Cac Chuyen de Hay Trong Excel 2007-2010 - Mung SN GPE 7

Chuyn

ThS. Phan T Hng

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4 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 Li ni u

Li ni u


5 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 Ni dung

Ni dung

Li ni u .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Ni dung ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel .......................................................... 11

1. Virus Macro trong Excel ............................................................................................................................. 12

2. S dng cc chng trnh dit virus ............................................................................................................ 12

3. Xa Virus Macro th cng .......................................................................................................................... 15

4. X l cc tp tin b phnh to bt thng ...................................................................................................... 19

4.1. Xa cc Name rc, Name rc n ................................................................................................... 20

4.2. G b nhng nh dng tha ......................................................................................................... 20

4.3. G b v ci li d n VBA .......................................................................................................... 21

4.4. Lm sch cc sheet ........................................................................................................................ 21

4.5. Xa b cc Style rc ...................................................................................................................... 22

4.6. Xa b cc Shape trong Sheet ....................................................................................................... 23

4.7. i ui tp tin xls sang kiu nh dng ring .............................................................................. 24



5. Chuyn i font TCVN sang UNICODE .................................................................................................... 26

6. Sa cha tp tin Excel b li ........................................................................................................................ 28

6.1. Sa cha mt tp tin b li bng phng php th cng .............................................................. 28

6.2. Phc hi d liu t mt tp tin b li ............................................................................................. 29

6.3. S dng phn mm phc hi d liu ........................................................................................ 33

7. n cc hng v ct trong Excel ................................................................................................................... 34

8. Di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh ................................................................................................................ 36

8.1. S dng hp Name Box ................................................................................................................ 36

8.2. S dng lnh Go To ...................................................................................................................... 36

8.3. S dng lnh Go To Special .......................................................................................................... 37

9. Cc phm tt trong Excel .............................................................................................................................. 38

9.1. Cc phm chc nng ...................................................................................................................... 38

9.2. S dng phm tt cho nhp d liu ................................................................................................ 39

ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to ............................................................................. 41

1. Cc dng ui ca tp tin Excel 2007 ......................................................................................................... 42

2. Lm vic vi tp tin cha macro ................................................................................................................. 43

3. To UDF trong Excel .................................................................................................................................. 45

3.1. Cch xy dng UDF ...................................................................................................................... 45

3.2. To v s dng hm t lp trong Add-Ins .................................................................................... 48



S dng chc nng Data Validation trong qun l nhp liu ..................................................... 52

1. t vn .................................................................................................................................................... 53

2. Chc nng Settings ...................................................................................................................................... 54

2.1. Whole number ............................................................................................................................... 54

2.2. Decimal .......................................................................................................................................... 56

2.3. List ................................................................................................................................................. 57

2.4. Date ................................................................................................................................................ 59

2.5. Text length ..................................................................................................................................... 59

3. Chc nng input message ............................................................................................................................. 60

4. Chc nng Error Alert .................................................................................................................................. 60

5. V d v ng dng Data Validation .............................................................................................................. 62

5.1. Nhp s thp phn tng dn theo 1 ct .......................................................................................... 62

5.2. To danh sch tham chiu ph thuc ............................................................................................ 63

5.3. Pht hin nhp trng d liu: ........................................................................................................ 64

Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007 ...................................................... 66

1. Khi nim v Table ....................................................................................................................................... 67

1.1. Thnh phn ca Table ................................................................................................................... 67

1.2. Chuyn i mt khi thnh Table .............................................................................................. 68

2. Cc chc nng c bit ca Table ................................................................................................................ 70

2.1. Tch hp Filter v chc nng Sort ................................................................................................. 71



2.2. T ng m rng Table ................................................................................................................. 71

2.3. T ng nh dng trong Table ..................................................................................................... 71

2.4. T ng cp nht cng thc trong mt Field ................................................................................ 71

2.5. T ng bt tt chc nng Filter ................................................................................................... 72

3. Cc thao tc c bn trong Table ................................................................................................................... 72

3.1. Chn mt Record (bn ghi) ........................................................................................................... 72

3.2. Chn mt Field (ct) ..................................................................................................................... 72

3.3. Chn ton b Table ....................................................................................................................... 73

3.4. Thm mt Record mi vo cui mt Table .................................................................................. 73

3.5. Thm mt Record mi vo ni no trong Table ...................................................................... 73

3.6. Thm mt Field (ct) mi vo ni no trong Table ................................................................. 73

3.7. Thm mt Field mi bn phi Table ............................................................................................. 74

3.8. Xa mt Record (dng) ................................................................................................................. 74

3.9. Xa mt Field (ct) ....................................................................................................................... 74

3.10. Thay i kch thc Table .......................................................................................................... 74

3.11. i tn (Name) mt Table........................................................................................................... 74

3.12. Xa Record (dng) trng trong Table ......................................................................................... 75

3.13. Chuyn Table thnh khi thng thng ................................................................................... 75

4. Cc kiu ty chn trong Table ...................................................................................................................... 75

4.1. Bt (tt) Field Name bng Header Row ........................................................................................ 75



4.2. Hin th Total Row ........................................................................................................................ 76

4.3. Banded Rows ................................................................................................................................. 76

4.4. First Column .................................................................................................................................. 77

4.5. Last Column .................................................................................................................................. 77

4.6. Banded Columns ........................................................................................................................... 77

5. Nhng lu khi to Table ............................................................................................................................ 77

6. Sp xp d liu (Sort) ................................................................................................................................... 78

6.1. Sp xp nhanh................................................................................................................................ 78

6.2. Sp xp theo nhiu tiu ch............................................................................................................ 80

6.3. Sp xp theo nh dng mu trong ............................................................................................. 81

7. Lc d liu trong Table ................................................................................................................................ 82

7.1. S dng Filter lc nhanh d liu trong Table ........................................................................... 82

7.2. S dng b lc chi tit ................................................................................................................... 84

7.3. G b nhng iu kin lc ............................................................................................................ 86

8. S dng hm v cng thc trong Table ........................................................................................................ 86

9. Lp trnh VBA trong Table .......................................................................................................................... 88

9.1. To Table ....................................................................................................................................... 88

9.2. Thay i Style ca Table ............................................................................................................... 88

9.3. Danh sch cc Table trong Sheet .................................................................................................. 89

9.4. Chn v thao tc vi tng thnh phn trong Table ....................................................................... 90



9.5. Sp xp v lc d liu trong Table ................................................................................................ 92

10. Kt lun ....................................................................................................................................................... 94

S dng cc iu khin nng cao Control trong excel ................................................................... 95

1. Gii thiu chung v Controls ........................................................................................................................ 96

1.1. Form Controls ................................................................................................................................ 96

1.2. ActiveX Controls ........................................................................................................................... 98

2. S dng Form Controls trn bng tnh ......................................................................................................... 98

2.1. Cc iu khin trong Form Controls ............................................................................................. 98

2.2. Cch xy dng v m t cc Form Controls ............................................................................... 100

2.3. Cc thuc tnh chung ca iu khin .......................................................................................... 101

2.4. Thuc tnh Control ...................................................................................................................... 103

2.5. Lin kt v iu khin bng tnh t cc Control ......................................................................... 106

3. S dng Activex Control trn bng tnh ..................................................................................................... 108

3.1. Cc iu khin trong ActiveX Controls ...................................................................................... 108

3.2. Thuc tnh Properties .................................................................................................................. 109

4. Kt lun ....................................................................................................................................................... 114

Ti liu tham kho ........................................................................................................................................................ 115


11 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

1

Virus v mt s vn thng gp khi lm vic vi Excel

Chuyn ny cp n mt s vn thng gp phi trong qu trnh lm vic vi Excel. V d nh vn

virus macro, tp tin Excel phnh to bt thng, li tp tin Excel,... Nhng vn ny cn tr qu trnh lm vic

bnh thng trong Excel. C mt s trng hp c th gy mt d liu v ri lon s lm vic trong qu trnh

lm vic vi Excel... Ngoi ra, ni dung ny cn hng dn mt s k nng lm vic vi Excel sao cho t hiu

qu nhanh nht.

y l nhng kin thc ti tng hp t kinh nghim khi lm vic, kin thc t cc cao th trong GPE v

cc din n khc... Hy vng ni dung di y s hu ch cho nhng ai thng xuyn lm vic vi Excel v

lun c c s an ton v hiu qu khi lm vic vi chng!



Khi lm vic vi Excel, cc tp tin c th nhim virus v c s ly lan. C hai loi virus macro, chng c xy dng trong VBA

Project v trn bng tnh. Nhng ph bin nht l virus macro4 vit trn bng tnh. Cc loi virus ny gy cc phin toi nh

khng cho lu tp tin, lu v to mi lin tip cc workbook, lm chm hay ri lon qu trnh tnh ton, to tp tin phnh to bt

thng... Vic qut v khi phc tp tin nh c thng khng n gin v mt nhiu cng sc!

Cc Object v Name rc do chng to ra c th lm tp tin phnh to gp 10 n hn 100 ln! C ch loi virus ny l chui vo th

mc cha tp tin khi ng ca Excel. Sau ly lan sang cc bng tnh di dng cc sheet n v siu n. Cc s kin khi lm

vic vi tp tin nh ng, m, lu tp tin... l nguyn nhn gy ra s hot ng ca virus. Bnh thng nu khng th chng

ta khng pht hin c. Tp tin Excel c ui xls, xlsm, xlam... u c kh nng cha virus macro v chng c thit k cho cc

d n VBA..

Cng vi s bng n virus my tnh, cc phn mm dit virus cng pht trin theo. Ch ni ring trong nc c phn mm

BKAV, D32, CMC Internet Security,... Phn ln cc chng trnh dit virus trn cha phn bit c virus thng thng v

macro hu dng. So vi phin bn trc , BKAV 2011 (do ti khng s dng nn khng c cp nht mi) c nhng tin b

vt bc v cht lng cng nh kh nng pht hin v dit virus tt hn, c bit l virus c xut x t Vit Nam. y cng l

phn mm c ngi tiu dng Vit Nam s dng nhiu nht hin nay. Cn D32 c kh nng pht hin macro, nhng cha

phn loi c macro cha m c.

Khi s dng cc phn mm ny, nu khng cn thn c th cc chng trnh qut virus ny s xo b ton b macro m chng ta

mt cng xy dng.



cc macro an ton khi s dng chng trnh BKAV 2011, tuyt i

khng chn mc Xo tt c Macro trong Cu hnh qut (hnh 1.1), ngoi ra

khng chn mc Dit khng cn hi phng trng hp qut nhm.

