CÁCH CHỌN TỤ BÙ THEO TIÊU CHUẨN QUỐC TẾ

1. CCH CHN T B THEO TIU CHUN QUC T (IEC)I.Ti sao cn ci thin h s cng sut:1.Gim gi thnh tin in:- Nng cao h s cng sut em li nhng u im v k thut v kinh t, nht l gim tin in.- Trong giai on s dng in c gii hn theo qui nh. Vic tiu th nng lng phn khng vt qu 40% nng lng tc dng (tg> 0,4: y l gi tr tho thun vi cng ty cung cp in) th ngi s dng nng lng phn khng phi tr tin hng thng theo gi hin hnh.- Do , tng nng lng phn khng c tnh tin cho thi gian s dng s l:kVAr ( phi tr tin ) = KWh ( tg 0,4)- Mc d c li v gim bt tin in, ngi s dng cn cn nhc n yu t ph tn do mua sm, lp t bo tr cc t in ci thin h s cng sut.2.Ti u ho kinh t - k thut - Ci thin h s cng sut cho php ngi s dng my bin p, thit b ng ct v cp nh hn V.Vng thi gim tn tht in nng v st p trong mng in. - H s cng sut cao cho php ti u ho cc phn t cung cp in. Khi y cc thit b in khng cn nh mc d tha. Tuy nhin t c kt qu tt nht, cn t t cnh cnh tng phn t ca thit b tiu th cng sut phn khng.Ci thin h s cng sut - ci thin h s cng sut ca mng in, cn mt b t in lm ngun pht cng sut phn khng. Cch gii quyt ny c gi l b cng sut phn khng. -Ti mang tnh cm c h s cng sut thp s nhn thnh phn dng in phn khng t my pht a n qua h thng truyn ti phn phi. Do ko theo tn tht cng sut v hin tng st p.- Khi mc cc t song song vi ti, dng in c tnh dung ca t s c cng ng i nh thnh phn cm khng ca dng ti. v vy hai dng in ny s trit tiu ln nhau IC= IL. Nh vy khng cn tn ti dng phn khng qua phn li pha trc v tr t t.- c bit ta nn trnh nh mc ng c qu ln cng nh ch chy khng ti ca ng c. Lc ny h s cng sut ca ng c rt nh (0,17) do lng cng sut tc dng tiu th ch khng ti rt nh.II.Cc thit b b cng sut: 1. B trn li in p Trong mng li h p, b cng sut c thc hin bng :-T in vi lng b c nh (b nn).-Thit b iu chnh b t ng hoc mt b t cho php iu chnh lin tc theo yu cu khi ti thay i.Ch : Khi cng sut phn khng cn b vt qu 800KVAr v ti c tnh lin tc v n nh, vic lp t b t pha trung p thng c hiu qu kinh t tt hn.2. T b nnB tr b gm mt hoc nhiu t to nn lng b khng i. vic iu khin c th thc hin:-Bng tay: dng CB hoc LBS ( load break switch )-Bn t ng: dng contactor-Mc trc tip vo ti ng in cho mch b ng thi khi ng ti.Cc t in c t:-Ti v tr u ni ca thit b tiu th in c tnh cm ( ng c in v my bin p ).-Ti v tr thanh gp cp ngun cho nhiu ng c nh v cc ph ti c tnh cm khng i vi chng vic b tng thit b mt t ra qu tn km.-Trong cc trng hp khi ti khng thay i.3. B t b iu khin t ng ( b ng ng )- B cng sut thng c hin bng cc phng tin iu khin ng ngt tng b phn cng sut.- Thit b ny cho php iu khin b cng sut mt cch t ng, gi h s cng sut trong mt gii hn cho php chung quanh gi tr h s cng sut c chn.- Thit b ny c lp t ti cc v tr m cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng thay i trong phm vi rt rng. v d: ti thanh gp ca t phn phi chnh, ti u ni ca cc cp trc chu ti ln.Cc nguyn l v l do s dng b t ng:- B t b gm nhiu phn v mi phn c iu khin bng contactor. Vic ng mt contactor s ng mt s t song song vi cc t vn hnh. V vy lng cng sut b c th tng hay gim theo tng cp bng cch thc hin ng hoc ct contactor iu khin t. Mt rley iu khin kim sot h s cng sut ca mng in s thc hin ng v m cc contactor tng ng h s cng sut c h thng thay i ( vi sai s do iu chnh tng bc ). iu khin rle my bin dng phi t ln mt pha ca dy cp dn in cung cp n mch c iu khin. Khi thc hin b chnh xc bng cc gi tr ti yu cu s trnh c hin tng qu in p khi ti gim xung thp v do kh b cc iu kin pht sinh qu in p v trnh cc thit hi xy ra cho trang thit b.- Qu in p xut hin do hin tng b d ph thuc mt phn vo gi tr tng tr ngun.Cc qui tc b chung- Nu cng sut b t ( kVar ) nh hn hoc bng 15% cng sut nh mc my bin p cp ngun, nn s dng b nn. - Nu trn mc 15%, nn s dng b kiu t ng.- V tr lp t t p trong mng in c tnh n ch b cng sut; hoc b tp trung, b nhm, b cc b, hoc b kt hp hai phng n sau cng.- V nguyn tc, b l tng c ngha l b p dng cho tng thi im tiu th v vi mc m ph ti yu cu cho mi thi im.- Trong thc tin, vic chn phng cch b da vo cc h s kinh t v k thut.V tr lp t t b:3.1B tp trung:p dng cho ti n nh v lin tc.Nguyn l: b t u vo thanh gp h p ca t phn phi chnh v c ng trong thi gian ti hot ng.u im:- Gim tin pht do vn tiu th cng sut phn khng .- Lm gim cng sut biu kin.- Lm nh ti cho my bin p v do n c kh nng pht trin thm cc ph ti cn thit.Nhn xt:- Dng in phn khng tip tc i vo tt c l ra t phn phi chnh ca mng h th.- V l do ny kch c dy dn , cng sut tn hao khng c ci thin ch b tp trung. 3.2 B nhm ( tng phn on ).B nhm nn s dng khi mng in qu ln v khi ch ti tiu th theo thi gian ca cc phn on thay i khc nhau.Nguyn l: b t c u vo t phn phi khu vc . hiu qu do b nhm mang li cho dy dn xut pht t t phn phi chnh n cc t khu vc c t t c th hin r nht.u im:- Lm gim tin pht do vn tiu th cng sut phn khng.- Lm gim cng sut biu kin yu cu.- Kch thc dy cp i n cc t phn phi khu vc s gim i hoc vi cng dy cp trn c th tng thm ph ti cho t phn phi khu vc.Nhn xt :- Dng in phn khng tip tc i vo tt c dy dn xut pht t t phn phi khu vc.- V l do ny m kch thc v cng sut tn hao trong dy dn ni trn khng c ci thin vi ch b nhm.- Khi c s thay i ng k ca ti, lun lun tn ti nguy c b d v km theo hin tng qu in p.3.3 B ring:B ring nn c xt n khi cng sut ng c ln ng k so vi mng in.Nguyn l: b t mc trc tip vo u dy ni ca thit b dng in c tnh cm ( ch yu l cc ng c ).B t nh mc ( kVAr) n khong 25% gi tr cng sut ng c. B b sung ti u ngun in cng c th mang li hiu qu tt.u im :Lm gim tin pht do tiu th cng sut phn khng (kVAr)Gim cng sut biu kin yu cu.Gim kch thc v tn hao dy dn i vi tt c dy dn.Nhn xt :Cc dng in phn khng c gi tr ln s khng cn tn ti trong mng in.3.4 Mc b ti uPhng php chungBng s liu tnh ton cng sut phn khng cn thit trong giai on thit k. qua c th xc nh cng sut phn khng v cng sut tc dng cho mc b khc nhau.Vn ti u ho kinh t k thut cho mt mng in ang hot ng.Vic tnh ton nh mc b ti u cho mt mng tn ti c th thc hin theo nhng lu sau:+ Tin in trc khi t b+ Tin in tng lai sau khi lp t b.+ Cc chi ph bao gm :-Mua t b v mch iu khin.-Lp t v bo tr-Tn tht trong t v tn tht trn dy cp, my bin p sau khi lp t b.III. Chn T B :1. Phng php tnh n gin:( chn t b cho mt ti no th ta cn bit cng sut(P) ca ti v h s cng sut (Cos ) ca ti ): Gi s ta c cng sut ca ti l P H s cng sut ca ti l Cos 1tg 1( trc khi b ) H s cng sut sau khi b l Cos 2tg 2. Cng sut phn khng cn b l QC= P (tg1 tg2).T cng sut cn b ta chn t b cho ph hp trong bng catalog ca nh cung cp t b. d hiu ta s cho v d minh ho nh sau: Gi s ta c cng sut ti l P = 270 (KW). H s cng sut trc khi b l cos1= 0.75tg1= 0.88 H s cng sut sau khi b l Cos2= 0.95tg2= 0.33 Vy cng sut phn khng cn b l Qb= P ( tg1 tg2) Qb= 270( 0.88 0.33 ) = 148.5 (KVAr) T s liu ny ta chn t b trong bng catalog ca nh sn xut gi s l ta c t 25KVAr. b cho ti th ta cn b 6 t 25 KVAr tng cng sut phn khng l 6x25=150(KVAr) vi 6 t b ny ta chn b iu khin 6 cp . 2. Phng php b ti u da vo iu kin khng ng tin pht: Xt ho n tin in lin quan n dung lng kVArh tiu th v ghi nhn s kVArh phi tr tin sau , chn ho n tin gi kVArh cao nht phi tr (khng xt n trng hp ngoi l). V d: 15965 kVArh trong thng gingTnh tng thi gian hot ng trong thng v d : 220h s gi xt tnh l nhng gi m h thng in chu ti ln nht v ti t gi tr nh cao nht. ngoi thi gian k trn vic tiu th cng sut phn khng l min ph. Gi tr cng sut cn b: [kVAr] =kVAr/T= QbkVAr : s kVAr phi tr tin.T : s gi hot ng Dung lng b thng c chn cao hn gi tr tnh ton mt cht. Mt s hng cung cp qui tc thc loga thit k t bit cho vic tnh ton ny theo cc khung gi ring. Cng c trn v cc d liu km theo gip ta chn la thit b b v s iu khin thch hp, ng thi rng buc ca cc sng hi in p trong h thng in . cc sng hi ny i hi s dng nh mc t d ( lin quan n gii nhit, nh mc p v dng in ) v cc cun khng hoc mch lc sng hi.ng26th FebruarybiHKmeNhn:TI LIU THAM KHO0Add a comment

2. FEB25

GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU LP T NG DY V THIT B TRONG CNG TRNH INBi vit ny trnh by nhng iu c bn v cc kin thc phc v cho thi cng v nghim thu lp t ng dy v thit b trong cng trnh in.

CCH T DY DN INCc hng dn trong chng ny p dng lp t v nghim thu cc dy dn in ng lc v chiu sng in p 1 chiu v xoay chiu n 1000 vn trong nh v ngoi tri bng dy dn cch in v cp khng c v thp mt ct b.Cn dy dn trn phi tun theo chng VIII sau y.7.1. Yu cu chungKiu, mt ct v loi dy dn do thit k quy nh theo ph ti v c im ni t.Ch ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn v cp khng c chu cc ng sut c hc. Ch ni v phn nhnh rut cp v dy dn phi c cch in tng ng vi cch in nhng ch cn nguyn vn. Phi dng cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh ni cng nh phn nhnh cc dy dn trong cc hp bt kn, trong cc ng v trong cc ng lng mm bng kim loi khi t h cng nh khi t ngm.Cu to ca cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi ph hp vi cch t dy iu kin mi trng.Bn trong cc hp c np ng m c v cc mng nn ni v phn nhnh dy dn bng cc kp chuyn dng c v cch in m bo.ch dy dn chui ra khi hp, mng, ng cng v ng lng mm bng kim loi u phi c bo v trnh h hng.nhng ch dy dn giao cho vi cc mi ni co dn phi c vt b tr co dn.

Khng quy nh cao lp t cch nn nh hoc sn nh cho dy dn cch in c bo v, dy dn lun trong cc ng thp v cc ng lng mm bng kim loi, cp mm lm vic trong iu kin nng.nhng ch dy dn v cp c th b h hng do c hc th phi c bo v thm.

Cc ng cch in c v kim loi, cc ng giy bo v dy dn in, cc cp v ng lng mm bng kim loi cn phi c nh vo cc mt . Vi khong cch c nh l: 0,8 - 1 m vi ng 0,5 - 0,7m vi dy dn, cp v ng lng mm bng kim loi.Khi t song song vi cc ng ng th khong cch t dy dn v cp n ng ng t nht l 100 mm v phi ch cc ng ng nhin liu lng v kh t nht l 250 mm.Khi t gn cc ng c nhit cao th dy dn v cp phi c bo v chng tc hi do nng hoc phi dng doi dy dn v cp thch hp.Trong cc hp v mng, dy dn v dy cp phi t cch nhau mt khong l 5mm thnh tng dy. Cho php t dy dn ni trn thnh tng b khng qu 12 giy v cc b phi cch nhau t nht l 20 mm. Khi cc b dy dn phi c c nh cht bng cc vng kp, vng ai v.v).Khi cc hp t dy b tr thng ng hay t quay np xung di th bt buc phi c nh cht cc dy dn.Trong cc gian i hi phi ni t th cc hp v cc mng t dy dn ni vi nhau phi to nn mt mch in lin tc trn ton b chiu di ca chng.Cc dy dn t h phi phi hp vi cc ng nt kin trc ca nh v cng trnh m bo m thut.Chiu di ca cc dy dn t trong cc gian m t (git, tm.v.v.v) cng ngn cng tt. Cc dy dn nn t bn ngoi cc gian ny v n chiu sng nn t gn dy dn trn tng.Dy dn t theo b mt kt cu b h thng xuyn nung nng (ng dn khi, ng dn kh l v.v..) khng cho php t kn. Khi t h trn b mt ng dn khi, ng dn kh l .v.v... th nhit ca khng kh xung quay dy dn khng c vt qu 35oC.nhng on thng ca tuyn dy, cc vng kp dng c nh dy dn, cp v ng c t trc tip trn mt phi cch u nhau.Trn cc on thng v cc ch vng, cc vng kp phi t thng gc vi ng tim t dy dn.Khi dng cc vng ai v cc vng kp bng kim loi c nh dy dn th phi lt cc m cch in.Cc inh dng c nh dy dn vo cc kt cu cng trnh thng dng sng chuyn dng thi cng hoc dng cc bin php khc thch hp. Cc inh phi c la chn v c nh ln cc mt theo ng ti liu hng dn.Cc vng kp bng kim loi dng c nh dy dn, cp v ng thp u phi sn chng r.Cc dy dn t ngm phi c 1 on d phng t nht 50 mm cnh nhng ch ni trong cc hp phn nhnh v cnh ch ni vi cc n chiu sng, cng tc v cm.Khi dy dn t ngm th cc hp ni, cc hp t cng tc, cm cng phi t chm trong kt cu xy dng sao cho mt hp ( mt cng tc, cm) ngang bng vi mt tng.Trong cc cu kin c sn thnh tm ln v cc khi ln ca cc cng trnh nh ca c sn xut nh my, cng trng th cn lm sn cc rnh t dy dn in, cc hc t cng tc, cm, cc hp phn nhnh v cc bng in ph hp vi bn v thit k cc cu kin .Cc rnh v cc hc cha li phi bng phng. Chiu dy ca lp bo v tim rnh ng, hc phi m bo t nht l 10 mm.7.2. t dy dn in ln cc vt cch in (cc puli, cc cch in, cc kp dy ...)Khi t dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v ln cc puli cch in th cao t dy phi cch mt sn t nht l 2,5 m. Nhng trng hp sau y cho php t dy cch mt t 2m.- Vi in p ti 40 V tr ln cc gian t nguy him.- Vi in p di ti 40 V cc gian khc.-cc gian sn xut cng nghip

Quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc sn phc v ca my trc v cho nhng ch kp dy n cng tc, thit b khi ng.Cc gian nh sn xut, nhng ch kp n cng tc, cm, cc thit b v bng in u phi c bo v trnh h hng do tc ng c hc v phi t cao t nht l 1,5m so vi nn nh hau sn cng tc.nhng gian sinh hot ca x nghip cng nghip, nng nghip, cc phng nh v phng sinh hot qua cc cng trnh cng cng th on dy ni vo cng tc, cm v bng in .v.v.. khng cn thit phi bo v chng h hng c hc.

