Cách Mạng Tháng Bảy – Wikipedia Tiếng Việt

Cch mng thng By

N thn T do dn dt nhn dn ca Eugne Delacroix

Thi gian 27, 28 v 29 thng 7 nm

1830

a im Paris

Nguyn nhn

bng n

Chiu d Saint-Cloud

Kt qu Phi t do chin thng

Charles X thoi v

Tham chin

Qun i hong gia Phi t do

Cng ha

Phe Bonaparte

Qun ch t do

Ch huy

Auguste de Marmont

Lc lng

10.000 lnh 10.000 ngi ni dy

Tn tht

200 t vong 800 t vong

Cch mng thng ByBch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Cch mng thng By l cuc cch mng ti Php, din ra ch yuti Paris, vo thng 7 nm 1830 di thi Bourbon phc hong.Trong giai on cai tr ca Charles X, nhng mu thun gia hai phet do v bo hong gy nn cc bin ng chnh tr ko di. Mah nm 1829, Charles X a Jules de Polignac, mt ngi bohong, ln gi chc th tng, thnh lp mt chnh ph mi. Trcnhng chng i ca cc ngh s phi t do, nh vua gii tn Nghvin v nh im l chiu d Saint-Cloud ngy 26 thng 7 nm1830 khin nhng ngi i lp ni dy.

Trong ba ngy 27, 28, 29, ngi dn Paris dng chng ngi vt trnng ph, chng li qun i ca Thng ch Marmont. Cuc xungt khin 200 qun hong gia v 800 ngi ni dy thit mng.Charles X cng gia nh chy khi Paris. Sau khi do d gia nncng ha v qun ch, cc ngh s ng a Cng tc Orlans,thuc nhnh th ca dng h Bourbon, ln ngi vua. Cch mngthng By din ra trong thi gian ngn ngi, khng chm dt nnqun ch m ch kt thc thi k tr v ca Charles X. Cng tcOrlans tr thnh Louis-Philippe I, ng quang ngy 9 thng 8 vitc hiu Vua ca ngi Phpkhng cn xng Vua nc Phpnh cc v qun vng nh Bourbon trc bt u cho nnQun ch thng By.

Din ra trong ba ngy t 27 ti 29, Cch mng thng By c gitrong ting Php l Trois Glorieuses, c ngha Ba ngy vinh quang.

Mc lc

1 Nguyn nhn cuc cch mng

1.1 Thnh lp chnh ph Polignac

1.2 Th thnh nguyn 221

1.3 Cng thng leo thang

1.4 Ngi n: Chiu d Saint-Cloud

2 Nhng ngy thng 7

2.1 Ngy 26: Nhng chng i u tin

2.2 Ba ngy vinh quang

2.2.1 Ngy 27: T ni lon ti khi ngha

2.2.2 Ngy 28: Cch mng nhn dn

2.2.3 Ngy 29: Chin thng ca phe khi ngha

2.3 Ngy 30: Quyt nh chn Louis-Philippe

2.4 Ngy 31: Louis-Philippe nhp cuc

3 Thng 8: Charles X thoi v, Louis-Philippe I ln ngi

Cch mng thng By Wikipedia ting Vit http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cch_mng_thng_By

1 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

4 nh hng ca Cch mng thng By

4.1 Ti B

4.2 Ti c

4.3 Ti

4.4 Ti ng u

5 Tng nim Cch mng thng By

6 Ch thch

7 Tham kho

8 Lin kt ngoi

Nguyn nhn cuc cch mng

Sau nht ch, dng h Bourbon phc hong mt thi gian ngn ri Napolon Bonaparte t o Elba quay tr lingi hong . Tht bi trn Waterloo, Vng triu 100 ngy ca Napolon chm dt. Louis XVIII tr v ngy 28thng 4 nm 1814, nh Bourbon ly li ngai vng. Ngy 4 thng 6 nm 1814, Louis XVIII ng vi Php im giihn bt quyn lc ca nh vua. Vn bn ny c thng qua c Vin cng khanh v Ngh vin.

Ngy 16 thng 9 nm 1824, sau mt thi gian bnh tt ko di, Louis XVIII mt tui 69 tui m khng c con nidi. Charles X, khi 66 tui, tr thnh ngi k v. Ngc li vi ngi anh trai, Charles X khng bit thch nghi vinhng bin i ca lch s. Nh vua ng quang ngy 21 thng 5 nm 1825 ti nh th c B Reims trong nghi thctruyn thng ca hong tc Capetien. D lun cho rng Charles X ang c gng quay li nn qun ch c. Trong cucbu c nm 1827, phi t do chim a s trong quc hi. Charles X chp nhn ch nh mt th tng nhm trung hagia hai phe bo hong v t do. Jean-Baptiste Sylvre Gay, t tc Martignac, tr thnh th tng, thnh lp mtchnh ph na t do, na chuyn quyn.

Cc nhn vt quan trng trong cuc Cch mng thng By

Charles X1757 1836Vua Php t 1824Thuc nhnh trng dng h Bourbon

Louis-Philippe I1773 1850Cng tc OrlansNhnh th dng h Bourbon

Jules de Polignac1780 1847Th tng t 8 thng 8 nm 1829Cu i s ti Anh

Adolphe Thiers1797 1877Nh bo, lut sNm 1871 tr thnh Tng thng th 2 caPhp

Thng ch Marmont1774 1852Trong trn Paris cui nht ch, dn 20 ngn lnh vEssonneB coi l k phn bi

Hu tc La Fayette1757 1834Tng tham gia Cch mng Hoa KTh lnh phi cng ha

Thnh lp chnh ph Polignac

Nhn thy tht bi trong vic tha c, Charles X ngm chun b mt bc ngot chnh tr. Trong ma h 1829, khi


2 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Louis-Franois Bertin, ch bt t

Journal des dbats. Ha phm ca

Dominique Ingres, hin trng by ti

Louvre

Ngh vin ang ngh, Charles X bt ng thi hi Jean-Baptiste Sylvre Gay, thay th bng cng tc Jules de Polignac.Tin tc c ng trn t Le Moniteur ngy 8 thng 8 c hiu ng nh mt tri bom. Jules de Polignac vn l con traica Yolande de Polastron, bn thn ca Marie-Antoinette v iu ny gi li nhng hoi nim xu v triu nhVersailles trc y. Bn cnh , b trng B Ni v Franois Rgis de La Bourdonnais l mt ngi bo hong ccoan. Cn b trng B Chin tranh, Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne de Bourmont, tng theo Napolon ri li phnli vi ngy trc trn Waterloo nm 1815.

Tt c nhng iu ny khin phi i lp phn ng mnh m. Ngy 14 thng 8 nm 1829, Louis-Franois Bertin, gimc t Journal des dbats vit: "Coblentz, Waterloo, 1815: ba yu t, ba nhn vt ca ni cc. Hy nhn theo bt ccch no m bn mun, kha cnh no cng lm h s hi, kha cnh no cng lm h tc ti. Hy nn, vt ci ni ccny, n ch nh tng git nhc nh, ri ro v su thm [...]. Triu nh vi cc mi him th c, lu vong v thnh kin,gii tng l s hi t do [...]". Louis-Franois Bertin kt thc bi bo ni ting: "Thng thay nc Php! Thng thay

nh vua!".[1]

Trong chnh ph khi cn nhiu b trng quan trng khc, nh Jean de Courvoisier ca B T php, Christophe deChabrol de Crouzol B Thng mi, Guillaume Isidore de Montbel, B Gio dc, Charles Lemercier de Longpr BHng hi, l nhng ngi nghing v phi t do. Khi Franois Rgis de La Bourdonnais t chc ngy 18 thng 11,Guillaume Isidore de Montbel thay th. Cn chc b trng B gio dc c thay bng Martial de Guernon-Ranville,b tc Guernon-Ranville, mt ngi t do.

