-- 1/22 --

CCH HON CHNH V BO CO MT LUN VN Son bi: Hunh Li, Email: huynhloi_qn@yahoo.com

Thng 5-2014

(Ti liu ph bin cho cc sinh vin, hc vin, cng rng ri cng tt)

Ni dung gm c: 1. Mt s lu

2. Tm ti liu trn mng

3. Cch ghi ti liu tham kho theo quy nh ca B Gio dc

4. Cu trc mt bi lun vn

5. To dn bi cho mt lun vn

6. To kiu v nh dng cho ch thch Bng, Hnh, S , th

7. Trch dn ti liu tham kho (c th dng Endnote X6)

8. To lin kt cho trch dn hnh, bng

9. To Mc lc, Danh mc hnh, Bng biu

10. X l hnh nh trong Word

11. Sa bi vit bng Comment v Track changes

12. Trch dn ti liu bng phn mm Endnote X6

13. X l hnh nh trong Photoshop

14. Cch lm PowerPoint n gin

15. Phn tch v v th phng trnh tuyn tnh trong Excel

16. Mo vt

1. Mt s lu Tit kim giy in, mc in: sn xut giy gy nhim mi trng (NaOH, chlorine), tn g rng, nn

hn ch cha l nhiu, gin dng, c ch va phi, tn dng giy b in nhp, in 2 mt nu c. Hy bo v mi sinh cho con chu bn. Nu khng s c ti ln vi lch s, con chu.

Cch lu tp tin: lu theo ngy, thng bn lm, v d hm nay ngy 14 thng 7 bn lu vi tn Luanvan_1407, ngy hm sau, bn Save as thnh Luanvan_1507. Khi kt thc bn t tn Luanvan_cuoicung v em in. Trnh trng hp lu tn lun vn_mi ri lun vn_newmt thi gian sau khng bit ci no mi, c. Bn nn lu vo hp mail hay dropbox trnh mt v c th tip tc chnh sa bt k ni u.

Ci phn mm dit vi rt mnh cho my tnh ca bn. 2. Tm ti liu trn mng Tm trn google Bn g t kha v thm ch filetype:pdf s c nhng bi bo khoa hc, nu cn tm su hn bn cn t kha chuyn bit hn v bn dng du tm chnh xc cm t kha.

V d bn tm Artemisia vulgaris bn g vo google nh sau: artemisia vulgaris filetyoe:pdf bn c 162,000 kt qu, nhng bn g artemisia vulgaris pdf tm chnh xc cm t ny th ch c 80,900 kt qu.

-- 2/22 --

Kt qu khi c du :

Bn nhp vo Scholarly articles for . hay nhng bi hc thut S c nhiu bi trn google scholar, rt c gi tr.

Tm trn Pubmed (th vin quc gia ca M) Bn g pubmed.com v g t kha, trn ny nhiu bi phi mua, nhng cng c bi min ph

Tm trn sciencedirect.com

-- 3/22 --

Trn ny hu ht i tin, bi no min ph th bn phi bi bo c hnh vung mu xanh.

Nhng trang web c gi tr tham kho khc l nhng trang c ui tn min l .int (quc t) vd who.int; .edu (cc t chc gio dc), .org (t chc quc t vd fao.org), cc tn min quc gia, j-stage (Nht, nhiu ti liu free), Springerlink, Scopus, Wiley. Ting vit th c db.vista.gov.vn.

3. Cch ghi ti liu tham kho theo quy nh ca B Gio dc Ti liu ting vit v ting nc ngoi ring, nh s lin tc. Sch: Tc gi (nm), Tn sch (in nghing), Nh xut bn, Ni xut bn, trang tham kho

VD: Tt Li (2004), Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit nam, NXB Y hc, H ni, trang 35. Tp ch: Tc gi (nm), Ta bi bo, Tn tp ch (in nghing), Tp (Vol.), S (No), tr. (p.)..