Bng VII.1Cc phng php c nh dy dnKhong cch cho php (m) vi tit din dy dn (mm2)

Di 2,5461016-2535-70Trn 95

Trn cc puli0,80,80,80,811,21,2

Trn cch in t trn tng v trn nh12222,536

Trn cch in t trn tng khi dy dn in t ngoi tri2222222

Trn cch in t theo dn gia cc tng hay cc ct i vi dy dn c rut:

- Bng ng- Bng nhm61,5126t 12 - 15T 12 - 25

612

Khong cch gia cc ng tim cc dy dn cch in loi khng c nbo v ca cng 1 mch hay ca cc mch khc nhau t trn cc vt cch in khng c b hn tr s nu trong bng VII-2 sau y:Bng VII - 2Khong cch nh nht gia cc ng tim ca dy dn cch in loi khng c bo m t trn cc vt cch inS TTCc phng php c nh dy dnKhong cch cho php (mm) ng vi mt ct dy dn (mm2)

Di 1016 - 2535-5070-95120

1Trn cc puly hoc cc kp dy35505070100

2Trn cc cch in7070100150150

Cc chn in kiu cong, cc gi cng vi cch in phi c nh chc vo vt liu chnh ca tng. Cc puly hoc cc kp dy dng cho cc dy dn mt ct 4 mm2tr xung c th c nh ln lp va trt hay ln g lt mt phng.Cc puli v cc cch in gc nh phi t cch trn hoc tng k bn 1,5 - 2 ln chiu cao ca puly hay cch in, cc puli hay cch in ch xuyn tng cng theo khong cch nh trn.Cc dy dn cch in mt rut loi khng c bo v phi dng dy thp mm buc cht vo puli hay cch in. cc gian nh m t v ngoi tri th dy thp buc phi c qut sn chng r. Ch buc dy dn phi c qun bng cch in bo v. C th dng cc vng khuyn hay dy nha mm (pliclovinyl) c nh dy dn loi khng c bo v vo puli hay cch in (tr cc v tr gc v cc u cui).Cc ch kp cht dy dn phi m lt khng h hng cch in.Vic t dy trn cch in phi theo quy nh sau:- Cch in trung gian - t dy c hoc nh cch in.- Cch in gc: t c cch in.- Cch in no cui: Dng kho hm.Quy nh ch ni dy r nhnh phi thc hin ngay ti puli hoc cch in.i vi dy dn c cch in v tr gc, cui, r nhnh vng qua x v.v... phi dng bng vi, hoc dy gai buc vo puli.Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v giao cho nhau m khong cch gia chng nh hn tr s bng VI - 2 th dy cp c mt ct ln hn phi lun trong ng cch in v phi c c nh chc chn. Nu cc dy cch in loi c bo v m khong cch gi chng nh hn 10mm th ph p dng bin php nh trn ca iu ny.Khi dy dn cch in giao cho vi ng ng th khong cch gia chng t nht phi l 50 mm i vi cc ng dn nhin liu lng hay khi th khong cch t nht phi l 100 mm hoc dy dn phi lun trong ng cch in hay ng thp t trong rnh.Khi giao cho vi ng ng c nhit cao hn nhit bnh thng th phi c bin php cch nhit thch hp.Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v xuyn qua tng th hi lun dy trong ng cch in cng v phi c nh. pha trong nh kh ro phi dng ng lt cch in cn m t v pha chui ra ngoi phi dng phu.ng dy xuyn qua vch ngm v vch g gi cc gian nh kh ro cho php lun trong ng cch in c v kim loi trong ng dy - kim loi.Khi dy dn cch in loi khng bo v xuyn qua t gian nh kh ro ny sang nh kh ro khc, cho php tt c cc dy dn c cch in ca cng 1 ng dy lun chung trong 1 ng cch in. Trong cc trng hp khc (t ni kh ro vo ni m t v.v...) t mi dy phi lun trong mt ng cch in ring, khi dy dn i vo ni m t c nhit , m v.v... khc nhau th c 2 pha u phi trt kn bng nha cch in. Khi dy dn chui t gian kh ro sang gian m t hoc chui ra ngoi tri m phi ni dy th ch ni phi t pha kh ro.Dy dn cch in v cp i xuyn t tng ny sang tng khc ca nh phi lun qua ng hoc l cha sn trn cu kin. Cm dng dy bn xuyn qua sn nh gia 2 tng.Khi dy dn xuyn qua sn nh gia tng cho php lun trong ng cch in t di lp va trt ca tng. Cc ng cch in phi t lin tc c ng lt v phi t ti mp ngoi.i vi loi dy bn c 2 hoc 3 rut ch i vng trong cc gian nh kh ro nu c gp chng ngi th cho php lun chung trong 1 ng cch in khng cn t ra.Bn knh un ca dy dn mt rut cch in loi khng c bo v t nht phi bng 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn.7.3. Dy dn t treoCc loi dy dn chuyn dng loi cp in v cc loi dy dn khc c lp t treo vo cp thp chu lc bng loi kp ring hoc bng phng php qun buc thch hp.Khi lp t dy dn in kiu treo chuyn dng phi theo cc yu cu sau:a) Ph kin no dy t trong hp ch to t thp tm dy t nht l 3mm, cc mp ch lng dy v ph kin no phi c da trn khng lm hng v ca t cp treo.b) Dy dn ko qua l hp phn nhnh bng kim loi phi lun trong ng lt cch in lin tc hoc phi qun bng dnh t 3 - 4 lp.Cc thp chu lc dng treo dy dn c th bn t cc si thp m km c ng knh t 1,05 - 6,5 mm. Cho php dng dy thp cn nng c qut sn hay m km ng knh t 5,5 - 8 mm lm cp treo. Vic la chn cp chu lc treo dy phi theo yu cu ca thit k tnh ton xc nh.Khi treo dy cp thp phi cng n vng nh nht, ng lc khng c vt qu 0,7 ng lc cho php i vi loi cp thp .Ch ch t hp li phn nhnh, hp ni kiu cm v n chiu sng th mi treo dy thng ng. Dy treo ng nn dng loi dy thp c ng knh t 2 - 3 mm i vi dy in ng lc v t 1,5 - 2 mm i vi dy in chiu sng. Tt c cc b phn kim loi ca dy in t treo, k c cp chu lc u phi ni t.Trong cc gian sn xut thng thng, cho php dng dy cp lm dy chung tnh lm vic trong li in phn nhm ca h thng in c trung tnh ni t.Cm dng cp chu lc lm dy ni t - nn dng mt dy dn ring hoc mt rut ring ca dy dn (hoc cp) lm dy ni t. Tt c cc loi b phn kim loi ca dy in t treo nh:- B phn h trn ca cp thp.- Cc b phn kho cp, kt cu no cui, kp treo dy v.v. u phi bi trn du xilidn.Khi treo dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v vo cp chu lc khi khong cch gia cc im c nh dy dn khng c ln hn cc tr s sau:i vi dy dn cch in khng c bo v.- Mt ct 1mm2: 1m- Mt ct 1,5 - 6 mm2: 1,5m.i vi dy dn c bo v trong mi trng hp: 0,5 m.7.4. t dy dn loi c bo v v cp cch in bng cao su.nhng on thng th khong cch gia cc ch c nh gy dn c bo v v cp khng c ln hn cc gi tr trong bng VI - 3 sau y:

STTLoi dyKhong cch ln nht (mm) gia cc ch c nh dy dn c bo v hoc cp

on t ngangon t thng ng

1Dy dn500500700600

2Cp500500

Phi dng mc kp c nh dy dn v cp nhng ch lun dy vo hp kh c in hoc phu cp v phi t cch mp ca chng t 50 - 70 mm.Khong cch t ch dy bt u un cong n mc gn nht phi t 10 - 15mm.Khi dy dn cp n c t theo ng ngang th nhng im c nh trung gian c th dng loi kp mt tai v tai kp phi t thp hn dy dn hoc cp.Khi dy dn hoc cp t thng ng theo tng trn nh, gc nh phi dng kp 2 tai hoc ai c vng khuy c nh dy.Bn knh un cong ca dy phi ln hn:- Dy dn TIIP v IIPII: 6 ln ng knh ngoi- Dy dn CPr v BPr : 10 ln ng knh ngoi.Khi cp v dy cch in loi c bo v i qua tng gch, tng btng phi t trong ng kim loi hay ng cch in l cha sn c trt va.Cho php t nhiu dy dn ca cng 1 mch hay nhiu cp trong cng mt ng.i vi dy cch in v cp c cch in bng cao su chui qua tng gch bng btng th 2 u ng lun dy phi c ng lt.Khi dy xuyn qua sn gc cng phi lun trong ng th u ng phi cch mt sau 1,5 m. Khi chui qua trn nh th u di ca ng lun cng phi cch trn 1,50m nhng on no c th lm hng dy cng phi dng bin php bo v.Khi 2 tuyn cp hoc dy dn giao cho nhau th mt trong hai tuyn phi c bo v bng cch:- Lun trong ng cch in.- Xy rnh- t trong ng kim loi.Mi ghp ca ng lun bng kim loi phi quay v pha mt ng. Khi ng t ngang theo tng th mi ghp phi hng xung di trnh hi m lt vo.Ch tch cc u dy v kim loi phi b gp ra ngoi khi lm hng cch in. Dy dn c v thp IIPII phi c ai hoc u trnh b tut. trnh b lo ho cch in ca cc si n mn mnh th phi dng loi sn thch hp. Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc rut dy dn v cp i vo trong hp c ng lun dy ca my in hoc kh c in kiu kn, kiu chng bi hoc kiu chng nc.Cm t cp CPr ln cc ch mi qut sn hoc qut vi cn t. Nu cn t ngay th v cp phi c qut bng mt loi sn chng kh trc khi t.Vic ni dy hoc r nhnh cp v dy dn loi c bo v phi thc hin trong hp. Khi cho dy vo hp, kh c, ng h phi lun c v bo v.Nu v kim loi ca cp v ca dy dn cng nh cc hp kim loi cn phi ni t th ni chung vi dy trung tnh ni t v phi bo m tnh cht lin tc v in trn ton b tuyn dy.Tt c cn ni lin mch phi c qut sn trn v kim loi khng c c cc vt h hng.7.5. t h v t ngm dy dn inCho php t dy dn dt nh, nh lm vic, bnh vin, trng hc, nh tr, cc nh sn xut cng, nng nghip, cc nh cng cng, nh ht, cu lc b, nh bp, nh v sinh, trn thang gc, nh hm .v.v.. (tr nhng trng hp quy nh cc iu ca chng ny).C th t h cc dy dn dt:a) - Trc tip ln tng, vch ngn, sn c trt thch cao kh hoc va t.b) - Ln tng bng vt liu khng chy, vch ngn c dn lp bi (ngay trn mt lp bi).Khng cho php t h dy dt trc tip ln tng, vch ngn lm bng g. Trong trng hp c bit phi t th nht thit phi lt di dy tip xc vi g lp aming tm du t nht l 3mm.Vic t dy dt ngm trong tng hoc vch ngn bng granhit hoc trt va thng phi theo cc iu kin sau y:a) - Nu tng hoc vch ngn bng vt liu khng chy th t dy trong rnh lt va hoc di lp va t.b) - Cng trng hp trn nhng va bng thch cao kh th t dy vo rnh lt va n ngang mt tng hoc vch ngn hay t dy trong lp va thch cao mn c qunh, hoc t di lp aming tm.c) - Trong cc rnh v cc kt cu xy dng rng.d) - t sn trong cc kt cu xy dng c sn t xng ch to (theo ch dn ring).t ngm dy dn dt trn nh phi theo mt trong cc phng php sau:a. t di lp va t ca trn nh lm bng cc tm khng chy.b. t trong khe h gia cc tm btng c sn, bn ngoi trt va thch cao mn.c) t trong cc rnh cha sn trong cc tm b tng ct thp c ln, ngoi cng trt va thch cao mn.d) Trong cc tng v cc hc trng ca cc tm btng ct st ca panen v trong rnh cc tm c bit ca nh kiu tm ln.) t sn trong cc cu kin c sn t xng ch to (theo ch dn ring).e) t trn nn sn th ca mi tng, trn nh khng chy ca tng cui cng (k c tng hm), di lp va, xi mng ct hoc thch cao dy 10mm. Trng hp ny, nu khng p dng c theo cc im a,c,d th dng theo cc im b,. i vi dy dt t ngm trn nh yu cu chung l phi t ch no m bo khng b h hng v mt c hc.Khng cho php dng dy dn dt trong cc trng hp sau y:7.5.1. t h1. Trong cc gian d chy2. Trn cc trn thng7.5.2. t h v ngm:a) Trong cc gian d nb) Trong cc gian c bit m t.c) Trong cc gian c mi trng n mn mnh.d) Trn sn g ca nhng nh tr, bnh vin, cung vn ho, cu lc b, trng hc v k tc x ca cc trng.) cung cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng kiu treo.e) sn khu v ch ngi ca khn gi.Cc dy dt c cch in bng cht do khng chu c nh sng (trong sut - mu vng nu) ch cho php t ngm.Khi t ngm dy dn dt phi la chn tuyn nh sau:a) Thng thng, khi t ngang theo tng th phi t song song vi cc ng giao nhau qua tng v trn v cch trn 10 - 200 mm hoc cnh g, mi ua hoc x ngang t 50 - 100 mm. Cc cm in ln t thnh hng ngang.b) Khi ko n cc n chiu sng, cc cng tc v cm phi t d theo chiu thng ng. Trong cc nh lp ghp tm ln, cho php ko theo rnh c sn.c) Khi t dy treo trn (trong lp va, trong cc khe, trong lp rng ca tm sn) nn ko theo khong cch ngn nht gia hp phn nhnh v n chiu sng.Khi ko dy dn giao cho vi cc ng ng dn nhin liu lng hay khi phi t dy cch ng ng 100 mm, hoc lun dy trong ng cch in hoc trong rnh.Khi dy dn giao cho hoc i song song vi cc ng ng c nhit cao th dy dn phi c bo v cch nhit.Khi dy dn t h song song vi ng ng th khong cch gia dy v ng phi trn 100 mm v vi ng dn cht lng, nng th t nht l 250 mm.Cn trnh t dy dn dt giao cho vi nhau. Nu tht cn thit phi giao cho th ti phi cun tng cng 3 n 4 lp bng nha dnh hoc bng cao su.Khi dng dy dn dt 3 rut trong li in chiu sng th dng cc rut ngoi cng lm dy pha cn rut gia lm dy trung tnh.Khi cn phi un cong cc dy dn dt ti gc lng 90otrn mt tng v trn nh phi theo mt trong 3 phng php sau:a) Nu un dy theo b dt mt gc 90oth khng cn phi rch gii bng cch ly, khng c dt ny gip vi rut kia.b) Mun un theo cnh th phi rch gii bng cch ly dc theo dy v mt rut c un vng vo pha trong.c) Nu dy dn khng c gii bng cch ly c un theo cnh vi g bn knh un m bo khng lm gy cch in ch un.Dy dn dt h i qua cc vch chn v sn phi lun trong ng cch in, 2 u ng phi lng ng lt bng cao su hoc s hay nha.Ch dy dn t ngm chui ra khi mt tng hoc sn (th d ni vo n ,cng tc .v.v...) phi lun dy trong ng cch in hoc dng phu.Tt c cc ch ni hoc nhnh dy dn dt u phi hn hoc dng cc kp dy trong hp phn nhnh.Hp phn nhnh phi bng cht cch in hoc bng kim loi trong m - lt cch in.Khi dy t ngm th cho php phn nhnh dy cc hp u dy v cng tc, cm hoc n, trong cc gian kh ro hoc m, cc hp phn nhnh, c th lm bng cc c trong tng hoc sn, c thnh phng cha sn khi xy dng nhng phi c np y.Khi ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn dt t ngm phi cha mt on dy d tr di t nht l 50mm.Khng cho php treo trc tip cc n ln dy dn dt.Cc hp kim loi nhng ni lun dy dn dt vo u phi c ng lt cch in hoc qun tng cng cch in bng 3 n 4 lp bng nha dnh hoc cao su.Khi ni u dy vo cm, cng tc v.v..th ch c rch mt on ti thiu cn thit ca gii bng cch ly gia cc rut.Vic c nh cc dy dn dt h c tin hnh nh sau:a) Vi dy c gii bng cch ly th dng bin php dn, ng inh dng kp nh, kp cao su.b) Vi dy khng c gii bng cch ly th dn hay dng kp.c) Dng cc kim loi kp dy v gn vo mt . inh dng ng trc tip gii bng cch ly ca dy dn dt nn dng loi c ng knh 1,4 - 1,8 mm di t 20 - 25mm, vi ng knh m inh 3mm, inh phi ng cch nhau 200 - 300 mm v ng ng gia bng cch ly.Ba dng ng inh phi l loi nh v dng ming trnh ba p vo dy.Trong cc gian nh m th di m inh nn c vng m bng cao su hay nha. Khi dng kp th khong cch gia hai kp khng c qu 400 mm.Khi dng dy dt t ngm th trc khi trt va nn dng va thch cao mn gn tm dy vo. Ngoi ra c th dng kp hoc ai bng cht cch in (cao su, nha v.v...) c nh dy dt.Cm dng inh c nh dy dt t ngm.Khi vn chuyn v bo qun dy dn dt phi trnh h hng v c hc v trnh nh nng chiu vo.7.5.3. t ngm dy dn trong cc ng khng phi l kim loi.Tuyn t ng trong trng hp ny khng c trng hoc giao cho st vi cc ng dn khi v cc b mt kt cu b nung nng.Tuyn t ng trn tng nn b tr song song vi kin trc no (khung ca, g, mi ua .v.vvv)Cc on tuyn i vng qua cc chng ngi vt on t ngang khng c t nc.ng lun trong tng, sn v.v.. thuc loi kt cu d chy th phi dng aming tm dy t nht 3 cm lt. Cng c th dng va dy t nht 5 cm v rng hn mi bn thnh ng t nh 5 cm.

