*CAC NGUYEN TO PHAN NHOM VIIB

*NHAN XET CHUNGGoi la PN Mangan, gom co Mn, Tc (tecneci), Re (reni).Nguyen to Cau hnh e So Ox SPT ac trngMn 3d54s2 2,4,7 6,4Tc 4d55s2 7 4,6,7,8,9Re 5d56s2 7 4,6,7,8,9

trang thai Ox dng thap, chung co tnh chat giong cac kim loai Fe, Cr. Con trang thai Ox dng cao lai giong Cl.

* Theo chieu tang so Ox:Tang kha nang tao phc anion.Giam kha nang tao phc cation.VD[Mn(H2O)6]+2 khong co [Mn(OH)6]-4 [MnO4]-1 khong co [Mn(H2O)6]+7

Do hien tng co f ma Tc va Re co tnh chat giong nhau, trong o Tc la nguyen to nhan tao t c biet en.

*N CHAT

Nguyen toMnTcReD (g/cm3)7.4411.4921.04r (Ao)1.301.361.37I1 (eV) (co f)7.447.287.88tonc (0C)124522003180tos (0C)208046005600H (% ng t)3x10-2-9x10-9

* Do trong cac tinh the kim loai co s tham gia tao lien ket cua cac e d nen tang o lk CHT. (tnc cua Re cao th 2 sau W) La cac kim loai hoat ong, hoat tnh giam t Mn Re.VD: Vi Mn + Dang khoi ben v co mang Oxyt bao ve.+ Dang bot de b Ox (vi Oxy, S, P, N2), manh liet vi halogen tao MnX2 (khong can to).Re, Tc: Phai ot nong mi tac dung vi O2, S, halogen. Khong tac dung trc tiep vi N2.Re + O2 (> 4000C) Re2O7

*Mn phan ng vi H2O nong (do Mn ng gia Mg va Zn).Mn + H2O (1000C) Mn(OH)2 + H2Tac dung vi acid tao H2: Mn + HCl MnCl2 +H2Tc, Re yeu hn Cu nen khong ay H2, ch tac dung vi HNO3:Tc(Re) + HNO3 HXO4 +NO + H2ODo ai lc vi O va S ln hn Fe nen trong cong nghiep luyen kim dung Mn kh FeO va FeS.Mn + FeO/FeS MnO/MnS + Fe

*ieu cheMn co trong quang pyroluzit MnO2.MnO2 Mn3O4 + O2 (t0)Mn3O4 + Al Mn+ Al2O3 (nhiet nhom)Re thng kem trong quang Molipden, hoac trong quang jezcozanit CuReS4. Co the ieu che bang cach dung H2 kh muoi cua acid renic.NH4ReO4 + H2 Re + N2+ H2O (t0)Tc la chat nhan tao c dieu che trong lo hat nhan.ng dungMn ieu che thep cng, chu nen, chu mon.Re phu day toc bong en (W) tang tnh ben.Tc: dung trong lo hat nhan.

* CAC HP CHATHP CHAT Mn (+2)

So PT ac trng 6 (bat dien).a so de tan trong nc tao phc aquo mau hong.MnCl2 + H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2 + 2Cl-Khi ket tinh t dung dch nc thu tinh the hydrat cung co mau tng t, SPT 6.VD: MnCl2.4H2O, MnSO4.4H2O, Mn(NO3)2.6H2O

*Oxide- Hydroxide cua Mn (+2)Tnh base troi hn acid.Mn(OH)2 + 2H3O+ +2H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2 MnO + 2H3O+ +4H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2 Mn(OH)2 + 4NaOH (to) [Mn(OH)6]-4 + 4Na+

Do phc anion hydroxo manganat b phan huy hoan toan trong H2O nen thc te coi nh khong phan ng.

Trong kiem nong chay, Mn(+2) b Ox thanh MnO4-2:Mn2+ + K2S2O8/KClO3 + KOH K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + H2O

*Cac hp chat Mn(+2) the hien tnh kh:Mn(OH)2 + O2 +H2O Mn(OH)4 Trang hongNau+ Trong OH-:MnSO4 + KClO3 + NaOH (to) KCl + Na2MnO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O + Trong H+:MnSO4 + PbO2 + HNO3 HMnO4 + Pb(NO3)2 +PbSO4 + H2O

Cac phc Mn(+2) khong ac trng, de b phan huy trong nc.[Mn(NH3)6]Cl2 + H2O Mn(OH)2 + NH4Cl + NH3

*CAC HP CHAT Mn (+4)