Theo ch dn ca BKAV, nu macro b xo nhm, chng ta c th phc hi

bng chc nng Sao lu trc khi dit di.

Hin nay c nhiu cng c h tr dit loi virus ny. BKAV cng cho ra i

cng c Bkav Anti-MacroVirus (hnh 1.2). Nhng cho n thi im ny,

cng c trn lm vic cha hiu qu. Bkav Anti-MacroVirus cha xo hon

ton Name rc, Name rc n. Chng ta c th s dng cng c Virus Macro

Warning trong

www.bluesofts.net

dit virus macro4

v xo Name rc.

Ngoi ra, chng ta d dng dit loi virus ny mt cch th cng khi bit

c ch ly lan cng nh ch hot ng ca chng. Cng vic ny i

hi ngi s dng c kin thc tng i vng vng v Excel. Khi m

mt tp tin, hy thn trng khi chng trnh dit virus thng bo tp tin

Excel nhim virus! Khi , c hai tnh hung sau:

Tnh hung 1: tp tin cha virus thc s.

Tnh hung 2: chng trnh dit virus nhm tng d n VBA

(cha cc macro) l virus nn a ra cnh bo.

Khi , nn tm dng qut virus v kim tra li tp tin . Nn thit lp

Hinh 1.1 Cu hnh qut trong BKAV 2011

Hinh 1.2 Cng c Bkav Anti-Macro Virus



ch Security l Disable all macros with notification

khi m tp tin, Excel s thng bo nu pht

hin macro v kim sot chng (hnh 1.3).

Nu tp tin khng cha macro (hay d n VBA)

m xut hin cnh bo nh hnh 1.3, chc chc

chng b nhim virus macro. Hy lu li tp

tin bng ui xlsx loi b virus macro

(y l cch n gin nht nu s dng Excel

2007 tr ln), ng thi xa b tp tin gc.

Trong trng hp khng pht hin iu g bt

thng, th kh nng pht hin nhm virus l rt

cao! Nn qut li tp tin bng phn mm dit

virus xem kt qu th no? Nu chng trnh dit

virus vn cnh bo v khng cho m hoc xo

hn tp tin ny th c th tp tin Excel b nhim

virus theo dng khc. Khi cn gi mu virus ny cho nh vit phn mm dit virus. Trong trng hp virus c xa, tp tin

ca chng ta vn an ton v hot ng bnh thng, c ngha l phn mm dit virus lm vic tt!

Chng trnh dit virus nh Symantec Anti Virus hay AVG Antivirus c kh nng phn bit virus macro v d n VBA. Nu tp

tin Excel c c virus macro v d n VBA, cc chng trnh s qut sch virus macro, cn d n VBA ca chng ta vn an

ton. Tuy nhin, mt s phn mm dit virus trn vn khng th xo Name rc, Name rc n, Style rc nh ni trn. Thm

ch khi tp tin an ton v ch cn Name rc, Name rc n nhng vn khng cho php m tp tin , c trng hp b xo

mt (v d nh phn mm AVG Antivirus). Ni tm li, cn la chn chng trnh dit virus ph hp khi chng ta thng xuyn

s dng VBA trong cng vic.

Hinh 1.3 Cnh bo v an ton v nt Option



Khi nghi ng tp tin Excel b virus, chng ta c th kim tra v khc phc bng phng php th cng trc khi s dng n

phn mm dit virus. Cn khng nh l virus macro (ngoi tr macro4) ch hot ng trong tp tin c ui xls, xlsm, xlam. Tuy

xa virus th cng hi mt cng mt cht nhng gip chng ta tng cng k nng s dng Excel. Cc bc thc hin sau:

Bc 1:

Khi m mt tp tin, nu c nghi ng b virus th tuyt i khng m tp tin khc phng ly lan. ng tp tin nghi ng

v c phn mm Excel. Sau kim tra th mc khi ng Excel 2007 theo ng dn trong Window nh sau:

C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART, hoc: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OfficeXXX\XLSTART

Trong , xxx l tn Admin (ngi iu khin chnh my

tnh), ph thuc vo tng my; XXX l s phin bn

Office, Office 2007 l s 12. Chng ta xa sch cc tp

tin l c sn c trong v l khi ngun ca s ly

nhim. Hnh 1.4 l tp tin StartUp.xls cha virus nm

trong th mc khi ng ca Excel 2003. y l nguyn

nhn gy ly lan virus v Excel ly tp tin lm c s

xy dng bng tnh ban u khi khi ng Excel.

Nu khng tm thy cc ng dn trn th do Window

thit lp ch n th mc (hidden). u tin m

Windows Explorer v vo menu Tools, chn Folder options...

(hnh 1.5). Trong ca s Folder Options chn tab View,

nh du vo Show hidden files, folders and drives. Hinh 1.4 Tp tin cha virus ci trong th mc khi ng trong Excel 2003



Bc 2:

M Excel, thit lp Security trong Excel l Disable all macros with notification pht hin v v hiu ha macro. Chn tab Developer

Code Macros. Ca s Macro hin ra, chng ta kim tra xem c macro no l trong danh sch Macro name: khng? c trng

ca virus macro l c ngun gc nc ngoi nn c th phn bit vi cc macro do ngi Vit vit nh tn ca macro ! Vn

ny i hi ngi s dng c kin thc v macro v VBA th mi c th xa cc virus c xy dng bng ngn ng VBA.

Hinh 1.5 Thit lp ch hin th cc th mc n trong Windows Explorer Hinh 1.6 Ca s Macro cha cc macro



Tip theo chng ta kim tra xem c Name no c

bit khng? Bng cch vo Formulas Name

Manager (hoc bm Ctr+F3), kim tra xem ca s

Name Manager c Name no l v b li khng?

Nu c th chc chn tp tin b dnh virus (hnh

1.8)! Excel 2007 cho php chng ta lc Name b

li (rc) xa nh chc nng Filter.

Bc 3:

Nu ngun gc tp tin m m th chng ta nn

kim tra cn thn (tt nht l qut li bng cc

phn mm dit virus), v tp tin c th cha

virus! Trng hp tp tin chng ta ang lm vic khng cha macro th th

tt nht hy lu li tn c ui xlsx (dng tp tin mi ch cha bng tnh ca

Excel t phin bn 2007 tr ln ) v xa tp tin c.

Trong trng hp tp tin ca chng ta va c virus macro va c macro

phc v cng vic th lm sao? Trc ht kim tra xem trong tp tin c

sheet no b n hoc siu n khng?

u tin, chng ta di chuyn chut n tn sheet v bm phi chut? Sheet

no b n th menu Unhide... c tc dng (hnh 1.9a). Hy cho hin ton b

cc sheet b n v kim tra tra xem c sheet no bt bnh thng khng?

Hnh 1.9b v 1.10 l mt sheet n cha virus macro4 (code vit trn nn

bng tnh). Cch n gin dit virus macro4 ny l xa b cc sheet ny

bng menu Delete (hnh 1.9a).

Hinh 1.7 Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic cha cc macro

Hinh 1.8 Name rc do virus to ra



Tinh vi hn l cc sheet cha macro4 b siu n, chng ta

khng th pht hin bng phng php trn. Khi , bm

Alt+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic (hnh 1.11). Hy d

tm trong ca s Project - VBAProject cc sheet no khng hin ra

trong bng tnh. l sheet b siu n, thuc tnh Visible lc

c thit lp l: 2 - xlSheetVeryHidden, hy thit lp li l: -1 -

xlSheetVisible. Khi

sheet s hin

ra trn bng tnh,

chng ta ch cn

xa b ging nh

hnh 1.9a.

Ngoi ra, chng ta

c th s dng th

tc (Sub) di

hin ton b sheet

b siu n. s

dng th tc th i

hi bn phi c

hiu bit nht nh

v VBA hay macro

trong Excel. Chng

ta tm hiu v cch

chy th tc y:

(a)

(b) Hnh 1.9 Cch lm hin sheet b n trong Excel

Hnh 1.10 Sheet b n cha cc virus macro4

Hinh 1.11 Cc lm hin b siu n trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic



Bc 4:

ng tp tin v thot khi Excel.

Tip theo tip tc kim tra li ng dn th mc khi ng Excel c

tp tin no l khng (ging bc 1)? Nu c tp tin l th xa i.

l nhng bc dit virus macro mt cch th cng nhng t hiu

qu cao. Nhng ngi c kinh nghim v Excel v VBA thng s

dng phng php ny dit virus macro, tuy nhin cch ny ch

thc hin vi s lng tp tin hn ch hay tp tin b nghi ng c virus.

Chng ta ang lm vic vi 1 tp tin mt cch bnh thng,

n mt ngy no tp tin bng b phnh ra nhiu ln, cc

thao tc chm ch... Hay trng hp m mt tp tin m hin ln thng bo Name b li nh hnh 1.12, kh nng nhng tp tin

b dnh virus l cao! Hy s dng cc cch trong mc 1, 2 v 3 xc nh xem tp tin b virus khng? Khi loi b

virus, chng ta lm th no khi phc tp tin li nh ban u v tp tin tng nhim virus thng tr nn rt nng? Nguyn

nhn l do virus to mt rng Name rc, Name rc n, Style rc, Object n... lm dung lng tp tin tng ln, gy ri lon qu

trnh lm vic.

Nhng tp tin b Name rc n, Style rc, Object n... thng c dung lng ln bt thng, khi b nn thnh ui .rar s thu li

rt nh. cng l c s pht hin tp tin c vn !

Sub ShowWorkSheets()

Dim WSh As Worksheet

For Each WSh In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets

If WSh.Visible = xlSheetVeryHidden Then

WSh.Visible = xlSheetVisible

End If

Next

Set WSh = Nothing

End Sub

Hinh 1.12 Thng bo v Name b li khi m tp tin



Thng thng cc tp tin Excel tng b virus thng cha nhiu Name rc, gy nng tp tin v kh khn trong vic qun l

Name. xo Name rc, chng ta vo Formulas Name Manager. Khi ton b Name hin ra trong ca s Name Manager (hnh

1.8). Nu chc chn rng Name khng phi do ngi s dng xy dng, c th chn ton b ri xo (bng cch chn Name u

tin ri bm Ctrl+Shift+End chn ton b, sau bm nt Delete). Cch xo Name ny thc hin trong Excel 2007 v 2010, khc

vi Excel 2003 ch cho php xo tng Name mt. Do , vic xo Name rc trong Excel 2003 rt mt cng v kh khn (virus

khai thc yu t ny to Name rc). Vi Excel 2007, chng ta c th s dng chc nng Filter lc Name b li ri xa.

