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PARAMETROS PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL DIAMETRO OPTIMO CENTRAL HIDROELECTRICA STA.LORENZA DATOS DEL SISTEMA Caudal m3/s 11 Caudal por tuberia m3/s 11 Nivel de operación normal msnm 2409.13 Nivel del agua valvula msnm 2390.25 Nivel eje de Turbina msnm 2201.45 Altura Bruta m 207.68 Sobrepresion (Golpe de ariete) % 30 Rendimiento Hidraulico % 1 Rendimiento Turbina % 0.91 Rendimento Generador % 0.96 Vida util años 30 Horas operación al año hr 8760 DATOS DE LA TUBERIA Bifurcacion SI Numero de tuberias u 1 Longitud de tuberia m 366.89 Esfuerzo admisible Pa/m2 114000000 Densidad del material kg/m3 7850 Espesor por Corrosion m 0.002 Eficiencia junta soldada 0.85 COSTOS Fabricacion US $/kg 4 Montaje US $/kg 1.5 Obras Civiles US $/kg 2 Energía US $/kw-hr 0.055 Tasa de descuento anual % 12 DIAMETRO ECONOMICO SUGERIDO Diametro 1 m 1.989 DIAMETROS DE ANALISIS D1 cm 170 D2 cm 180 D3 cm 190 D4 cm 200 D5 cm 210 D6 cm 220 D7 cm 230 OTROS VARIABLES Viscosidad del agua Pa-s 0.0011382 Gravedad m/s2 9.78

Cálculo Óptimo de Tuberia Forzada (Central Hidroelectrica)

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Excel para comprobar el dimensionamiento correcto de una tuberia forzada para una central hidroelectrica

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PARAMETROSPARAMETROS PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL DIAMETRO OPTIMOCENTRAL HIDROELECTRICASTA.LORENZADATOS DEL SISTEMACaudalm3/s11Caudal por tuberiam3/s11Nivel de operacin normalmsnm2409.13Nivel del agua valvulamsnm2390.25Nivel eje de Turbinamsnm2201.45Altura Brutam207.68Sobrepresion (Golpe de ariete)%30Rendimiento Hidraulico%1Rendimiento Turbina%0.91Rendimento Generador%0.96Vida utilaos30Horas operacin al aohr8760DATOS DE LA TUBERIABifurcacionSINumero de tuberiasu1Longitud de tuberiam366.89Resistencia del materialkg/cm22500Esfuerzo admisiblePa/m2114000000Densidad del materialkg/m37850Coeficiente de rugosidad Manning0.01Espesor por Corrosionm0.002Eficiencia junta soldada0.85COSTOSFabricacionUS $/kg4MontajeUS $/kg1.5Obras CivilesUS $/kg2EnergaUS $/kw-hr0.055Tasa de descuento anual%12DIAMETRO ECONOMICO SUGERIDODiametro 1m1.989DIAMETROS DE ANALISISD1cm170D2cm180D3cm190D4cm200D5cm210D6cm220D7cm230OTROS VARIABLESViscosidad del aguaPa-s0.0011382Gravedadm/s29.78Peso especifico de aguaN/m39751.394478Coeficiente Hazen150Rugosidad absolutam0.00004572Densidad del fluidokg/m3997.0751Factor K1.7

COSTO PERDIDA ENERGIALongitudDiametroAlt. BCaudalEfic. GrupoVel.NReynoldsCoef. Fric.FriccionLocalesTot.Alt.perd.Alt.NetagPot.Pot.PerdHrs. opePerdidaPerdidaValor actual(m)(m)(m)(m3/s)(m/s)(m)(m)(m)(m)(m/s2)(kW)(kW)(h/ao)(kW-hr)(US$/ao)(US$)366.891.70207.7110.87364.8472075400.01022.3342.0364.370203.3109.7819107411876035977471978761593928366.891.80207.7110.87364.3268071990.01021.7671.6203.387204.2939.7819200318876027882981533561235314366.891.90207.7110.87363.8764489950.01011.3581.3052.663205.0179.781926825087602192204120571971223366.892.00207.7110.87363.5061266080.01011.0581.0632.121205.5599.78193191998760174583996021773468366.892.10207.7110.87363.1758349220.01010.8340.8741.708205.9729.78193581618760140654477360623148366.892.20207.7110.87362.8955697500.01010.6650.7261.391206.2899.78193871318760114512162982507329366.892.30207.7110.87362.6453276340.01010.5360.6081.143206.5379.7819411107876094120951766416989

