Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Científico

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    1/117

    Vrlolbj fn Krlfj

    Cistctutj icvnrsctlrcj Lnrjiutcej.

    Gleuatlf fn Ciknicnrl.

    Ciknicnrl ni Ucstnmls.

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej.

    Ejnifl Grliecsej !lvcnr.

    Lsnsjr"#laanr $ltrcecj.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    2/117

    Fnrne`j fn Lutjr

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej o% Grliecsej !lvcnr Ejnifl cs acenisnf

    uifnr l Ernltcvn Ejmmjis Ltrcouec&i'Ejm(lrtcrFnrcvlflsCkula ).* ^i(jrtnf +cenisn.

    $lrl vnr uil ej(cl fn nstl aceniecl, vcsctlr -tt("ernltcvnejmmjis.jrkacenisnso%'sl).*

    c

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    3/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Fnfceltjrcl

    /stn (rj%netj nstl fnfcelfj l mc (lfrns % -nrmlil.

    cc

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    4/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Lkrlfnecmcnitj

    Lkrlfn4ej l mc glmcacl (jr -lonrmn lejm(l

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    5/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtwlrn Ecnitgcej.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    6/117

    CIUVCV^VJ ^ICWN_UCVL_CJ LN_JIL^VCEJ GLE^AVLF FN CIKNICN_CL

    Lprjolfj pjr na Fnplrtlmnitj fn Ucstnmls ni eumpacmcnitj fn ajsrnqucsctjs nxckcfjs plrl jtjrklr na ttuaj fn Ciknicnrj fn Ucstnmls

    La Unjr Ejnifl Grliecsej Blvcnr FIC !"##"$%#"

    >nvcslfj (jr"

    .............................................................. #k. #laanr $ltrcecj

    Vutjr fn Vrlolbj

    .............................................................. +ce. Ulalmji Lacecl.

    Fcrnetjrl F(tj. Ucstnmls

    ................................................ Cik. 75etjr Elrajs >csj Fcrnetjr F(tj. Fnslrrjaaj $rjgnscjilaVrcouila Nxlmcilfjr

    ...............................................+ce. Ulalmji Lacecl

    $rnscfnitn fna Vrcouila /;lmcilfjr

    ............................................................. $ceejajttj $loaj 0jela fna Vrcouila /;lmcilfjr

    E&rfjol, 3) fn 2jvcnmorn fn 3*88

    v

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    7/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    _nsumni

    +js ecnitgcejs sn nigrnitli l ui eunaaj fn ojtnaal ni sus civnstcklecjins, fnocfj l fnmjrls

    ni ajs tcnm(js ?un inensctli (lrl aanvlr l eloj na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. /stj sn

    trlfuen, cinvctloanmnitn ni uil rnfueec&i fna tcnm(j lsckilfj (lrl aanvlr lfnalitn al

    civnstcklec&i. Lfnms, sn suml na -ne-j fn ?un sugrni elfl vn4 ms (rnsc&i eji ajs

    tcnm(js, (lrl nitrnklr rnsuatlfjs vcscoans eji ml%jr enanrcflf % eji rnfueec&i fn ejstjs

    ni als civnstcklecjins.

    L trlv5s fn uil civnstcklec&i tn&rcel, sn (rntnifn fnmjstrlr euans sji als (rjoanmtcels

    ?un lgrjitli ajs ecnitgcej ni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, la mjmnitj fn aanvlr l

    eloj fce-j (rjensj ni als civnstcklecjins ecnitgcels. Vlmoc5i sn ouse& fntnrmcilr ?u5 rja

    jeu(l al Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn, fnitrj fna fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ni als

    civnstcklecjins.

    Letulamnitn, n;cstni ni na mnrelfj fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn, scstnmls kcans ?un (nrmctni

    aanvlr ui ouni rctmj fn fnslrrjaaj fn (rjfuetjs sjgtlrn. L trlv5s fn al snaneec&i fn

    lakuijs (lttnris fn sjgtlrn ?un jgrnen UE#, sn ousel jgrnenr uil (n?un

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    8/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ifcen

    Fnrne-j fn Lutjr.................................................................................................................... c

    Fnfceltjrcl............................................................................................................................. cc

    Lkrlfnecmcnitj.....................................................................................................................ccc

    >nsumni................................................................................................................................vc

    1ifcen......................................................................................................................................=

    1ifcen fn Caustrlec&i.............................................................................................................8*

    8. Citrjfueec&i......................................................................................................................8)

    8.8. Litnenfnitns............................................................................................................8)

    8.3. Uctulec&i $rjoanmtcel.............................................................................................89