Li dng Name c thuc tnh n (khng hin trong ca s Name Manager) nn nhng k vit virus cn thit lp thuc tnh n cho

Name rc. Do , sau khi xo Name rc mt

cch th cng trong Name Manager, cn thit xo

Name rc n bng th tc sau:

Bc u tin l xc nh bng tay v mt cui

cng bn phi di, c cha d liu. Khng

dng phm Ctrl + mi tn xung (hoc mi tn qua

phi), cch ny s ch ti cui cng c nh

dng, khng phi cui c d liu. Khi xc

nh bng mt cui cha d liu, bm chn

nguyn dng k di . Lc ny bm Ctrl + Shift + mi tn xung chn ton b nhng hng bn di vng c d liu. Sau

dng lnh Clear All xo vng ny. Tng t, khi xc nh cui cha d liu xong, bm chn ct lin k bn phi, bm tip

Ctrl + Shift + mi tn qua phi chn ton b ct bn phi. Sau , tip tc dng lnh Clear All xo vng ny.

Sub XoaNameRac()

Dim NameRac As Name 'Khai bo bin i tng l Name

On Error Resume Next

'Duyt qua tng Name trong tp hp Name ca Workbook ang lm vic

For Each NameRac In ThisWorkbook.Names

'Nu pht hin Name n th xo (thng l do virus to ra)

If NameRac.Visible = False Then

NameRac.Delete

End If

Next

End Sub



Chng ta g d n VBA ra ngoi file Excel. C mt cch thc hin

nhanh, khng gy hi l Export tt c cc module v UserForm vo

a cng. Bng cch bm chut phi vo tng module, chn Remove

module (tn module). Khi thng bo hin ra, bm Yes v chn 1 th mc

lu li. Tip tc thc hin vi tng UserForm. ng qun c nhng

macro lu tr ring trong sheet hoc workbook. Khi xo xong, hy

lu bng tnh li. Sau , cng trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic, vo

menu File/Import File v Import ht nhng module v UserForm va ri.

Lm nh vy s ngn chn nhng th linh tinh m Macro mang theo,

chng ta vn s dng UserForm v Macro bnh thng.

Trong cc sheet c th tn ti nhng nh dng tha, nhng Style, nhng Shape, Object

thy c v khng thy c (c khi ln n hng trm hoc hng ngn do virus to ra).

Chng ta cn xa b chng. Vi Shape hoc Object b n, chng ta cn thit lp nh sau:

Vi Excel 2003: Vo menu Tools/Options. Trong ca s Options chn tab View, bm

Show all ti mc Objects.

Vi Excel 2007: Bm vo nt Office button Excel Options. Trong ca s Excel Options

chn tab Advanced, tm n dng For objects, show: v chn All (hnh 1.13). Sau tm

cc v xo cc i tng tha trn (s dng chc nng Go To Special chn cc

Object nh hnh 1.14).

Hinh 1.13 Thit lp hin th i vi Shape, Object b n trong Excel 2007

Hinh 1.14 S dng Go To Special tm v xa cc Object do virus to ra



Cng ging nh vi Name, nhng tp tin Excel b virus c th ln ti

hng trm Cell Style rc - sau y gi l Style rc (hnh 1.15). Nguyn

nhn to Style rc cng c th do qu trnh sao chp hoc di chuyn

sheet t tp tin ny sang tp tin khc. Li ny c Microsoft cp

nht v sa cha, nhng nhng tp tin thng cha rt nhiu Style.

Vic xa th cng rt mt cng sc, gn nh khng th lm c.

Ngoi ra, nhiu Style b kha khng cho sa, khng cho xa. Th tc

di y s gip xa cc Style rc mt cch nhanh chng:

Sub StyleKill()

Dim CellStyle As Style


Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each CellStyle In ActiveWorkbook.Styles

If Not CellStyle.BuiltIn Then

CellStyle.Locked = False 'B kha nu Style b kha

CellStyle.Delete

End If

Next CellStyle

Application.ScreenUpdating = True

Set CellStyle = Nothing

End Sub

Th tc trn khng xa b hon ton cc Style, nhng phn ln Style rc c xa b. Cc Style rc cn li c th xa trc

tip bng phng php th cng.

Hinh 1.15 Style rc do virus to ra



Nu chng ta thng tho v cu trc tp tin Excel 2007 th thc hin theo cch sau:

i ui tp tin thnh *.zip. Cc tp tin gc phi c nh dng theo ui

*.xlsx hoc *.xlsm (ch p dng cho Excel 2007 tr ln).

Bm p chut vo tp tin v vo th mc xl (hnh 1.16). y chng ta s

thy nhiu tp tin v th mc. Mt trong nhng tp tin ny l styles.xml, xa

tp tin ny hoc sao chp ra bn ngoi tp tin *.zip lu li (nu sa thnh

cng th xa i).

To mi v lu mt tp tin Excel 2007 vi thng tin t nht (ch cha nhng

Style mc nh ca Excel), hoc s dng tp tin an ton c (khng cha cc

Style l, ngoi tr cc Style mc nh) v i ui thnh *.zip. Bm p vo n

m th mc nn. Chuyn n th mc xl v sao chp tp tin styles.xml.

Quay tr li tp tin b li Style , m th mc xl v dn tp tin styles.xml va

ri vo. Thot khi cc th mc v i li tn tp tin ng theo gc (xlsx hoc

xlsm).

Cng vic va ri l sao chp v dn styles.xml ca tp tin mi vo tp tin c vn . Kt qu s loi b tt c cc Style rc ca

tp tin b s c . Chng ta c th xem thm cc cch xa Style rc y.

Ch : Cn to bn lu trc khi thc hin vic xa Style rc, phng mt nh dng do Style!

i tng Shape do virus trong sheet l nguyn nhn chnh gy nng tp tin. Nu chc chn bng tnh khng s dng n Shape

th s dng chc nng Go To Special v chn Objects chn ton b cc Shape cho virus to ra v bm Delete (xem mc 8.3). Hy

thc hin vi ton b sheet trong tp tin.

Hinh 1.16 Ni dung bn trong th mc xl ca cu trc file *.xlsm (khi i ui thnh *.zip)



i tng Shape do virus to ra thng b n nn cn cho hin ra bng th tc sau:

Sub ShapesView()

Dim Obj As Shape 'Khai bo bin i tng l Shape

For Each Obj In ActiveSheet.Shapes

Obj.Visible = msoTrue 'Hin i tng b n

Next

Set Obj = Nothing

End Sub

Sau th chn cc Shape theo cc cch trn xa, hoc xa t ng ton b cc Shape bng th tc nh nhau:

Sub ShapesDelete()

Dim Obj As Shape

For Each Obj In ActiveSheet.Shapes

If Obj.Visible = msoFalse Then

Obj.Delete 'Xa i tng Shape b n, do virus to ra

End If

Next

Set Obj = Nothing

End Sub

Th tc trn ch p dng cho tng Sheet, chng ta thc hin vi ton b cc Sheet trong Workbook.

T phin bn Excel 2003 tr v trc, ui xls c s dng chung cho tt c tp tin Excel, t bng tnh thng thng cho n

cha d n VBA... T Excel 2007 tr i c nhiu kiu ui khc nhau, phc v a dng cc i tng lm vic trn Excel. u



im l bng tnh c kch thc ln v dung lng gim ng k so vi s dng ui xls. Do , nn lm vic vi tp tin c th

ca Excel 2007 va nh gn, va c kh nng hn ch s ly lan ca virus (hnh 1.17). Cc dng ui trong Excel 2007 nh sau:

ui xlsx: Ch cha bng tnh, khng cho

php cha macro.

ui xlsm: Cho php cha macro trong bng

tnh.

ui xltm: Tp tin tm thi c cha macro.

ui xlam: Tp tin dng Add-In c cha

macro.

ui xls: Tp tin dng c (Excel 97 - 2003).

Ghi ch:

Trong mt s trng hp, khi thc hin ton b

cc thao trn nhng dung lng tp tin vn rt ln

mc d d liu trong tp tin rt t. iu c

ngha l tp tin khng cn virus, Name rc,

Style hay Object n... Khi phi lm th no?

Cch x l n gin nht l chng ta lu li (Save

As) tp tin vi theo cc dng khc nhau v tr v nh c hoc lu li vi ui ti u hn (mc 4.7). Vic i ui tp tin s xa

b mt lot nh dng tha trong tp tin, tuy nhin mt s nh dng v ni dung trong bng tnh s khng hin th ng nu ang

dng Excel 2007 m chuyn sang Excel 2003 (ngha l Excel 2003 khng c).

Hinh 1.17 Thit lp kiu ui lu khi s dng Excel 2007 (2010)



Tp tin khng c d n VBA th thc hin nh sau:

- Chuyn i ui xls xlsx xls (nu dng Excel 2003) xlsx (nu dng Excel 2007).

- Chuyn i ui xlsx xls xlsx.

Tp tin cha d n VBA (macro) th thc hin nh sau:

- Chuyn i ui xls xlsm xls (nu dng Excel 2003) xlsm (nu dng Excel 2007).

- Chuyn i ui xlsm xls xlsm.

Phng php ny p dng thnh cng vi mt s tp tin ca thnh vin GPE gi ln nh h tr (c tp tin km theo chng

ta thc hnh)

Nh chng ta bit, ting Vit tn ti nhiu bng m khc nhau nh TCVN, Unicode, VNI, Vietware,... Vic s dng bng m

ph thuc thi quen vng min v thng khng ging nhau. i km vi bng m l cc font ch tng ng, v d nh TCVN

th ba ch u l .Vn, VNI c 3 ch u l VNI,... Thng thng, Window tch hp sn font Unicode nh Arial, Times New

Roman, Tahoma,... Font TCVN c tch hp trong bng m VietKey, cn font VNI th bt buc phi ci thm vo trong ng

dn C:\Windows\Fonts.