Tuy cha c g khng nh, nhng phi i lp cho rng Charles X v Jules de Polignac mun ti lp nn qun chchuyn ch nh trc Cch mng. Trn thc t, c hai cch gii thch i lp v Php im nm 1814. Mt mt,Charles X mun tun theo php im mt cch cht ch: nh vua ch nh cc b trng v ch thi hi trong hai trnghp phn bi hoc nhn hi l. Mt khc, nhng ngi t do mun xy dng mt ch ging nc Anh, cho rngphp im khng th d kin ht cc trng hp, b trng phi c tn nhim bi a s Ngh vin. Cuc tranh lunny cn tip tc di nn Qun ch thng By.

Th thnh nguyn 221

u nm 1830, tnh trng nc Php tr nn xu. Ma ng 18291830 khcnghit, nn kinh t tr tr, nhiu nhm b mt xut hin nng thn, cc mchy khng bit nguyn nhn... Hai phe bo hong cc oan v t do trchnhim ln nhau.

Adolphe Thiers, Armand Carrel, Franois-Auguste Mignet v Auguste Sauteletlp nn t bo i lp Le National vi s u tin ra ngy 3 thng 1 nm 1830.Nht bo bnh vc cho mt nn qun ch ngh vin, gi li Cch mng Anhnm 1688: James II v khng hiu c nguyn ca nhn dn b thay thbi con gi l Mary II v ngi chng l William III. Mt s t bo khc nh LeGlobe v Le Temps tip tc tn cng, chng li nh vua v chnh ph. LeConstitutionnel v Journal des dbats cng nghing v cc t tng t do.

Ngy 2 thng 3 nm 1830, khi Ngh vin bc vo k hp mi, Charles X cmt bi pht biu thng bo cuc vin chinh ti Alger cng vic ngm e da

phi i lp trong chnh ph.[2] Ngh vin sau khi cn nhc a ln nh vua mtdanh sch nm ngi cho chc v ch tch: Royer-Collard, Casimir Perier,Delalot, Agier, Sbastiani v cui cng Royer-Collard tr thnh ngi c bnhim. Sau , cc ngh s bt u tranh lun d tho mt bc th thnh nguyntr li bi din vn ca nh vua, nhc li bn cht ca Php im 1814. Bc ththc s l mt bn kin ngh chng li ni cc chnh ph. Trong cuc biu quyt

ngy 16 thng 3, 221 ngi ng v 181 chng li vic son tho ny.[3]

Ngy 18 thng 3, bc th c gi n cung in Tuileries. Charles X ni: "Gii tn [Ngh vin] l iu khng thtrnh khi". Ngy hm sau, mt chiu d c a ra, hon k hp ngy 1 thng 9 ca Ngh vin, cc ngh s c ngh


3 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

6 thng.[4] Vo thi im , nh vua xc nh i ti cng: "Ta mun tro ln nga hn l ngi sau xe ko".[5]

Cng thng leo thang

Quyt nh ca Charles X lm tnh hnh tr nn si sc. Nhng ting n lan i. D lun co buc rng nh vua v ccb trng thn cn chun b thay i hin php. Cc kin khc khng nh Jules de Polignac, vn l cu i s v lbn ca Th tng Anh Arthur Wellesley, chun b sn, trong trng hp tnh hnh nc Php xu i s nh n scan thip ca Anh.

Ti Palais-Royal, Jean Vatout, ngi thn cn ca Cng tc Orlans Louis-Philippe, khuyn ch nhn ca mnh khaithc a v sn c. Nhiu ngi khc, nh Thiers, Tng Grard, Talleyrand... cng thuyt phc rng nhng ngi dngBourbon nhnh trng ht thi, nhng Louis-Philippe vn chn ch. Thng 5, ti Paris, Louis-Philippe n n tipanh v l Francesco I cng ngi v l Mara Isabel. cho mng v qun vng n t thnh Napoli, ngy 31 thng5, mt bui tic xa hoa c t chc ti Palais-Royal v Charles X cng ti d. Khi nh vua i khi, dn chng trnvo khu vn, Louis-Philippe nhiu ln ra ngoi ban cng xoa du m ng chng i Charles X v Jules dePolignac. Cuc biu tnh tr nn d di hn. Cc gh g c cht ng v t trong vn, ting la bn cnh tingnhc. B tc Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy, ngi chu trch nhim t chc bui tic, ni vi Louis-Philippe mt cuv sau c nhc i nhc li Paris: "Vy y, tha ngi, mt l hi rt Napoli, chng ta khiu v trn ming ni

la!".[6]

Ngy 16 thng 5 nm 1830, thi im on qun vin chinh ca Php chun b xut pht ti Alger, Charles X gii tnNgh vin, cho triu tp i c tri on cc qun vo ngy 23 thng 6 v cc tnh vo ngy 3 thng 7. Quyt nh canh vua trc tip khin ni cc chnh ph ri lon: Jean de Courvoisier v Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol t chc,Jean de Chantelauze c ch nh lm b trng B T php, Guillaume Isidore de Montbel sang B Ti chnh, cnb trng B Ni v c thay th bng b tc Peyronnet, mt ngi bo hong cc oan. Nam tc GuillaumeCapelle, mt tnh trng, c a ln lm qun l B Lao ng v c v tr trong t chc chnh ph.

Ngy 13 thng 6, trn t Le Moniteur, Charles X co buc cc ngh s khng t nh gi ng mc ch ca h vku gi c tri "khng b lc li v ming li gian xo ca k ch", "y li nhng ng vc khng ng c lm mtlng tin ca qun chng v c th gy ri lon". Charles X kt thc: "Nh vua ku gi, l mt ngi cha ku gi.Hy thc hin ngha v ca mnh, Trm c ngha v ca Trm.". Nhng hnh ng mo him khin Charles X nhn

hu qu. Sau cuc bu c, s ngh s i lp tng t 221 ln 270.[7]

Ngi n: Chiu d Saint-Cloud

Ngy 9 thng 7, tin tc chin thng t Alger v ti Paris. Thng li qun s ny em li ho quang cho nn qun ch vcng c nh ca Charles X. T ngy 10 thng 7, nh vua cng cc b trng thn cn b mt chun b cho chiu d.

Cnh st trng Paris v qun i cng khng c bit nn khng chun b g cho vic gi trt t th .[8] Phit do i lp nghi ng s xy ra nhng thay i bo lc, e ngi mt cuc khi ngha nhn dn. Bi phn ln h, ccngh s t do u xut pht t gii qu tc hoc t sn. Ngy 10, khong 40 ngh s v cng khanh hp ti nh cngtc Victor de Broglie, quyt nh trong trng hp xy ra bo lon s t chi b phiu cho ngn sch nh nc.

Louis-Philippe, khi ang ngh h lu i Neuilly cng gia nh, vn cha t ra cht quan tm no. Ngy 21 thng7, hu tc Charles-Louis Huguet de Smonville ti thm Louis-Philippe:

Vng min ? Khng bao gi, Smonville, nu n khng n vi ta mt cch hin nhin!

S l hin nhin, tha ngi, n nm di t, nc Php nht ln v bt ngi phi i.[9]

Ngy 25 thng 7, lc 11 gi ti, chiu d c giao ti ngi bin tp ca t Le Moniteur in trong m v pht hnhvo ngy hm sau:

Sc lnh th nht: nh ch quyn t do bo ch, tt c cc xut bn nh k phi c s cho php ca chnh ph.


4 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Sc lnh th hai: gii tn Ngh vin mi c bu.

Sc lnh th ba: thay i th thc bu c, gim s ngh s t 428 xung 258...

Sc lnh th t: triu tp i c tri vo thng 9.

Sc lnh th nm v su: ch nh Hi ng Nh nc.