VD: Nguyn Quan Ti (2011), Nghin cu cy Lc tin, Tp ch Dc liu, tp 16, s 2, tr. 20-25. Angelina Jolie (2009), Study on chemical constituents of S. rotunda, Phytochemistry, 10, 4, pp.110-119.

Lun vn, lun n: Dng Th. Tr. (2010), Nghin cu c Ct ln, Kha lun tt nghip dc s i hc, Khoa Dc, HYD TpHCM, tr.35-36. Trn Vn Tr. (2011), Nghin cu cy Ch , Lun n tin s dc hc, HYD TpHCM, tr.11-12.

Trang web: Tc gi (Nm), Tiu , ng dn (ngy truy cp). 4. Cu trc mt bi lun vn Trong bi lun vn, mc ln nht l mc (chng) 1.; 2.; l tiu 1 (Heading 1), tiu mc 1.1.; 1.2.; 2.1.; l tiu 2 (Heading 2), tng t 1.1.1.; 2.1.1l Heading 3, v.v, bn nn lm ti Heading 4 thi, cp nh hn na bn dng du gch (bullet), v trong lun vn bn khng nn dng k t La m lm mc (I, II), v cc ch a), b)..lm tiu mc. Ngoi phn tiu bn c phn thn bi (Body Text) gm cc an vn (paragraph).

Lun vn khoa hc thng bao gm:

1. t vn

2. Tng quan ti liu

3. Nguyn liu v phng php nghin cu

4. Kt qu v bn lun

5. Kt lun v ngh

6. Ti liu tham kho

-- 4/22 --

5. To dn bi cho mt lun vn Bn to cc phn (section) cho ti liu bng cch m Microsoft word 2010 (2007), chn Page layout breaks Section breaks Next page. Bn lm thm 2 ln na nh vy bn c 4 phn (section). trang u (section 1) bn dng lm ba ngoi, ba lt v li cm n, vy bn cn c 3 trang, bn c th dng phm Ctr+Enter hay Page layout Breaks Page, section ny bn khng nh du trang. Section 2 bn dng lm mc lc, danh mc hnh nh, danh mc bng, s v c nh du trang l i, ii, iii,Section 3 l ni dung lun vn v nh du trang l 1, 2, 3v section cui l ph lc. Bn vo View Draft xem cc section v mun b cc section, bn con nhy vo ch section v bm Delete.

nh s trang nh vy, bn vo nhp i vo di trang v bn thy Header and Footer hin ra, section 2 bn chn Page number Bottom of page, tip chn Page number chn Number format l i, ii, iii v Start at i, bn ct ni vi section trc bng cch nhp vo Link to previous. Sau bn di chuyn ln section 1 v delete nh s trang i. nh s trang 1, 2, 3 ..cho section 3, bn lm tng t nh ct ni, chn 1,2,3 v Start at 1.

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Bn to outline bao gm t vn , chng 1, 2,..cho bi lun vn nh sau:

section 3 (c nh s trang l 1, 2, 3) Bn con nhy vo ch t vn v bm vo Home - Heading 1, Tng quan ti liu, Nguyn liu v phng php, Kt qu v bn lun, kt lun v ngh u thuc Heading 1, c ch chng trc cc mc bn chn vo numbering v chn Define number format, trong panel ny trc s 1 bn nh ch Chng.

tip tc cho Chng 2, bn con nhy Chng 1 nhp vo Home Format painter (biu tng c hnh ci chi) v nhp vo dng Nguyn liu v phng php, tng t cho Chng 3, 4 Tiu mc di chng 1 nh 1.1. Tng quan v thc vt hc hay 2.1. Nguyn liu thuc Heading 2 v 1.1.1. Phn loi thc vt v 3.1.1. Kt qu soi bt thuc Heading 3tng t cho Heading 4 v bn ch lm ti Heading ny m thi. Phn paragraph khng thuc tiu mc l body text n thuc Normal. xem outline bn chn View Nevigation pane (Document map), outline s hin ra bn tri mn hnh, nu n c khong trng l do li heading format, bn bm vo v bm Normal hay delete khong trng i.