Cho n nay, vn cha c s thng nht v bng m, do vy s gy bt tin cho ngi s dng. Vi trng hp s dng Word,

chng ta c th dng cng c Unikey chuyn i bng m theo mun. Cn vi Excel, c th s dng cc cng c tvexcel01

hoc hm t lp chuyn i. Di y l cc hm chuyn i bng m:

- Hm chuyn i TCVN sang Unicode: TCVNtoUNICODE

- Hm chuyn i Vni sang Unicode: VniToUni



Cc hm trn c xy dng sn, chng ta ch cn s dng trong th tc n gin ConvertFonttoUnicode nh bn di. Hy

copy th tc bn di vo trong Module ca ca s Microsoft Visual Basic, sau bm F5 chy th tc.

Sub ConvertFonttoUnicode()

Dim FontRange As Range, FontName As String

FontName = "Time New Roman" 'Ty chn Font Unicode

Application.ScreenUpdating = False


For Each FontRange In ActiveSheet.UsedRange

With FontRange

If UCase(Left(.Font.Name, 3)) = ".VN" Then

.Value = TCVNtoUNICODE(.Text)

.Font.Name = FontName

ElseIf UCase(Left(.Font.Name, 3)) = VNI Then

.Value = VNItoUni(.Text)

.Font.Name = FontName

.Font.Size = FontSize

End If

End With

Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True

Set FontRange = Nothing

End Sub

th tc hon chnh hn, cn b sung thm code bin ch u dng thnh ch hoa. Ni dung cc hm chuyn i bng m

trn y nm trong tp tin Chng 18.xlsm.



Nhiu trng hp tp tin Excel ang lm vic tt th vo mt ngy no bng dng d chng! Chng ta c th gp li khng

m tp tin c hoc thiu ni dung. Tc hi kh c th xc nh c, thm ch nh hng rt ln n cng vic!

Khi m mt bng tnh b li, Excel s t ng bt u ch File Recovery v ng thi sa cha li . Excel c th khng phi

lc no cng t ng bt u ch File Recovery. Nu tp tin khng th m c v b hng, chng ta c th sa cha bng

phng php th cng.

Chng ta c th th phng php khc phc hi d liu bng tnh khi cng vic sa cha khng thnh cng. Excel cho php

lu bng tnh thng xuyn v to ra mt bn sao lu mi khi lu n (Back up). Hoc c th ch nh cho Excel t ng to ra

mt tp tin phc hi trong khong thi gian c th. Bng cch ny, chng ta lun c mt bn sao tt ca bng tnh, nu bng tnh

chng may b xa hoc b hng. Vi nhng tp tin quan trng, nn s dng chc nng ny!

Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

1. Bm nt Office Button v chn Open.

2. Trong hp thoi Open, chn tp tin b li mun m.

3. Bm mi tn cnh Open, sau chn Open and Repair.

4. Thc hin mt trong nhng iu sau y (hnh 1.18):

- phc hi d liu tt nht, nhn Repair.

- trch xut cc gi tr v cng thc t bng tnh khi sa cha bng tnh khng thnh cng, bm vo Extract Data.

Hinh 1.18 M v sa li tp tin Excel



Cc phng php di y c th gip chng ta cu d liu khi bng tnh b li. Nu khng thnh cng, chng ta th phng

php khc nh s dng phn mm chuyn phc hi d liu mc 6.3. Trong trng hp a cha bng tnh b li, trc ht

hy phc hi a trc khi phc hi bng tnh.

6.2.1. Vi tp tin c m trong Excel

Khi phc bng tnh bn lu cui cng:

Nu ang lm vic vi mt bng tnh v bng tnh b hng trc khi lu cc thay i, chng ta c th khi phc bng

tnh bng cch quay tr li phin bn lu cui cng. phc hi bng tnh vi phin bn lu cui cng, chng ta thc

hin theo cc bc nh sau:

1. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O).

2. Kch p chut vo tn ca tp tin m trong Excel.

3. Bm Yes m li bng tnh.

Lu : Bng tnh s tr li trng thi phin bn lu cui cng. Bt k nhng thay i c th gy ra cc bng tnh b li

c loi b.

Lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK (Symbolic Link):

Bng cch lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK, chng ta c th c th lc ra cc yu t b hng. Sau y l cc bc

lu bng tnh vi nh dng SYLK:



1. Bm nt Office Button v mi tn cnh Save As.

2. Trong danh sch Save as type, chn SYLK (Symbolic Link) v sau bm vo Save. Ch c sheet ang hot ng c

lu dng SYLK.

3. Nu c thng bo rng loi tp tin c chn khng h tr bng tnh c cha nhiu sheet, bm OK lu sheet .

4. Nu c thng bo bng tnh c th c cc tnh nng khng tng thch vi cc nh dng SYLK, bm Yes.

5. Bm nt Office Button v chn Close (hoc nhn Ctrl+W).

6. Nu c thng bo nhc vic lu cc thay i, bm Yes.

7. Bm nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O).

8. Chn tp tin ui *.slk m chng ta lu, sau bm Open. hin th tp tin ui *.slk cho vic la chn,

chng ta bm vo All Files hoc SYLK Files trong danh sch Files of type.

9. Bm nt Office Button v bm mi tn bn cnh Save As.

10. Trong hp Save as Type, bm vo Excel Workbook.

11. Trong hp File name, g tn mi cho bng tnh to ra mt bn sao m khng cn thay th bng tnh ban u, sau

bm vo Save.

Lu : Bi v nh dng ny ch lu li sheet hot ng trong bng tnh, chng ta phi m Excel b li v thc hin vi

tng sheet.



6.2.2. Vi tp tin khng m c trong Excel

phc hi d liu vi bng tnh khng th m trong Excel, chng ta thc hin theo mt trong nhng cch sau:

Thit lp ch tnh ton trong Excel sang th cng:

Khi m mt bng tnh b li, hy thay i thit lp tnh ton t t ng sang th cng. Bi v vi bng tnh khng c

tnh ton, n c th c m ra. chuyn sang tnh ton th cng, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc nh sau:

1. Hy chc chn rng mt workbook trng mi m trong Excel. Nu mt workbook trng mi khng m, lm nh

sau:

- Bm vo nt Office Button v chn New (hoc

nhn Ctrl+N).

- Di New Blank, bm Blank document.

2. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Excel Options.

3. Trong Formulas, vo Calculation options, chn Manual

(hnh 1.19). Sau bm OK.

4. Bm vo nt Office Button, bm Open (hoc nhn

Ctrl+O).

5. Chn tp tin b li, sau nhn Open v xem kt qu.

Ch : Sau khi thc hin xong, nh phi thit lp li ch Automatic cho Calculation options. Nu khng, bng tnh

s hot ng khng chnh xc.

Hinh 1.19 Thit lp ch tnh ton th cng trong Excel



S dng tham chiu bn ngoi lin kt n tp tin b li:

Nu mun ly d liu ch (khng phi l cng thc hoc cc gi

tr) t bng tnh b li, chng ta s dng tham chiu bn ngoi lin

kt n bng tnh . Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

1. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn Open (hoc nhn Ctrl+O).

2. Trong ca s Look in tm ti th mc cha tp tin b li v bm

Cancel ng ca s Open.

3. Bm vo nt Office Button v chn New (hoc nhn Ctrl+N).

4. Trong mc Blank and recent, chn Blank Workbook v bm Create

(hnh 1.20).

5. Trong A1 ca workbook mi, g = Tn file!A1. Trong , Tn file l tn tp tin b li (khng cn g phn ui). Sau

bm Enter.

6. Nu tp tin li khng cng th mc, Excel s

hin th hp thoi Update Values: v tn tp tin b

li. Hy s dng bng iu khin Look In xc

nh tp tin b li v bm OK.

7. Nu hp thoi Select Sheet xut hin (hnh 1.21),

hy chn sheet ph hp v bm OK. Excel hin th

gi tr ti tng ng A1 ca tp tin li. Trong

trng hp gi tr ti bo li #NAME! th cn sa li tn cng thc cho ng, v Excel khng chp nhn khong

trng gia 2 k t (hnh 1.22).

Hinh 1.20 To Blank Workbook

Hinh 1.21 Chn sheet khi phc v gi tr ti A1



8. Chn A1 v ko ngang qua cc hng v cc

ct cn khi phc d liu. Nu Excel hin

th hp thoi Update Values: v tn tp tin b li,

chng ta chn tp tin li v bm OK.

9. Chn vng d liu khi phc v copy. Chn

vng dn v vo Home Clipboard Paste Paste Values dn cc gi tr ly c.

Nhiu trng hp chng ta s dng cc cch trn nhng

khng th cu c tp tin. Khi , cn s dng cc phn

mm cu tp tin chuyn nghip. Cc phn mm ny c th

cu li c gn nh ton b, hoc mt phn thm ch vn

khng th cu c! Phn mm cu d liu nh Repair My Excel, File Repair (min ph), Easy Office Recovery...

Chng ta c th s dng phn mm File Repair (hnh 1.24) sa li:

- Ti liu Word (.doc, .docx, .docm, .rtf)

- Cc bng Excel (.xls, .xla, .xlsx)

- Tp tin nn RAR hoc ZIP

- Cc video nh dng: .avi, .mp4, .mov, .flv, .wmv, .asf, .mpg

- Cc nh dng file nh nh JPGE, GIF, TIFF, BMP, PNG v RAW.

Hinh 1.22 Chn tp tin li khi phc gi tr



- Ti liu PDF.

- C s d liu Access (.mdb, .mde, .accdb, .accde)

- Tp tin audio nh: mp3, wav...

- File Repair c th sa cha cc li ph bin sau:

- nh dng tp tin khng c nhn dng bi ng dng.

- Tp tin khng th c c hay khng th truy cp c.

- Li h thng, li b nh.

Ghi ch: Nhn chung vic khi phc tp tin b li thng rt mt

cng, nhiu trng hp khng th cu c. Trng hp thng

khng th cu c l tp tin c bo v bng password khi

m, tp tin lu trong USB nhng trong qu trnh lm vic li rt

USB ra...

Khi lm vic vi mt bng tnh c xy dng hon chnh,

phm vi hot ng trong bng tnh c gii hn. Vic thm bt

hng c th gy nh hng n bng tnh. Cch tt nht l cho n

ton b cc hng v ct khng dng n t v tr xc nh n

hng hay ct cui cng.

