdug ie,eiaùuhs' fuysoS

fmrykla Ndú;d fkdflfrk w;r .iaj, m;% iy wfkl=;a iqkanqka jy<h iy

mS,S Tiafia .,dhdfïoS bj;a fõ' fuf,i t;a /ia lr.kakd c,h fmdf<dj hg

fyda jy< u; msysá gexlshl ixrCIKh muKla fkdj c,h i|yd oeßh hq;=

msßjeh wvqùula o isÿ fõ'

47

.Dyia: mßfNdackh i|yd jeis c,h mßfNdackh lsÍu "jeis c,h wiajeoaoSu"

f,i ye|skafjk w;r" c, ysÕfhka fmf,k m%foaYj, fuh b;du;a jeo.;a

ixl,amhla fõ' tla /ia lr .kakd c,h Ndú;hg iqÿiq jkafka tu c,fha

.=Kd;aul Ndjh ksis m%ñ;Skag wkql+, jk úg muKla jk w;r fuu c,h

mßfNdackg fmr hï;dla ÿrg úIîc kdYlh iy fmÍu w;HdjYH fõ' jeis

c,h tla/ia lsÍfï oS wdrïNfhaoS weo yef,k j¾Idj tl;= fkdlrk w;r" jeis

c,h tla /ia lsÍug m%:u jy<h iy mSys,s msßisÿ l< hq;=fõ'

7.2 jeis c, neyer lsÍu (Rain Water Disposal)

jeis c, wiajeoaoSfuka miq w;sßla; c,h

l%udkql+,j iy ld¾hCIuj neyer l<

hq;= fõ' jy<h yryd c, k, Tiafia

my<g c,h meñKSu l%udkql+,j ks¾udKh

lsÍfuka úYd, wd¾Ól ,dNhla i,id .;

yel' j¾;udkfha úúO udos,sfha jeis c,

neyer lsÍfï c,k, iy msys<s fj<|fmd<

;=< olakg ,efnk w;r ksjeros f;aÍula

u.ska isÿ úh yels ydks wju lr .; yel'

tosfkod mßfNdackh i|yd msßisÿ jeis c,h wjYH m%udKhg /ia lsÍfuka miq

iy úh<s ld,j,g wjYH ;rï m%udKj;a jeis c,h ixÑ; lsÍfuka miq muKla

jeis c,h neyer lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd i;=j fï iïnkaO

c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amSh oekqula ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

48

7.3 c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a j.lSu (Plumber's Duty in Rain Water)

jeis c,h tla/ia lsÍu" ixÑ; lsÍu iy w;sßla;h neyer lsÍu ms<sn|j c,

k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshd oekqj;a jQ miq ta i|yd wjYH c, k, moaO;s ks¾udKh

lsÍu tu Ys,amshd i;= j.lSuls' jeis c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amh o idudkH c, k,

ld¾ñl Ys,amh yd fndfyda fihska iudk jk Ys,mSh l%uhla jk w;r ta i|yd

wjYH uQ,sl oekqu fuu .%ka:h ;=<ska ,nd .; yel'

fuysoS ie,lsh hq;= jkafka f.dvke.s,af,a lsisÿ

msúiSï ud¾.hla wjysß fkdlrk yd f.dvke.s,a,g

jk ydksh wju jk f,i jeis c, k< moaO;s ilia

lsÍuhs' iEu wä 4 l mr;rhloSu jeis c, k,

i|yd jdre fhoSula wjYH jk w;r yels iEu

úgu keùï j,ska f;drj c, k< ilia l< hq;=h'

keùï w;HdjYH jQ úg th ks;r msßisÿ lsÍug

yels úh hq;= w;r ta i|yd myiq jk Wmdx. fhosh

hq;=h' Ydlm;% wdosh ksid c, k, we;=,;ska isrùu

isÿ úh yels ksid tajd bj;a lsÍug yels jk f,ig

c, k, moaO;s ks¾udKhh l< hq;=h' úúO wuqøjH

j,ska ieliQ msys<s iy Down pipe c, k,

fj<|fmd< ;=, nyq,j we;'

Wod ( PVC

Zinc Alum ^wudfkda ;yvq& ksjeros wuqøjH j,ska ksujQ c, k, f;dard .ekSu c,k, ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a

j.lSu jk w;r" N+ñ .; ixÑ; c, gexls iy k< moaO;s iú lsÍuo c, k,

ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a j.lSu fõ' fï i|yd wod< jeä úia;r Training Manual