Nhng ngy thng 7

Cc a im quan trng ca Cch mng thng By trn bn Paris ngy nay

Ta th

chnh

Louvre

Tuileries

Palais-Royal

Luxembourg

toile

Champs-lyses

Concorde

Vendme

Palais

Bourbon

Tuileries: Cung inhong gia

Palais Bourbon: Tr sNgh vin

Luxembourg: Vin cngkhanh

Ngy 26: Nhng chng i u tin

Th hai, ngy 26 thng 7, tin tc ca chiu d lan i khp nc Php gy nn mt trng thi sng st. Mc d nhiungi d on v s thay i, nhng khng ai tng tng c rng nh vua li hnh ng trc k hp ca haivin d kin ngy 3 thng 8.

T u bui chiu, cc ch ca t Le Constitutionnel t chc mt bui hp nh lut s Andr Dupin, mt ngh s phit do v l ngi thn cn vi Louis-Philippe. Cng tham gia cn c mt s nh bo nh Charles de Rmusat, PierreLeroux ca t Le Globe, mt s lut s khc nh Odilon Barrot, Joseph Mrilhou. Trong bui hp, Andr Dupin giithch rng cc chiu d ca nh vua tri vi Php im, tc bt hp php. Sau Rmusat v Leroux tr li ta son tLe National, ni cc nh bo ang nhm hp cng Thiers, Mignet v Carrel. T bo pht hnh mt s c bit ku gichng i bng vic ngng np thu. Thiers v Rmusat xut mt bn khng ngh v c son tho ngay lp tcvi ch k ca 44 nh bo, s ng ngy hm sau trn cc t Le National, Le Globe v Le Temps:

Ch hp php b [...] gin on, bo lc bt u. Trong tnh th ca chng ta hin ti, s phctng khng cn l ngha v. [...] Ngy hm nay, cc b trng ti li vi phm php ch. Chng takhng cn phi tun theo. Chng ti th pht hnh t bo ny m khng xin php nh quy nh p

buc.[10]

Cng thi gian , cc ngh s t do c mt Paris v t chc li, mc d cn kh d dt v s hi phn ng ca chnhph. Alexandre de Laborde v Louis Brard l nhng ngi hng hi hn c. Bui hp u tin ti nh Casimir Periervo chiu ngy 26 vi s tham gia ca Brard, Laborde, Bertin de Vaux, Saint-Aignan, Sbastiani v Taillepied deBondy. Brard xut mt bn khng ngh chung, nhng cc ng nghip khc t chi. Tht vng, Brard b i cng

Neuilly

Saint-Cloud


5 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Tch thu bo ch, ngy 27. Victor Adam, Th

vin quc gia Php

vi Laborde ti vn phng t Le National nhp vo nhm ca Thiers. Bui ti, khong 15 ngh s tp trung ti nhLaborde, trong c Bavoux, Brard, Lefebvre, Mauguin, Perier, Persil, Schonen. Brard li ngh v bn khng nghnhng cc ngh s khc vn trnh n vi l do h cha ng. Mi ngi t hn nh s a ra quyt nh vo 15 gi

ngy hm sau ti phng khch nh Casimir Perier, ngi khng mun nhng cng khng dm t chi.[11]

Cng bui ti 26, mt vi m ngi bt u t tp trc Palais-Royal, qung trng Carrousel, qung trngVendme vi thc y ca Hip hi Thng Mt. m ng tht ln: "Php im mun nm! o cc b trng! o Polignac!". Mt vi ngi biu tnh nhn ra xe ca Polignac, khi ang i cng nam tc Haussez, ti tr s BNgoi giao trn ph Neuve-des-Capucines. Cc vin nm v hng xe khin ca knh v toang, nhng mnh v coxc ngi Haussez. Ngi nh xe cho nga chy nc i vo trong sn ca B Ngoi giao v i hin binh ngvi cng. Paris sau tr li yn ng.

Ba ngy vinh quang

Ngy 27: T ni lon ti khi ngha

Ngy 27 thng 7, bt chp lnh cm, cc t Le National, Le Temps, LeGlobe v Le Journal du commerce ng lot ng ti bn khng nghca cc nh bo. Ngay lp tc, Claude Mangin, cnh st trng, ralnh tch thu nhng s pht hnh ca c bn t. Cc cuc u xy ragia cnh st v th in, nhng ngi lo s mt vic lm, tr thnh htnhn ca cuc khi ngha.

Thnh phn x hi ca nhng ngi ni dy l ti cho nhiucuc tranh lun ca nhng nh s hc. Vi cc s gia ch ngha x hihay cng sn, theo hng Ernest Labrousse, nhng ngi ni dy lnn nhn ca khng hong kinh t. Mt s khc, nh nh s hc ngiM David H. Pinkney, cho rng y l nhng th th cng, ngi bunbn nh, lm thu... H l mt phn ca lc lng V quc on tthi Cch mng Php b gii tn vo nm 1827 nhng vn gi li v

kh ca mnh.[12] Vi Jean Tulard, da trn t liu lu tr ca s cnhst, lc lng ni dy l "nhng cng nhn lm vic theo ma v, khng c truyn thng cch mng [...] t tp di s

li ko ca sinh vin v nhng ngi cm u v chnh tr".[13] Cn nhng ngi cm u, gm cc phn t cng hav nhng ngi trung thnh vi Napolon Bonaparte, chun b t t nht mt nm trc . Nhng ngi cng hach gm mt nhm nh nhng tch cc v cng quyt: Godefroy Cavaignac, Joseph Guinard, Armand Marrast, Louis-Adolphe Morhry, Franois-Vincent Raspail, Ulysse Trlat, Ferdinand Flocon, Auguste Blanqui... Cn nhng ngitheo ch ngha Bonaparte, ch yu gm cc binh s c ca nht ch, c s lng ng hn. H thng kn otp hp thnh cc t chc di s bo h ca ng Carbonari.

Vo lc 3 gi chiu, khong 30 ngh s t do hp ti nh Casimir Perier di s lnh o ca thnh vin k cu Labbeyde Pompires, mt ngi cc t. Phn ln mi ngi u lo lng, t vn v quyn t hp ca mnh. Brard, nhn thy

Casimir Perier mt v g b v kh chu r rt,[14] tip tc xut son tho bn khng ngh. Abel-Franois Villemaingi mt bc th n gin cho Charles X, cn theo Andr Dupin, nn khng ngh nhng mang tnh c nhn. Sau khiln khn trnh n, ch Franois Guizot t nhn chun b mt phng n v s trnh vo ngy hm sau. Khong 5 gichiu, cc ngh s li gii tn m cha c mt gii php no c th.

Trong khi , nhng nhm ni dy u tin xung t vi cnh st v cnh binh khu vc Palais-Royal. Chngngi vt bt u c sinh vin v cng nhn thuc Hip hi Thng Mt dng ln. m ng thm phn n bi thngbo b nhim Thng ch Marmont v s on 1, tc Paris. Ging nh Bourmont, trong mt ngi dn, Marmont lhnh mu i din cho s phn trc, tng dn 20 ngn qun ca mnh v Essonne trong khi Paris b tn cng vo nm1814. c nhng ngi cm u thc y, m ng tn cng qun i bng gch , cc chu hoa... Cui cng, vou bui ti, qun i bt u n sng. Cuc cch mng thng By nm 1830 thc s bt u vo chnh thi im ny.


6 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

N thn T do dn dt nhn dn, ha

phm ni ting ca Eugne Delacroix

minh ha ngy 28. Bo tng Louvre

Trn chin trc ta th chnh ngy 28

thng 7, Jean-Victor Schnetz. Petit Palais

Ngy 28: Cch mng nhn dn

Bui sng 28 thng 7, trung tm v pha ng Paris trn ngp chng ngivt. 10 ngn ngi ni dy va cp ph cc xng v kh va ht bi LaMarseillaise. Lc 11 gi, cc b trng cng Polignac ti cung in Tuileriestm s bo v ca Marmont. Thng ch Marmont nhn thy tnh hnh thc snghim trng, gi cho Charles X, khi ang lu i Saint-Cloud, mt tinbo ni ting:

Khng cn l mt v ni lon na, y l mt cuc cchmng. Hong thng cn khn cp quyt nh phng n trnp. Ngai vng vn cn c th gi c. Nhng ngy mai c

th s khng cn thi gian.[15]

Bc th lp li cu ni ni ting ca Cng tc Liancourt dnh cho Louis

XVI thi k Cch mng Php.[16] Charles X khng tr li, nhng vo buiti, Polignac bo cho Marmont bit nh vua va k mt chiu d t Parisvo tnh trng b bao vy, Marmont nhn c mi quyn lc nt cuccch mng. Nhng khi Thng ch Marmont ch c 10 ngn qun. Th dng nh b b ng bi qun i c gi i cho cuc vin chinh Alger,ti Normandie gii quyt cc m chy hng lot c , v ti bin giipha Bc phng pha B.