Hnh 1.23 Phn mm Repair My Excel

Hnh 1.24 Phn mm File Repair



n cc ct

Chn ct m tnh t ct , ton b cc ct pha sau s b n. Sau gi phm Ctrl + Shift + mi tn sang phi. Khi cc ct

tnh t ct u tin n ct cui cng s c chn, chng ta ch cn chn menu Hide khi bm phi chut n cc ct .

n cc hng

Chn hng m tnh t hng , ton b cc hng

pha di s b n. Sau gi phm Ctrl + Shift +

mi tn xung di. Khi cc hng tnh t hng

u tin n hng cui cng s c chn, chng

ta ch cn chn menu Hide khi bm phi chut

n cc hng .

Hin cc hng/ct b n

hin th cc hng/ct b n, chng ta chn cc

hng/ct xung quanh cc hng/ct b n ri

bm phi chut. Sau chn menu Unhide. Trong

trng hp khng th chn c bng chut th

bm phm tt Ctr+A ( chn ton b bng tnh),

sau di chuyn n tn hng/ct cn hin th ri

thc hin nh trn.

Ghi ch: Phn bn ngoi bng tnh khi cc hng/ct b

n s c mu xanh bng da tri (hnh 1.25). Hinh 1.25 n ton b ct khng s dng n



Khi phi chn nhng khi ln, chng ta s cm thy mt mi nu ch dng

nhng cch thng thng bng chut hoc bng bn phm. Nhng lc nh

vy, chng ta nn s dng chc nng di chuyn nhanh ca Excel.

Chng ta c th nhp tn hay khi trong hp Name Box di chuyn nhanh

ti hay khi (hnh 1.26). Khi nhp xong v bm Enter, tn hay khi

s c chn (bi en).

Lnh Go To gip chng ta di chuyn nhanh n mt a

ch hoc tn ca mt khi xc nh. Ngoi ra, c th

tn dng tnh nng ny chn mt khi lin tc nh

sau:

Chn trn cng bn tri ca khi .

Vo Home Editing Find & Select Go To (hoc Ctrl+G). Hp thoi Go To xut hin nh hnh 1.27.

Nhp a ch di cng bn phi ca khi mun

chn trong Reference ( G13 nh hnh 1.27).

Hinh 1.26 S dng hp Name Box di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh

Hinh 1.27 S dng Go To di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh



Gi phm Shift ng thi bm OK, vng xc nh c chn (vng B1:G13 s c

bi en).

Trong hp thoi Go To hnh 1.27, chng ta s thy c mt nt Special nm gc di

bn tri. y l mt tnh nng cho php chn cc khi theo ni dung ca chng, hoc

theo nhng thuc tnh c bit khc thay v ch chn theo v tr nh chng ta vn thng

lm. Cc cch m Go To Special nh sau:

Cch 1: Ti hp thoi Go To bm vo nt Special.

Cch 2: Vo Home Editing Find & Select Go To Special

Hp thoi Go To Special xut hin nh hnh 1.28 vi nhiu la chn khc nhau cho vic

tm kim v di chuyn nhanh.

Comment: Chn tt c cc c cha ch thch.

Constant: Chn tt c cc c cha gi tr l hng s, khng chn cc c gi tr l kt qu ca cng thc.

Formulas: Chn tt c cc c cha cng thc, m kt qu ca n ph thuc vo mt hoc nhiu iu kin sau y:

- Number: Nhng cha gi tr s.

- Text: Nhng cha gi tr chui k t.

- Logicals: Nhng cha gi tr logic.

- Errors: Nhng cha gi tr li.

Blanks: Chn tt c cc rng.

Hinh 1.28 Hp thoi Go To Special



Current Region: Chn mt khi hnh ch nht (bao gm cc khng rng) lin k vi hin hnh.

Current Array: Chn tt c cc trong mt mng (array) m hin hnh l mt phn t trong mng .

Last Cell: Chn cui cng trong worksheet ( nm gc di cng bn phi) c cha d liu hoc c nh dng.

Visible Cells Only: Ch chn nhng no ang hin th trn mn hnh (khng b n).

Conditional formats: Ch chn nhng c cha nh dng theo iu kin.

Data validation: Chn nhng c cha thit lp Data validation. Vi ty chn ny, nu chn All, Excel s chn tt c cc c

cha thit lp Data validation trong bng tnh. Nu chn Same, Excel ch chn nhng c cha cng kiu Data validation vi

hin hnh.

Phm tt gip chng ta thao tc nhanh chng vi bng tnh m khng cn s dng n Ribbon.

Phm chc nng SHIFT CTRL ALT

F1 Hin th gip Chn sheet biu

F2 Sa ni dung Vo ch thch t tn mi (Save as)

F3 Dn tn khi vo cng thc Dn hm vo cng thc nh ngha khi

F4 Lp li (Repeat) Find Next ng ca s Thot

F5 Go to Tm kim (Find) Phc hi kch thc ca s



Phm chc nng SHIFT CTRL ALT

F6 Chuyn n phn ca s k tip Chuyn n phn ca s trc Chuyn n book k tip

F7 Spelling Chuyn ca s

F8 Chn Chn thm khi chn khc Thay i kch thc ca s Hin th hp Macro

F9 Tnh ton tt c cc sheet trn tt c cc book m

Tnh ton trn worksheet

hin hnh Thu workbook thnh biu tng

F10 Chn thanh thc n lnh Hin th thc n phm tt Phng to ca s

F11 To biu Chn worksheet mi Hin th ca s VBA

F12 t tn mi (Save as) Lu M

Enter Hon thnh nhp / iu chnh d liu trong

ESC Hy nhp / iu chnh d liu trong

F4 (Ctr+ Y) Lp li hnh ng cui cng

Alt+ Enter Bt u hng mi trong cng mt

Backspace Xo k t bn tri im chn/phn chn

Delete Xo k t bn phi im chn/xa phn chn



Ctrl+ Delete Xa n cui hng

Phm mi tn Di chuyn

Home Di chuyn v u hng

Shift+ F2 Vo ch hiu chnh ch thch

Ctrl+ Shift+ F3 To cc tn t cc nhn ct v hng

Ctrl+ D in t pha trn xung di

Ctrl+ R in t bn tri sang phi

Enter Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn xung di

Shift+ Enter Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn

Tab Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn sang phi

Shift+ Tab Kt thc nhp d liu vo v di chuyn sang tri


41 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to

2

ng dng macro trong vic s dng hm t to

Trong cc lnh vc kinh t, ti chnh k ton, k thut..., mt s cng vic thc hin trn Excel mang tnh c

th. V d nh vic i s sang ch, tnh thu thu nhp c nhn, ni suy 1 hoc 2 chiu trong xy dng, chuyn

i bng m trong Excel,... Nu thc hin th cng rt mt cng v d sai st. Cng vic ny tr nn d dng khi

s dng macro. Macro l mt th tc (Sub) hay hm (Function) do ngi s dng t xy dng theo mc ch

ring bng ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Hc vin s c hng dn thit lp macro

v s dng cc hm ging nh cc hm c sn trong Excel.

Tuy nhin, Excel 2007 c nhiu dng file khc nhau qun l tp tin Excel. Cc tp tin Excel cha cc hm t

to User Defined Functions (sau y gi tt l UDF) s khc tp tin cha bng tnh thng thng.



Vi Excel 2003, cc tp tin c ui xls thng gp. Vi ui xls, tp tin c th cha bng tnh ring hoc c macro. Nhng t

Excel 2007 tr i, m hnh qun l tp tin khc i. Chng ta s thy s phn chia rch ri gia tp tin thng thng ch cha

bng tnh vi trng hp cha macro nh sau:

- ui xlsx: Ch cho php cha bng tnh, khng cho php cha macro (mc nh).

- ui xlsm: Cho php cha macro trong bng tnh.

- ui xltm: Tp tin tm thi c cha macro.

- ui xlam: Tp tin dng Add-In c cha macro.

- ui xls: Tp tin dng c (Excel 97 - 2003).

Nu ch lm vic vi bng tnh thng thng, chng ta

nn lu tp tin c ui xlsx nhm loi b cc macro

hot ng, trong c th cha virus. Nhng nu s

dng macro (UDF hoc cc th tc, d n VBA) trong

Excel 2007, chng ta cn phi s dng ui xlsm. Excel

2007 mc nh lu vi ui xlsx (hnh 2.1).

Trong trng hp lu tp tin c cha macro vi ui

xlsx th sao? Khi s c ngay cnh bo (hnh 2.2)!

Cnh bo ni rng kiu ui ny khng cha macro

(hay d n VBA). Nu vi vng bm Yes th s tr gi

ngay, khi ton b macro (v cc d n VBA khc) s

b xa sch! Trong trng hp ny phi chn No, sau

Hinh 2.1 Thit lp kiu ui lu khi s dng Excel 2007 (2010)



chn ui xlsm ph hp m bo cc macro m chng ta mi

xy dng c lu gi.

Nu chng ta hay lm vic vi macro, trnh sai st khi lu th

nn thit lp lu mc nh vi ui xlsm nh sau:

- Excel 2007: bm Office Button, trong ca s Excel Options chn

Save.

- Excel 2010: bm File v trong danh sch th xung, chn

Options. Trong ca s Excel Options chn Save.

Sau chn Excel Macro-Enable Workbooks (*.xlsm) trong Save file in

this format (hnh 2.1). K t y, cc tp tin Excel c lu vi

ui mc nh l xlsm, k c bng tnh khng cha macro (hay d

n VBA).

Trong nhng nm gn y, do virus macro pht trin nn Microsoft b sung thm ch an ton trong cc ng dng. Chc

nng Security iu khin s lm vic ca macro, tc l c th cho UDF hot ng hay khng hot ng! Vi chc nng iu

khin , chng ta s yn tm hn khi s dng Excel trong cng vic khi virus hin ang bng n.

thit lp an ton, chng ta chn Excel Options t nt Office Button. Sau chn Trust Center trong ca s Excel Options (hnh

2.3), tip tc chn mc Trust Center. Ngoi chc nng an ton vi macro, Excel cn thit lp i vi ActiveX, Add-ins,

MessageBar,... Trong Macro Settings, c cc la chn sau:

Hinh 2.2 Cnh bo khi tp tin cha macro c lu vi ui xlsx



Disable all macros without notification: V

hiu ho cc macro v khng thng bo.

Khng nn dng trng hp ny v macro

c lp ra u hu ch v phc v cng

vic no .