Cm dng cc loi ng khng phi l kim loi hay ng giy kim loi di nn cc phn xng nng (c, hn, rn .v.v)Khi nhit mi trng ni t tuyn thng xuyn cao hn + 35oC th cm dng ng bng cao su bitum.Khi dng ng cao su bitum di nn nh th phi t ng di 1 lp va b tng dy t nht 50 mm. Nhng khng qu 400 mm.ch ng cao su bitum giao cho vi ng vn chuyn ni b phn xng th phi lun trong ng thp. Trng hp lp b tng pha trn ng dy hn 100 mm th khng cn dng ng thp.

nhng ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi mng, tng v nn nh thng thng phi dng nhng on ng thp mng bc bo v pha ngoi v u ng phi c chn kn, ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi mng v nn nh i ln tng khng chy phi c bo v bng thp hoc st gc n cao 1,5m.

Cng vic ni cc on ng cch in vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng loi vt liu vi ng v 2 u ng ni phi p kht nhau.Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp qun ai cho chc.Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp qun ai cho chc.C th dng ng thp mng ni cc ng cao su bitum vi nhau. Ch ni ng vi ng thp phi chn cht nh khi ni bng mng sng.Ch ni cc ng giy - kim loi vi nhau dng cc mng sng chuyn dng c ch to t nhng on ng mng v t trong hp ni.Vic r nhnh v ni dy in trong cc ng khng bng kim loi v ng giy - kim loi phi thc hin cc hp ni, hp r nhnh. Cu to ca hp ni trn phi ph hp vi phng php t dy v mi trng xung quanh.Cho php t cc loi ng cng v ng cao su bitum c dy dn lun sn trong ng vi iu kin m bo thay dy dn c.ng knh trong ca ng cch in phi m bo vic thay d dng dy in t trong ng ph hp vi s lng v ng knh ca dy dn ng thi khng c b hn 11mm. m bo ko dy dn cng nh ng c d dng, k c trng hp cn thay chng th khong cch gia hai hp ni khng c vt gi tr s ghi bng VII - 4 di y.Bng VII - 4.on tuyn gia cc hpKhong cch gia hai hp (m)

ng cao su cng vang dy kim loi v cao su bitum

Thng1012

C 1 gc7,58

C 2 gc55

C 3 gc53

C 4 gc53

i vi ng giy th khong cch gia hai hp khng c di qu 9m.Trng hp do c im kt cu ca cng trnh on tuyn c chiu di di 20 m khng th t cc hp no c (nh on gia cc tng thang my ca nh lp gip tm ln) th cho php bn knh un ng n 15 ln ng knh ngoi ca ng. S lng ch un khng c qu 2. Ngoi ra nn chn ng ln hn trng hp khong cch gia cc hp i qui nh bng VI - 4.Bn knh un ng cao su cng va v cao su bitum khng c nh hn 40 ln ng knh trong ca ng, i vi ng giy kim loi 6 ln.Khng cho php un cc ng giy - kim loi khng xp np. Ch thay i hng tuyn v cc gc phi t hp ni hay cc on ng bng cao su cng va hoc cc loi tng t.i vi loi ng cng va v ng cao su bitum ch un phi dng dy thp 1,5 mm qun ngoi vi bc ai l 8 - 10mm bo v khi ch un c th xy ra dp nt.ng cch in v ng giy- kim loi lun dy cch in qua tng, sn gc phi lin v khng c ni. Khi t ng trn b mt lt g c trt va, khng cho php dng mng sng ni cc ng cch in trn on tuyn gia hai hp.

i vi ng khng bng kim loi v ng giy kim loi khi a vo hp, t, bng, hp bo v lm bng vt liu khng cch in, cng nh khi a vo cc hp th cc u ng phi c ng lt hoc phu cch in.Khi cc ng cch in khng a vo hp hoc v ca kh c in, ng h th u ng phi c ng lt hay phu cch in.7.5.4. t dy ngm trong ng thu tinh.ng thu tinh phi ng tiu chun d dng lun dy dn khi t ngm.

Dy dn t ngm lun trong ng thu tinh c php p dng cho cc li in chiu sng v ng lc vi in p di 500 V v cc li in thoi truyn thanh t trong tng hoc sn khng chy, cc nh cp phng ho loi III, cc nh cng cng cp phng ho loi II k c tng hm v cc loi nh khc. Cng cho php t tng trn ca cc nh ni trn khi trn lm bng vt liu khng chy.Cho php t dy theo iu VI - 104 trong cc nh sinh hot, nh vn ho c cp phng ho loi II v cc x nghip cng nghip vi iu kin khng b nh hng n rung chn ng ca cc thit b sn xut.Khng cho php t dy dn nh iu VI - 104 nhng ni: Gian nh d n thuc mi cp, gian c bit m t, ch khn gi ngi (k c sn khu) ca rp ht, nh, trin lm, cu lc b, cung vn ho .v.v v cc nh vng c ng t cp 7 tr ln, vng c ln cp II, III v cc mch in ngoi tri.Khng cho php t chung dy dn ca mch , dng in mnh vo mch c dng in yu (thng tin) trong cng mt ng.ng t trong sn nh nn i theo ng ngn nht cn trong tng th phi t thng ng hoc nm ngang.ng phi t trn tm lt v tm lt phi nm trong ton b chiu di ca ng. Chiu dy lp bo v (b tng, xi mng, nha ng) bn trong ng dy t nht l 10 mm. Khi t ng trn cc tm c lt khng chy tng trn th phi dy t nht 20mm.

Cc ng thu tinh t trong tng gch v vch ngn b tng x, thch cao, phi t trong cc mng rnh c vy va t, ngay sau phi va thch cao hay xi mng xut ton b chiu di cho ngang vi mt ngoi ca tng hoc vch. Mng phi c su ln hn ng knh ngoi ca ng t l 10mm, cn cc tng hm, tng trn l 20 mm.Cc ng t song song phi cch nhau t nht l 50 mm.Khng cho php t trc tip ng thu tinh trong t, di nn nh ca tng th nht, nu nh c tng hm th di nn tng hm.Khi t ng cho cc ng trc cung cp in t thit b u vo n cc tr ca bung thang my d l nh c tng hm hay khng u nn t trn sn ca tng th nht hoc t trc tip trong cc tng chu lc khng chy.Khi cn thay i hng tuyn ca ng thu tinh lm cc on ng vng qua s, ct phi dng cc on ng cong bng thu tinh ch to sn. Khi khng c loi trn th cho php dng ng g lm bng vt liu cng va hoc vt liu tng t. ni ng thu tinh vi nhau hay cc ng bng vt liu cch in khc phi dng mng sng bng cao su cng, va , bng cht do hoc mng sng bng kim loi. Khi ni vi ng kim loi th nht thit dng mng sng bc kim loi.Ch ng thu tinh chui vo cc hp u vo, hp phn nhnh cng nh ng h u in. Bng in, n, cng tc v cm t h th u ng phi lt mt on ng bng cao su. Ch ng chui ra khi hc t bng in th u ng cng phi c ng lt.Cc mc treo n chiu sng phi c c nh c lp vo vch, khng c lin quan n u ng thu tinh v cc u dy ra.Khi cc ng thy tinh giao cho vi cc khe gin n th phi dng on ng chuyn tip bng cao su hoc bng cc ng mm tng t.7.5.4 - t h v ngm dy dn trong ng thp.+ Dng ng thp c thnh dy bnh thng.Dng ng thp (ng nc, ng hi) ko dy dn in ch c dng trong phm vi v thit k quy nh.Phi ty sch cc ba via trong ng v ng khng c mp mo bp. Nu ng cha c lp bo v chng r (lp m) th phi nh sch ri sn mt trong ngoi, ng t trong b tng ch cn sn mt trong.ng t trong nh c hin tng n mn th phi sn theo ch dn ca thit k.

Khi tuyn ng cn r gc phi un ng th bn knh un ng khng c b hn 10 ln ng knh ngs:a) Khi t ng trong cc khi b tng (trng hp ngoi l th cho php bnknh ung bng 6 ln ng knh.b) Khi trong ng t cc v nhm, v ch hay nha, vi moi hnh thc di h hay ngm, khng c b hn 6 ln ng knh.c) Trong cc trng hp t ngm cn li vi iu kin l t ngm ng khng gy nn cc kh khn c bit.d) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh t 3 pt tr ln. Tr cc trng hp nu mc (b) khng c b hn 4 ln ng knh.) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh n 2 pt. tr trng hp nu (b).Cc ct khng c bp mo hayc ba via.Khong cch c nh ng khi t h khng c vt qu 2,5 m- i vi ng ng c ng knh di 1/2 pt; 3m i vi ng ng knh di 1 pt ri v 4m - i vi ng ng knh 2 pt tr ln.C nh ng thp t h, c th dng mc, vng ai v.v... cc ng dn nc... kh (khng m km) c th hn vo kt cu ca nh nh ct n v.v... nhng khng clm chy ng, phi hn ng trc khi t dy.Khong cch gia hai hp no khng c ln hn cc tr s sau:ng t trong mng ca thit b cng ngh phi c nh vo kt cu hay ct thp trc khi b tng.

Ch ng ra khi mng chui vo t phi thc hin theo thit k trnh gy ng khi t hay mng b ln.ch giao cho vi khe gin n phi t ng trong cc hp c bit c b phn gin n, hoc ni vi b phn ln gin n mm vo ng.

Vic ni ng vi nhau trong gian kh ro c bi (tr cc gian d n, d chy hay cc gian du, nc hoc nh tung c th lt vo ng) cho php dng ng bc, mng sng khng cn chn kn ch ni dy nhng ni dn nc hoc nh tng c th chui vo ng v cc thit tr in ngoi tri u phi dng loi mng sng c ren rnh vi m kn ch ni, cc gian c bi, ch ni ng phi chn chng bi.Trong mi trng hp t ng ngm v t trong b tng, bt buc phi ni ng bng mng sng c ren v chn kn ch ni.Cht lng phn ren rng u ng thp phi m bo vic vn mng sng mt cch bnh thng. Mng sng phi vn cht mt trong hai u ng vi nhau. Chiu di on ren phi bng chiu di mng sng cng vi chiu dy ai c hm.Cc u ng phi ty sch ba via v g sc.Trc khi kp dy trong ng th u ng phi c ng lt trnh h hng dy.Khi lp ng vo hp, t, kh c in, v thit tr in phi dng mt trong cc bin php sau m bo cho ng tip xc tt v in vi chng.a) Xit cht cc ai ng v c mt nhm vo mi pha thnh t hoc kh c in cho php thay ai c c mt nhm bng ai c hm nhng phi hn vo t, hp v ng 1,2 im hoc trc phi nh sch g ch tip xc gia ai c v t.b) Dng mng sng c ren vn cht ng vi on ng th ra ca t, ngoi ra cn c th dng ng hoc ng ni nu iu VI - 127. Cc ng ni mng sng trn phi hn vo ng v on ng th ra t t 2 im mi pha.d)nhng ch khng cn chn kn, cho php a ng vo hp hoc kh c m khng cn dng ai c c nh, nhng phi dng cu ni kim loi c dn in ni ng vi hp hoc kh c.