Trong ngy 28, cc nhm lnh, vi s tip t km ci v c n dc vlng thc, nh mc by trn nhng con ph nh hp ca Paris, y chngngi vt v di cn ma gch ... Cui bui sng, nhng ngi ni dychim c Ta th chnh thnh ph v ko ln l c ba mu. Sau nhiu lnmt ri li ly li trong ngy, cng trnh mang tnh biu tng vn thuc vtay nhng ngi cch mng. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord khi ang trong dinh th Saint-Florentin trn qung trng Concorde. Vo lc 5gi chiu, ngi th k ni vi Talleyrand rng nhng hi chung m hnghe thy t xa bo hiu phi ni dy lm ch Ta th chnh. Talleyrandni:

Ch vi pht na, Charles X s khng cn l vua nc Php.[17]

Cng ngy hm , cc ngh s phi t do vn tip tc gng tm mt gii php tha hip. Tng tienne MauriceGrard, ngh s ca tnh Oise, kn o gi bc s Thibaut ti nam tc Vitrolles lm mt cuc vn ng nh vua rtli chiu d. Vitrolles n lu i Saint-Cloud vo bui chiu v gp Charles X trong hai ting nhng nh vua t chimi nhng b. Lc gia tra, cc ngh s tp hp ti nh Pierre-Franois Audry de Puyraveau. Ln u tin JacquesLaffitte v La Fayette, va mi tr li Paris, c mt. Mt ban 5 ngi c ch nh, gm Laffitte, Delessert, Perier, cctng Grard v Mouton, nhn trch nhim ti thng thuyt vi Marmont ngng chin.

Khong 2 gi ri chiu, Thng ch Marmont tip phi on ngh s ti cung in Tuileries. Marmont vin cc lnhnhn c, i hi kt thc cuc khi ngha trc khi ngng bn. Th nhng cc ngh s li i hi rt li chiu d vthi hi cc b trng l iu kin ngng cuc ni dy. Khong 3 gi chiu, phi on ngh s ri Tuileries.Marmont gi mt bc in bo co Charles X v nhn c tr li vo cui bui chiu: Gi vng v tp trung qun i

gia Louvre v Champs-lyses.[18]

Cng thi im , cc ngh s li tip tc hp, nhng ln ny ti nh Louis Brard. H t chi trc tip k vo bnkhng ngh do Guizot son m mun cng b mt bn in. Chnh ph a ra quyt nh bt gi La Fayette, Grard,Mauguin, Audry de Puyraveau, Salverte v Andr Marchais. Thiers b i chn gn Pontoise, trong khi Rmusattr ti nh cng tc Broglie.


7 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Tn cng Louvre, ngy 29, tc gi v

danh. Bo tng Carnavalet

Chin u trn ph Rohan, ngy 29,

Hippolyte Lecomte. Bo tng Carnavalet

Jacques Laffitte, va tr v t Breteuil, l ngi u tin c v cho Louis-Philippe. Ti Palais-Royal, Laffitte tip xcvi ngi th k l Oudard, gi cho Louis-Philippe, lc ang Neuilly, mt tin nhn nhn hp tc cng. Trong m27 sang 28, mt tiu on cn v hong gia ng tri ti vng ngoi Saint-Honor nhn c lnh bao vy lu iNeuilly nhm ngn chn s hp tc c th gia Louis-Philippe v phe ni lon. m hm , Louis-Philippe phi ng

trong nh nui tm gn lu i Villiers.[19]

Ngy 29: Chin thng ca phe khi ngha

Trong m 28 sang ngy 29, cc chng ngi vt mi c tip tc cdng ln. Th nm ngy 29, Marmont phi dn qun khu vc gia Louvrev toile. Bui sng, nhng ngi ni dy chim c qung trngVendme t tay trung on 5 v 53. iu ny khin qun s caMarmont b sp . Trnh b chia ct, qun i phi b Louvre v Tuileriesrt v Champs-lyses v toile. Trong bui ti, phe khi ngha lm chParis cn tn qun hong gia rt v rng Boulogne bo v lu i Saint-Cloud.

Bui sng, hai cng khanh, hu tc Smonville v b tc Argout tiTuileries ngh Polignac t chc v rt li chiu d. Kt thc bui gpg tht bi, hai cng khanh v Polignac u ti Saint-Cloud, tuy khng icng nhau nhng n cng lc, i lp trc Charles X trong khi nhn cnhng tin tht bi ca Marmont. Cng bui sng, nam tc Vitrolles nhnc qua bc s Thibaut tin ca tng Grard: D nh vua khng rt lichiu d, nhng phi thi hi Polignac, cng tc Mortemart s nhn nhimv thnh lp mt ni cc mi trong c Grard v Perier. Charles X ng cc iu kin v Smonville, Argout cng Vitrolles quay v Paris botin.

Trong bui sng, cc ngh s v nh bo hp ti nh Laffitte. Laffitte giOudard ti Neuilly ni cho Louis-Philippe tnh hnh rt khn cp, Louis-Philippe cn s dng v tr ca mnh. La Fayette tuyn b ng v tr chhuy V quc on, lc lng gii tn vo nm 1827 va hnh thnh tr li.Ngc vi kin ca nhng ngi cng ha mun thnh lp mt chnh phlm thi, Guizot, Bertin de Vaux v Mchin ngh mt ban chu trch nhim qun l thnh ph. xut ny cchp nhn, y ban thnh lp vi cc thnh vin Casimir Perier, Mouton de Lobau, Audry de Puyraveau, Mauguin vAuguste de Schonen. Bui chiu, La Fayette v y ban ti Ta th chnh.

Cui bui chiu, Smonville, Argout v Vitrolles t Saint-Cloud quay v Paris. Sau khi mt rt nhiu thi gian vt quacc chng ngi vt trn ng ph, ba ngi ti Ta th chnh lc 8 gi ti. y ban v La Fayette i hi v bngchng chnh thc xc nhn vic thi hi Polignac nhng Smonville, Argout v Vitrolles khng th a ra. Nn ch,Smonville b v ng cung in Luxembourg cn Argout v nh Laffitte, ni cc ngh s ang hp v a ra nh: Charles X vn gi ngai vng, cng tc Mortemart tr thnh th tng. Lc 10 gi ti, Argout li ti Saint-Cloud tm cng tc Mortemart. Cc ngh s ng s ch cho ti 1 gi sng. 1 gi ri, Argout vn cha quay tr li,cuc hp gii tn.

Nhng ngi ni dy vn lm ch thnh ph. Thi im tha c qua v nh vy ngai vng ca Charles X btuyn n.

Ngy 30: Quyt nh chn Louis-Philippe

Ngy 30, cc ngh s v nh bo lm vo cnh phi km hm bt cch mng nhn dn gi vng li ch cho tng lpt sn. Ti nh mnh, Laffitte tip ba bin tp vin ca t Le National: Thiers, Mignet v Carrel. Laffitte t ra khng longi nguy c t nhng ngi ch ngha Bonaparte. Napolon II ang o, phn ln quan chc ca nht ch


8 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

theo nn qun ch. Nhng Laffitte s rng vi s vn ng ca cng tc Mortemart, cc ngh s s ng cho chutrai ca Charles X, khi mi 10 tui, ln ngai vng, tr thnh Henri V. Bn ngi tha thun phi gii quyt nhanhchng v cng b lun, khng cn i Louis-Philippe. Thiers cng Mignet son tho mt bn thng bo in ngaytrong xng in ca t Le National v s dn khp thnh ph dn chng Paris c c vo sng ngy hm sau:

Charles X khng th quay li Paris: ng ta lm nhn dn phi mu.Nn cng ha s khin chng ta b phn ha: n s gy bt ha vi chu u.