-- 6/22 --

Trong ti liu, bn cn c 1 trang quay ngang, bn chia trang thnh 1 section ring v chn Page layout, chn Page setup v chn Landscape v Apply to: this section.

nh dng cho cc heading hay normal bn nhp chut phi ln heading hay normal ri chn Modify, bn chnh sa font, size, canh dng

V d nh dng cho Heading 1, bn chn Font (quy nh l Times New Roman), c ch (mc nh l 16), chn Format Paragraph, chn spacing before 6pt v after 6pt, gin dng line spacing l

-- 7/22 --

single hoc 1.5 ty , chn add to template, xong OK. Ring phn Normal bn c th to mt phn ring cho bn vi tn l Bodytext nh sau:

Trong Styles, bn bm vo Normal v m rng n ra, chn Apply styles, Style name bn sa l BodyText, chn New, chn Modify v chnh sa font, paragraph, size, canh dng justifytheo bn v d chn font size 13, times new roman, cch dng 1.25, paragraph cch nhau 6 pt, khng nn tht u dng vo (indent) v chn canh u (justify). Khi gp 1 paragraph no bt k bn ch cn bm vo ch BodyText trn styles l n s theo khun php ca bn. Bn cng c th p dng cch ny cho Heading 1 sa thnh Chng, Heading 2 thnh TieuMuc1,

6. To kiu v nh dng cho ch thch Bng, Hnh, S , th Khi bn vit ghi ch cho bng bn con tr ln u bng, vo References -> Insert Caption, panel hin ra nh di y:

Bn vo mc New Label, nh ch Bng (c b du ting Vit), OK. Nu bn nh du bng theo chng (chng l heading 1 phi c nh s t ng) th nhp vo mc Numbering chn Format l 1,2,3,.., nh du vo mc Include chapter number, Chapter starts with style chn heading 1, Use separator chn . (period), OK, OK.

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Lc ny s hin ra Bng 1.1, bn ghi tip ghi ch (VD: Bng 1.1. Hm lng Alkaloid ca cc loi thuc chi Stephania), cc s 1 sau ch Bng c mu en dng hyperlink. Khi trn ca s hin hnh ca Style and Formating c ch Caption, bn nhp chut phi ti y v chn Modify theo bn (font: arial phn bit vi font ca bi, size: 10, chn canh gia..). Khi gp mt bng mi bn cng vo References -> Insert Caption, chn Bng. Bn cng lm tng t cho Hnh (Insert Caption New Label: Hnh; Numbering) v th. Bng, Hnh, s nh s t ng khi bn chn Ctrl+A v nhp chut phi chn Update Field Update entire table.

7. Trch dn ti liu tham kho (c th dng Endnote X6) Trc khi link cho ti liu tham kho, bn phi c danh sch ti liu tham kho cui lun vn, danh sch ny phi c nh s th t t ng (Numbering) bng Home -> Numbering Vd Bn c list ti liu tham kho sau:

1. Tt Li (2004), Cy thuc v v thuc Vit nam, NXB Y Hc, H ni

2. V Vn Chi (2007), Sch tra cu tn cy c Vit nam, NXB Gio dc

3. Phm Hong H (1999), Cy c Vit nam, Tp I, NXB Tr, TpHCM

Khi bn tham kho ti liu 1 ( Tt Li) an vn no, bn m du mc vung ([) ngay , chn References Cross-reference, danh sch ti liu tham kho hin ra, chn 1 ( Tt Li), Insert, Close. Tng t cho cc ti liu cn li. Sau bn mun sp xp theo alphabet (theo h, nu theo tn phi a tn ra trc) ri chn tt c danh sch, chn Home Sort th ti liu c sp li, sau chn tt c ti liu bng Ctrl+A, nhp chut phi, chn Update field th phn link bn trn s thay i theo s sp xp alphabet. Nu bn sp theo th t tham kho th khng cn sort.