) Cc hp, hay hm kim loi v.v.. phi c sn chng r.cc ni m t, nng, bi hay c ho cht n mn .v.v.. nu khng a c u ng vo trong hp kh c v.v... phi dng nha cch in chn kn gia ng v dy.

Dy dn t trong ng thng ng phi c c nh chc chn. Khong cch gia cc im c nh dy khng c ln hn:- 30 mm i vi dy dn n 50 mm2.- 20 m i vi dy dn n 185 mm2- 15 m i vi dy dn n 240 m2. c nh dy vi ng, phi c thc hin nh sau:a) Dng kp dy hau kp u dy kp cht vo u ng.b) Dng kp dy hay kp u dy trong cc hp trung gian, kp dyv kp u dy phi bng vt liu cch in, hoc ch bt c nh phi lt thm cch in.Tt c moi dy trong cng mt mch xoay chiu, k c dy trung tnh phi t trung trong mt ng.Trong mch xoay chiu, cho php t cc dy dn ca cng mt pha chung trong mt ng thp nu chng c bo v dng in danh nh khng vt qu 25A.S dng ng thp mng thnh:Loi ng thp ny ch dng c nhng ni do thit k quy nh.a) t h, khng cn chn kn ch ni ng v ng a ng vo hp i vi nhng gian kh ro, bnh thng.b) t h v t ngm c chn kn ch ng ni v ch a ng vo hp t trong tng, sn, trong lp va chn hay lp lt ca sn, trong mng v trong cc kt cu xy dng khc ca cng trnh i vi cc gian bnh thng, m, nng, bi d chy, ring i vi nhng gian bnh thng cho php t trong t.Khng cho php dng loi ng ny :a) Cc gian m hoc c bit m.b) Cc gian d n, gian cho cht n mn.c) Thit tr in ngoi tri.d) Chn di t ngoi tri.Ghi ch:cc thit tr d n , cho php dng cc ng thp hn mng

thnh, c chiu dy nh hn so vi ng bnh thng l 0,5 mm vi iu kin l phi dng mng sng c ren rng ni ng.Khng cho php dng hn in c nh ng thp thng mng vo kt cu kim loi.Khi ch ni khng cn chn kn th phi dng mng sng tiu chun c ren.Khi ni t cc ng mng thnh hay dng chng lm dy ni t phi thc hin ng theo yu c k thut ch dn chng V (h thng ni t).7.5.5. Dy dn t h v c bao che (thanh ci) vi in p di 1000VnNhng ch ni dy dn khng cn tho m th thng thng dng bin php hn. nhng ch ni dy bng kim loi khc nhau phi c bin php chng h hng do n mn phn dn in.Trong nh, khong cch t phn dn in ca cc b dn in trn dn cc ng ng khng c nh hn 1000 mm, n thit b cng ngh 1500mm.Khng quy nh khong cch t b dn in loi c bo v, loi c bao che, loi chng bi, loi chng nc bn vo n cc ng ng v thit b cng ngh.Khong cch gia cc vt dn in ca cc pha khc nhau hay khc nhau trong b dn in cc tnh, v t cc vt dn n tng nh v n cc kt cu c ni t, khng c nh hn cc tr s bng VI - 5.Cc b dn in t trong cc nh sn xut, m nhng ngi khng c nhim v c th n gn, phi t cao cch mt sn t nht 3m5 - khi t trn (cc thit b t trong nh 2,9m khi c lp bo v v khng quy nh khi c bao che cch in an ton. Cc kt cu xy dng trn t b dn in phi l loi khng chy.Khi b dn in trn xuyn qua sn, tng v vch ngn th phi i trong l hay cc tm cch in.Cc kh c t trn b dn in cung cp hay phn phi t ngay cnh cc im r nhnh, cc ch c th n gn kim tra v sa cha. Chng phi c b tr hay che chn ngi lm vic v khng chm phi cc b phn mang in.Bng VI - 5.STTTn cc b dn inCc khong cch nh nht mm

1.Cc b dn in trn50

2Cc b dn in gm nhiu dy dn vi khong cch gia hai im c nh dy:n 2mTrn 2m n 4mTrn 4m n 6mTrn 6m50100150200

3Cc b dn in loi c bo v bao che, chng bu:- Tnh theo b mt cch in- Tnh theo khng kh2012

4Cc b dn in loi chng nc bn vo:- Tnh theo b mt cch in- Tnh theo khng kh7050

Cho php t kh c in di thp, nu t trn cao kh khn cho ngi thao tc vn hnh. iu khin cc kh c ng ct t cao qu tm ngi, th cn phi c cc trang b thch hp tin hnh thao tc, cc khi c cngk phi c cc k hiu ch r v tr ng ct m ngi ng sau c th nhn ra.Trn sut tuyn ca b dn in t cch nhau 10 - 20 m v cc ch c ngi thng qua li phi t bin bo cnh gii, ch ghi phi theo quy phm k thut an ton trong quy trnh in.B dn in loi bao che phi c t hoc treo cng cao. Tr v gi b dn in phi chc chn. Khong cch gia cc im c nh ca b rnh phi theo ng ch dn ca thit k.Khi u ni, r nhnh v lm u dy cho cc dy dn hoc cc rut nhm hay ng th c th dng mt trong cc cch sau: p, hn, thic, kp chuyn dng.Ti ch ni hay r nhnh dy dn phi qun bng cch in cao su hoc nha (Policlovynil) nhng gian m cn phi qut sn hay vadlin cng nghip trc khi qun bng.u ct, ng ni phi chn ph hp vi mt ct ca dy.ng knh l ca tai u ct phi ph hp vi ng knh ca ng ni hay on ng ca u ct. Vt p phi gia on ng v nm v pha chnh din ca u ct. Phi kim tra su vt p so vi yu cu ca nh ch to,s lng vt p phi kim tra t l %.mi trng m t, sau khi p xong u ct, phi dng bng cch in cun chm ln c vt p.

Khi cc phu cp t cc cao khc nhau, c kh nng chy du u cp, phi bt kn li bng cch dng bng dnh cch in cun ln rut cp v on hnh tr ca u ct ch lng rut cp vo u ct.Phi dng thic hn hay nha hoc Epoxi bt kn mi ghp gia cc thnh b p dt ca tai, u ct hnh ng c c nh vi rut cp bng cch p.Khi u ni hoc r nhnh dy nhm 1 si hoc nhiu si mt ct 20 mm2th phi dng phng php hn nhm hoc p.Mi hn lm u ct cho rut nhm nhiu si ca dy dn v cp bng cch hn phi thc hin sao cho tt c cc si dy bn ngoi ca rut c bc kn trong kim loi chy lng vo rut, nhng khng c lm cho rut dy co li v trn b mt rut dy khng c vt nt, chy v chy. trnh cho dy cch in ca rut cp qu nng, bt buc phi t vt lm mt nn rut cp hn vo u ct.Khi hn phi dng cht tr dung (thuc hn) sau khi hn, ch ni v ch lm u ct phi c ty sch ht thuc hn v x hn, ra bng xng (khng dng nc) cho sch, bi nha chng m v qun bng cch in. Khi lm u ct cho rut cp th dng bng cch in phi qun ph kn phn ng ca u ct v qun chm ln c cch in ca rut cp. Tr phn tip xc ra, u ct ca cp phi bi nha .Nu ng h, kh c in c sn tip im hoc ni trc tip vi nhm th cho php ni trc tip dy dn hoc cp rut nhm vi chng.cc thit b in ngoi tri d n v cc gian d n, d chy thuc mi cp, vic ni v lm u ct cho dy dn v cp rut nhm phi thc hin bng cch hn hoc p (tr nhng ni cm dng cp rut nhm).

Phm vi p dng cc phng php ni, r nhnh, lm u ct vi cp v dy dn rut nhm s theo bng VI - 6.Bng VI - 6Phm vi p dng cc phng php khc nhau lm du ct ni dy, r nhnh cc loi dy dn v cp rut nhmPhng phpc im ca phng phpThao tcCu to rut dyMt ct mm2in p cc i cho php KV

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Hn in xoay chiu bng cch t nng kiu tip xc (hn khng c h quang)Hn in cc rut dy- Bng kim in t 2 rut dy vo 2 in cc- Vn xon u dy trc khi hn v cng hn bng kim hn hai u in cc c dng thuc hn.- Dy c vn xon trc v p cht trong khun gi ri hn bng in cc thn c thuc hn.- Dy c vn xon trc v c hn bng my hn BK2- 1 (khng c thuc hn)Ni v r nhnhNi v r nhnhHn u dyDy dn v cp 1 siDy dn v cp 1 siDy 1 si v nhiu si2,5 - 12,5 - 1016 - 4001135

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- Hn bng in cc than kiu gip mi, ni theo dng mng h (u tin phi lm cho dy nhiu si chy thnh1 khi lin)- Hn in khi rut dy t thng ng.- Cng hn u dy nng chy thnh mt khi lin (hnh tr ghp).Ni v r nhnhntntdy dn nhiu sint16 - 150nt1

Hn kiu gia nhit- Hn rut dy trong khun gia nhit c ng lt bng nhm.NiDy dn v dy cp nhiu si16 - 24010

Hn hi- Hn (kiu gip mi) khi rut dy dn t thng ng bng m hn n hay kp.Hn u dyDy dn dy cp 1 si hoc nhiu si16 - 40035

- Hn rut dy thnh mi ni theo dng mng h (lm cho rut dy chy thnh mt khi lin).- Hn rut dy t thng ng bng cch lm rut nng chy thnh thanh lin khi (hnh tr ghp)Ni v r nhnhntDy dn dy cp 1 si, nhiu siDy dn v dy cp nhiu si16 -40016 - 150351

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Cc phng php c hc- p rut dy trong ng ni nhm bng cch p khc c dng bt nho.- p rut dy bng dng c chuyn dng khng c ng ni v khng s dng bt nho.- p rut dy trong ng ni bng nhm, bng cch p khc.- Dng loi kp m bo duy tr p lc khng i trn rut dy v c km ph kin khng lm bp v rut dy.- Kp r nhnh (r nhnh t trc chnh).- Kp kiu c vt hmni v r nhnhNintr nhnhniCc dy dn mt siCch dy dn 1 siDy dn 1 siDy dn nhm v ng mt si2,5 - 102,5 - 102,5 - 10111

Hn thic- Dng thic hn ghp u dy so le v to thnh mng.- Dng thic hn nhm v trc khi hn m thic cc u dy, dng m hn lm nngchy thic.- Nh trn nhngun chy thic rirt voNi v r nhnhLm u dy hp ni phn nhnhniDy dn v cp 1 siDy dn dy cp 1 si v nhiu siCp in nhiu si2,5 - 1016 - 15025 - 240353535

Khng bt buc phi lm u ct cc dy dn v cc nhm 1 si mt ct n 10 mm2.i vi cc nh my in c t my pht 50 MVA tr ln, cc trm bin p khu vc vo li cp thnh ph cn hn ch dng phng php hn in ni cp c mt ct 16 -120mm2in p 1KV v phng php F ni rut cp 1KV c mt ct 16 - 95 mm2.i vi dy ng mt ct n 10 mm2, nn ni bng cch p c dng ng ni hoc l ng mng.Trng hp ngoi l cho php dng l ng thau. Chiu dy ca l, s lp, khong cch v su vt p phi theo ti liu hng dn c th.mi ni khng c c k h gia l ng v rut dy.

Khi ni dy ng nhiu si c mt ct n 10 mm2vo cc kh c in th phi p vo u ct hoc un u dy theo chiu vng xuyn.Vi dy hoc cp rut ng mt ct ln hn 10 mm2phi dng cch p khc hoc p lin (lin tc) ni v lm u ct. Trong trng hp cn thit c th dng phng php hn thic.7.6 - t dy trong cc gian d chy d nKhi t dy dn cc thit tr d n, phi lun dy trong ng thp v tun theo cc yu cu ring: Ch ni ng phi c t nht 5 ng ren nguyn vn, ch ni chn bng si gai tm du sn pha bt ch, cm khng c hn.Cc hp phn nhnh cc gian cp B - I. B - II phi l kiu chng n, cn cp khc c th dng kiu chng bi hoc chng n.Trn ng ng lun dy, phi c ch x nc ng, khi lung dy dn t trong ng v v ng c, kh c, ng h, v cc b phn ni dy v a dy dn ra ngoi gian d n, hoc a dy dn t gian d n ny sang gian d n khc u phi lun trong ng. Khi cc ng phi c chn kn tng on. Cm li dng cc b phn ng ni cu c chn kn u ni hoc r nhnh dy dn.Cao su v nhng vt liu khc dng chn kn, hoc cch in khng c tip xc vi nhng cht lng c th lm hng chng.Ch ni ng phi c th chu p lc: 2,0 atm. i vi gian cp B - I, 0,5 atm. i vi cc gian cp B - Ia, B - II, B- IIa. Sau 3 pht p lc th khng c gim qu 50%.Ch ng ng xuyn qua tng phi chn cht bng vt liu khng d chyKhi t cc b dy dn trn bng ng hoc nhm trong cc gian d n, cp B- Ia, B - Ib v cc gian d chy thuc mi cp, phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:- Ch ni thanh dn khng cn tho ri phi hn.- Nhng ch ni thanh ci vo kh c in bng bulng phi ni chc chn v phi c bin php thch hp chng ai c t tho.- Thanh dn phi c hp bo v, c l khoan thng gi ng knh khng qu 6mm.- Trong cc gian d n, hp bo v phi c lm bng kim loi v ch c tho m bng kho.- Trong cc gian d chy cp II - I, II - II th cc hp bo v phi thuc loi chng bi.Hp ni v phn nhnh t gian nh d chy phi l loi chng bi lm bng thp hoc vt liu bn chc, kch thc thch hp c ni dy c chc chn v d thy, nu hp lm bng thp th trong phi c lp lt cch in, nu hp lm bng nha (cht do) th phi l loi nha khng chy.Trong cc gian cp II - II v II - IIa, cho php dng cc loi hp ni, hp r nhnh, v loi hp kiu kn.Khi lp t h thng ni t phi thc hin theo quy nh ca chng ni t (V).Khi t dy ngm cc gian d chy vic ni dy vo gian khng c hp u dy, phi ni qua hp chuyn tip t trn nh.7.7 - Sn v nh du.Tt c cc b phn kim loi u phi c bo v chng r thch hp vi iu kin mi trng.Trong nh mi trng bnh thng th sn d, sn nha ng.a) Trong nh c mi trng ho cht n mn th phi dng sn thchhp.b) Ngoi tri dng sn nha ng hoc loi tng ng.Cc b dn in t h loi c bo v tr cc b dn in lm bng dy dn th u phi sn. Mi pha phi sn mu ging nhau tt c mi ch trong pha A - vng, pha B - xanh l cy, pha C - .Cc b phn mang in ca b dn in loi bc kn u phi sn mu - ch dy i ra khi hp bc phi sn mu pha khc nhau mt on di 0,3m.Cc mt hp t ngoi tri th sm mu xm khi dng in n 1500A.cc s phc tp, cc ng v dy dn in u phi nh s theo nht k cp, ng thi nh du dy cc hp phn nhnh, ch u vo kh c hay thit b dng in. Cn cc ng th nh du u ng.