^mqyqKq lsÍfï .%ka:h& ;=< i|yka lr we;'

49

8 ndOd rys; j; wdldrhg k< t,Su yd Wmdx. ia:dmkh (Barrier Free

Design)

wdndê; fyda fjk;a úfYaI l=i,;d

we;s mqoa.,hska f,i i,lkq ,nk

msßi cd;sl Y%u n,ldhg olajkq ,nk

odh;lajh wo jk úg jeäfjñka

mj;S' fï fya;=fjkau fndfyda fmdÿ

f.dvke.s,s ;=, Tjqka i|ydu

úfYaIs;j idok ,o kdk ldur iy

jeisls<s ks¾udKh lr we;'

fuysoS uQ,sl jYfhkau fuu kdk

ldur yd jeisls<s ;=, mj;ajd .; hq;=

ksoyia bv fukau úúO c, k, yd

Wmdx. w;r ;sìh hq;= m%ñ;s .; yd

ks¾foaYs; mr;r jeo.;a fõ' tu

m%ñ;Ska ilia fldg we;af;a wjYH

mßos úfYaI l=i,;d we;s mqoa.,hskaf.a

Ndú;hg iqÿiq jk yd yelsjk

wdldrhgh'

jD;a;Sh c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=

f,i fujka lrKq oek isàu fukau"

fujeks kdk ldur jeisls<s ks¾udKh fyda tajdfha Wmdx. iú lsÍfïoS mj;ajd

.; hq;= wju mr;r ms<sn| wjfndaOhla Tn i;=úh hq;=h'

frdao mqgqjla Ndú; lrkafkl= i|yd ndOd rys;j

boslrkq ,nk kdk ldur jeisls<s j,g wju

jYfhka ñ'ó' 920 l mr;r mj;ajd .; hq;=h'

tfukau kdk ldur fyda jeisls<s fodr o ñ'ó' 920

l m<,lska mej;sh hq;= fõ'

50

9 c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd (Plumbing Technician)

lsisÿ c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= ksjeros Wmdx. fkdue;sj iïmQ¾K fkdfõ'

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amh hkq jD;a;shla

jk w;r" b;d mq¿,a jQ oekqula"

wjfndaOhla iy jD;a;sh ksmqK;djhla

;sîu fuu fË;%fha we;s wNsfhda.

j,g fkdmiqngj uqyqK oSug bjy,a

jkq we;'

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i Tyqg fyda wehg msßisÿ c, yd wm c, moaO;s

j,g wod, c, k, yd Wmdx. iú lsÍu" tajd w¿;ajeähd lsÍu fukau tu moaO;s

j, ì| jeàï ms<silr lsÍug isÿ jkq we;' fuysoS f.dvkeÕs,s j, we;=,;

fukau msg;;a ;u ld¾hhkays ksr; ùug c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= yg isÿ jkq

we;' tfukau Tyqf.a$wehf.a jD;a;s fjk;a mqoa.,fhl= úiska isÿ l< fkdyels

w;ru" fuu ld¾ñl Ys,amshd úkhdkql+, fukau úYajdikSh;ajh iqrlsk

mqoa.,fhl= ùu w;HjYH idOlhls'

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd iudc idrO¾u f.dv k.d .;a" úYajdikSh iy úYajdi

l< yels mqoa.,hl= jk w;r" c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sfha ksmqK;dj yd

iajhx md,khla iys;j úYajdikSh;ajh /lSfuka foaYSh fukau b;d by<

b,a ula we;s cd;Hka;r fj,|fmd,g ;u fiajdj ie,iSug Tyqg$ wehg yels

jkq we;'

51

YS% ,xldfõ ;ju;a <|re wjêfha miqjk ck k< ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sfhys"

fndfyda úg kshef,kqfha lsisÿ jD;a;sh ksmqK;djhla fkd,o idudkH mqoa.,hka

fõ' fujka mqoa.,hskaf.a fkdyelshdj fya;= fldg f.k fndfyda wjia:d j, tu

fiajdj ,nd .kakd mqoa.,hd fkdi;=gg m;ajk w;ru" úúO wmyiq;d j,g ,la

fõ'

tneúka" c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sh YS% ,xldj ;=, ia:dms; lsÍfï uQ,sl

mshjrla f,i c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd hk mqoa.,hd ;u yelshdjkaa jeä oshqKq

lr .; hq;= w;ru" ksmqK;djh ,nd .ksñka ;u iudc ;;ajh Wiia lr .ekSug

fkdmiqng W;aidyhl fhosh hq;= fõ'