Mn(+4) ben dang oxide va hydroxide (ngc vi Mn(+2)), dang muoi kem ben, de b phan huy.VD:Mn(OH)4 + H2SO4 (, to) MnSO4+O2+ H2OMnO2 + HCl() (to) MnCl2+Cl2 + H2OCac muoi Mn(+4) tng oi ben ch co MnF4, Mn(SO4)2, nhng trong nc cung b thuy phan:Mn(SO4)2 + H2O Mn(OH)4+H2SO4Mn(OH)4 MnO2+H2O

*Oxide va hydroxide cua Mn(+4) co tnh lng tnh nhng eu yeu.VD: MnO2 + HCl() (to) MnCl2+Cl2 + H2OMnO2 + KOH() (to) K2MnO3 + H2ODo hp chat Mn(+4) co tnh Ox manh nen khong ben:MnO2 + H2SO4 (, to) MnSO4+O2+ H2OMn(+4) la mc Ox trung gian, nen se the hien tnh kh vi chat Ox manh hn: MnO2 + KClO3 + KOH KCl + K2MnO4 + H2O (nc)Vi Tc va Re cung co XO2, XHal4, M2XO3, M2[XHal6]nhng khong ben.Cac hp chat Tc(+4) ben hn Re(+4).

*CAC HP CHAT X (+6)

Thng gap va ben: MnO4-2, Tc/ReCl6, Tc/ReO3Muoi:Muoi Mn(+6) co mau luc sam, thu c khi nau MnO2 nong chay vi kiem, co mat chat Ox.MnO2 + KClO3 + KOH KCl + K2MnO4 + H2O (nc)

Muoi Mn(+6) kem ben, ch ton tai trong kiem manh, trong acid (hay H2O) b phan huy.K2MnO4 + H2O/H+ KMnO4 + MnO2 + KOH

*Cac hp chat TcO4-2, ReO4-2 cang kem ben, ch ton tai trong dung dch kiem d. XO4-2 + H2O/H+ XO4- + XO2 + OH-Trong moi trng kiem cac dang XF6, XHal6, XO3 eu b d phan tao X(+7) va X(+4).XCl6 + KOH XO4- + XO2 + KCl + H2O

Hp chat Mn(+6) la chat Ox manh, san pham phu thuoc vao moi trng.+ H2O, OH- : Mn(+4). +H+: Mn(+2).Neu gap chat Ox manh, no the hien tnh kh:K2MnO4 + Cl2 KMnO4 + KCl

*

Tc(+6), Re(+6) lai co tnh kh manh.K2XO4 + O2 (kk) + H2O KXO4 + KOH

Cac hp chat nay the hien tnh acid.ReF6 + KF K2[ReF8]XO3 + KOH KXO4 + KXO3 + H2O

*CAC HP CHAT X (+7)

X2O7:Cac hp chat X(+7) co o ben tang dan t Mn en Re, the hien qua H0289 va G0298. Dang Mn2O7 Tc2O7 X2O7H0289 (kJ/mol) -743-1115-1272H0289 (kJ/mol) -544-938-1098

Mn2O7 (long, luc sam) de b phan huy no: Mn2O7 MnO2 + O2

*Tc2O7, Re2O7 la cac tinh the mau vang khong b phan huy khi ot nong chay. Do o co the ieu che trc tiep khi ot nong chay kim loai trong oxy.VD:X + O2 (to) X2O7 ( trang thai nc)

Con Mn2O7 thu c khi dung H2SO4 lay nc cua muoi Mn(+7).KMnO4 + H2SO4 Mn2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O

*HXO4: HMnO4 khong tach c dang t do, ch ton tai trong dung dch (nong o 20%). HTcO4 : Tinh the o. HReO4 : Cha tach c dang t do.MXO4:Cung co o ben tang dan t Mn Tc Re.VD: KMnO4 (200oC) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2KTcO4, KReO4 th 10000C van khong phan huy.

*Tnh acid:Cac hp chat X(+7) eu co tnh acid, giam dan t Mn Tc Re. eu la acid manh (HMnO4 HCl)Tnh Oxy hoa:eu la nhng hp chat Ox manh, san pham tuy thuoc vao moi trng Ox.H+: MnO4- +8H+ +5e Mn+2 + H2O, 0= 1.51V.H2O: MnO4-+2H2O+3eMnO2 + 4OH- +, 0= 1.23V.Kiem manh: MnO4-+1eMnO4-2 , 0= 0.56V.Mn2O7 t boc chay khi tiep xuc ether, con

Ket luan: Muoi MnO4- ben hn MnO4-2 (cung co cau truc phc t dien).