    8.). $rjoanml...................................................................................................................8:

    8.9. Dobntj fn /stufcj.....................................................................................................8:

    8.:. Elm(j fn Leec&i.....................................................................................................8

    8.. Dobntcvjs...................................................................................................................8

    8..8. Dobntcvj kninrla................................................................................................8

    8..3. Dobntcvjs ns(negcejs........................................................................................88.=. Cfnl l Fngnifnr $rj(unstl l !ustcgcelr Ujauec&i l Ejm(rjolr............................8=

    8.O. Fnacmctlec&i fna $rj%netj........................................................................................8=

    8.. L(jrtn $retcej.........................................................................................................8O

    8.8*. L(jrtn Vn&rcej........................................................................................................8O

    8.88. #5tjfjs fn Civnstcklec&i ......................................................................................8

    3. #lrej Ejitn;tula.............................................................................................................38

    3.8. +j 7lik Gruct % UE#............................................................................................383.3. Liacscs fn ajs (rjoanmls josnrvlfjs......................................................................3)

    3.). Litnenfnitns fn (rj%netjs scmcalrns........................................................................))

    ). #lrej Vn&rcej..................................................................................................................):

    ).8 $lttnris......................................................................................................................):

    ).3. $ltrjins l $ltrjins fn UE#.....................................................................................)

    ).). $ltrjins Unaneecjilfjs.............................................................................................98

    ).).8. Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin. ...............................................................................98

    =

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    9/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ).).8.8. Ejitn;tj....................................................................................................98

    ).).8.3. $rjoanml...................................................................................................9)).).8.). $jscoans Ujauecjins...................................................................................9)

    ).).8.9. Ujauec&i.....................................................................................................99

    ).).8.:. Ejiscfnrlecjins........................................................................................9:

    ).).8.. ningcecjs /s(nrlfjs................................................................................9

    ).).3. Citnkrltcji ucaf...............................................................................................9

    ).).3.8. Ejitn;tj....................................................................................................9=

    ).).3.3. $rjoanml...................................................................................................9O).).3.). Ujauec&i.....................................................................................................9O

    ).).3.9. Ejiscfnrlecjins........................................................................................:*

    ).).3.:. ningcecjs /s(nrlfjs................................................................................:8

    9. #jfnaj Vn&rcej................................................................................................................:3

    9.8. Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin.........................................................................................:3

    9.8.8. 2jtl fn +conrlec&i............................................................................................:)

    9.8.3 Vlks....................................................................................................................:9

    9.3. Citnkrltcji ucaf.......................................................................................................::

    9.3.8. Njrs(len Citnkrlfjr.......................................................................................:=

    9.3.3. Vcnm(j fn Citnkrlec&i .....................................................................................:O

    :. Ejiernec&i fna $rjtjtc(j..................................................................................................:

    :.8. Cm(anmnitlec&i fn uil ainl letcvl fn fnslrrjaaj....................................................:

    :.3. Cm(anmnitlec&i fn Citnkrltcji ucaf.......................................................................O

    . Ejieauscjins....................................................................................................................=3

    =. >ngnrniecl coacjkrgcel...................................................................................................=)

    O. coacjkrlgl.......................................................................................................................=:

    . Kajslrcj............................................................................................................................O*

    8*. Lin;j.............................................................................................................................O8

    8*.8. Ujauecjins...............................................................................................................O8

    8*.8.8. Ciceclac4lec&i fna rn(jsctjrcj. .........................................................................O8

    8*.8.3. >nejmniflecjins (lrl utcac4lr Kct.................................................................8

    O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    10/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    8*.8.). >jaaole eji Kct.............................................................................................)

    8*.8.9. >n?ucsctjs (lrl cm(anmnitlr Citnkrltcji ucaf..............................................8*.8.:. >nejmniflecjins la trlolblr eji Citnkrltcji uca.........................................

    8*.3. $rnsnitlec&i............................................................................................................

    8*.3.8. U(nne- (lrl na Njrs-j(................................................................................

    8*.3.3. $lsjs fn al Fnmjstrlec&i fna Njrs-j(........................................................O

    8*.3.). Gcamcils fn al (rnsnitlec&i fna Njrs-j(.....................................................

