Mc lc[n]

1 ng dng mch tuyn tnh o 1.1 Mch khuch i vi sai 1.1.1 H s khuch i vi sai o 1.2 Mch khuch i o o 1.3 Mch khuch i khng o o 1.4 Mch theo in p o 1.5 Mch khuch i tng o 1.6 Mch tch phn o 1.7 Mch vi phn o 1.8 Mch so snh o 1.9 Mch khuch i o lng o 1.10 Mch chuyn i kiu Schmitt (Schmitt trigger) o 1.11 Mch gi lp cun cm o 1.12 Mch pht hin mc khng o 1.13 Mch bin i tng tr m 2 Cc ng dng phi tuyn o 2.1 Mch chnh lu chnh xc o 2.2 Mach khuch i u ra L-ga 3 Cc ng dng khc

[sa] ng dng mch tuyn tnh[sa] Mch khuch i vi sai

Mch khuch i vi sai Bi chi tit: Mch khuch i vi sai

Mch in ny dng tm ra hiu s, hoc sai s gia 2 in p m mi in p c th c nhn vi mt vi hng s no . Cc hng s ny xc nh nh cc in tr. Thut ng "Mch khuch i vi sai" khng c nhm ln vi thut ng "Mch vi phn" cng trong bi ny.

Tng tr vi sai

(gia 2 chn u vo) =

[sa] H s khuch i vi sai Nu v , v

[sa] Mch khuch i o

Mch khuch i o Dng i du v khuch i mt in p (nhn vi mt s m)

(v

l mt im t o)

Mt in tr th ba, c tr s , c thm vo gia u vo khng o v t mc d i khi khng cn thit lm, nhng n s gim thiu sai s do dng nh thin u vo.

[sa] Mch khuch i khng o

Mch khuch i khng o Dng khuch i mt in p (nhn vi mt hng s ln hn 1)

(thc ra, tng tr bn thn ca u vo op-amp c gi tr t 1 M n 10 T. Trong nhiu trng hp tng tr u vo c th c xem nh cao hn, do nh hng ca mch hi tip.) Mt in tr th ba, c gi tr bng , c thm vo gia ngun tn hiu vo v u vo khng o trong khi thc ra khng cn thit, nhng n s lm gim thiu nhng sai s do dng in nh thin u vo.

[sa] Mch theo in p

Mch theo in p c s dng nh mt b khuch i m, gii hn nhng nh hng ca ti hay phi hp tng tr (ni gia mt linh kin c tng tr ngun ln vi mt linh kin khc c tng tr vo thp). Do c hi tip m su, mch ny c khuynh hng khng n nh khi ti c tnh dung cao. iu ny c th ngn nga bng cch ni vi ti qua 1 in tr.

(thc ra, tng tr bn thn ca u vo op-amp c gi tr t 1 M n 10 T.)

[sa] Mch khuch i tng

Mch khuch i tng Mach c s dng lm php cng mt s tn hiu in p

nu

, v

c lp th

Nu

Ng ra s i du Tng tr u vo

, cho mi u vo (

xem nh im t o)

[sa] Mch tch phn

Mch tch phn Mch ny dng tch phn (c o du) mt tn hiu theo thi gian.

(Trong , v ti thi im t = 0.)

l cc hm s theo thi gian,

l in p ng ra ca mch tch phn

Lu rng cu trc ca mch ny cng c xem l mch lc thng thp, mt dng ca mch lc tch cc.

[sa] Mch vi phn

Mch vi phn Mch ny ly vi phn (c o du) mt tn hiu theo thi gian. Thut ng "Mch vi phn" trnh khng nn nhm ln vi "mch khuch i vi sai", cng trong trang ny.

(Trong ,

v

l cc hm s theo thi gian)

Lu rng cu trc ca mch ny c th xem nh mt mch lc thng thng, mt dng ca mch lc tch cc.

[sa] Mch so snh

Mch so snh Mch ny so snh hai tn hiu in p, v s chuyn mch ng ra hin th mch no c in p cao hn.

(Trong

l in p ngun, v mach s c cp ngun t

v

.)

[sa] Mch khuch i o lng

Mch khuch i o lng Ngi ta kt hp cc c tnh tng tr vo rt cao, suy gim tn hiu ng pha cao, in p b u vo thp v cc c tnh khc thit k mch o lng chnh xc, nhiu thp.

Mch ny c thit lp bng cch thm mt mch khuch i khng o, m vo mi u vo ca mch khuch i vi sai tng tng tr vo.

[sa] Mch chuyn i kiu Schmitt (Schmitt trigger)