-- 9/22 --

Ch : Bn khng nn chen ngang ti liu tham kho vo gia m c lm ni tip, bn c lnh Sort, nn c yn tm.

8. To lin kt cho trch dn hnh, bng Trong bi vit bn c nhng Hnh, Bng, hay tc gi trong ti liu tham kho cn trch dn vo bi v d:

Tnh hnh gi vng th gii theo Bng 1.1 v th 2.1 iu ny c cc tc gi nu ri (Angel et al. 2007) Cc Bng, Hnh, c a vo khi c s thay i s th t ng trong trch dn ny thay i theo, bn lm nh sau:

References -> cross-reference, mc Reference type bn chn Bng, mc Insert reference to chn Only label and Number.

9. To Mc lc, Danh mc hnh, Bng biu To Mc lc section 2 (c nh s trang l i, ii, iii), chn References Insert table of Content

From template (c ch thay i theo Heading), Show levels: thng ti Heading 3, chn Modify Modify, nh dng kiu ch, sizecho mc lc, TOC cho headng 1, TOC 2 cho heading 2, v TOC 3 cho heading 3, bn cn cp nht bng Ctrl+A, nhp chut phi, chn Update field Update entire table. To Danh mc Bng, Hnh, S References Table of Figures , Caption lebel: chn Bng, Hnh hay th.

-- 10/22 --

10. X l hnh nh trong Word khi nhy lung tung, hnh c a vo trong mt Table, bn nn chn hnh bng lnh Insert Picture From file, nu bn Copy 1 tm hnh no nhng vo m b nhy, bn Paste hnh vo Photoshop hay Paint (khi ng bng Start Programs Accessories Paint) lu tn li ri Insert Picture nh trn.

trnh hnh tri theo dng i nhp vo hnh, chn Format Picture Layout In the line with text nu mun hnh ring mt ci hay Square nu c ch vy quanh hnh. Nn hnh vo 1 bng nu c nhiu hnh khi nhy lung tung, sau b line trong bng.

Hnh nn chn canh gia ti liu.

Ct hnh: nhp vo hnh, ri nhp vo biu tng Crop (c 2 du bt cho). ct mt lng nh chi li theo mnh th nhn thm phm Alt.

Chnh m nht, sng, ti nh vo thanh (More, Less Contrast v More Less Brightness)

chp hnh mn hnh my tnh, bn bm nt PrtSc (Print Screen) trn bn phm v Paste. ghp nhiu hnh mt cch n gin m hnh khng chy nhy v khng cn group, bn m Microsoft PowerPoint, ghp li ri chn tt c, past vo word bng lnh past option picture, tuy nhin phn gii khng c tt lm. Bn c th dng Photoshop.

ly hnh trong file pdf, bn chn Tool Select and zoom Snapshot tool (trong Adobe Acrobat), ct xong v past vo word. Hnh ly theo kiu ny gim cht lng, c th dng photoshop khc phc.

11. Sa bi vit bng Comment v Track changes Khi bn nhn c bi bo, lun vn cn s chnh sa ca bn (thng l thy c), bn dng ch comment bng cch bm vo Review Comment, panel comment s hin ra bn phi v bn vit vo. chnh sa bi bn dng ch Track changes bng cch bm vo Review Track changes sa, xem bn sa, bn bm vo Final thay v Final: Show Markup k bn track changes.

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12. Trch dn ti liu bng phn mm Endnote X6 12.1. Ci t Endnote X6 Endnote X6 l phin bn mi v tin ch, bn ci phin bn ny. Chn file setup.exe v ci t vo my

Ci firefox v trnh duyt ny d import vo Endnote hn, tuy nhin Windows Explorer vn c

Sau khi ci t, bn chn configure vo cc ng dng trong Microsoft Word

12.2. To th vin Chn File New v chn file name (vd cynara) v to th mc Cynara D (ng chn C l h thng). Th mc ny c th Copy v m my tnh khc c ci t Endnote X6 hay gi qua mng cho ngi khc xi.