    8*.). 0lacflec&i fn al $rj(unstl...................................................................................889

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    11/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ifcen fn Caustrleci

    Caustrlec&i 8 Fcstrcouec&i fna tcnm(j ?un (jsnn ui Fnslrrjaalfjr Ecnitgcej..................8)

    Caustrlec&i 3 E&mj sn mlicgcnstl al elrniecl fn -nrrlmcnitls ni na fnslrrjaaj fn

    sjgtlrn................................................................................................................................89

    Caustrlec&i ) Letcvcflfns ?un ejm(jini al Knstc&i fn Ejigckurlec&i............................8:

    Caustrlec&i 9 Ejmuicflf Ecnitgcel..................................................................................8O

    Caustrlec&i : Vrlisgnrniecl fn ejijecmcnitj fnsfn Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn la Elm(j fn

    Civnstcklec&i Ecnitgcel........................................................................................................8

    Caustrlec&i Krgcel fn Erctcecflf % /sgunr4j..................................................................38

    Caustrlec&i = $jscecjilmcnitj fn UE# ni al krgcel fn Erctcecflf ' /sgunr4j.................33

    Caustrlec&i O Fcstrcouec&i fn rn?ucsctjs snk@i fnslrrjaalfjrns ecnitgcejs.......................3)

    Caustrlec&i Fcstrcouec&i fn rn?ucsctjs snk@i Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn.............................39

    Caustrlec&i 8* Fjmcicj fna $rjoanml ejm(rnifcfj sjalmnitn (jr ajs ecnitgcejs..........3:

    Caustrlec&i 88 moctjs snk@i ecnitgcejs .........................................................................3

    Caustrlec&i 83 7nrrlmcnitls uslfls (jr ajs ecnitgcejs.....................................................3=

    Caustrlec&i 8) Eurvl fn L(rnifc4lbn.................................................................................3OCaustrlec&i 89 Glatl fn >nutcac4lec&i fn ejm(jinitns % jtrjs nanmnitjs ni na Ujgtlrn

    Ecnitgcej. ............................................................................................................................3

    Caustrlec&i 8: Vnst ?un rnlac4li ajs ecnitgcejs.................................................................)*

    Caustrlec&i 8 E&mj nitcnifni al (nrgjrmlien ajs ecnitgcejs. .......................................)8

    Caustrlec&i 8= Ujgtlrn fnselrtlfj eulifj gcilac4l al civnstcklec&i ecnitgcel................)3

    Caustrlec&i 8O Gjrmls ni ?un ajs ecnitgcejs lf?ucnrni ejijecmcnitjs (lrl na fnslrrjaaj

    fn sjgtlrn...........................................................................................................................))Caustrlec&i 8 Ejm(anmnitlec&i fn $lttnri.....................................................................):

    Caustrlec&i 3* Kninrlec&i fn $lttnri +likulkn................................................................):

    Caustrlec&i 38 $rjoanml >neurrnitn..................................................................................)

    Caustrlec&i 33 $lttnri +likulkn % $lttnris snaneecjilfjs................................................)=

    Caustrlec&i 3) Gjrmls fn l(acelr ajs (lttnris....................................................................)O

    Caustrlec&i 39 E&mj trlolbl na +nikulbn fn $lttnris........................................................)

    Caustrlec&i 3: #jfcgcelec&i % rjturl fna mlci acin...........................................................98

    8*

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    12/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrlec&i 3 $uitjs fn Ucierjic4lec&i ni na mlci acin...................................................93

    Caustrlec&i 3= #lci +cin eji m@atc(ans rlmcgcelecjins....................................................9)Caustrlec&i 3O lalien nitrn nstlocacflf % (rjkrnsj..........................................................99

    Caustrlec&i 3 Krgcel fn uil Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin..................................................9:

    Caustrlec&i )* Ejm(acelec&i la mjmnitj fn rnlac4lr uil citnkrlec&i..............................9=

    Caustrlec&i )8 2unvj ejm(jinitn ?un kninrl ui (rjoanml ni na mlci acin....................9O

    Caustrlec&i )3 $rjensj fn Citnkrltcji uca........................................................................9

    Caustrlec&i )) #lrelfjrns fn als ejistrueecjins rnlac4lfls fna (rj%netj........................:*

    Caustrlec&i )9 /rrjr ni na #lci +cin.................................................................................:3Caustrlec&i ): 2jtls fn aconrlec&i j ali4lmcnitj.............................................................:)

    Caustrlec&i ) Vlk fn ajs (uitjs DB fn e-n?unj..............................................................:9

    Caustrlec&i )= /rrjr la mjmnitj fn citnkrlr, la mlci acin, ajs ejm(jinitns....................:

    Caustrlec&i )O Njrs(len ?un ejitcnin ajs ejm(jinitns l snr citnkrlfj........................:=

    Caustrlec&i ) ' E&mj guiecjil ejmlifj kct lff................................................................:

    Caustrlec&i 9* ' Vjmlr uil sil(s-jt fna lre-cvj mjfcgcelfj..............................................*

    Caustrlec&i 98 ' E&mj guiecjil ejmlifj kct ejmmct..........................................................8

    Caustrlec&i 93 ' /fctjr fn tn;tj fna ejmmct..........................................................................3

    Caustrlec&i 9) ' D(ecjins fn kulrflfj fna ejmmct..............................................................)