Disable all macros with notification: V hiu

ho cc macro km thng bo (thit lp mc

nh trong Excel). Nn chn trng hp ny

v chng ta c th phn bit tp tin no c

cha macro v tp tin no ch l bng tnh

thun tu. T , chng ta c quyn quyt

nh cho php macro hot ng hay khng

hot ng, ph thuc vo mc tin cy ca

tp tin Excel.

Disable all macros except digitally signed macros: V hiu ho cc macro, ngoi tr cc macro c ch k in t ca nh sn

xut tin cy. Nu nh sn xut khng tin tng, chng ta nhn c thng bo. Bng cch , c th cho php hot ng cc

macro c ch k in t hoc nh sn xut tin cy. Tt c cc macro khng c ch k in t s b v hiu ho m khng

cn thng bo.

Enable all macros: Cho php macro hot ng, nhng Excel khuyn co khng nn s dng v c th macro cha m c

khng kim sot c.

Hnh 2.3 Cc la chn trong Trust Center



ch ci t mc nh (Disable all macros with

notification), khi m tp tin c cha macro, ca s Security

Warning xut hin ngay di Ribbon cnh bo v an ton.

Nu tin tng tp tin Excel an ton th bm nt Enable

Content, ngc li chn du x pha bn phi ca s c

nn vng (hnh 2.4). Khi b v hiu ha, cc hm v th

tc macro s khng hot ng c.

C rt nhiu UDF hu dng c xy dng min ph ph

bin trn Internet. Chng ta ch cn sao chp v s dng.

Tuy nhin, cn phi bit cch xy dng chng v cch

qun l nh th no?

UDF c bt u bng Function, sau n tn hm v cc tham s tnh ton. Khi lnh bao gm cc thut ton, cc trnh t

tnh ton, sau l kt qu tnh ca hm (bt buc phi c). Cui cng hm s c kt thc bi End Function. Cc bc xy

dng UDF nh sau:

1. Trong bng tnh Excel, bm Alt+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic.

2. Ti ca s Microsoft Visual Basic vo menu Insert v chn Module (hnh 2.5). Theo mc nh, module mi c to ra c tn

Module1.

Hnh 2.4 Cnh bo v an ton v nt Option



3. Sao chp on m di y vo trong Module va to:

Function ThueTNCN(Luong As Double, Optional Socon As Integer) As Double

Dim GiamTruNuoiCon As Double, ThucLuong As Double

GiamTruNuoiCon = 1.6

ThucLuong = Luong Socon * GiamTruNuoiCon

Select Case ThucLuong

Case Is



Hm trn tnh thu thu nhp c nhn

(TNCN) cho nm 2012 tr v trc.

Gim tr gia cnh 1 con l 1.6 triu. Cc

bc tnh thu ly tin nh hnh 2.6.

Khi xy dng xong hm ThueTNCN,

chng ta chuyn sang ca s Excel v

xem hm tnh thu TNCN s dng nh

th no?

Ti C3, chng ta vo Formulas Insert Function (hnh 2.7). Trong Insert Function,

mc Or select a category qun l ton b

cc hm. Chn dng c tn User Defined,

chnh l ni lu tr danh sch cc

UDF. Hm t lp khng c phn m t

ni dung (No help available). Chng ta

c th b sung phn m t ni dung hm.

Hnh 2.8 l kt qu s dng UDF. UDF hot ng khng khc g hm sn c

trong Excel, ch khc ni qun l hm. Khi mun s dng cc UDF c sn

cc tp tin khc, chng ta ch cn m Module cha hm v sao chp sang

Module ca tp tin hin hnh theo cc hng dn trn l c.

Hnh 2.5 Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic v hm ThueTNCN c xy dng trong Module

Hnh 2.6 Biu tnh thu TNCN ly tin



Hnh 2.7 Cc bc s dng UDF Hnh 2.8 Hm UDF c s dng nh cc hm sn c trong Excel

Khi xy dng cc UDF xong, c vn s ny sinh v chng ch p dng c trong workbook cha UDF , khng s dng

c trong cc workbook khc. s dng trong workbook khc, chng ta phi sao chp cc UDF sang workbook , nh vy

s rt bt tin.

Vy c cch no c th s dng cc UDF trong ton b workbook nh cc hm sn c trong Excel khng? Chc nng Add-Ins

trong Excel s gip chng ta thc hin cng vic ny. Thng qua cng c Add-Ins, cc UDF c np vo th vin Excel, khi

c th s dng chng nh cc hm c nh ngha sn trong Excel. Tuy thc hin hi rc ri nhng chng ta s thy s tin

dng ca cch thc lu hm UDF! Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

1. To mt bng tnh mi trong Excel (gi s tn l CustomFuntion.xlsm). Trong CustomFuntion, ch cn gi li Worksheet u

tin (nn xa b cc Worksheet cn li nhm thu gn th vin).



2. Chuyn sang ca s Microsoft Visual Basic. Ca s Project s lit k cc th vin

v d n ang c m trong Excel, trong c CustomFuntion.

3. Bm chut vo dng VBAProject (CustomFuntion.xlsm) chn d n ny, sau

chn menu Insert/Module chn Module mi vo d n (Module mi s

c tn mc nh l Module1). Tip theo, chng ta xy dng UDF mi hoc

copy cc hm lp sn vo ca s son code.

4. Chn menu File Close and Return to Excel ng ca s Microsoft Visual Basic v quay tr li Excel. Cn kim tra s hot ng ca cc hm mi ny

trong CustomFuntion.xlsm phng sai st.

5. Sau bm vo nt Office Button SaveAs, ca s Save As hin ra (hnh 2.9) vi cc thnh phn sau:

- Save As type: Chn Excel Add-In (*.xlam).

- File Name: Nhp tn tp tin theo mnh ( nguyn CustomFuntion). Khi chn xong, hp Save in t ng chn th mc

ngm nh cha cc th vin ca Excel. Lc , tp tin CustomFuntion c ui mi l *.xlam, l dng ui dnh cho vic

to th vin hm trong Excel.

- Bm OK lu li th vin di dng tp tin Add-Ins.

6. Khi ng li Excel, bm Office Button Excel Options v chn Add-Ins. Chng ta s thy CustomFuntion c trong danh sch Add-Ins ch cha hot ng vi ng dn c th (hnh 2.10). CustomFuntion hot ng, chn nt Go... v ca s Add-

Ins hin ra nh hnh 2.11. nh du xc nhn CustomFuntion hot ng, hoc bm vo Browse... tm kim cc Add-In khc

nu cn.

Hnh 2.9 To Add-Ins trong ca s Save as



K t y, chng ta c th dng cc hm mi ny nh nhng hm c nh ngha sn trong Excel. Chng s c lit k

trong nhm hm User Defined. s dng cc hm ny my tnh khc, chng ta ch vic chp tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam vo th

mc Add-Ins ri thc hin khai bo nh trn. Mun b sung cc hm mi vo th vin, chng ta thc hin trong Module1 ca

CustomFuntion.xlam ri lu li Save As cp nht.

Hnh 2.10 Danh sch Add-Ins trong Excel Options

Hnh 2.11 Thit lp th vin hm trong Add-Ins

Trong trng hp tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam b xo mt hoc

m tp tin my tnh khc, khi m tp tin th s c thng

bo li (hnh 2.12). khc phc li trn, c hai cch nh

sau: Hnh 2.12 Li khi tp tin CustomFuntion.xlam b xa hoc khng c



Cch th nht: Nu thc s tp tin khng cn thit (tc l b i c) th vo nt Office Button Excel Options v chn Add-Ins. Bm vo nt Go... v ca s Add-Ins hin ra. Trong ca s Add-Ins, b la chn CustomFuntion.xlam, khi nhn c

thng bo v vic xo b tp tin trong danh sch Add-Ins. Bm Yes xo (hoc No duy tr trong danh sch).

Cch th hai: Nu tp tin l cn thit th bt buc chng ta phi khi phc li hoc tm tp tin gc CustomFuntion.xlsm

to li theo cc bc trn.

Khi thc hin mt trong hai cch trn, hp thng bo li khi m tp tin trong Excel s khng xut hin na.

***


52 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 S dng chc nng Data Validation trong qun l nhp liu

3

S dng chc nng Data Validation trong qun l nhp liu

Khi xy dng bng tnh trong Excel, mt s trng hp yu cu nhp liu l gi tr c th hoc trong danh sch

sn c. Lm th no bn c th kim sot c d liu u vo theo ng yu cu? Lm th no Excel t

thng bo li nhp khng ng? Chc nng Data Validation (xc nhn tnh hp l ca d liu) s gip chng ta

thc hin cng vic mt cch kh trn vn nhng i hi trn. y l cng c h tr vic xy dng cc sn

phm ng dng trn Excel.



Khi xy dng bt c bng tnh no phc v

cng vic, chc chn chng ta s cn nhng

vng nhp d liu theo yu cu nht nh no

. D liu c th c gii hn trong mt

phm vi no , c th l s nguyn, s thp

phn, ngy, gi, trong danh sch sn c hoc

chui c di nht nh. Khi , chc nng

Data Validation s gip chng ta nhp liu mt

cch chnh xc theo yu cu, hn ch sai st ti

thiu.

u tin trong ca s Excel, chng ta cn chn vng d liu cn kim sot

v vo tab Data, chn Data Validation (hnh 3.1). Ca s Data Validation hin ra

nh hnh 3.2, ca s ny gm 3 phn Settings, Input Message v Error Alert.

Sau y, chng ta cp tng chc nng ca chng.

Hnh 3.1 Chn vng cn kim sot v thc hin chc nng Data Validation

Hnh 3.2 Ca s Data Validation



Ca s Settings cho php thit lp ci t v iu kin nhp liu trong Validation criteria.

Tu vo i tng kim sot m chn trong danh sch bn di Allow. Mc nh cho

php nhp bt c kiu d liu no trong (Any value). thay i theo mun, chn

vng d liu cn thit lp chc nng Validation. Trong danh sch th xung ca Validation

criteria (hnh 3.3), c cc la chn Whole number, Decimal, List, Date, Time, Text lenght,

Custom.

Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l s nguyn. Nu nhp s thp phn, chui,...

s b bo li. Chc nng ny hu ch khi d liu nhp l s nguyn nh tui, s lng

mt hng, s sn phm, im thi,... Khi chn Whole number, chc nng Data xut hin

cho php khng ch phm vi gi tr nhp (hnh 3.4).