12.3. To kiu (style) trch dn (cite) C nhiu cch trch dn, theo nhiu chun khc nhau, sau y l cch trch dn theo quy nh ca B Gio dc

Chn Bibliographic output style v chn l Numbered sau Chn Edit Output style Edit Numbered chn File Save vi tn ca bn (vd loi), bn c 1 style ring cho mnh. Nu bn mun trch dn theo kiu Superscript ([1]) th chn Citation Templates, t chn [Bibliography Number] v chn A1 trn thanh cng c.

-- 12/22 --

Trong mc Bibliography bn sa li ( nm ra sau tc gi) bng cch ct ch year ra sau tn tc gi v cho vo du ngoc nh sau:

Theo nh dng quy nh ca B GD l sau tn l nm vd nh i vi bi bo:

Author (Year), "Title". Journal, . Volume|(Issue)|: p. Pages|.

Sau khi sa xong Save li. Bn c th chnh trong author name, author list c th chnh Tn, H, c du phy cch ring hay khng.

12.4. Thm ti liu tham kho mi v nh km file Chn References v chn New Reference sau bn thm thng tin vo bng cch copy v past vo cc mc author, title v bn chn file nh km bng cch nhp vo biu tng c hnh ghim kp. i vi ti liu ting Vit, author c thay i ty theo h v tn, bn phi thay i nh th no trong Endnote m khi cite ra word l ng theo th t v d nh trong Endnote bn phi i l Li Tt

-- 13/22 --

12.5. Nhp cc trch dn t trang web vo Endnote (Citation) Cc trang khoa hc c th cite t ng vo Endnote l:

Pubmed Sciencedirect Springerlink Wiley Scopus (Sciencedirect l thnh vin) J-stage (Nht) (nhiu bi free) Google Scholar Ti liu ting vit c th tm trn db.vista.gov.vn nhng khng th cite c.

i vi Pubmed nh t kha (VD Cynara scolymus v chn Sent to - Citation Manager Number to sent (ti a l 200) nu c hn 200 th chn start l 201. Chn Create file v chn Others v Endnote

-- 14/22 --

i vi Sciencedirect chn ti liu cn export nu khng chn th trang web t ng chn tt c ti liu tm thy, chn Export Citation Export Open with chn Other Endnote. Ch quan trng: Trong trng hp bn c file pdf l ton vn bi bo, bn copy tiu bi bo vo google tm kim trang khoa hc (sciencedirect, pubmed, ) sau cite nh trn ri nh km file nh mc 4 hay click vo reference v nhp chut phi chn File attachment v Attach file

12.6. To nhm ti liu Chn Groups v chn create group vd Hoahoc, duocly, congdung, sau chn nhng file thuc group ny trong All references, Cut v Paste v group va to

12.7. Trch dn ti liu tham kho vo Microsoft Word u im ca Endnote l s t ng cite theo th t tham kho v bn c th vit bt k phn no trong lun vn, ng thi bn vit tng quan theo tng mc lin quan da vo loi tp ch, v d Phytochemistry, Chromatography A vit v ha hc, Phytomedicine, Plos One vit v dc l, Botany vit v thc vt hc

Bn m Word v Endnote song song, bn du nhy vo ni cn trch dn, sau trong Endnote bn chn ti liu v chn Insert citation (Alt+2) trn thanh cng c.

-- 15/22 --

Khi xong bi, in v chnh sa ti liu tham kho, bn chn Convert Citation and Bibliography convert to Plain Text.

13. X l hnh nh trong Photoshop Bn c mt tm hnh sc k nh vy, cn phi:

Thm ch: Nhng FeCl3 di ch Toluen C 1 ng k ngang di ch ny Cc s th t b o ln (IV, VII..) thay v IV, V (v hm thy ngi yu tay trong tay vi nh

khc nn gin chm ln phn an sc k). Cn phi di li.