Cng tc Orlans l mt v hong thn tn ty vi Cch mng.

Cng tc Orlans khng bao gi chng li chng ta. [...]

Cng tc Orlans tuyn b; ngi ng vi Php im m chng ta lun mong i.

V nhn dn Php, ngi s nhn ly vng min.[20]

Vi quyt nh ny, bn ngi cn phi cn s ng h ca Mortemart v trn ht l La Fayette, ngi cm u ca phicng ha. Bn cnh cng phi thuyt phc Louis-Philippe, n lc ny vn cha l nh g. Charles deRmusat, ngi ly chu gi ca La Fayette, nhn nhim v ti thm d kin La Fayette ti Ta th chnh vo buisng hm . Charles de Rmusat a ra la chn gia Louis-Philippe v nn cng ha ri hi trong trng hp cngha, La Fayette c ng lm ngi lnh o khng. La Fayette, khi 73 tui, tr li: "Cng tc Orlans s lm

vua.".[21] Cn Mortemart cng v n Paris vo bui sng hm cng vi b tc Argout. Mortemart d nh ti nhLaffitte ri n Ta th chnh, nhng trn ng i gp Brard v cha v l tng Mathieu Dumas. Brard cho bit ccngh s ang hp v s ti Palais Bourbon vo bui tra ngh Louis-Philippe lm quan ph chnh. Mortemart ara cc chiu d, nhng Brard tr li:

Charles X khng cn l vua na. [...] qu mun, thi im tha hip qua, ng ta s khng bao gi tr

li.[22]

Tht vng, Mortemart khng ti Ta th chnh m quay v cung in Luxembourg, ni Smonville hp cng mt vicng khanh khc. Mt trong s , b tc Sussy, ngh vn ti Ta th chnh thng bo chiu d. Nhng khi cchiu d ti Ta th chnh, Sussy phi chy trn trc s ni gin ca m ng. Ti Palais Bourbon, cc ngh scng t chi nhn chiu d v cng ng Charles X khng cn l vua v lp ra mt ban 5 ngi ti iu nh viVin cng khanh: Augustin Perier, Horace Sbastiani, Franois Guizot, Benjamin Delessert v Jean-Guillaume Hyde deNeuville. cung in Luxembourg, 5 ngh s ch ra cho Mortemart rng Charles X khng cn tr v v s la chn chcn Louis-Philippe hoc nn cng ha. Cui cng phn ln cc cng khanh cng ng rng Louis-Philippe l phngn tt hn c. Sbastiani ti Palais Bourbon bo li tin ny cho cc ngh s.

Vo bui sng ngy 30, trong khi cc ngh s v cng khanh tranh lun, vn cha c g chng minh Charles X b yra ngoi cuc. Nh vua vn cn Saint-Cloud v va lp nn mt chnh ph mi, c th thoi v nhng ngi chongi chu, tc cng tc ca Bordeaux. Cn Louis-Philippe vn thn trng, ri Neuilly ti lu i Raincy, a imcch xa Saint-Cloud hn.

Gia tra, cc ngh s hp Palais Bourbon. Ch mt mnh Hyde de Neuville cn bnh vc cho Charles X, mt nhmnh gi n nn cng ha, cn li phn ln ng h Louis-Philippe. Th nhng nu chn Louis-Philippe vn cn haiphng n: hoc Louis-Philippe tr thnh quan ph chnh, hoc Louis-Philippe ni tip ngai vng. Cui cng, vo ubui chiu, cc ngh s ng vi phng n u tin.

T bui sng, cc ngh s quyt nh Henri de Rigny cng Jean Vatout n thm d Louis-Philippe ti lu iNeuilly. Thiers cng vi ha s Ary Scheffer, mt ngi thn ca gia nh Louis-Philippe, cng ti lu i Neuilly. ntrc, nhng Thiers khng gp Louis-Philippe m ch c Maria Amalia v Adlade, v v em gi ca Louis-Philippe.

Maria Amalia ni "[Louis-Philippe] khng bao gi chp nhn khi nh vua [Charles X] cn ang Saint-Cloud".[23]

Thiers thuyt phc rng Louis-Philippe l gii php tt nht, khng thay i triu i, cu nc Php khi ch ngha v


9 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Louis-Philippe v ti Palais-Royal

m 30. Jean-Baptiste Carbillet,

bo tng lu i Versailles

Louis-Philippe ri Palais-Royal, ngy 31.

Horace Vernet, bo tng lu i

Versailles

chnh ph... Cui cng, Adlade quyt nh: "Nu ngi tin rng s tn thnh cagia nh chng ti c th em li li ch cho cch mng, chng ti s vui lng gipngi! [...] Ti s ti Paris v ha nhn danh anh trai, trn qung trng Palais-

Royal, gia nhn dn.".[24]

Henri de Rigny v Jean Vatout ti sau cng khng gp Louis-Philippe. Trong sutngy hm y h li Neuilly. Maria Amalia, mc d ni: "Chng ti khng muntr thnh k tim ngi", nhng gi Oudard, ngi th k, ti Raincy bo cho

Louis-Philippe tr v Neuilly.[25] Mt lc sau, Lasteyrie, con r ca La Fayette, tibo "cn nhanh chng bi rt kh khn gi chn nhn dn". Maria Amalia gitin nhn th hai cho Louis-Philippe. Ngi a tin, s quan Montesquiou, vt quaqung ng 20 km gia Neuilly v Raincy, ti ni vo gia bui chiu. Mt nhmngh s gm 12 ngi cng ti Neuilly. u bui ti, Louis-Philippe cngMontesquiou v Oudard tr v Neuilly nhng n cng vin. Khong 8 gi ti, khiv v em gi ra gp, Louis-Philippe quyt nh ng vi gii php ca Ngh vin.Sau , cc ngh s c mi ti, di nh sng ca cc ngn uc, Louis-Philippechnh thc tuyn b ng .

Khong 10 gi ti, Louis-Philippe mc o redingote xm, i m en, eo di bngba mu c, cng th k Oudard v hai s quan Auguste de Berthois, Pierre Agathe

Heymes ri Neuilly i b v Palais-Royal. Trn ng i, Louis-Philippe dng li ti dinh th Saint-Florentin trnqung trng Concorde bit chc c s ng h ca Talleyrand. V ti Palais-Royal gn na m, Louis-Philippecho bo tin ti cng tc Mortemart ri ng ti mt cn phng trong cn h ca Oudard.

Ngy 31: Louis-Philippe nhp cuc

Trong m 30 sang ngy 31, s quan Heymes ti nh Jacques Laffitte, dngLaffitte khi ging vo lc 1 gi ri bo rng Louis-Philippe s tip ccngh s vo 9 gi ti Palais-Royal. Tip , Heymes ti cung inLuxembourg khong 2 gi sng nh thc cng tc Mortemart, thuyt phcng h cho Louis-Philippe. Khong 3 gi, hai ngi tr v Palais-Royal.Berthois dn Mortemart ti gp Louis-Philippe khong 4 gi sng, khi ang ng trn mt chic m c trong cn phng nh. Louis-Philippe tr dy,o h ngc, ngi y m hi, chng t vi Mortemart s trung thnh camnh dnh cho Charles X:

Nu ngi gp nh vua trc ti, ni vi nh vua rng ti b cng

p phi quay v Paris, [...] rng ti s t bm mnh ra tng mnh trc

khi b i vng min ln u.[26]

Tip Louis-Philippe thng bo cc ngh s c mt Paris ch nh mnhlm quan ph chnh cn bc nn cng ha ri hi v tnh hp php ca quyt nh . Mortemart cho bit trongtrng hp ny, cc ngh s khng th thay mt cho nh vua. Cui cng, Louis-Philippe giao cho Mortemart mt bcth gi Charles X trong cam kt s trung thnh v ni r nu ngi ta bt mnh phi nhn quyn lc th iu ch"tm thi v gi quyn li ca gia tc".