Cc dy dn in v cp in t trong cc hp v mng ( k c b hay t ring tng si ) cng u nh du.Tham kho t http://xaynhatrongoi24h.com.vn/ng25th FebruarybiHKmeNhn:TI LIU THAM KHO0Add a comment

3. FEB25

NHNG LU KHI S DNG CNG TC, CM V PHCH IN cm, cng tc v phch in l nhng thit b in m chng ta phi tip xc vi chng hng ngy. Do , mc nguy him s rt cao nu chng ta khng tm hiu tnh nng, c im, cch thc s dng ca chng hoc s dng mt cch cu th v ch quan.Sau y l mt s lu khi s dng cc thit b ny:

- Hytt thit bs dng in trc khi cm v rt phch in ca thit b ra.

Trng hp nhng thit b c iu khin cng sut nh bn i in, bp in,... nn chn mc cng sut nh nht (thng l 0) trc khi rt phch in.

Nhng ng tc trn nhm m bo cc cm khng b pht sinh tia la in khi cm v rt phch in khi cm nhm m bo an ton cho ngi s dng.

-Khng s dng tay t cm phch in. Cng tc, cm in phi t v tr thao tc d dng v nn b tr cm ngoi tm vi ca tr em.

i vi cm chuyn dng hay v mc ch s dng cn phi thp hay trn nn nh th phi c np y an ton trong trng hp khng s dng.

- Nu c iu kin, nn thit k mng in nh cdy ni t v ni v thit bvi t m bo an ton.

- Nns dng cc phch in ph hpvi cm in. Khng nn s dng cc phch in c chu qu nh so vi cm, v nh vy phch in s cm khng cht v pht sinh tia la in lm hng cch in v gy nguy him, hoc phch in c chu qu ln so vi l tip im ca cm s lm vt nhng l tip im , hiu qu s dng s khng cao v rt nguy him.

-Thng xuyn kim traphch in, cm v dy in trong nh. Cn khc phc, sa cha ngay nhng ch ni b h. Nu cm thy phch in nng mt cch bt thng, phi rt phch ra khi cm ngay lp tc. Sau , kim tra dy in, cm in v thit b s dng in lin quan.

-Khng lp cng tc, cm in gn ngun nc. Nu cn thit phi lp th nn dng nhng cm chuyn dng c chng thm cao.

- Tuyt ikhng nn dng nc di vo cm inhay phch in ang chy dp tt la, v nc l cht lng dn in rt tt.

dp tt la trc ht chng ta cn bnh tnh cp cu dao in ngun ri sau mi dng nc hoc cc thit b cha chy khc dp tt la.

-Khng nn nm dy ca phch in rt rakhi cm, hnh ng ny s lm t dy in v hng phch in.

- Tr cm cho my co ru c thit k c bit, ngoi ra chng ta khng nn lp cm khc trong nh tm.

Cng tc n ca nh tm nn t ngay ca hoc bn ngoi nh tm nhm to thun tin trong sinh hot v m bo an ton v in.

- Nn s dng nhng cm, cng tc v phch in c cht lng tt ca nhng nh sn xut c uy tn nhAC, Comet, Clipsal, Panasonic, Sino, Lioa...V y, cc sn phm c sn xut v kim tra theo tiu chun quc t K thut un ng n gin

ng25th FebruarybiHKmeNhn:TI LIU THAM KHO0Add a comment

4. FEB25

K THUT THI CNG H THNG IN

1. ng in m tng.nh v tr, chiu di, cao, b rng ng ct trn tng. Sau dng my ct cm tay ct tng theo v tr nh trc. Lp t ng in, ng li tng nhng ng ct nhm phng b nt tng v sau theo ng ng in lp trong tng. Nghim thu t yu cu, xy dng tin hnh t tng.

2. ng in m sn b tng. Dng nc sn lm du cc v tr hp box trung gian trn sn ct pha khi n v xy dng thi cng xong ct pha sn. t cc hp box theo v tr nh, dng ng in kt ni cc hp box li, to thnh ng dn ng dy in ngun cho cc thit b. Cng vic c thc hin khi sn lp c 1 lp thp. Nghim thu ng ng, box, t yu cu tin hnh b tng sn. Khi b tng sn phi c ngi trc x l khi c s c nh: dp ng, b ng, mt lin kt,

3.. Lp t h thng mng cp. nh v cao , v tr lp cc gi mng cp. Gia cng cc gi , lp t vo cc v tr nh v, khong cch cc gi mng t 1,3m n 1,5m. Ti cc v tr mng cp xung t th dng co xung v co ln, khng ct mng bng th cng ghp ti v tr r ng 3 ng 4 ca h thng mng, m dng ph kin (t, co, ch thp,) ch to ti xng nhm trnh try xt cp in trong mng cp. Cc mng cp c kt ni t bng cp ng bc PVC hoc thanh ng to thnh h thng tip t an ton cho tuyn cp. Lp mng v chnh sa.

4. Thng ng in v ko dy. Xy dng tho ct pha sn, dng dy nilng lun vo ng in. Sau khi trn c t th tin hnh ko dy ngun v iu khin cho cc thit b. Dy ko c lm du tng tuyn, theo mu v pha.

5. Kim tra dy v lp thit b.

Test dy xem c thng mch, c b chm chp trong qu trnh ko dy khng, cch in gia cc dy dn, r r dng in. Dy c kim tra an ton th tin hnh lp t thit b. Sau khi lp t thit b in hon tt th kim tra vn hnh th, dng amper kp xc nh dng tng pha sau cn chnh dng pha nhm m bo s cn bng pha trong h thng. T in c gn nhn, s chc nng tng thit b trong t.

6. T in.

V s v v tr lp t cc MCB trong t v kch thc t in. Gia cng v t in theo bng v duyt ca ch u t. Lp t cc thit b vo t hon chnh. Kim tra cch in, dng r ra v t, m bo an ton in v thit b ng ct. Lp t t vo v tr ca nh v kt ni cc u cp vo - ra t. Kim tra th t pha v an ton in.

7. Kim tra, nghim thu ton b h thng. Dng ng h o in tr cch in, kim tra thng mch tt c cc dy dn, m bo tnh an ton v m thut ca h thng. Vn hnh h thng: + ng in ton h thng theo tng cp v ch khng ti. + Cho h thng hot ng ch c ti (ng in cho ti cng theo tng cp). Chnh sa li k thut (nu c). V sinh ton b h thng. Nghim thu h thng, bn giao.

8. Nhng lu khi s dng cng tc, cm v phch in cm, cng tc v phch in l nhng thit b in m chng ta phi tip xc vi chng hng ngy. Do , mc nguy him s rt cao nu chng ta khng tm hiu tnh nng, c im, cch thc s dng ca chng hoc s dng mt cch cu th v ch quan.

Sau y l mt s lu khi s dng cc thit b ny:

- Hy tt thit b s dng in trc khi cm v rt phch in ca thit b ra. Trng hp nhng thit b c iu khin cng sut nh bn i in, bp in,... nn chn mc cng sut nh nht (thng l 0) trc khi rt phch in. Nhng ng tc trn nhm m bo cc cm khng b pht sinh tia la in khi cm v rt phch in khi cm nhm m bo an ton cho ngi s dng. - Khng s dng tay t cm phch in. Cng tc, cm in phi t v tr thao tc d dng v nn b tr cm ngoi tm vi ca tr em. i vi cm chuyn dng hay v mc ch s dng cn phi thp hay trn nn nh th phi c np y an ton trong trng hp khng s dng.

- Nu c iu kin, nn thit k mng in nh c dy ni t v ni v thit b vi t m bo an ton.

- Nn s dng cc phch in ph hp vi cm in. Khng nn s dng cc phch in c chu qu nh so vi cm, v nh vy phch in s cm khng cht v pht sinh tia la in lm hng cch in v gy nguy him, hoc phch in c chu qu ln so vi l tip im ca cm s lm vt nhng l tip im , hiu qu s dng s khng cao v rt nguy him.

- Thng xuyn kim tra phch in, cm v dy in trong nh. Cn khc phc, sa cha ngay nhng ch ni b h. Nu cm thy phch in nng mt cch bt thng, phi rt phch ra khi cm ngay lp tc. Sau , kim tra dy in, cm in v thit b s dng in lin quan.

- Khng lp cng tc, cm in gn ngun nc. Nu cn thit phi lp th nn dng nhng cm chuyn dng c chng thm cao.

- Tuyt i khng nn dng nc di vo cm in hay phch in ang chy dp tt la, v nc l cht lng dn in rt tt. dp tt la trc ht chng ta cn bnh tnh cp cu dao in ngun ri sau mi dng nc hoc cc thit b cha chy khc dp tt la.

- Khng nn nm dy ca phch in rt ra khi cm, hnh ng ny s lm t dy in v hng phch in.

- Tr cm cho my co ru c thit k c bit, ngoi ra chng ta khng nn lp cm khc trong nh tm. Cng tc n ca nh tm nn t ngay ca hoc bn ngoi nh tm nhm to thun tin trong sinh hot v m bo an ton v in.

- Nn s dng nhng cm, cng tc v phch in c cht lng tt ca nhng nh sn xut c uy tn nh AC, Comet, Clipsal, Panasonic, Sino, Lioa... V y, cc sn phm c sn xut v kim tra theo tiu chun quc t K thut un ng n ginTrong qu trnh lp t my HKK, vi kch thc ng hi ln nu ta khng c l lo chuyn dng un th c th gy bp ng hoc ng b gp. y xin chia x kinh nghim un ng trong trng hp lp my 1HP-1,5HP, 2HP.Nh vy cp ng ng s l 6-10 v 6-12 Khi gp khc cua trn ng chy ng th ta phi un ng. Sau y l tng trng cho qu trnh un ng.Lu : Cn phi p st 2 ng vo nhau. Trng hp ng bc gen th ta phi kim tra ng no l ng 6, ng no l ng 10/12Cc thit b ng ct CB - MCCBp ng nhng i hi v an ton ngy cng cao ca con ngi, cc nh sn xut thit b in cho ra i rt nhiu thit b bo v mng in dn dng nhm m bo s an ton ti a cho ngi s dng, tiu biu v thng dng nht l MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) v MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker), RCD (residual current device), cu ch...

la chn v s dng cc thit b trn, chng ta nn tham kho thng tin ca tng loi sn phm:

MCB v MCCB:C nhiu nguyn cu v vic phn bit gia MCB v MCCB. Tuy nhin v kha cnh dn dng, kinh t ngi ta phn bit hai loi ny da vo cc yu t sau:

- MCB: dng in khng vt qu 100A, in p di 1.000V

- MCCB: dng in c th ln ti 1.000A, in p di 1.000V

+ Cng dng: dng ng ngt mch in khi c s c qu ti, ngn mch, bo v an ton cho con ngi v cho thit b s dng in.

+ Cch la chn: c nhiu cch la chn MCB, MCCB. Tuy nhin, d cch no th chng cng phi tha mn iu kin sau: IB < In < IZ v ISCB > ISC(Trong : IB l dng in ti ln nht; In l dng in nh mc ca MCB, MCCB; Iz l dng in cho php ln nht ca dy dn in (c cho bi nh sn xut); ISCB l dng in ln nht m MCB, MCCB c th ct; Isc l dng in ngn mch).

V d: mt ti mt pha s dng ngun in 220V c dng in ln nht l 13A v dng in ngn mch tnh ton c l 5KA. Th ta chn MCB v dy dn nh sau: MCB Comet CM216A c dng nh mc l 16A, cng ct ln nht l 6KA v dy dn Cadivi 2 x 2,5mm2 c dng cho php ln nht l 18A. Chng ta nn chn MCB, MCCB ca cc nh sn xut c uy tn trn th trng hin nay nh Comet, Clipsal, Hager... v nhng sn phm ny c sn xut v kim tra di nhng iu kin, tiu chun kht khe theo tiu chun quc t. i vi trng hp km cht lng th nn thay ci mi, khng nn sa cha.RCD (residual current device) hoc ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) hoc RCCB (residual current circuit breaker) + Cng dng: Dng ngt mch in mt cch t ng khi c hin tng dng r xy ra gia dy qua v dy trung tnh hoc dy ni t. + Mt s lu khi kim tra v s dng RCD: * RCD khng bo v qu ti, khng bo v khi c s s ngn mch. RCD l thit b bo v, bn thn n khng phi l mt thit b ng ct. V vy, RCD phi dng kt hp vi thit b ng ct h p khc... Nhng c trng hp cc thit b ng ct h p ny bao gm c mt b RCD ngay trong cu to ca n v c gi chung l RCD hoc RCCB (residual current circuit breaker). * Nn kim tra RCD hng thng, cch kim tra RCD l nhn vo nt "Test" hoc l "T" trn thn RCD, ng tc ny l vic m phng c xut hin dng in r. Nu RCD tc ng tt, th mch in b ngt. Nu ngc li RCD khng tc ng th chng ta nn thay ci mi. Vic kim tra phi c lp i lp li nhiu ln m bo RCD hot ng mt cch tt nht.Nhiu khi mt s bc khng r khi no dng th dng VCB, khi no dng ACB, MCCB, MCB, trong bi ny em xin a ra mt vi iu nh sau:

- VCB_Vaccum Circuit Breaker My ct chn khng - ACB_Air Circuit Breaker My ct khng kh - MCCB_moulded-case circuit-breakers p t mt kiu khi

- MCB Minature Circuit Breaker p t mt loi nh Cc thng s k thut chnh - Tn s - Rated service voltage Ue in p lm vic nh mc - Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp in p chu xung nh mc - Rated insulation voltage Ui in p cch in nh mc - Rated uninterrupted current Iu Dng ct m - Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu, kh nng ct c dng ngn mch Icu - Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics=%Icu, (khong t 75% n 100%Icu), ct c dng ngn mch m - Rated short-time withstand current Icw: kh nng chu ng dng ngn mch ca tip im trong thi gian 1s hoc 3s ty vo nh sx V tr

1. VCB thng dng vi in p trung p tr ln khong t 6.6kV

2. ACB thng dng vi in p h p, dng cho cc feeder cp ngun hoc cc ti c dng ln, thng th ln hn 400A c th chn ACB, cn nh hn th chn MCCB, em c bit ACB c th ct c n dng 6300A (cha update thng tin)