Lm mt vt hng bn di vt xanh ca s V M hnh: Khi ng Adobe Photoshop, chon File Open, chn ng dn a hnh vo, m ca s layer bng Window Layer (hoc F7), ca s ny hin ra gc phi. Hnh mi a vo c xem l Background (hnh nn) v b kha (th hin gc phi, bn di trong ca s layer), mun chnh sa c trn background th phi bin n thnh layer (lp mng) bng cch nhp i vo background trn ca s layer.

Ct hnh: bn ct hnh li cho gn bng cch bm vo nt Crop bn tri mn hnh, chn phn cn ly ri vo Image Crop. Chn vng: chn bng Marquee Tool (chn hnh vung, trn) chn t do bng Lasso Tool

-- 16/22 --

Xoay hnh: vo Image Rotate canvas, quay 900, hay 1800, hc ty (Arbitrary), theo chiu kim ng h l CW (clockwise), ngc l CCW (counterclockwise)

Thm ch: Bn nhp vo biu tng ch T bn tri g ch Nhng FeCl3, chn font, size, mu ch trn thanh cng c bn trn. Khi Photoshop s sinh ra 1 layer (lp mng) pha tay phi, tn mc nh l layer 1, bn nhp vo n, tn n thnh nhng FeCl3, nu mun di chuyn th nhp vo layer ny, ri bm vo nt Move Tool (hnh mi tn bn tri bn). Nu mun xa, bn nhp vo layer, bm phm Delete. Thm ng k: Bm vo biu tng Line Tool pha tay tri, k ln hnh, chn mu cho line bng biu tng Color pha trn mn hnh. ng k c thng, nhn thm phm shift khi v. Photoshop t tn layer ny l Shape 1.

Di cc im sc k: Bm vo Background, bm biu tng Rectangular Marquee Tool (hnh vung bn tri), chn vo im VII (t u ti chn), bm Ctrl+C ri Ctrl+V, s c c layer 1 bn phi, nhp nhanh 2ln (double click) vo ch ny sa tn thnh VII. Tng t cho cc layer VIII, V, VI. Sau nhp vo layer V, bm vo nt Move Tool, a n ln ch VII, tng t VI v VIII, VII v V, VIII v VI. Vy bn c ng theo th t ri .

Lm mt mt vt: trn V, bn mun xa vt hng i, bn cho cc layer v background tt i bng cch nhp vo biu tng con mt trong ca s layer (Indicate layer visibility), trn mn hnh ch cn layer V. Bm vo layer V, chn cng c hnh con du (Clone stamp tool), pha trn mn hnh hin ra ch Brush bn cho ln nh cho con du bng master diameter, mode chn l Normal. Do lm mt vt hng, nhng mu da phi ging nh bn di ca vt, nn bn copy mu ny bng cch va nhn phm Alt (s thy vng trn c ch thp gia), va Click vo phn di xong bn nhp vo ch mu hng, mu hng s thnh mu bn di. Tng t bn mun c thm vt th nhp vo ch mu (Alt+click) v click vo ch cn c mu . Sau bn hin th tt c layer bng cch nhp li biu tng con mt.

Lu hnh nh: Chn File Save, chn Format l JPEG, chn Size l Medium

ghp nhiu hnh vo Photoshop, bn chn Open, dng chut v phim Ctl m 3 hnh mt lc, sau chn hnh cn ly bng Rectangular Marquee Tool, Copy v Past thnh layer 1, nhp i ln background thnh layer 0 v Delete layer ny i, sau chn Ctl+T (free transform), ko gc cho hnh nh li, nu hnh b xo th nhp vo gc v xoay cho thng trc khi crop, nhn Enter b chn Free Transform, m tip hnh cn ghp, chn v past thnh layer 2, sau chn Ctl+T lm nh li v ghp vo, tng t cho layer 3, 4

Layer ch

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Nhn Ctl+E (Merge Layers) ghp chung li v crop theo bn v lu dng JPEG.