Tyq$weh ksrka;rfhkau msßisÿ yd ms<sfj,lska hq;a we÷ulska ierish hq;= w;r"

;u rdcldßh bgq lsÍug wjYH iEu WmlrKhlau yd iEu øjHhlau fiajdj

iemhSug hdfïoS /f.k hd hq;=h' fuysoS b;d jeo.;a ldrKdjla jYfhka úúO

øjH ^ue,shï$ l;=re$ w~q& iemhSug ksjeishkaf.a Wmldr n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fkdúh hq;= w;r" ;u fiajd odhlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajhg ndOd lsÍu isÿ fkdl<

hq;=h' iEu úgu ;ud hï ksjilg meñKsfha rdcldßhla bgq lsÍug hk nj

isysfha ;nd .; hq;= w;r" ksjeishkaf.a Wmldr fyda lghq;= j,g ;u wjOdkh

fhduq fkdl< hq;=hs' fï wkqj" ;u j;=r fnda;,h mjd c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshd

úiska /f.k hd hq;= fõ'

óg wu;rj imhk ,o fiajhg idOdrK ñ<la ,nd .ekSugo lghq;= l< hq;=h'

52

c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sfhys m%ùKfhl= ùug kï" Tyq$weh my; lreKq

;=k f.dv kÕd .; hq;= fõ'

1. Ksjeros ksmqK;djhkaf.ka hq;= mqoa.,fhl= ùu'

2. cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h uÕska fuu c, k< ld¾ñl

Ys,amS ksmqK;djh f.dv kexùu i|yd fï jk úg;a úúO ld¾hhka l%shdjg

kxjd we;'

3. ksjeros yd ;;ajfhka Wiia WmlrK yd øjH Ndú;h

fuuÕska lrk ,o ld¾hfhys oS¾> ld,Sk meje;au ;yjqre jk w;ru" flá

ld,Sk ,dN m%fhdack .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu uÕska c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhys

;sridr meje;aug ydks muqKqjhs'

4. ksjeros yd ;;ajfhka Wiia fiajdjla iemhSu

hï ld¾hhl ;;ajh yd m%ñ;sh hkq b;d jeo.;au wx.hhs' c, k< ld¾ñl

Ys,amshd ksjeros yd m%ñ;sfhka hq;=j ld¾hh lsÍug oek oeku fjk;a ,dN

m%fhdack ,eîfï mrud¾:fhka tu l%uj;a ms<sfj, ls%hdjg kxjkafka ke;s

kï Tyqg$ wehg c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i wkd.;hla fkdjkq we;'

fï lreKq i<ld n,d c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sfhys bosßhg hdug wruqKq

lrk Tn" ksjeros jD;a;sh iqÿiqlï ,;a ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= ù ksjeros yd

;;ajfhka Wiia NdKav" øjH yd WmlrK Ndú;d fldg ksjeros fiajdjla

iemhSug lghq;= l< hq;= fõ'

9.1 wdpdr O¾udkql+, meje;au (Ethical Conduct & Behavior)

´kEu jD;a;shl m%Odk;u wx.hla jkqfha iudc j.lSuhs' jr,;a$ n,h ,;a c,

k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i Tn fiajd fj<|m,g hdug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka

kï" my; olajd we;s lreKq ms<sn|j ;u wjOdkh fhdu l< hq;= w;ru tajdg

.re lsÍu o jeo.;a jkq we;'

1. iEu úgu ;;ajfhka Wiia fiajdjla ie<iSu

2. iEu úgu Wiia wuqøjH iy WmlrK Ndú;h

3. úYajdijka; yd úYajdiodhs= fiajdjla ie<iSu

4. ;ud ,nd fok fiajdj ñ< uqo, mokï fldg f.k ;;ajfhka wvq fkdlsÍu

5. jD;a;sfhka mßndysr fjk;a lghq;= i|yd yjq,a fkdùu

53

jD;a;Sh jYfhka c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jk Tn by; lreKq ms<sn| wjOdkh oelaùu jeo.;a jkqfha" .Dyia: c, k<

ld¾ñl Ys,amS jD;a;sh hkq fndfyda wjia:dj, .Dyh wNHka;rfha isÿ lsÍug isÿ

jk jD;a;shla neúks' ksjila hkq" ksjeishkaf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajh /l fok" ;u

jákd øjH wdrdËd lr .ekSug ieliqkq tallhls' ;u fiajdj ,nd oSug fuu

ksjdi tallhlg we;=,a jk Tn tu ksjeishkaf.a úYajdih lv fkdlr"