3. MCCB dng vi mng h p, hin nay MCCB t n dng ct m 2400A

4. MCB loi ny dng cho ph ti nh, c th ct n dng 100A hoc hn * B sung thm v MCCB: MCCB c hai loi fix type v var type, vi mi loi ny cng c hai loi l: TM (thermal & magnetic contact) v MO (magnetic contact only). Loi TM dng cho ti non_motor load, v loi MO dng cho ti motor load.*Mt CB bt k (MCB, MCCB, ACB,...) th c cc thng s c bn sau y:

- Dng nh mc In: 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 20, 25, ... Vi cc dng nh mc ln ca cc CB ln nh MCCB hay ACB, dng ny s i km vi cc my bin p in lc c cng sut tng ng. V d: trm 200kVA - 315A, trm 250kVA - 400A, trm 315kVA - 500A, ... - Thng s s bn th hai l characteristic cuver hay cn gi l ng cong chn lc ca CB. y chnh l thng s quan trong nht cho vic chn CB nm v tr no cho h thng in. Bn nn xem k li cc ti liu ni v ng cong chn lc ny. - Thng s th ba l Icu hay cn gi l ultimated current l kh nng chu ng dng in ln nht ca tip im CB trong thi gian 1 giy. V d Icu = 10kA th tip im CB s chu ng c dng in 10kA trong thi gian 1 giy/ Thng s ny cho bit bn tip im ca CB. Ngoi thng s ny thng s Ics cng c tnh cht tng t. - Thng s th t l thng s ln ng ngt. V d bn ngt CB ri bt CB ln li th gi l 1 ln ng ngt. CB thng thng cng quy nh s ln ny. Cc MCB c quy nh l t 7500 n 10000 ln, MCCB th hn 10000 ln. ACB th khng 8000 ln ty theo hng. Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu thng s khc na p dng cho CB. Tuy nhin trong cc thit k ngi ta thng dng thng s In v Icu. Theo ti hai thng s ny khng quy nh v chng loi CB. Thng s th hai chnh l thng s quan trong nht ca CB. y chnh l ch s ID chnh thc ca cc CB. AT: ampe trip, AF: ampe frame MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breakers).mt MCCB, c hai loi mt loi TM (thermal & magnetic contact) dng cho ti non_motor load. Loi th hai l: MO (magnetic contact only) dng cho ti Motor load, loi ny kt hp vi contactor v thermal relay, hin nay t dng thermal relay c nh ngy xa m dng electric thermal relay. Mi MCCB c AF th c cc gi tr dng khc nhau chnh nh, t d nh c mt MCCB c AF ghi l: 100AF, n c cc gi tr dng nh sau: 30, 60, 100A. Cng loi 100AF ny li c cc gi tr AT vi cc gi tr trip ln lt nh sau: 500A, 600A, 1000A.vy trn mt MCCB c y cc thng s, cho pc khi ci t cho MCCB.


5. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - TIN THI CNGTIN THI CNG - B TR NHN LC1. Tin thi cng cng trnh - Biu nhn lc - B tr nhn lc.( C bng tin thi cng v biu nhn lc km theo)Nhn bit c tnh cht chuyn nghnh, yu cu k thut cao, nh thu la chn nhng cn b, k s gii, nhng cng nhn c tay ngh cao, c thc k lut, c trch nhim trong cng vic.

Trong qu trnh thi cng c s iu ng nhn lc theo tin chung ca d n

+ Cn c lp tng tin thi cng:

- Cn c vo nng lc thi cng, kh nng huy ng thit b my mc, kh nng v ti chnh ca nh thu.

- Cn c vo mt bng cng trnh, iu kin giao thng trong v xung quanh cng trnh

- Cn c vo khi lng trong h s yu cu, mc phc tp ca cng vic

- Cn c vo kh nng cung cp thit b vt t ca cc nh cung cp

- Cn c vo cc tiu chun nh mc hin hnh ca nh nc

- Cn c vo tin thi cng ca cc hng mc khc trong cng trnh, cc yu cu ca ch u t.

Nh thu s tin hnh lp tin chi tit (tun, thng) trn c s tin chung.

m bo thi cng cng trnh ng theo tin ra, nh thu lun ch ng quan tm n cc vn sau:

a. V lc lng thi cng, my mc thit b::Mc d b tr lc lng th c tay ngh chuyn mn cao, c sc kho tt v mt lc lng c ng p ng nhu cu cng vic theo giai on nhng chng ti vn c lc lng d phng v sn sng c th tng cng lc lng nu lc lng thi cng b tr ban u khng m bo hon thnh cng tc thi cng cng trnh ng k hoch.

Ngoi nhng my mc, thit b c b tr c nh ti cng trng. Nh thu lun lun c c s thit b d phng sn sng b sung thay th nhng thit b phng tin b hng hc khi cn.

b. V bin php qun l:Ngay t khi bt tay vo thi cng, nh thu phi xy dng tin k hoch thi cng v thng xuyn kim tra, gim st vic thc hin tin theo ngy, theo tun, thng. Nu c phn vic hoc hng mc no khng m bo ng tin th lp tc s b tr tng ca, tng kp, nhn lc, thit b kp thi b li khong thi gian b ko di.

2. T chc thi cng

S t chc hin trng

Phn cng cn b c trnh ca cng ty gip Ban ch huy cng trng hon thnh nhim v.

-Ban ch huy cng trng ch o phn cng cc t trin khai thi cng.

-K s trng ph trch chung v k thut

+ Trch nhim: Chu trch nhim v k thut, an ton

+ Nhim v: Qun l k thut, KCS, An ton lao ng khi thi cng trn cng trng

-Ch nhim cng trnh v cc k thut vin ph trch cc i

+ Trch nhim: Chu trch nhim v t chc thi cng ca cc i m bo k, m thut cng trnh

+ Nhim v: Trc tip ch o cng nhn thi cng, lp tin tun, ngy v ln k hoch iu ng nhn lc, vt t p ng kp tin thi cng cng trng

Trong qu trnh thi cng c s kt hp cht ch, phi hp gia cc t trong i m bo tin thi cng nhanh, t cht lng cng trnh cao nht, m bo yu cu k thut.

KT LUNTrong qu trnh thi cng Cng ty coi trng vic p dng cng ngh tin tin, khuyn khch v pht huy cng tc sng kin v ci tin k thut nhm nng cao cht lng, m bo an ton ng tin thi cng cng trnh.

Trn y l cc bin php thi cng ch yu, Nh thu m bo s thi cng cng trnh vi cht lng cao nht, m bo ng bin php thi cng nh nu trn v tun th mi quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc v Ch u t.


6. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - QUN L CHT LNG THI CNGBIN PHP QUN L, KIM TRA NNG CAO CHT LNG CNG TRNHVi nng lc hin c ca mnh, nh thu xc nh xy dng cng trnh ny vi cht lng cao nht. Yu t t c l tng hp ca nhiu yu t hp thnh bao gm con ngi, vt t, bin php k thut, p dng cc tiu chun tin tin. C th:

Kt hp A-B thc hin theo ng quy trnh qun l cht lng

- Phi hp vi ban qun l cng trnh t chc giao ban A-B v cc bn lin quan hng tun, hng ngy.

- Phi hp A-B gim st cht lng, kim tra cc bin bn, chng ch phn tch mu th nghim, nghim thu khi lng, gim st iu chnh tin theo tng thi im trong sut qu trnh thi cng cho ph hp tin chung.

- Cng bn A lp ni quy, quy ch hin trng thi cng.

- Ghi chp y cc h s cng trnh: Nht k cc bin bn nghim thu tng phn...trong sut qu trnh thi cng cho n khi hon thnh bn giao ton b cng trnh.

- Nh thu cp nhp ton b cc bin bn nghim thu chi tit ca tng phn cng vic

- Sau khi cng trnh c bn giao cho bn Ch u t qun l s dng nh thu s bo hnh cng trnh tun theo cc lut nh hin hnh ca Nh nc nhm m bo cho cng trnh vn hnh c lu bn, m bo yu cu k thut, m thut cht lng cng trnh

- Cc tiu chun p dng qun l thi cng v qun l cht lng cng trnh, cht lng kim tra c theo yu cu cc vn bn hin hnh.

- Nh thu lun chp hnh iu l qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng theo ng quy nh cc vn bn hin hnh ca nh nc.

Thit lp h thng qun l cht lng (KCS) t ban ch huy ti cc i, t sn xut.

- Ti ban ch huy cng trng, chng ti b tr 1 k s chuyn trch lm cng tc kim tra cht lng. Di cc i, t XD v cc n v tham gia thi cng u c cn b bn chuyn trch.

1. Cng tc bo hnh, bo tr h thng Vn bo hnh:- Thi gian bo hnh cng trnh: 24 thng k t ngy nghim thu bn giao hng mc cng trnh a vo s dng

- iu kin bo hnh: Bo hnh nhng li k thut do nh sn xut, do qu trnh lp t ca n v thi cng. Khng bo hnh nhng li do thin tai, ha hon, st nh, s dng sai k thut.

- Khi c cc vn h hng v h thng, Ch u t lin lc theo a chCng ty.

- Ti a sau 24h khi nhn c thng bo nh thu s c cn b xung xem xt ti hin trng cng vi bn A xc nh nguyn nhn v mc . Nu c s c cn sa cha cn b k thut s cng bn A lp bin bn xc nh khi lng lm c s lp d ton kinh ph sa cha.

- Nu l nguyn nhn do pha thi cng, nh thu s sa cha v iu kin bng kinh ph ca mnh.

- Nu nguyn nhn do khch quan hay do s dng gy hng hc, nh thu vn tin hnh sa cha ngay. Phn kinh ph ny do bn gy ra phi chu trch nhim thanh ton.

Khi sa cha khc phc, chng ti s lm vi tinh thn tt, nhanh, gn, sch. Ch khi Ch u t hay Ch qun l cng trnh nghim thu chp nhn th vic sa cha mi c xem nh hon thnh.


7. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - AN TON LAO NG

BIN PHP AN TON LAO NG, BO HIM V BO V MI TRNG XUNG QUANH

1. An ton lao ng :

m bo cho ngi, my mc v thit b... nh thu chp hnh nghim chnh cc ni quy, quy phm k thut an ton, bo h lao ng theo quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc.An ton lao ng c ch hng u trn cng trng v p dng cc bin php sau:- Thnh lp b my hot ng v cng tc an ton lao ng, c mng lui an ton vin c s v hot ng c hiu qu.- Ton b cng nhn lao ng lm vic trn cng trng c hc ni quy an ton lao ng v c trang b bo h lao ng y .- Chp hnh nghim chnh ch kim tra nh k v cng tc bo h v an ton lao ng.- Lp bin php an ton chi tit cho tng cng vic. Bin php c a ra ph bin, hun luyn cho ngi trc tip thi cng- Trong khi thi cng mi ngi phi c trang b bo h lao ng nh giy, qun o bo h, m nha cng v tht lng an ton.....- Trong thi gian lm vic ti hin trng nghim cm mi ngi khng c ung ri, bia, ht thuc hoc s dng bt c mt cht kch thch no lm cho thn kinh cng thng- Trn cng trng c t thuc cp cu c bng cc s in thoi cn thit nh: Cp cu, cng an, cu ho, ch huy cng trng...- C bin php tuyn truyn gio dc ni quy an ton lao ng cho cn b k thut v cng nhn, nhc nh mi ngi tham gia lao ng trn cng trng chp hnh nghim chnh cc bin php an ton lao ng.- Cm mi ngi khng c nhim v ra vo trong khu vc ang thi cng- Cc bin php an ton c th tu theo thc t a hnh khu vc thi cng, c th- Ti ni thi cng phi dng nhng ro chn khng cho nhng ngi khng c nhim v c vo

2. Bin php an ton lao ng c th cho tng cng vic, trch nhim c th ca cc c nhn trn cng trng v an ton lao ng:2.1. i vi tng cng tc thi cng Nh thu chng ti c bin php m bo an ton lao ng c th nh:

- i vi cng tc o t phn ngm: phn thi cng cng tc o t do mt s khi lng Nh cung cp lp t thi cng bng th cng nn cng tc m bo an ton l mt khu bt buc trong sut qu trnh thi cng. H o m bo gc m ca taluy theo quy phm. Trong qu trnh thi cng o t, Nh thu chng ti s b tr cn b gim st theo di. Nu c s c s thng bo ngay cho Ch u t bng li v bng cng vn sau 2 gi.- i vi cng tc c thit b cng knh c gia cng trc v vn chuyn ln cao bng cu t hnh v vn thng.

2.2. An ton trong khi thi cng trn cao:

- Ngi tham gia thi cng trn cao c giy chng nhn sc khe, c trang b dy an ton (c cht lng tt) v ti ngh.- Khi thi cng trn cao 1,5m so vi mt sn, phi ng trn sn thao tc, thang gp ... khng ng trn thang ta, khng ng v i li trc tip trn kt cu.

2.3. An ton trong cng tc hn:

- My hn cn c v kn c ni vi ngun in.- Dy ti in n my dng loi bc cao su mm khi ni dy th ni bng phng php hn ri bc cch in ch ni. on dy ti in ni t ngun n my khng di qu 15m.- Chui kim hn c lm bng vt liu cch in cch nhit tt.- Ch c th in mi c ni in t li in vo my hn hoc tho lp sa cha my hn. C tm chn bng vt liu khng chy ngn x hn v kim loi bn ra xung quanh ni hn.- Th hn c trang b knh hn, giy cch in v cc phng tin c nhn khc.