-- 18/22 --

chnh mu th chn Image ajustment color balance (hay curves)

Chnh sng ti Image ajustment Brightness/contrast Tt nht l hn ch chnh mu.

14. Cch lm PowerPoint n gin Cc nguyn tc c bn:

Khng c qu nhiu ch trn slide: mi slide c khang 6-10 dng, mi dng c t 10 ch, mi slide c 1 tiu (title) cho d theo di.

Tt nht l c nhiu hnh, video minh hat. Khng nn to hiu ng cho slide (slide transition) v ch ng (animation) nu thi gian bo co

ca bn qu ngn (15 pht cho bo co Lun vn ).

Nn cho slide phi tng phn vi ch: nn xanh ch trng, vng, , nn trng th chn c nhiu mu ch hn

Font ch thng chn ch khng c chn (nh Arial) Lm Master Slide: Master Slide c chc nng mc nh cho tt c Slide ca bn c cng kiu. V d bn mun c 1 hnh (hay mt ch no ) lun xut hin trn tt c slide gc phi, chn View Master Slide Master, bn chn hnh bng Insert Picture From file, r hnh ln gc phi, bn mun mc nh cho tt c cc slide c dng mt tiu (title) trn, c c ch l 36, mu vng, v phn bi (text) di c ch 28, mu trng, nn slide mu xanh, vo Format Slide layout, ca s ny hin ra pha bn tri, chn Title and Text, nhp vo phn title v phn text, chn c ch, mu ch. Vo Format Slide design, chn mu l Stream (mu xanh) hay Beam. Xong chn View Normal. Bn copy phn Tng quan ti liu ln phn Title v ni dung th vo phn Text, xa bt ch slide cn li ni dung c ng nht.

Lm hiu ng khi chuyn Slide: chn Slide show Slide transition, chn kiu cho n. Lm hiu ng cho ni dung trong slide: bn mun dng ch xut hin mi khi click chut, chn Slide show Slide animation, ri chn kiu xut hin, nu chn chi tit cho tng kiu, vo Slide show Custom animation, add effect.

-- 19/22 --

15. Phn tch v v th phng trnh tuyn tnh trong Excel Bn c dy d liu sau:

n Nng (mg/ml) Din tch nh (AS) 1 0.0613 1417201 2 0.0306 712974 3 0.0153 318003 4 0.0077 141123 5 0.0038 53190 6 0.0019 21761

Vit phng trnh hi quy nng theo din tch nh Tnh tng thch ca phng trnh hi quy ( = 0,05) ngha cc h s hi quy ( = 0,05) V th biu din

Cng c cn dng l Data Analysis, vo File Option Add and In, chn Analysis Toolpak, Ok, nu my bn cha ci th mua da Office m a vo ci t. Ci xong bn s c cng c Data Analysis bng lnh data Data analysis Regression, chn Input Y range l din tch nh, Input X range l nng , Confident level l 95%, Output range l 1 bt k ngoi bng d liu. Ch : bng d liu phi nm dc th mi c.

-- 20/22 --

Bn s c phng trnh l b (intercept) = -33541 v a (X variale 1) = 23760380, = ax + b = 23760380x -33541, R2 (R square) = 0.9994

Trc nghim tnh tng thch ca phng trnh hi quy: t gi thuyt : H0: Phng trnh khng tng thch, Ha: Phng trnh tng thch, nu P (Significance F) < bc b H0 (nu dng F th F>F) v ngc li, trong trng hp ny P = 9.6 x 10-08 < 0.05 vy bc b H0, chp nhn Ha: phng trnh tng thch vi tin cy 95%. Nu dng F th tm F dng hm FINV. Cu lnh =FINV (probability, deg_freedom1, deg_freedom2), probability (xc sut) = 0.05, deg_freedom1=1 (v c 2 tham s l x v y nn 2-1=1), deg_freedom2=n-1 (n l s mu). F=7879.5>F =FINV(0.05,1,5)=6.607 (bc b H0).

ngha ca h s hi quy (a, b): t gi thuyt : H0: h s hi quy khng c ngha, Ha: h s hi quy c ngha, nu P (P-value) < (nu dng t th t>t) bc b H0, v ngc li. Dng hm th t = TINV(probability, deg_freedom)=TINV(0.05,n-1).