ESPESOR & TUBERIAESPESOR DE TUBERIA Y PESOCon formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393381.902.354.358.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393381.902.354.358.01221132379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714571.903.655.658.0651242369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035751.904.956.958.0651252358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357701.906.268.269.0733462349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512171.907.409.4012.0939372340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666651.908.5410.5412.0939382331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835031.909.7011.7012.0950692322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004431.9010.8612.8616.012550102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173841.9012.0314.0316.012550112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358031.9013.2115.2116.012709122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564271.9014.4116.4119.014926132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770511.9015.6117.6119.014926142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993891.9016.8418.8419.015139152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228641.9018.0820.0825.019701162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463381.9019.3121.3125.019701172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718211.9020.5822.5825.020022182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107451.9021.9723.9725.023998192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496011.9023.3825.3832.030814202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633381.9024.5226.5232.015796212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.013556222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.014233TOTAL366.89396274Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393381.702.104.108.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393381.702.104.108.01311832379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714571.703.275.278.0699642369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035751.704.436.438.0699652358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357701.705.607.608.0700062349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512171.706.628.629.0755672340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666651.707.649.6412.01009282331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835031.708.6810.6812.01021492322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004431.709.7211.7212.010092102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173841.7010.7612.7616.013488112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358031.7011.8213.8216.013659122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564271.7012.8914.8916.013488132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770511.7013.9715.9716.013488142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993891.7015.0717.0719.016273152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228641.7016.1718.1719.016045162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463381.7017.2819.2825.021185172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718211.7018.4120.4125.021530182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107451.7019.6621.6625.025805192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496011.7020.9122.9125.025793202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633381.7021.9423.9425.013222212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89332733Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393381.802.234.238.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393381.802.234.238.01388632379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714571.803.465.468.0740542369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035751.804.696.698.0740552358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357701.805.937.938.0740962349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512171.807.019.0112.01068272340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666651.808.0910.0912.01068282331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835031.809.1911.1912.01081192322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004431.8010.2912.2916.014274102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173841.8011.3913.3916.014274112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358031.8012.5114.5116.014455122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564271.8013.6515.6516.014274132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770511.8014.7916.7919.016978142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993891.8015.9517.9519.017220152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228641.8017.1219.1225.022414162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463381.8018.3020.3025.022414172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718211.8019.4921.4925.022778182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107451.8020.8222.8225.027301192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496011.8022.1524.1525.027288202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633381.8023.2325.2332.017974212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89366616Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393382.002.474.478.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393382.002.474.478.01542232379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714572.003.845.848.0822442369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035752.005.217.218.0822452358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357702.006.598.599.0926262349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512172.007.799.7912.01186172340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666652.008.9910.9912.01186182331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835032.0010.2112.2116.01603792322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004432.0011.4313.4316.015846102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173842.0012.6614.6616.015846112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358032.0013.9015.9016.016046122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564272.0015.1717.1719.018845132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770512.0016.4418.4419.018845142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993892.0017.7219.7225.025223152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228642.0019.0321.0325.024870162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463382.0020.3322.3325.024870172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718212.0021.6623.6625.025274182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107452.0023.1325.1332.038909192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496012.0024.6126.6132.038890202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633382.0025.8227.8232.019936212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89430987Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393382.102.604.608.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393382.102.604.608.01619032379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714572.104.036.038.0863442369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035752.105.477.478.0863452358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357702.106.928.929.0972362349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512172.108.1810.1812.01245072340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666652.109.4411.4412.01245082331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835032.1010.7212.7216.01683292322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004432.1012.0114.0116.016632102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173842.1013.2915.2916.016632112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358032.1014.6016.6019.020029122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564272.1015.9317.9319.019779132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770512.1017.2619.2625.026098142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993892.1018.6120.6125.026469152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228642.1019.9821.9825.026098162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463382.1021.3523.3525.026098172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718212.1022.7424.7425.026523182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107452.1024.2926.2932.040824192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496012.1025.8427.8432.040804202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633382.1027.1129.1132.020917212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89458510Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393382.202.724.728.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393382.202.724.728.01695832379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714572.204.236.238.0904342369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035752.205.737.738.0904352358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357702.207.259.2512.01359862349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512172.208.5710.5712.01304072340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666652.209.8911.8912.01304082331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835032.2011.2313.2316.01762892322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004432.2012.5814.5816.017418102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173842.2013.9215.9216.017418112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358032.2015.2917.2919.020974122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564272.2016.6818.6819.020712132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770512.2018.0820.0825.027326142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993892.2019.5021.5025.027715152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228642.2020.9322.9325.027326162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463382.2022.3624.3625.027326172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718212.2023.8225.8232.035658182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107452.2025.4427.4432.042739192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496012.2027.0729.0732.042718202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633382.2028.4030.4032.021898212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89488272Con formula ASMEAltura de presion (m)Espesor tuberia(mm)Peso(kg)PUNTONIVELProgresivaANCLAJEHidrosta.SobrepresionTotalAnguloAng.tuboDif.alt. tramoLong.tramoLong. Acum.PresionDiam.inter.Efic.junta=0.85Corros.+2Real(inc.+20%)N(golpe ariete)radmmmN/m2m12390.25Valvula18.885.6624.50.000.0000.000.000.002393382.302.844.848.0022390.25118.885.6624.50.000.0000.0032.4432.442393382.302.844.848.01772632379.8329.308.7938.137.040.64710.4217.3049.743714572.304.426.428.0945342369.4139.7211.9251.637.040.64710.4217.3067.045035752.306.008.008.0945352358.98250.1515.0565.237.040.64710.4317.3184.356357702.307.589.5812.01421262349.8759.2617.7877.033.270.5819.1116.60100.957512172.308.9610.9612.01362972340.7668.3720.5188.933.270.5819.1116.60117.558666652.3010.3412.3416.01820482331.55377.5823.27100.933.270.5819.2216.80134.359835032.3011.7413.7416.01842392322.3286.8126.04112.833.760.5899.2216.60150.9511004432.3013.1515.1516.018204102313.1096.0328.81124.833.760.5899.2216.60167.5512173842.3014.5616.5619.021645112303.764105.3731.61137.033.760.5899.3416.81184.3613358032.3015.9917.9919.021919122294.24114.8934.47149.434.970.6109.5216.60200.9614564272.3017.4419.4425.028554132284.73124.4037.32161.734.970.6109.5216.60217.5615770512.3018.9020.9025.028554142275.085134.0540.22174.334.970.6109.6516.84234.4016993892.3020.3822.3825.028960152265.33143.8043.14186.935.930.6279.7416.60251.0018228642.3021.8823.8825.028554162255.59153.5446.06199.635.930.6279.7416.60267.6019463382.3023.3825.3832.036660172245.706163.4349.03212.535.930.6279.9016.87284.4720718212.3024.9126.9132.037256182234.74174.3952.32226.732.820.57310.9620.22304.6922107452.3026.6028.6032.044654192223.787185.3555.60241.032.820.57310.9520.21324.9023496012.3028.3030.3032.044632202214.81BIFUR.194.3258.30252.660.001.0478.9710.36335.2624633382.3029.6931.6932.022879212201.458207.6862.30270.060.001.04713.3615.43350.6926327351.4019.3321.3325.016268222201.45Casa Maq.207.6862.30270.00.000.0000.0016.20366.8926327351.4019.3321.3325.017079TOTAL366.89530267

JNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramalesJNG:Se duplica por ser dos ramales

COSTO TUBERIACOSTO FABRICACION E INSTALACION TUBERIAMoneda= US $Costo FabricacionCosto MontajeCosto Obras CivilesCOSTOCOSTODiametro(cm)PESO(kg)UnitarioSub totalUnitarioSub totalUnitarioSub totalTOTALANUAL170332732.904.001330931.611.5499099.352665465.802,495,497309,800180366616.464.001466465.831.5549924.692733232.912,749,623341,348190396274.424.001585097.661.5594411.622792548.832,972,058368,962200430987.124.001723948.481.5646480.682861974.243,232,403401,282210458510.264.001834041.031.5687765.392917020.523,438,827426,909220488272.414.001953089.641.5732408.612976544.823,662,043454,619230530266.994.002121067.971.5795400.4921060533.983,977,002493,720

DIA. ECO.Diametro (m)Costo Anual $Costo de Perdida $Costo Total $1.70309,800197876507,6761.80341,348153356494,7051.90368,962120571489,5332.00401,28296021497,3042.10426,90977360504,2682.20454,61962982517,6012.30493,72051766545,486Diametro Economico = 1.90 m

DIA. ECO.

Costo Anual de TuberiaCosto de Perdida de EnergiaCosto TotalDiametro (m)Costo Anual ($)Costo Anual ($) vs Diametro (m)

ExtraDiametro (m)Costo Total $Costo de Perdida $Costo Total $1.702,495,49715939284,089,4251.802,749,62312353143,984,9371.902,972,0589712233,943,2822.003,232,4037734684,005,8712.103,438,8276231484,061,9752.203,662,0435073294,169,3722.303,977,0024169894,393,991Diametro Economico = 1.90 m

Extra1.71.71.71.81.81.81.91.91.92222.12.12.12.22.22.22.32.32.3

Costo Total de TuberiaCosto de Perdida de EnergiaCosto TotalDiametro (m)Costo ($)Costo Total ($) vs Diametro (m)