2.4. An ton trong s dng in thi cng:

- Vic lp t v s dng cc thit b in v li in thi cng tun theo cc iu di y v theo tiu chun - An ton in trong xy dng - TCVN 4036-85.- Cng nhn in, cng nhn vn hnh thit b in u phi c tay ngh v c hc tp an ton v in, cng nhn ph trch in trn cng trng l ngi c kinh nghim qun l in thi cng.- in trn cng trng c chia lm 2 h thng ng lc v chiu sng ring, c cu dao tng v cc cu dao phn nhnh.- Trn cng trng c nim yt s li in; cng nhn in phi nm vng s li in. Ch c cng nhn in - ngi c trc tip phn cng mi c sa cha, u, ngt ngun in.- Dy ti in ng lc bng cp bc cao su cch in, dy ti in chiu sng c bc PVC. Ch ni cp thc hin theo phng php hn ri bc cch in; ni dy bc PVC bng kp hoc xon phi bc cch in mi ni.- Mng in thi cng c c nh trn ct chc chn, c t in v cc n phi tip a tt v t cch mt t ti thiu 1,2m. H thng in chiu sng c m bo nh sng khi thi cng ban m.- Trc khi xng in ln th nht, m bo an ton cho ngi v ti sn nh thu thc hin y cc quy trnh sau:+ Gi vn bn thng bo n cc n v c lin quan+ Thc hin cng tc xng in t ngun n cc t ph ti+ Ch xng in tng phn on cp v dy dn+ Trc khi xng in phn on no phi dng ng h vn nng o v khng nh on cp khng b ngn mch pha, on cp khng c ph ti d cho kt qu nghim thu trc t yu cu. Sau khi xng in phn on no th phi t ngay bin Nguy him- c in cho phn on

2.5. V con ngi tham gia thi cng trn cng trng:- Tui nm trong khong tui lao ng theo quy nh ca nh nc.- C giy chng nhn m bo sc kho.- Cm nhng ngi c tin n, tin s vo thi cng cng trnh.- Cm tuyt i cng nhn khng c ung ru, bia khi lm vic.- Trc khi tin hnh cc cng tc mi cng nhn u c ph bin cc quy nh v an ton lao ng v lun nhc nh trong qu trnh thi cng.- Ton b cn b, cng nhn tham gia thi cng trn cng trng u phi c trang b bo h lao ng y : qun o bo h, giy mm, gng tay, m cng, khi lm vic trn cao t 2 tm gio phi mang v eo dy an ton trc khi leo gio hoc thi cng trn cao.2.6. Nhim v v trch nhim an ton v lao ng:* Trch nhim ca k s trng cng trnh:- Chu trch nhim v an ton lao ng ti cng trng.- Gi vai tr Ch tch ban An ton lao ng.- Phn cng cng vic cho c cng gim st vin v an ton lao ng.- Sp xp vic kim tra my mc, thit b ti cng trng theo yu cu ca cc bn hu quan.- T chc tun tra, kim tra an ton v kp thi x l khi cn thit.* Trch nhim ca nhn vin gim st an ton lao ng.- V tr l ngoi cng trng, quan st cc hnh vi hay iu kin lm vic thiu an ton.- Chun b bo co kim tra hng ngy v tip tc x l cc v vic.- Trong thi gian ph trch an ton vng mt, c th m nhim nhim v ca ngi ph trch.- Thc hin cc nhim v khc m ni qui v an ton lao ng ca Cng ty qui nh.* Trch nhim ca gim st vin qun c cng trnh.- y mnh vic thc hin an ton lao ng ti cng trng.- Sa cha cc iu kin v hot ng thiu an ton.- Tham gia cc bui kim tra an ton v theo di vic x l, sa cha cng vic.* Trch nhim ca cng nhn.- Tun th cc th tc qui nh, ni qui v an ton lao ng v bo co ngay cc iu kin lao ng, thit b hay hnh vi thiu an ton cho gim st vin cng trng.- Bo co mi tai nn hay s c nguy him xy ra cho gim st vin cng trng.- Tham gia mi hot ng an ton lao ng.- Bo dng thit b v dng c sao cho lun iu kin hot ng tt, an ton.- Vn hnh thit b my mc ch khi cc thit b trn hot ng an ton.- Tham gia vo mi t o to an ton lao ng.

3. Phng php phng chng chy n v ngp ng.3.1. Phng php phng chng chy n

Vi phng chm "phng hn chng" cn b cng nhn vin thng xuyn c ph bin ni quy, tuyn truyn gio dc, kim tra n c nhc nh tinh thn, nng cao cnh gic, tch cc ngn nga v thc hin tt php lnh PCCCCm khng c mc, s dng in tu tin. Ht gi chng ti c cn b cng nhn in kim tra, nu thy nhng ch khng cn thit th chng ti ngt in.*Khng:- Dng giy bc hay dy ng lm cu ch- Dng dy in cu trc tip vo cm- Khng h thng dy dn xung i t- Sp xp vt t ring tng loi gn gng- Khng cc chng ngi vt trn ng i li li- Xe ra vo cng trnh ch khng vo cc vt t d chy, khi ngh ch tt my v quay u xe ra ngoi.- Khng s dng in qu cng sut.- Khng c mang cht n, cht d chy vo khu vc thi cng.- Chp hnh tt v ni qui, qui nh v cng tc PCCC.- Thng xuyn kim tra n c vic chp hnh qui nh v cng tc an ton

3.2. Phng php phng chng ng ngp

- Trong khi thi cng cng trnh nu cng trnh b ngp ng do thi tit khi ma ton b nc s c bm vo h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc- Kho tng c t ni cao ro, gn gng. phng nc dng cao do ng ngp t xut hay bo l


8. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - BIN PHP THI CNG H THNG CP THOT NCTrong qu trnh thi cng, nh thu da trn h s thit k v thc t hin trng kt hp vi T vn gim st, Ch u t thi cng m bo cht lng, k, m thut v an ton. ng thi m bo ng tin thi cng cng trnh v cc bin php thi cng c duyt.

1. Bin php nh v ly du:Sau khi c bn giao mt bng, nh thu s thi cng lp t cc ng lun dy in, cc ng ng nc v.v... Cn c vo cc mc ca cc tng c bn giao t thi cng in nc c th nh v chnh xc v tr cm cng tc, l i dy, v tr n, v tr lp t cc thit b, khay cp

Cao lp t ng nc, v cc thit b so vi mt sn hon thin nh sau:

u ch bnh nc nng khu WC: +1,75 m

u ch bnh nc nng bp: +1,8 mm

u ch sen tm: +0,75 m

u ch lavabo: +0,55 m

u ch chu bp: +1,0 m

L i ng nc lnh khu WC: +0,52 m

L i ng nc nng khu WC: +1,0 m

L i ng nc lnh t ng h vo khu WC: -30 mm

2. Bin php lp t ng ng cp nc:Cng tc thi cng h thng cp nc c thc hin qua cc bc sau:

+ Vic tp kt vt t thi cng v bo qun ti kho ca cng trnh cn tun th cc yu cu kim tra cht lng ca i din Ch u t v T vn gim st.

+ m bo cht lng, vic gia cng ct, ren ng thp trng km c thc hin trc tip ti chn cng trnh bng bn ct th cng kt hp vi my ct ren ng chuyn dng (ca Trung Quc sn xut).

+ i vi ng v ph kin nha PPR vic lp t ng n gin hn ch cn s dng my ct, hn ng, khi lin kt cc ng v cc ph kin th dng my hn nhit cm tay chuyn dng. Khi hn my phi nng lm mm ng trong 4-6 giy, sau a vo kt ni vi mng xng hay vt t khc. Lu trc khi hn phi ct ng sao cho b mt ct phi phng, lau sch u ng hn, khi hn ng, u ni cc ph kin ch gi ng v ph kin thng gc vi my hn.

+ ng ng cp nc i chm trong tng ca khu v sinh do vy khi thi cng lp t Nh thu s v ln tng nhng ng ct c, s dng cc loi my ct gch kt hp th cng, to rnh trn tng. Nh vy, sau khi lp t s m bo ng ng chm hn trong tng m bo cho cng tc p gch men sau ny c thun tin. su ct c tng trung bnh l 3 - 4cm, rng trung bnh l 5-10cm ty tng v tr. Nu ti v tr c nhiu ng i cng 1 l nh thu s c ct tng cn thn khng lm nh hng n kt cu ca tng.

+ Vic chn, m kn khe h khp ni ren khi thi cng trc ng ng cp nc c thc hin bng si ay t tm sn.

+ Tt c cc u ng trc v sau thi cng u c bt kn bng nt bt ng trnh cc vt l lt vo v sn sng cho cng tc th p lc. Cng tc th p lc ng ng s c tin hnh ngay sau khi lp t xong cho tng tng.

+ Sau khi lp t ng xong dng va xi mng trt c nh ng trn tng , di sn nh.

+ kim tra kn ca ng ng cp nc Nh thu thc hin php o th nh sau: bt kn cc u ng bng nt bt thp, dng bm nc bm nc y ton b h ng cp, s dng bm cao p a nc trong h thng ti p sut nh 8kg/cm2 (theo yu cu ca thit k). Duy tr trng thi p sut cao trong khong thi gian 15 pht, nu st p khng vt qu 0,2 kg/cm2 so vi p sut nh l t yu cu. Nu st p vt qu mc trn Nh thu s kim tra tm ch r r khc phc. Khi Ch u t v t vn gim st chp thun kt qu th p lc, cng vic th p lc mi uc hon thnh.

7. Bin php lp t tr ng cp nc v h thng my bm:- Trc ng cp nc c thit k ng thp trng km v phng php lp t vi ng D50 dng phng php ren, vi ng > D50 dng phng php hn mt bch.

Khi lp t nh thu cn c bn v thit k xc nh cc v tr ng trc ng cp nc, dng my ren chuyn dng ren tin cc u ng, cc mi tin ren c sn chng r, qun dy ay m bo khi lp t xong cc mi ni c kn kht, cc ng trc ng cp nc c c nh bng cc gi treo ng (V 40x 40x 4), khong cch gia cc gi l 1,6 m, ng trc ng c a ln cc tng thng qua hp k thut vn chuyn bng th cng.

Sau khi lp t xong ton b h thng trc ng, cc gi m bo chc chn khng b rung lc ta bt cc u ch v tin hnh bm th p lc.

Xc nh v tr lp t bm, b bm bng b tng m bo khi hot ng khng b rung. Khi b tng chc chn ta ly du khoan bt chn my bm xung b b tng, di chn my bm t tm m cao su dy t 1 n 2 cm chng rung, chng n. My bm vi ng ht v ng cp ln b mi c lp t bng khp mm, van 1 chiu chng va p lm hng my bm. Khi lp t xong nh thu s mi nghim thu v a vo chy th, m bo yu cu mi a vo s dng.

8. Bin php lp t ng ng thot nc+ Do thot trc l ng PVC D350, D300, D200, D150, D100 quy cch xut xng 4m/on nn Nh thu s thi cng t di ln cho thun li. i vi cc on ng i xuyn qua trn b tng s dng my khoan b tng c xuyn sn.

+ chu c va p ln ca nc thi khi s dng Nh thu dng ai m ng hoc gi ng bng thp ch L, nhng ni khng th m ng vo tng bng ai m bnh thng, Nh thu s gia cng ti ch cc cli c bit m bo neo gi ng mi v tr.

+ Ton b cc loi ng thot ca tng c n pha di tc l nm trong khong khng gia trn b tng v trn gi ca tng di. Do Nh thu s dng quang treo ng chuyn dng v ty treo c nh cc ng thot tng. Quang treo c ch to sao cho tht d dng iu chnh cao thun li cho vic ly dc.

+ ng PVC v ph kin c ni vi nhau bng keo dn ng chuyn dng do nh my nha Tin Phong - Hi Phng sn xut. Qu trnh bi keo dn ng phi tuyt i tun theo hng dn lp t v khuyn co k thut ca nh my. Kt ni ng PVC bng keo dn, lau sch u ng v vt t cn kt ni bng gi dng c thoa keo ln u u ng v vt t sau dng tay n mnh u ng vo vt t v gi cht trong 3-5 giy

+ Vi h thng thot nc ngoi cng tc lp t ng phi tin hnh cng tc chng thm cho cc v tr ng i xuyn qua sn b tng. Ti cc v tr ng xuyn sn dng ba c ty sch cc ba via to nhm sau ti nc xi mng, dng b tng mc 300 chn kn , vic chng thm cho ton b khu wc s c nh thu xy dng tin hnh sau .

9. Bin php lp t thit b v sinhThit b v sinh hu ht lm bng s, do m bo an ton cho thit b Nh thu s tin hnh lp t ht sc cn thn v sau phi c bin php bo v chu o. Nh thu s ch lp t thit b v sinh khi cc cng tc xy trt p, lt v trn hon thnh. Cc ghp ni gia thit b v ng ng u c s dng cc loi giong do nh sn xut cung cp ng b hoc ch nh, cc thit b c lp t mt cch ngay ngn v cn i. Mt s thit b nh lavabo v tiu treo phi c c nh vo tng bng n thp m km hoc n INOX. Thit b lp t xong phi c xi nc chy th. Nc thot phi nhanh, cc xi phng phi kn kht khng chy nc ra sn. X bt khi x phi thy du hiu rt nc.

Bin php m bo an ton cho thit b lp t

Khi thit b lp t xong Nh thu s thc hin cng tc bo v cho n khi bn giao cng trnh a vo s dng. Vo cui giai on hon thin Nh thu s tng cng lc lng bo v. Cc t thi cng khi lm vic ti phng no th t trng phi ng k vi nhn vin bo v ti tng . Nghim cm vic cng nhn nh thu s dng cc thit b v sinh trong cng trnh tm, ra, ra dng c, i v sinh Nh thu s lp ni quy v c s kim tra st sao.

10 . Cng tc v sinh cng nghip, dn dp mt bng- Nh thu s phi hp vi nh thu xy dng tin hnh cng tc v sinh cng nghip trc khi bn giao tng hng mc cng trnh

- Tt c cc thit b in, nc trc khi bn giao phi c v sinh cng nghip sch s, cc thit b khng c bm bn

- Cng tc dn dp mt bng s c thc hin theo ng yu cu h s mi thu.

11 . Nghim thu bn giao:Nh thu s phi hp vi T vn gim st, Ch u t v cc nh thu khc tin hnh nghim thu vo giai on cui trc khi bn giao cng trnh. Mi h hng trc khi bn giao nh thu s chu trch nhim thay th v sa cha li.


9. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - BIN PHP THI CNG H THNG IN Trong qu trnh thi cng, nh thu da trn h s thit k v thc t hin trng kt hp vi T vn gim st, Ch u t thi cng m bo cht lng, k, m thut v an ton. ng thi m bo ng tin thi cng cng trnh v cc bin php thi cng c duyt.

1. Bin php nh v ly du:Sau khi c bn giao mt bng, nh thu s thi cng lp t cc ng lun dy in, cc ng ng nc v.v... Cn c vo cc mc ca cc tng c bn giao t thi cng in nc c th nh v chnh xc v tr cm cng tc, l i dy, v tr n, v tr lp t cc thit b, khay cp

Cao lp t dy in, v cc thit b so vi mt sn hon thin nh sau:

T in, hp attomat: +1,4 m

Cng tc, hp iu khin qut: +1,25 m

cm: +0,3 m

cm my git, cm bp: +1,0 m

n hunh quang: +2,5 m

n ht tng: +2,0 m

L i dy in cho iu ha, bnh nc nng, chiu sng: +2,400 m

L i dy in cho cm: +0,40 m

Ti cc v tr c bit nh n ban cng ty vo thc t hin trng nh thu s lp t l i dy in sao cho hp l

2. Bin php lp t ng lun dy, m tng, t in cn h: Cn c vo v tr trn bn v thit k, Nh thu xc nh c v tr ng lun dy v cc v tr t n cng nh t cm cng tc v.v... Nh thu s nh du bng sn cc v tr ny. Nh thu s dng gio hon thin phc v thi cng thun li cho vic lp t mng cp, cp in, ng ng cng nh tng kh nng an ton cho cng nhn.

i ving lun dy i chm tngsau khi vch du l i ng ln tng, dng my ct cm tay ct tng, sau mi dng ba c c ti nhng v tr ct. Tuyt i khng c tng khi cha ct tng, su ct v c tng i ng lun dy in nh sau:

+ i vi tng 110mm: su ct c khong 2 - 3 cm, rng 3 n 10cm (ty s lng l i ng)

+ i vi tng 220mm: su ct c khong 3 - 5 cm, rng 5 n 20cm (ty s lng l i ng)

Khi cng tc ct c tng xong, tin hnh lun dy in vo ng ghen v dng vt l, inh b tng, dy thp ghim cc ng ghen vo tng theo ng v tr l dy n thit b. Vi cc v tr l dy i trn trn b tng, vch b tng, trn nh, trn lan can th khng c ng ghen, dng inh b tng v dy nilon ghim trc tip dy vo b tng

Dy in v ng ghen i xong phi m bo khng b li ra khi mt tng, cc gc phi vung, cc ng ghen phi sp xp thng hng, khng b chng cho.

i vi l i ng ghen t 06 ng ghen tr ln, nh thu s cho lp t lp li mt co sau trt va c nh.

m v t in s c lp t sau khi tng c trt hon thin. Da vo cao nh du ta ct, c v chn cc m, t in bng va xi mng ct vng, dng nivo m bo cc thit b ny ng v tr, thng hng, m bo phng so vi mt tng hon thin. Mt ca t in, cm, cng tc s c lp t sau cng tc sn b.