2.1.1. Between / not between

Ch cho php nhp gi tr trong mt vng xc nh (hoc ngoi mt vng xc nh). V

d: im thi phi nm trong phm vi t 0 n 10, ngy trong thng t 1 n 31, cc th

trong tun,...

- Minimum: gi tr gii hn nh nht khi nhp liu.

- Maximum: gi tr gii hn ln nht khi nhp liu.

- Ingnore blank: b qua trng, khng xt iu kin nhp liu.

- Clear All: hu b thit lp.

Hnh 3.3 - Cc chc nng v iu kin nhp liu

Hnh 3.4 - Chn kiu phm vi nhp liu



Gi tr gii hn c th c nh (khng thay i c) hoc khng c nh (c th thay

i c) tu vo mc ch s dng.

Gii hn c nh l s khi nhp gi tr trong gii hn. Trong hnh 3.5, gi tr nhp

nh nht bng 0 v ln nht l 100. Nu nhp gi tr ngoi khong , Excel s bo

li nh hnh 3.6 (thng bo li mc nh ca Excel). Chng ta c th thay i ni

dung thng bo theo mc ch s dng c th mc 4.

Gii hn khng c nh l gi tr trong gii hn ph thuc qu trnh tnh ton t a

ch no . iu c ngha l gi tr gii hn c th thay i, ph thuc qu trnh

tnh ton, cp nht ca cng thc. Trong hnh 3.7, gi tr nhp nh nht bng gi tr

Q8 (bng 200) v ln nht bng Q9 (bng 1500). Nu nhp gi tr ngoi khong ,

Excel s bo li (hnh 3.6). Phm vi ng dng ny ph thuc nhiu vo kh nng khai

thc cng thc v s dng hm ca chng ta. Nu bit khai thc cng thc v s dng

hm tt, kh nng

kim sot s liu s

tt hn, linh hot

hn. iu th

hin phn v d.

2.1.2. Equal to / Not equal to

Ch cho php nhp mt gi tr xc nh (hoc ngoi gi tr xc

nh). Gi tr xc nh c khai bo trong Value. Gi tr

xc nh c th c nh bng cch nhp trc tip hoc c th

thay i c bng cch s dng hm hoc cng thc (cch

Hnh 3.5 Phm vi nhp liu

Hnh 3.6 Thng bo li nhp liu mc nh trong Excel

Hnh 3.7 Chn gii hn ng trong nhp liu



thc hin tng t nh mc trn hnh 3.8).

2.1.3. Greater than / Greater than or equal to

Ch cho php nhp gi tr

ln hn (hoc ln hn hay

bng) gi tr no . Gi

tr gii hn c khai

bo trong Minimum. Gi tr

gii hn c th c nh

bng cch nhp trc tip

hoc c th thay i c

bng cch s dng hm hoc cng thc (cch thc hin tng t

nh mc trn (hnh 3.9). Ngc vi trng hp ny l less

than (less than or equal to).

2.1.4. Less than / Less than or equal to

Ch cho php nhp gi tr nh hn (hoc nh hn hay bng) gi tr no . Trng hp

ny ngc li mc trn (hnh 3.10).

Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l s nguyn hoc s thp phn (hnh 3.10). Cch

thc hin tng t i vi Whole number. S dng kiu gi tr Decimal cho php trnh c

nhng sai st do quy nh v s thp phn Quc t v Vit Nam (du . v ,), hoc

nhng thit lp ring trong Window.

Hnh 3.8 Gi tr xc nh khi nhp liu

Hnh 3.9 Gi tr gii hn nh nht khi nhp liu

Hnh 3.10 Gi tr gii hn ln nht khi nhp liu



Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu t mt danh

sch sn c (hnh 3.3). Danh sch ny c th c

nhp trc tip, t mt vng trong sheet, t tn vng

(Name) sn c hoc t tp tin khc. Nn s dng

chc nng ny khi cn nhp liu c ly t mt c

s d liu (CSDL) sn c nhm hn ch sai st, rt

ngn thi gian. V d nh nhp 1 phn t trong danh

sch ph tng xe my, t, my tnh, mn hc, danh

sch thnh vin,... c sn. iu ny cho php hn

ch ti a nhp liu khng ng dn n kt qu tnh

ton sai, c bit l i tng nhp l chui.

2.3.1. Danh sch nhp trc tip

Chng ta g danh sch trc tip trong Source (hnh 3.11), mi phn t

c ngn cch bi du phy. Vi danh sch c nh (khng sa i)

nn s dng trng hp ny. Vi trng hp nhp trc tip, chng ta

nn dng kiu g Unicode hin th ting Vit. Nu s dng kiu g

TCVN, s b li hin th ch ting Vit, nhng ni dung hin th trn

khng b sai (tc l ch gy kh chu khi xem).

Trong ca s Data Validation (hnh 3.11), chc nng In-cell dropdown cho

php khi chn vo s hin nt danh sch th xung la chn phn

t trong (hnh 3.12).

Hnh 3.11 To danh sch d liu trc tip trong Source

Hnh 3.12 Danh sch c th xung chn khi bm vo nt dropdown



2.3.2. Danh sch nhp t mt vng trn bng tnh

Chng ta c th nhp danh sch t mt vng sn c trong

bng tnh bng cch bm nt (hnh 3.13). Sau chn

vng danh sch trong bng tnh, a ch danh sch s hin

ra trong Source. Vic la chn nh trng hp u tin.

Trong kiu khai bo ny, vng danh sch phi cng nm

trong cng mt sheet vi nhng cn th hin. iu

l hn ch nu s dng vng danh sch ny sheet khc.

Vy, cch khc phc hn ch ny nh th no? Bng

cch to Name cho vng (v d ny l vng K2:K15) s

khc phc nhc im ny. Khi , Source s th hin tn vng

(hnh 3.14).

Hn ch ln nht ca chc nng List l khng t ng d n

phn t cn tm trong danh sch khi g k t u tin. V vy,

vi danh sch nhiu i tng vic d tm s mt nhiu thi

gian. khc phc mt hn ch , chng ta g nhng t u

bit ri bm vo nt . Khi danh sch cc phn t c nhng

ch u trng vi ni dung g s hin ra chng ta la chn.

Hnh 3.13 Khai bo danh sch t vng trong bng tnh

Hnh 3.14 Khai bo danh sch t tn mt vng



Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l ngy.

Vic iu khin v khong ngy nhp ging nh

i vi Whole number. iu c ngha l chn

ngy trong mt khong xc nh, ngy bt u,

ngy kt thc,...

V d nh hnh 3.15, chng ta ch cho php nhp

ngy trong khong t ngy hm nay (Today) v

cng thm 3 ngy na. Cn lu v nh dng

ngy thng v cch nhp liu ngy thng cho

ng, nu khng Excel bo li nhp liu.

Chc nng ny ch cho php nhp liu l chui c

di xc nh (tnh bng s k t, k c khong

trng, du,...). Vic iu khin v chiu di chui

nhp ging nh i vi Whole number, kim sot

c chiu di chui nhp gii hn trong 1

khong xc nh, chiu di chui nhp nh nht,

chiu di chui nhp ln nht,... V d nh hnh

3.16, ch cho php nhp m hng c chiu di 6 k

t.

Hnh 3.15 Khai bo phm vi ngy nhp

Hnh 3.16 Khai bo m hng c chiu di 6 k t



Input Message cho php hin th thng tin nhp liu khi di chuyn

chut vo , t nh hng cho cng vic nhp liu. Trc

khi thc hin chc nng ny, chng ra cn thit lp ch

Settings cho cc . hin th thng tin nhp liu, u tin ta

bi en khi (C6:C15). Bc thc hin nh hnh 3.1, 3.2 v

chuyn sang Input Message (hnh 3.17).

Ca s Input Message gm cc ni dung sau:

Show input message when cell is selected: Bt (tt) ch hin

th thng bo khi c chn. Trng hp ny chn Bt.

Title: Ni dung tiu hin th (hnh 3.18), dng kiu g

Unicode.

Input message: Ni dung thng bo, dng kiu g Unicode.

Nh chng ta bit, khi c thit lp ch Data

Validation, nu nhp liu khng ng quy nh s nhn c

thng bo nh hnh 3.6. Chng ta c th thay i ni dung thng bo theo cc hon cnh khc nhau v hin th ni dung thng

bo bng ting Vit cho d hiu v sa i. T hnh 3.2, chng ta chuyn sang Error Alert (hnh 3.19).

Hnh 3.17 Thng bo khi di chuyn ti nhp m hng

Hnh 3.18 Thng bo khi chn khi dng Input message



Ca s Error Alert gm cc ni dung sau:

Show error alert after invalid data is entered: Bt (tt)

ch hin th cnh bo sau khi d liu c nhp

vo . Trng hp ny chn Bt.

Style: Kiu cnh bo, gm Stop (dng li), Warning

(cnh bo), Information (thng tin).

Tu mc cnh bo m c cch x l ph hp:

- Stop: Thng bo li nhp liu nghim trng,

Excel khng chp nhn gi tr nhp liu ny v

yu cu phi nhp ng (hnh 3.20).

- Warning: Thng bo li nhp liu mang tnh

cnh bo, ty trng hp c th chp nhp hoc khng chp nhn gi tr nhp liu (hnh 3.21).

- Information: Thng bo li nhp liu mang tnh thng tin, bn c th b qua trng hp nhp liu khng ng quy nh

(hnh 3.22).

Hnh 3.20 Thng bo Stop

khi nhp liu khng ng

Hnh 3.21 Thng bo Warrning

khi nhp liu khng ng

Hnh 3.22 Thng bo Information

khi nhp liu khng ng

Hnh 3.19 Ca s Error Alert



Title: Ni dung tiu thng bo, dng kiu g Unicode.

Error message: Ni dung thng bo (ch ni dung theo nhng hon cnh c th), dng kiu g Unicode.

Nh vy, chng ta tm hiu kh tng qut v chc nng Data Validation. Chc nng cho php kim sot tt nhng d liu nhp,

c bit l khi thc hin vi CSDL. hiu r hn, chng ta thc hin cc v d c th mc tip theo.