H s a: P=0.012t=tinv(0.05,5)=2.57): bc b H0 : h s a c ngha. H s b: P=9.6510-8t=tinv(0.05,5)=2.57), bc b H0 : h s b c ngha

(khng b c h s ny).

Vy phng trnh l l = 23760380x -33541

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V th: Vo Insert Chart XY (scatter) Next Data range: chn bng d liu, ty theo bng dng ct hay hng m chn Column hay Row, Next, Chart title : tng quan N v DT, X title: nng (mg/ml), Y title: din tch nh (AS), Gridline b chn Major gridline, Legend b chn show legend, Finish. Nhp i vo vng th (plot area) phn Area chn None b mu nn i. Nhp vo cc chm im, nhp chut phi chn Add trendline, phn Option chn Display equation on chart v Display R-squared value on chart. Ghi ch: mun quay dc mt bng d liu nm ngang, copy bng ny vo Paste special, chn Transpose

tng quan N v DT

y = 2E+07x - 33542R2 = 0.9995

0

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800000

1000000

1200000

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1600000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

nng (mg/ml)

din

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h (A

S)

16. Mo vt Cng c Format Painter (Hnh cy chi bn trn ca Word) l cng c copy dng format, vd: bn

c mc 8. X l hnh nh vi Photoshop c format l heading 1, numbering t ng, bn mun c 9. Mo vt c format tng t bn con tr vo ch 8. X l , bm vo biu tng Format Painter, ri bm vo ch 9. Mo vt th ch ny c format y chang ch 8.

Co ch trong Paragraph: thnh thang 1 vi ch nhy xung chim 1 dng e ph qu hay gy mc ci nh Cy ny thuc h C ri sang trang khc thy ch ph hay anh i cng tc Ply ri thy ch ku nm di. khc phc, nh du paragraph, vo Format Font Character spacing Spacing Condense chn khang 0.1 pt ri nng dn ln n khi ch nhy ln l va.

Update field b Error: do link ca bn b mt hay phn mm c ca bn cha ci t. VD cng thc c v trong ChemDraw, khi copy v paste vo bi, thnh thang b bo li khi update field, khi y

R2

t do (deg_freedom

P

H s b

H s a

D liu phi theo ct dc

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bn phi v li hay copy cng thc ri paste vo paint, lu file ri insert vo, cch ny c nhc im l hnh b n do thay i chm im.

Cc phm nng thng dng Khi chut ca bn b mo nut, bn xi phm tt, cc ch trn thanh cng c u c du gch di di 1 ch ci, bn kt hp phm Alt+ch ci m n lnh, VD mun m n lnh file th di ch File c gch di ch F bn m n bng phm Alt+F (tng t E cho Edit, I cho Inset, A cho table). Cc phm tt thng dng

Ctrl+A Chn tan bi Ctrl+D M Font Ctrl+Home V u bi

Ctrl+C Copy Ctrl+G Ti trang Ctrl+End V cui bi

Ctrl+V Paste Ctrl+L Canh tri Shift+F3 Ch thng ->hoa

Ctrl+X Ct Ctrl+R Canh phi F1 Help

Ctrl+Z Undo Ctrl+E Canh gia F2 Lu

Ctrl+F Tm Ctrl+J Canh u F4 Lp li

Ctrl+H Thay th Ctrl+O M file Alt+F4 Exit

Ctrl+B In m Ctrl+Q Xa nh dng Alt+Tab Chuyn panel trong window

Ctrl+I In nghing Ctrl+P In

Ctrl+U Gch di Ctrl++ Subscript (X2)

Ctrl+N M mi word Ctrl+Shift++ Superscipt (X2)

Ctrl+S Lu Ctrl+F4 Close