3. Bin phplp t mng cp, kori cp intrn khay cp, mng cp:Cn c vo v tr trn bn v thit k, Nh thu xc nh c v tr t mng cp, khay cp, Nh thu s nh du bng sn cc v tr ny sau tin hnh khoan bt vt n th ty treo gi mng cp, cc ty ren phi thng hng v ng khong cch. Cc tuyn mng cp i ngang s c Nh thu lp ghp trn sn thnh tng on 10m mt ri mi ko ln cao c nh vo trn. Tuyn mng i ng s c Nh thu lp t di ln.

Khi a cp lnmng cpNh thu tin hnh ri tng si mt bng phng phptruyn tay, cm khng c s dng phng php ko u cui gy try xc v gin cp. Khi ton b s cp trong mt phn on ri xong,Nh thu tin hnh sp xp li v nh v chng trong mng cp bng dy tht cp PVC, m bo cho cc si cp i song song vi nhau v khng b chng cho, b ri. i vi cp trc ng Nh thu dng ti in lp t trn nc hp k thut treo cp theo phng ng ri mi tin hnh c nh cp vo thang cp lp t xong trong giai on trc. ng b cc thao tc gia ngi tng trn, tng di v ngi iu khin ti in.Nh thu s cho t ko dy s dng b m. Ton b dy v cp in khi ko ri xong l no th t trng t ko dy phi trc tip nhdus l nhm phc v cho cng tc kim tra, nghim thu v u ni sau ny khng b nhm ln.4. Bin phpthi cng lp t Busway:Cn c bn v thit k, nh thu xc nh v tr lp t trc ng Busway ng lc cho cc cn h, xc nh chiu di cc thanh Busway cho ph hp vi thc t chiu cao cc tng. Khi sn phm Busway nhp v u phi m bo mi hon ton vi y cc chng ch kim tra cht lng sn phm ca nh my. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn, lp t phi trnh va p, tc ng c hc (vn, xon) do vy vic kim tra trc v sau khi lp t l bt buc loi b sn phm khng tyu cu.Trc tinnh vnh du v tr lp t Busway, th qu rit trn xung xc nh v tr cc gi treo, khp thanh Busway. Khi cc gi treo, khp c bt chc chn ta bt u lp t cc thanh Busway t di ln trn, m bo thng ng, khng b vn xon hay bin dng c hc.Cc khp ni gia cc t Busway ch c php x dch mi bn 25mm khi lp tvphi m bo chc chn, sit cht bng bulon 2 u,khi sit vo ch cn sit 1 u n khi c trn vng ra l cht (1000KgN/cm2)Cc t ly in tng phi c kha c kh kt ni lin ng vi ca t lun v tr ON khng cho php tho ri t khi h thng ang hot ng, v tcni t khi gn ln thanh dn. Busway c lp t v tr mi trng kh ro khng c h thng ng nc, cc v tr ni gia cc t phi m bo khng b cc vt dn in lm ngn mch.Sau khi lp t xong ta s tin hnh kim tra dn in v cch in ca tng t Busway mi c php chy th v a vo s dng.

5.Bin php lpt thit b in:a. Bin php lp t cng tc cm, t in, n chiu sng...:Sau khi tng c sn hon thin v trn xong phn xng treo, nh thu ngay lp tc s cho tin hnh cng tc lp t n chiu sng, t in, cm, cng tc...

n c lau chi, g lp kim tra chy th tng n chic trn mt t trc khi chnh thc lp ln tng, trn. Cc u dy khi u vo cu u ca thit b s c nh thu x l m bo bn chc v an ton, quy cch u dy vo cc thit b c tin hnh ng theo hng dn ca nh sn xut, nh thu s dng nivo m bo cho thit b lun v tr cn bng. Tt c cc dy tip a cho thit b phi c u ni ng v tr, Nh thu tuyt i cm cng nhn ca mnh khng c php cu th dng dy tip a thay cho trung tnh.

Cng tc lp t h thng Busway v t in cc tng s c tin hnh theo ng hng dn ca nh sn xut.

Da vo h s thit k v cc tiu chun Cn b k thut s nghim thu tng phn cho cc t i thi cng cn c vo :

- v m quan: Cng tc, cm, t in t thng hng, ngay ngn, ng cao thit k. H thng n trn t cn i vi khng gian kin trc, h thng n trn tng lp t ng cao thit k hoc ch nh ca t vn gim st v ch u t ng thi phi ly thng bng nivo. H thng n s c v cc bin bo ngay ngn v chc chn.

- V tiu chun k thut ton b thit b sau khi lp t s c kim tra an ton trc khi xng in chy th. V nguyn tc, L no t tiu chun th xng in ngay l , cn cc l khng t nh thu s kim tra tm nguyn nhn khc phc sau li tin hnh o kim cho n khi t yu cu k thut.

Sau khi lp t v kim tra xong nh thu s s dng nilon bao ph trnh try xc thit b cho n ngy bn giao a vo s dng.

6.Bin php thi cng tip t:Cng tc thi cng h thng tip t an ton c thc hin vi trnh t sau:

o cc h thng h rnh ca h thng tip t vi nh dng v kch thc nh trong bn v mt bng b tr cc h thng tip t v bn v chi tit h thng tip t. Lu khng nh hng ti kt cu mng nh.

- ng cc tip t, ri dy tip t, hn ni h thng tip t nh ch nh r trong thit k.

- Sau khi ri dy tip t v hn ni cc xong, nh thu ngay lp tc cho o kim tra in tr tip t ca h thng cc tip t. Nu in tr tip t ca h thng tip a chng st o c nh hn 4th cng tc thi cng h thng tip t c coi l hon thnh. Nu in tr tip t cha t tin hnh pha trn, ri ho cht gim in tr t. Ri ho cht GEM gim in tr sau 2 ngy th nh thu s tin hnh o kim tra li in tr tip a, nu kt qu o c l kh quan th kt thc giai on lm tip t. Nu vn cha t yu cu, nh thu s trnh ln t vn gim st v ch u t b sung cc bin php tip t khc nh ng thm cc hoc lm ging tip a v tip t bn ng .

- Cui cng l cng tc san lp hon tr mt bng thi cng.


10. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - BIN PHP T CHC THI CNG

1. Tip nhn mt bng cng trng- Nh thu c cn b k thut n Ban qun l cng trnh tip nhn mt bng cng trnh, mc chun thc a (Cao ), cc trc nh v v phm vi cng trng. Bin bn k giao, nhn mt bng c lp theo quy nh.- Nh thu tin hnh kim tra, i chiu vi h s thit k nu c g khng ph hp s ngh Ban qun l d n c lin quan cng gii quyt.- Cc mc c nh du, bo qun bng b tng v sn, gi gn cn thn lm c s phc v sut qu trnh thi cng.- Nh thu lin h vi chnh quyn a phng v cc n v c lin quan xin php s dng cc phng tin cng cng cu thang b, vn thng lng phi hp cng tc gi gn an ninh trt t trong phm vi khu vc thi cng.

2. Cc cng trnh tm cn b tr mt bng thi cng Do cng trnh nm tp trung trong khu dn c nn mt phn ln tri tm v kho bi vt t thit b s b tr tp trung trong khu d n. Nh thu s lm ln tri tm v kho bi t ti tng 2 ca ta nh. Khi cng tc hon thin ca nh thu xy dng c tin hnh, nh thu s hon tr li mt bng tng 2 khng lm nh hng n tin ca d n. Ngoi ra nh thu s b tr thm ln tri cho cng nhn gn ngoi cng trng tin cho vic i li v lm vic.

3. Cp in thi cng:- Nh thu s lin h vi nh thu xy dng mua in, lp t ng h o in phc v thi cng.

4. Cp nc thi cng:- Nh thu s s dng ngun nc sn c ti cng trng phc v sinh hot v phc v cng tc th p kim tra kn kht ca tuyn ng.- Ti cc im thi cng phi c cc b cha nc m bo c nc sch phc v lin tc trong thi cng v sinh hot.

5. Thot nc thi cng:- Nh thu b tr h thng thot nc tm bng mng hoc ng thot nc ra h thng mng thot c ti cng trng- Cc hng mc phi o mng su c h thng mng thu nc mng dn v h thu, dng bm thot nc bm t h thu vo h thng thot nc

6. Thng tin lin lc:- Cc cn b ch cht cng trng cng nh tr s u c trang b my in thoi di ng m bo thng tin lin tc trong qu trnh thi cng.


11. FEB25

THI CNG C IN - CNG TC CHUN BI. Cng tc chun b, cung ng vt t.i vi vt t thit b, nh thu s cung cp ng theo h s thit k, m bo ng cc tiu chun cung cp vt t m h s thit k nu ra. C th :Nh thu cam kt s dng vt t ng chng loi, mu m c Ch u t ph duyt.Chng loi vt t phi c chp nhn v cng trnh theo ng nhu cu ca tng giai on thi cng trnh nhp vt t t gy kh khn trong vic bo qun. i vi vt t khng t yu cu v b pht hin l h hng, thiu ht hoc khng ng chng loi th s c tr li s hng khng t yu cuTh kho xp sp phn loi theo tng nhm v tnh cht vt t cng nh tnh cht vt liu tin bo qun. Tt c vt t nhp kho u phi c chng ch cht lng v ngun gc xut x. Mi vt t c ngun gc xut x khng ph hp vi chng loi c Ch u t ph duyt u phi c tr li nh cung cp. Nh thu gi cc chng ch gc ng vo h s cht lng.1. Bng k ngun gc vt t chnh d kin a vo s dng:TT n v - hng mc thi cng (Xut x theo ph duyt ca Ch u t) Phn vt t in: 1. T in 2. Ap tomat 3. n hunh quang 4. n p trn bng si t 1x60W 5. n exit ch li thot him 6. n chiu sng s c 2x8W 7. n downlight bng compact 1x18W 8. n chiu sng ng sodium 1x150W ct thp cao 8m 9. Cng tc, cm, m 10. Cp in Cu/XLPE/PVC11. Dy in li ng mm, cch in PVC 12. ng nha PVC bo h dy dn in 13. Mng cp, thang cp Phn vt t nc: 14. Chu ra15. X bt16. Chu ra bp 17. Gng soi+k knh 19. Vi hng sen20. Chu tiu treo + van n 21. ng thp trng km v ph kin ni ng 22. Cc loi van chn 23. ng nha uPVC thot nc v ph kinII. Cc quy trnh, quy phm p dng cho vic thi cng, nghim thu cng trnh.- TCVN 309-2004 Cng tc trc a trong xy dng.- TCVN 4459 -1987 Hng dn pha trn v s dng va trong xy dng.- TCVN 4055 -1985 T chc thi cng.- TCVN 4087 -1985 S dng my xy dng - Yu cu chung.- TCVN 5576-1991 H thng cp thot nc - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.- 20TCN 25 - 91 Lp t ng dy dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng- 20TCN 27 - 91 Lp t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng- 20 TCN 18 - 98 Qui phm ni t & cc thit b khc- 20 TCN 16 86 Chiu sng trong cng trnh dn dng- TCVN 263 - 2002 Lp t cp v dy dn in cho cng trnh cng cng- TCXD 394 - 2007 Thit k lp t trang thit b in- 11 TCN - 18(19;20;21) - 2006 Quy phm trang b in- TCVN 7447: 2004-2006: H thng lp t in ca cc to nh- TCVN 4756-1989 Quy phm ni t v ni khng thit b in- TCVN 4447 -1987 Cng tc t - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.- TCVN 4516 -1988 Hon thin mt bng - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.- TCXDVN 303 -2006 Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.- TCVN 5640 -1991 Bn giao cng trnh xy dng - Nguyn tc c bn.- TCVN 2127 1978 H thng tiu chun lao ng. Quy nh cn bn.- TCVN 2291 - 1978 Phng tin bo v ngi lao ng. Phn loi.- TCVN 4086 - 1985 An ton in trong xy dng. Yu cu chung.- TCVN 3254 - 89 An ton chy- TCVN 5738 - 2001 H thng bo chy- TCVN 6379 - 1998 Tiu chun phng chy cha chy- TCVN 5308 - 1991 Quy phm an ton trong xy dng.ng25th FebruarybiHKmeNhn:TI LIU THAM KHO0Add a comment

12. FEB25

CHN LA THANG MY PH HPi vi cc d n cao c vn phng, chung c, bnh vin, c quan...vic la chn c cc nh t vn. Ringvi trng hpca mnh, gia ch c hai cch sau chn la:T mnh chn la: s c rt nhiu nh cung cp n cho mi. Nh cung cp no cng ni tt cho sn phm ca mnh vi rt nhiu cam kt vi thit b ton u, M, Nht ton chnh hng v c khi ni xu c cc cng ty khc. Chnh lch v gi c th t 10 - 20%. Cng cn lu c khi tin mt tt mang, nhiu tin nhng khng thy xng vi cht lng th s l thm ha khi thang c h lin tc. Tuy nhin, nu gia ch c kin thc nht nh v k thut, qua tip xc vi nhiu ngun cung cp thng tin, nu kt hp vi vic tham vn vi bn b hoc ng nghip c s dng thang my, s cng chng mc chn la c thng hiu ph hp cho mnh.Giao trn quyn hoc phn ln quyn cho Kin trc s hoc Thu xy dng (nn c ph). Cc anh em ny nu c kinh nghim t cc cao c khc th a s c th t vn chn la cho cao c mt thang my ph hp, cng khng loi tr mt s n v v li ch khi mi gii khin gia ch phi tr gi t. Nu gia ch kt hp vi vic giao quyn, ng thi tham kho thm kinh nghim ca bn b nh trng hp u th s tt hn.Chng ti xin cung cp cho ngi tiu dng mt s vn k thut cng nh mt s kinh nghim v s dng:

Ti trng chn la :Din tch ca 1 sn

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