Trong nhiu bi ton v k thut, yu cu nhp liu l

s (s thp phn hay s nguyn) theo 1 ct vi gi tr

tng dn. Nu sai do khng kim sot tt (chng hn gi

tr sau nh hn gi tr trc), qu trnh tnh ton s b

sai lch. Chng ta c th s dng cch lp trnh s kin

i vi nhp (VBA) kim sot nhng s phc tp,

nht l khi x l vi nhiu , nhiu khi . Chc nng

Data Validation gip chng ta gii quyt cng vic mt

cch kh n gin.

Trong hnh 3.23, vng B4:B18 c nhp liu theo gi

tr tng dn, gi tr nh nht ti B3. Cn ch l cng

thc trong Validation s dng a ch tuyt i.

Hnh 3.23 Thit lp nhp d liu l s tng dn



C nhiu bi ton phi dng n 2 hay 3 danh sch c lin quan n nhau. V d nh trong hnh 3.24 c danh sch tnh (thnh

ph), trong mi tnh (thnh ph) li c cc huyn (qun) khc nhau. Yu cu l khi lc d liu cho 1 tnh (thnh ph) no th

danh sch cc huyn (qun) ca tnh phi hin ra. v d ny, danh sch tnh (thnh ph) c khai bo trong A2:A21, tng

ng vi n l cc huyn (qun) khai bo trong B2:B21.

n gin, chng ta lp thm danh

sch C2:C4 cha tn cc tnh (thnh ph)

bng cch th cng (c th dng VBA

nhng khng cp trong ni dung ny).

By gi hy xy dng vng nhp liu

cho tnh (thnh ph) v huyn (qun)

tng ng trong E2:F13. Vi trng hp

danh sch l tnh (thnh ph) th qu n

gin, cch thc hin nh hnh 3.24.

Tuy nhin, lc c danh sch cc

huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh

ph) th khng h n gin. gii

quyt bi ton ny, bt buc phi s dng

cng thc v hm trong Source (hnh

3.25).

=OFFSET($A$1,MATCH(E2,$A$2:$A$21,0),1,COUNTIF($A$2:$A$21,E2),1)

Hnh 3.24 To danh sch tham chiu ph thuc



Trong cng thc trn, hm Match xc nh u tin ca vng huyn (qun), COUNTIF xc nh s cha huyn (qun) trong 1

tnh (thnh ph). Hm OFFSET s tham chiu n vng cha huyn (qun) trong 1 tnh. Cn lu v cch s dng a ch tuyt

i v tng i ca hm ny.

Nh vy, mc khai thc chc nng Data Validation cn ph thuc vo kh nng s dng hm v cng thc ca ngi s dng.

Khi ng dng tr nn rng ri hn, mnh m hn.

Hnh 3.25 To danh sch cc huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh ph)

Hnh 3.26 Danh sch nhp liu cc huyn (qun) tng ng vi tnh (thnh ph)

Vi mt s bi ton, vic nhp liu ch din ra 1 ln (v d nh tn hc sinh trong danh sch lp hc, m hng nhp, sn phm...).

Nu s dng phng php nhp liu bnh thng, c th mc sai st nu v tnh nhp mt d liu hai hoc nhiu ln, c bit khi



lng d liu ln. d liu

nhp ch c nhp 1 ln, chng

ta s dng Data Validation vi

thit lp n gin nh hnh

3.27. Ngoi ra, chc nng

Conditional Formating cng gip

chng ta thc hin cng vic

trn.

Nh vy, nh chc nng Data

Validation m chng ta c th

kim sot tt d liu u vo

cng vi nhng thng bo tin

dng m khng cn dng n

VBA. C th ni rng nhng

nh lp trnh trn Excel thng

kt hp VBA vi cc chc nng

sn c trong Excel (nh Data

Validation) xy dng chng

trnh mt cch n gin, gn

nh nht!

***

Hnh 3.27 Kim sot nhp liu ch mt ln


66 CHUYN MNG SINH NHT GPE 7 TUI - 2013 Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007

4

Xy dng v lm vic vi i tng Table trong Excel 2007

Nhiu ngi s dng bng tnh Excel lm bng CSDL nu bit b cc cc hng, cc ct khoa hc v d dng

tra cu. Tuy nhin, vic to CSDL trong Excel 2003 cn nhiu hn ch mc d c h tr chc nng List. Hiu

c mong mun ngi dng, Excel 2007 pht trin i tng Table mnh hn List rt nhiu! i tng

Table gip bng tnh Excel gn gi hn Access (l phn mm chuyn v CSDL). S dng Excel 2007 lm CSDL

l ph hp v kch thc bng tnh ln hn v dung lng lu tr nh hn so vi Excel 2003.

Vic s dng thnh tho Table s gip chng ta khai thc tt hn CSDL trong Excel thay v s dng cc phn

mm chuyn nghip khc. Vi Table, chng ta d dng s dng cc cng c sp xp, lc d liu v nhiu

chc nng nng cao khc mang tnh c th ca Excel. Cng vic ny khng h n gin khi thc hin cc

phn mm khc.



Table l mt vng cha cc thng tin lin quan gm cc ct v hng c cu trc, c t chc, nhm gip d dng tm kim hoc

trch xut d liu ni dung ca n. Table c hiu nh mt dng CSDL n gin.

V d Table qun l im hc sinh, bao gm cc ct v cc hng. Mi hng v ct u c chc nng ring qun l thng tin ph

hp. Cc ct cha tn hc sinh, lp hc, ngy thng nm sinh, gii tnh, im tng mn hc v im trung bnh, kt qu hc tp...

Cc hng l tn v thng tin tng hc sinh tng ng vi cc ct. Hnh 1 l cu trc ca mt CSDL v qun l hp ng.

Trc khi phn tch d liu trong Table, chng

ta cn bit cc thnh phn ca Table. Nu

bit v CSDL trong Access, chng ta d dng

hiu v cu trc ca Table v m hnh p dng

tng t. Thnh phn ca Table nh sau:

Field: Cha tng loi thng tin kiu ging

nhau nh tn cng ty, a ch, s in

thoi... Trong Table, mi ct l mt Field.

Field Value: L mt mc n trong mt

Field. Vi Table, Field Value chnh l cc

n l.

Field Name: L tn gn cho mi Field ca Hnh 4.1 Cu trc ca mt Table



Table, ch thch cho ni dung ca mi Field. Nhng tn ny lun nm hng u tin ca Table.

Record: L mt tp hp kt hp cc Field Value. Trong Table, mi hng l mt Record (bn ghi). Mi Record l tp hp nhng

thng tin ca mt i tng no .

Table range: L vng bng tnh bao gm tt c cc Record, Field, v Field Name (gi tt l Table).

Trong Excel, mt s cng c lm vic

hiu qu vi Table hn l nhng khi

thng thng. Khi cn phi chuyn i

khi thnh mt Table. chuyn i,

yu cu d liu phi c cu trc ging

CSDL nh hnh 4.1. Cch chuyn i nh

sau:

1. Chn khi mun chuyn i. Chng

ta c hai la chn:

- to mt Table vi nhng nh

dng do chng ta ch nh, vo

Home Style Format as Table ri chn mt kiu trong danh sch

(hnh 4.2). Excel s hin th hp

thoi Format As Table. Hnh 4.2 To Table theo cc nh dng c sn



- to mt Table vi nh dng mc nh,

chn Insert Tables Table (hoc bm

Ctrl+T). Excel s hin th hp thoi Create

Table (hnh 4.3).

2. Trong hp thoi Format As Table hoc Create

Table, Where is the data for your table? hin th a

ch khi mun chuyn thnh Table (vng xc

nh do c bi en t trc). Nu khng

ng nh, chng ta c th nhp li a ch

khi .

3. Nu khi c cc tiu ct trn hng trn

cng (thng l c), v dng nhng tiu

ny lm cc Field Name, hy nh du vo ty

chn My table has headers (mc nh).

4. Bm OK, khi s chuyn thnh mt Table v

Table Tools cha tab Design xut hin (hnh 4.4).

Khi chuyn i thnh mt Table, s c cc thay

i nh sau:

Table c to ra c tn (Name), mc nh theo

th t to l Table1, Table2,... Chng ta c th

sa li Name ca Table cho ph hp trong Name

Hnh 4.3 Khai bo a ch khi khi to Table

Hnh 4.4 Table c to v cc chc nng trong Design



Manager (hnh 4.5) hoc trong Design, nhng khng thay i c

a ch vng tham chiu (hoc thay i Name theo mc 3.11).

nh dng cc theo quy nh ca Table. y khng phi l

Conditional Formatting m cng khng phi l nh dng thng

thng. Chng ta hiu r hn kiu nh dng ny khi thm bt cc

Record hoc Field.

Thm mi tn th xung bn phi mi Field Name (ging chn

Filter), tc l Table ang trong iu kin c lc.

Trn thanh Ribbon, s thy c thm mt tab Design nm bn di

Table Tools mi khi bt k mt no trong Table

c chn (hnh 4.4).

Khi cun mn hnh xung di che lp dng tiu

ca Table, Excel s hin th cc Field Name thay

cho cc tiu ct ca bng tnh (hnh 4.6).

Khi to Table cho mt vng, chng c thit lp

nhng chc nng c bit khc vi i tng bng

tnh thng thng. i tng Table c nhng chc

nng c bn sau:

Hnh 4.5 Qun l Name trong Excel

Hnh 4.6 Tiu ca Table thay th tn tiu ct khi b cun xung



Khi chn mi tn th xung bn phi Field Name, danh sch

menu c th xung gip chng ta sp sp (Sort) v trch

lc d liu (Filter) trong Table, nh vn thng p dng i

vi bng tnh (hnh 4.7).

Chn bt k no dng st hng bn di hoc bn phi

ct ca Table (trong phm vi hot ng ca ct hoc hng

trong Table), nhp d liu v bm Enter. Table t ng m

rng, cha thm hng hoc ct mi. Mt s nh dng

hng bn trn khng c thit lp cho Record mi.

Excel c mt s mu nh dng sn cho Table. Bm chut vo bn trong Table, chn Design, ri chn mt kiu nh dng trong th

vin Table Styles (hnh 4.4). Khi chn thm hoc loi b mt Record (hoc Field), Excel s t ng iu chnh cc nh dng theo

thit lp ca Table.

Nu g mt cng thc trong Field Value (), ton b cc Field Value trong Field s t ng cp nht cng thc , thay v ko

chut i vi bng tnh thng thng. Ni dung cng thc cng t ng thay i,

Documents

Cac Chuyen de Hay Trong Excel 2007-2010 - Mung SN GPE 7