Bui sng, Louis-Philippe c bit tin Charles X b Saint-Cloud v Grand Trianon. Ngay lp tc, Louis-Philippe gi Mortemart ly li bc th vi l do cn sa li. 9 gi sng, sau khi ni chuyn vi Mchin, Dupin vSbastiani, Louis-Philippe tip phi on ngh s. Vin c cn nhng mi quan h gia nh vi Charles X, Louis-Philippe t chi, khng th tuyn b nhn chc v quan ph chnh ngay. Cc ngh s, lo lng nn cng ha c th ctuyn b Ta th chnh bt c lc no, tip tc gng thuyt phc. Cui cng, Louis-Philippe cng Sbastiani v Dupintho mt bn tuyn b, vi s ng ca cc ngh s c mt khi :


10 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Louis-Philippe n Ta th chnh, ngy

31. Feron Eloi Firmin, bo tng lu i

Versailles

Dn chng Paris! Cc ngh s ca nc Php, hin ang tptrung Paris, mun ti n th nhn chc v quanph chnh. Ti khng do d ti y chia s mi nguy vt mnh vo gia nhn dn anh hng, vi tt c sc lc ngn cuc ni chin v tnh trng v chnh ph. Khi vothnh ph Paris, ti t ho mang ba mu c vinh quang ny.Cc vin s hp bn; h s ngh phng cch bo v ch ca lut php v quyn li ca quc gia. Php im t nay

s l thc t.[27]

Ti Ta th chnh, y ban thnh ph thnh lp mt chnh ph lm thi.Cn c s ng h ca La Fayette, khong 2 gi chiu, Louis-Philippe riPalais-Royal ti Ta th chnh. T tc Chateaubriand, nh vn ni ting,vit li trong hi k: "Cng tc Orlans [...] xung sn Palais-Royal, troln mt con nga trng. [...] Cc ngh s hng hi nht rng ln: Cng tc

Orlans mun nm!".[28] Nhng khi on ca Louis-Philippe i dc sng Seine, vt qua cc chng ngi vt trn ph v hng Ta th chnh, nhng ting h chng i xut hin: " o nh Bourbon! Nh Bourbon ng cht! oCng tc Orlans!". Ti Ta th chnh, Louis-Philippe, khi mc b qun phc ca V quc on, gng xoa dukhng kh cng thng:

Tha cc ngi, y l mt cu v quc qun ti thm v tng c ca mnh!

Nhng ngi chng i vn tip tc: "La Fayette mun nm! o nh Bourbon!". Louis-Philippe m hn LaFayette, khi khp khing bc ti:

A! y l hu qu ca vt thng m ngi b Hoa K, trong trn Brandywine!

! K nim! La Fayette tr li.[29]

Jean-Pons-Guillaume Viennet, ngh s tnh Hrault, c tuyn b ca ngh vin, c thng qua trc vi 90 ch k,nhn c tn thng nh li ha quyn t do ca cng chng. Louis-Philippe ni: "Ti xt xa trc nhng kh au v

mu ca t nc; l mt hong thn, ti hnh phc c gp phn cho s may mn ca dn tc.".[30] trnhkhng kh cng thng do vn cn nhng phn i, La Fayette v Louis-Philippe ra ngoi ban cng Ta th chnh cngm hn di l quc k. T tc Chateaubriand nhn nh: Ci "m hn cng ha" ca La Fayette chnh thc t

Louis-Philippe ln ngai vng.[28]

Louis-Philippe tr v Palais-Royal bng ph Saint-Honor, nhn c thi nng nhit hn t cng chng. u buiti, Maria Amalia v Adlade, v v em gi ca Louis-Philippe, n Palais-Royal: "Chng ti thy chng ti cng ngiDupin v tng Sbastiani. Hai phng khch cha hng ngi. Quc k khp ni, cc ca s v tng b thng l

ch bi n; mi ngi khiu v v ht trn qung trng. Mt khng kh m v ln xn".[31]

Thng 8: Charles X thoi v, Louis-Philippe I ln ngi

Ngy 1 thng 8, La Fayette ti Palais-Royal cng vi y ban thnh ph lm thi, trao quyn lc li cho Louis-Philippe.Mt chnh ph mi c thnh lp. trnh ng chm nhng ngi cng ha, Louis-Philippe chp nhn hu ht cc ngh ca y ban thnh ph. Ring Franois Guizot t B Gio dc c chuyn sang B Ni v, cn Victor deBroglie b gt ra, nhng li c chn trong Hi ng chnh ph cng vi Casimir Perier, Andr Dupin, Jacques Laffitte,Mathieu Louis Mol v Tng Sbastiani. Louis-Philippe cng thay cnh st trng Paris v t ngy 2 n ngy 5, chnh cc b trng Ngoi giao, Gio dc cng nhiu chc v quan trng ca chnh ph.

Charles X ri lu i Saint-Cloud vo m 30 sang ngy 31 ri tri qua mt ngy Grand Trianon, cnh cung inVersailles. Tip nh vua chuyn ti lu i Rambouillet vo m 31 thng 7 sang ngy 1 thng 8. Bui sng, Charles


11 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Lu i Saint-Cloud, 1845

Lu i Rambouillet ngy nay, 2004

X tip i s Anh Charles Stuart ti khuyn nh vua nn cng nhn chcv quan ph chnh ca Louis-Philippe. Charles X cng gp i tBerthois, ngi ty tng ca Louis-Philippe, ti bo La Fayette cng quni s ti vo ngy mai. Mc d nhn c nhng li khuyn nn chngli, Charles X lm mi ngi ngc nhin khi quyt nh cng nhn vtr mi ca Louis-Philippe. Rng sng ngy 2, vn t vi ch k caCharles X v ti Palais-Royal:

Nh vua, mun kt thc s ln xn vn cn th vmt phn nc Php, ng ch nh ngi em h, Cngtc Orlans, gi chc v quan ph chnh. Nh vua cngrt li chiu d ngy 25 thng 7, tn thnh hai vin s hpvo ngy 3 thng 8 v ngi hy vng iu s em li ynbnh cho nc Php. Nh vua s i y cho n khingi a bn tuyn b ny quay tr li. Nu c mu hixm phm tnh mnh hay s t do ca nh vua v gia

nh, ngi s khng c cho ti cht.[32]

Louis-Philippe gi li mt bc th cho Charles X nhng trnh n v vicch nh. Chc v quan ph chnh Louis-Philippe nhn t cc ngh sv vic trnh n ny ngm khng nh s cai tr ca Charles X kt thc.Tng Girardin tr v Rambouillet mang theo cu tr li ca Louis-Philippe. Nghe theo li khuyn ca Marmont, Charles X thoi v nhngngi cho ngi chu. Chiu ngy 2 thng 8, Charles X gi mt bc th cnhn cho Louis-Philippe v ti Palais-Royal lc 11 gi m:

Em h ta,

Ta rt phin mun v nhng tn hi n nhn dn [...]. Ta quyt nh thoi v, nhng ngi cho chu traita, cng tc Bordeaux. Thi t, ngi cng chia s vi ta, ng nhng quyn li cho chu trai.Vi chc v quan ph chnh, em hy tn xng Henri V ln ngi. Em hy dng mi phng cch iu

hnh chnh ph trong thi gian vua cn nh tui [...].[33]

Cng trong ngy 2, bn y vin ca Louis-Philippe ti gp Charles X thng thuyt v iu kin cu hong ra i.Nhng Charles X ch tip cng tc Coigny v t chi, mun li i s ng ngi ca chu trai mnh. Vo thi im, Charles vn cn 10 ngn qun trung thnh. Ba y vin cn li b v Paris, Odilon Barrot ti gp Louis-Philippe lc4 gi sng ti Palais-Royal. Nhn thy cn phi cng buc, Louis-Philippe yu cu La Fayette ti Rambouillet.