;;ajfhka Wiia fiajdjla ,nd oS thg idOdrK ñ<la wh lsÍu uÕska ;u

jD;a;sh fË;%fha fyd| kula oskd .ekSug yels jk w;ru" ;u wkd.;ho

wd¾Ól yd idudcSh jYfhka ia:djr lr .ekSug Tng yels jkq we;'

9.2 c, mdßfNda.slhdf.a ;Dma;su;aNdjh (User Satisfaction)

c, mdßfNda.slhka ;Dma;su;a jk whqßka c, k<

t<Su yd Wmdx. iú lsÍu c, k< ld¾ñl

Ys,amshdf.a j.lSuhs' fuysoS" m%Odk c, iemhqu

ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla iys;j" mdßfNda.slhd

;Dma;su;a jk wdldrhg kdk ldurhg fyda

uq¿;ekaf.hg imhk c,h m%udKj;a

mßudjlska yd fõ.hlska ,efnk whqßka fukau

c,h .,d hdfï YS>%;djh taldldÍj mj;ajd

.ksñka" c, ldkaÿ isÿ fkdjk wdldrhg yd

Wmdx. j,g ydks fkdjk f,ig ;u k< t<Su

yd Wmdx. iú lsÍu c, k< ld¾ñl Ys,amshdf.a j.lSuhs' fï wkqj c, k<

ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl= hkq wo mdßfNda.slhka y÷kdf.k we;s mßos idudkH —

ndiqkakefya flfkl= fkdúh hq;= w;r" mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;su;a Ndjh ;=,ska ;u

jD;a;sh /l .ekSu i|yd Tn úiskau l< hq;= ld¾hhls'

54

9.3 fi!LH yd wdrËdj (Health & Safety)

—wdrËdjg uq,a ;ek˜ hkq c, k, ld¾ñl Ys,amsh úiska

iEu úgu isys ;nd .; hq;= wdo¾Y mdGhhs' tfia

fkdjqKfyd;a Tn Tngu ydks f.k fok" ;=jd,hla fyda

fjk;a wdndOhlg uqyqK oSug u. mdod .kS' fuuÕska Tn

lrk rdcldßh ksis whqßka bgq lsÍug ndOd jkjd fiau

we;eï wjia:d j,oS tu wdndO fya;= fldg f.k

wkd.;fha fuu jD;a;sfha ksr; ùug fkdyels ùugo isÿ jkq we;'

fuf,iskau iEu wjia:dfõu ;u fiajd odhlhdf.a yd wfkl=;a md¾Yjlrejkaf.a

wdrËdj ie,iSuo Tn i;= j.lSuls'

fï wdldrhg b;d jeo.;a jk wdrËdj i<id .ekSug WmldÍ jk we÷ï

wdhs;a;ï my; olajd we;' fï w;r" wdrËs; ysia jeiqu" weia wdjrK" w;a

jeiqï" weÕ wdjrKh lrk ks, we÷u" hlv m;=,la iys; im;a;= iy wdrËs;

n| má jeo.;a fõ'

55

9.4 my; lreKq ms<sn|j Tn oekqj;a njg wms úYajdi lruq'

1. c, mSvkh uekSug fhdod .kakd znd¾Z w.h

2. ógrhla Wi c, l|lska we;s lrk mSvkh

3. jeisls<s j, iy wmc,h mig Wrd .kakd ia:dk

4. o< ks¾udK igyka f;areï .ekSu

5. c, uKqj (Water Meter)

6. c, gexlsh

7. c, ixÑ; yd gexls

8. k<hla ;=, we;s jk m%;sfrdaOh$>¾IKh (Friction)

9. c, k< ;=,ska c,h .uka lsÍfïoS we;s jk mSvk my< hdu

10. c, mSvkh yd fõ.h w;r iïnkaO;dj

11. f.da,dldr b,smamqï lmdgh

12. c,h wdrËd lrk c, Wmdx.

13. c, k< j, m%udK

14. mßir ¥IKh isÿ jk wdldr