Ngy 3 thng 8, Louis-Philippe thng bo trc hai vin v vic Charles X v con trai thoi v. Bui chiu, mt iqun khong 10 ti 20 ngn, do tng Pierre Claude Pajol ch huy, tin v Rambouillet. Ba ngi, Odilon Barrot,Nicolas Joseph Maison v Auguste de Schonen ti bo trc. Khi Charles X hi c bao nhiu qun ang ti, Maison trli: 80 ngn. Ngay lp tc, Charles X cng ty tng ri Rambouillet v hng Cherbourg. Ngy 16 thng 8, Charles X

mi ti ni v Louis-Philippe cng gi cho cu hong 600 ngn franc ly t ngn kh vi s bo m c nhn.[34]

Khng cn l vua, Charles X mang tc hiu B tc Ponthieu, sng lu vong v mt ngy 6 thng 11 nm 1836 tiGorizia, thuc ch o.

Ngy 7 thng 8, Ngh vin biu quyt a Louis-Philippe ln ngi, tr thnh Vua ca ngi Php, khng cn xng lVua nc Php nh cc v qun vng nh Bourbon trc . Ngy 9, ti Palais Bourbon, nn Qun ch thng Byc tuyn b chnh thc thnh lp.

nh hng ca Cch mng thng By


12 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Nhng ngy thng 9 nm 1830, ha phm

miu t Cch mng B. Gustave Wappers,

Bo tng Hong gia M thut B

Chim Arsenal, Marcin Zaleski. S kin

trong cuc ni dy thng Mi mt ti Ba

Lan

Cch mng thng By khng chm dt nn qun ch, nhng em li cho nc Php mt ch mi, cng c a v cagii t sn cng nghip v ti chnh. Di nn Qun ch thng By, cc cuc bo lon vn tip tc. Vo ba ngy 5, 6 v

7 thng 6 nm 1832, ni dy nhn dp m tang tng Jean Maximilien Lamarque khin 800 ngi cht.[35] Cuc ni

dy Canuts vo cc ngy t 9 ti 15 thng 4 nm 1834 Lyon cng c ti 600 nn nhn.[36] Louis-Philippe vn l mctiu cho nhiu v m st.

Cch mng thng By cng m u cho mt s cuc ni dy khc chu u ngay trong nhng nm 1830, 1831. Linminh thn thnh - c lp nm 1815 bi cc qun vng chin thng Napolon Bonaparte - can thip, trn p vonhiu v ni dy chu u, c bit trong nhng nm 1820. Nhng nm 1830, nc Anh cng nhn nn Qun chthng By, kt qu ca cch mng. Cc nc khc - o, Ph - cng quyt nh khng can thit. iu ny tr thnh tin cho nhiu cuc cch mng, khi ngha sau ti , c, B v ng u. Cch mng thng By cng bo trc cho"Ma xun ca nhn dn" - mt lot cc cch mng chu u vo nm 1848.

Ti B

Ti B, di s cai tr ca ngi H Lan, cch mng n ra ngy 25 thng 8nm 1830. Ngy 4 thng 9, phong tro lan ta v nhn c s ng h cadn Lige. Ngy 20 thng 9, qun i t sn ca Bruxelles, gm nhngngi ch ngha n ha, b tc v kh. Cc ngy 23 n 26 thng 9, quni H Lan can thip nhng tht bi. Phe cp tin v n ha nhn thyphi lin kt li. Ngy 27, nhng ngi ni dy chn ng qun H Lantrc ca Bruxelles ri y li ti tn bin gii c ca H Lan v o.Ngy 4 thng 10, B tuyn b c lp v thnh lp chnh ph lm thi

Bruxelles, mt nc B mi theo th ch qun ch lp hin.[37]

Ti c

Ti c, cng nm 1830, khng c chnh ph tp trung, cc phong tro tdo n ra Sachsen, Brunswick-Lneburg, Hessen v Ph.

Ti Brunswick, cng tc Karl II, ngi ang tr v v c mt Paris vothng 7 nm 1830, tuyn b s dm vo bin mu tt c cc nh ni dy.Karl II ni li ny ngay sau Cch mng thng By, nhng ti thng 9 phi b trn. Ngi em trai l Wilhelm VIII ln thay. Hannover, ccsinh vin thnh lp i t v, bt quc vng tun theo hin php. PhaNam nc c, nhng ngi t do tp trung Hambach, bnh vc chonn Cng ha lin bang, ko ln l c ba mu en, , vng, biu tngmi ca nc c.

Ti

, Ciro Menotti lp nn nhng ht nhn cch mng ti Bologna, Parma,Mantova v Romagna vi tn ch "c lp, on kt v t do". Nm1831, ln sng cch mng ni ln vng trung . Nhng ngi Carbonari, vn c lin h vi phi t do Php, nhnc s ng h ca chnh ph mi ca Php. Ti Roma, thng 12 nm 1830, hai con trai ca Louis Bonaparte lNapolon-Louis v Louis-Napolon c mu toan nn b trc xut. Thng 2 nm 1831, Francesco IV ca Modena vMarie-Louise u phi chy trn.

Ngy 26 thng 2, hi ng dn biu cc vng ni dy tuyn b "Lin hip tnh ". Nhng Casimir Perier tr thnh Thtng Php thng 3 nm 1831 rt li s ng h ca chnh ph trc , mc phi t do i mt vi s can thip

ca o. Cuc ni dy tht bi nhng d bo cho cch mng nm 1848.[38]

Ti ng u


13 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Ba Lan, Sa hong Nikolai I mun can thip ti Php v B trn danh ngha Lin minh thn thnh, tng ng vinqun i Ba Lan ngy 18 thng 11 nm 1830. Chng i li, nhng ngi ch ngha dn tc pht ng cuc ni dythng Mi mt vo ngy 29. Qun i Ba Lan cng tham gia vo cuc khi ngha. Sa hong dng qun i Nga np, chin thng trn Ostroka ri chim Warszawa. Gn mi ngn ngi b i y Thy S, B v Php.

Tng nim Cch mng thng By

Trong ba ngy ca Cch mng thng By, c khong mt ngn ngi thit mng, gm 200 lnh hong gia v 800ngi ni dy. Ngay ngy 3 thng 8 nm 1830, Louis-Philippe dng tin c nhn tng 1.500 franc cho Rouget de Lisle,

tc gi La Marseillaise.[39] Louis-Philippe cng ng phong thiu y cho tt c cc sinh vin Trng Bch khoa Parisv tng huy chng cho cc sinh vin lut v y tham gia Cch mng. Ngy 11 thng 8, ch mi quyt nhthng cho tt c nhng ngi b thng v lp mt huy chng mi dnh cho cc binh s ca Cch mng.

Trn qung trng Bastille, cy ct Thng By c khnh thnh ngy 28 thng 7 nm 1840 k nim Ba ngy vinhquang. Trn thn ct khc tn cc nn nhn v tm bng pha di ghi dng ch: "Vinh quang ti nhng cng dn Php

chin u bo v t do trong ba ngy ng nh 27, 28, 29 thng 7 nm 1830".[40]

Thut ng Trois Glorieuses, c ngha Ba vinh quang, c dng ch ba ngy t 27 ti 29 ca Cch mng thng By.Nh kinh t hc Jean Fourasti da theo, s dng thut ng Trente Glorieuses ch 30 nm pht trin kinh t t sau nh th chin cho ti Khng hong du la vo nm 1973.

Ch thch

^ Capefigue 1845, tr. 1971.

^ Le Bas 1842, tr. 5272.

^ Bellagamba, tr. 1263.

^ Lamartine 1853, tr. 3164.

^ Vaulabelle 1854, tr. 2255.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 5576.

^ Reithmann 2005, tr. 437.

^ Cabanis 1972, tr. 4258.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 5639.

^ Revue des deux mondes 1830, tr. 14810.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 56511.

^ Pinkney 198812.

^ Tulard 198413.

^ Brard 1834, tr. 7114.


^ Chaussinand-Nogaret 1988, tr. 10216.

^ Lacour-Gayet 1991, tr. 107017.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 57018.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 57119.


^ Guizot 1859, tr. 1221.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 57822.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 58023.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 58124.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 58225.

^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 58426.

^ Revue des deux mondes 1830, tr. 15627.

^ a Chateaubriand 1951, tr. 43728.

^ Thureau-Dangin 2003, tr. 1929.


^ Antonetti 2002, tr. 59331.

^ Nouvion 1857, tr. 34032.

^ Lamothe-Langon 1830, tr. 25833.

^ Buloz 1850, tr. 11934.

^ Dinnat 2001, tr. 11335.

^ Rude 1984, tr. 336.

^ Roegiers 200737.

^ Pasquale 2007, tr. 28138.

^ Hoefer 1863, tr. 71439.

^ Saint-Fargeau 1847, tr. 2640.

Tham kho


14 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Cabanis, Jos (1972), Charles X roi ultra Leurs figures

(http://books.google.com

/books?id=aVHUPAAACAAJ&

dq=isbn:2070282538&hl), Gallimard,

ISBN 2070282538

Antonetti, Guy (2002), Louis-Philippe

(http://books.google.com/books?id=nzr0GgAACAAJ&

dq=isbn:270287276X&hl), Librairie Arthme Fayard,

ISBN 270287276X

Bellagamba, U., Histoire du droit et des institutions

depuis 1789 (http://www.unice.fr/DROIT

/courbellagamba-L1dt.pdf), i hc Nice

Pinkney, David H.; Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny

(1988), La Rvolution de 1830 en France

(http://books.google.com/books?id=tphfAAAACAAJ&

dq=isbn:2130402755&hl), Presses universitaires de

France, ISBN 2130402755

Waresquiel, Emmanuel de; Benot Yvert (2002),

Histoire de la Restauration 1814-1830


/books?id=KJzTPQAACAAJ&

dq=isbn:2262019010&hl), Librairie Acadmique

Perrin, ISBN 2262019010

Vaulabelle, Achille Tenaille de (1854), Chute de

l'empire: Histoire des deux restaurations jusqu'a la

chute de Charles X (http://books.google.com

/books?id=pBqRpRYD3B8C), Perrotin

Capefigue, Jean Baptiste Honor Raymond (1845),

Histoire de la restauration et des causes qui ont amen

la chute... (http://books.google.com

/books?id=GoAzek1_qYYC), Wouters

Le Bas, M.Ph (1842), L'Univers: histoire et description

de tous les peuples... (http://books.google.com

/books?id=kxEsAAAAIAAJ), F. Didot frres

Lamartine, Alphonse de (1853), Histoire de la

Restauration (http://books.google.com

/books?id=MKUuAAAAMAAJ), Pagnerre

Reithmann, Annie (2005), Biographies: les grands

romanciers du XIXe sicle (http://books.google.com

/books?id=abH44-7bQo4C), Studyrama,

ISBN 2844726054

Revue des deux mondes (1830), Journal des voyages de

l'histoire, de la litterature, des science...

Guizot, Franois (1859), Mmoires pour servir

l'histoire de mon temps (http://books.google.com

/books?id=07MFAAAAQAAJ), Michel Lvy frres

Lacour-Gayet, Georges (1991), Talleyrand


/books?id=WyBSAAAACAAJ), Paris: Payot,

ISBN 2228882968

Chateaubriand, Franois-Ren de (1951), Mmoires

doutre-tombe (http://fr.wikisource.org

/wiki/Page:Chateaubriand_-_M%C3%A9moires_d

%E2%80%99outre-tombe_t5.djvu/357) II, Gallimard

Thureau-Dangin, Paul (2003), Histoire de la monarchie

de juillet tome I (http://books.google.com

/books?id=8LrO-4wjO0wC), Adamant Media

Corporation, ISBN 0543970019

Nouvion, Victor Honor N.B. de; Louis Philippe

(1857), Histoire du rgne de Louis-Philippe Ier

(http://books.google.com/books?id=wK7kFSUA8vUC),

Didier

Lamothe-Langon, tienne Lon (1830), Une semaine

de l'histoire de Paris: Ddi aux Parisiens


/books?id=uK47AAAAMAAJ), C. Hoffmann

Buloz, Franois (1850), Revue des deux mondes:

Litterature, Histoire, Arts et Sciences


/books?id=ZD0aAAAAMAAJ), Au Bureau de la Revue

des deux mondes

Dinnat, Claude (2001), Soeur Rosalie Rendu ou l'amour

l'oeuvre dans le Paris du XIXe sicle

(http://books.google.com/books?id=LXgEWlZp6-sC),

Harmattan, ISBN 2747506010

Roegiers, Patrick (2007), La spectaculaire histoire des

rois des Belges: roman-feuilleton


/books?id=hHzAHgAACAAJ), Librairie Acadmique

Perrin, ISBN 2262024510

Pasquale, Jean-Claude Di (2007), Les fils de la libert:

les fils de Pasquale Paoli (http://books.google.com

/books?id=K2PkTaVL0UoC&dq), Edilivre,

ISBN 2917135603

Hoefer, Jean Chrtien Ferdinand (1863), Nouvelle

biographie gnrale depuis les temps les plus...


15 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM


/books?id=kDwZAAAAIAAJ), Au Bureau de la Revue

des deux mondes

Tulard, Jean (1984), Histoire de France: Les

Rvolutions de 1789 1851 (http://books.google.com

/books?id=sKauJgAACAAJ&

dq=isbn:2213015740&hl), Fayard, ISBN 2213015740

Brard, Simon (1834), Souvenirs historiques sur la

rvolution de 1830 (http://books.google.com

/books?id=CLU7AAAAMAAJ), Perrotin

Chaussinand-Nogaret, Guy; Jean Dusaulx (1988), La

Bastille est prise: la Rvolution franaise commence

(http://books.google.com/books?id=mweP22cD6IoC),

Editions Complexe, ISBN Editions Complexe Kim tra

gi tr |isbn= (tr gip)

(http://books.google.fr/books?id=MJ8YAAAAIAAJ),

Firmin Didot frres, fils et cie

Saint-Fargeau, Girault de (1847), Bibliographie

historique et topographique de la ville de Paris


/books?id=WTMYAAAAMAAJ), L'auteur

Rude, Fernand; Yvette Weber (1984), C'est nous les

canuts (http://www.bm-lyon.fr/image_canut

/CatalogueLesCanuts.pdf), Th vin Lyon

Lin kt ngoi

Ha phm v Cch mng thng By (http://www.histoire-image.org/site/rech

/resultat.php?mots_cles=Revolution+de+1830) trn L'Histoire par image

Ch Paris Ch Php Ch Lch s

Ly t http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cch_mng_thng_By&oldid=20624662

Th loi: Cch mng ti Php Cch mng th k 19 Lch s Paris Qun ch thng By Bourbon phc hong

Ni chin Xung t nm 1830 Php 1830 Chin tranh lin quan ti Php

Trang ny c sa i ln cui lc 05:11 ngy 7 thng 3 nm 2015.Vn bn c pht hnh theo Giy php Creative Commons Ghi cng/Chia s tng t; c th p dng iukhon b sung. Xem iu khon S dng bit thm chi tit.Wikipedia l thng hiu ng k ca Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., mt t chc phi li nhun.


16 of 16 6/11/2015 8:24 PM

Documents

Cách Mạng Tháng Bảy – Wikipedia Tiếng Việt