    Caustrlec&i 99 ' Gci fna (rjensj fn ejmmct % rn(jrtn fna ejmmct ?un sn -l rnlac4lfj........9

    Caustrlec&i 9: ' ^tcac4lec&i fna ejmlifj kct tlk..................................................................9

    Caustrlec&i 9 ' Ernlec&i fn tlk % ejrrjojrlec&i fna tlk ernlfj..........................................:

    Caustrlec&i 9= ' ^tcac4lec&i fn kct mnrkn..............................................................................:

    Caustrlec&i 9O ' /bneuec&i fn al j(nrlec&i mnrkn................................................................=

    Caustrlec&i 9 ' Ejrrjojrlec&i fn ?un al j(nrlec&i mnrkn..................................................O

    Caustrlec&i :* ' Un ciceclac4l na rn(jsctjrcj...........................................................................O3

    Caustrlecji :8 ' #nislbn la gcilac4lr al ciceclac4lec&i fna rn(jsctjrcj % ejm(rjolec&i fn al

    ernlec&i fn 5stn....................................................................................................................O)

    Caustrlec&i :3 ' Ciceclac4lec&i. Ejmlifj kct lff.................................................................O9

    Caustrlec&i :) ' Uil(s-jt cicecla fna (rj%netj......................................................................O9

    Caustrlec&i :9 ' Ciceclac4lec&i. Ejmlifj kct ejmmct...........................................................O:

    88

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    13/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrlec&i :: ' Ejmmct fna sil(s-jt cicecla fna (rj%netj...................................................O

    Caustrlec&i : ' Ciceclac4lec&i. Ejmlifj orlie-.................................................................OCaustrlec&i := ' Erlec&i fn al rlml trlolbj..........................................................................O=

    Caustrlec&i :O ' Ejrrjojrlec&i fn ?un sn ern& al rlml % sjorn ?u5 rlml sn nst

    (jscecjilfj...........................................................................................................................O

    Caustrlec&i : ' Elmoclr fn rlml % ejm(rjolec&i fn ?un sn elmoc& fn rlml....................*

    Caustrlec&i * ' Lkrnklifj lre-cvjs mjfcgcelfjs (jr sn(lrlfjs. Cmlkni 8.......................3

    Caustrlec&i 8 ' Lkrnklifj lre-cvjs mjfcgcelfjs (jr sn(lrlfjs. Cmlkni 3.......................)

    Caustrlec&i 3 ' /bneuec&i fna rjaaole fn uil mjfcgcelec&i...............................................9Caustrlec&i ) ' ^slifj ejmlifj ajk (lrl fntnrmcilr al vnrsc&i % vlajr fna ejmmct........9

    Caustrlec&i 9 ' /bneutlifj na rjaaole.................................................................................:

    Caustrlec&i : ' Ejrrjojrlifj ?un sn rntjri& l al vnrsc&i litnrcjr......................................:

    83

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    14/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    15/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    8.3. Uctulec&i $rjoanmtcel

    /a fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej sn vn lgnetlfj (jr uil snrcn fn gletjrns, ajs eulans

    aanvli l ?un sn kninrni (rjoanmls fn fcstcitl ifjan ni nstl rnl.

    /a fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ns aanvlfj lfnalitn (jr ajs (rj(cjs

    ecnitgcejscivnstcklfjrns H3A, fntnetifjsn uil nselsl citnkrlec&i fn ajs ciknicnrjs fn

    sjgtlrn ni ajs n?uc(js fn trlolbj H)A.

    +js ecnitgcejs, la ij (jsnnr ejijecmcnitjs gjrmlans sjorn Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn H)A H:A,

    elrneni fn als -nrrlmcnitls (lrl lgrjitlr ajs rn?unrcmcnitjs fn mnbjrl ni tcnm(js fnnitrnkl, ?un inensctli (lrl ejitciulr eji sus letcvcflfns. +l elrniecl fn cistrumnitjs sn

    mlicgcnstl ni sjgtlrn mjijatcejs, fcgecans fn mlitninr ni na tcnm(j % ejm(acelfjs fn

    mjfcgcelr sc -cecnrn glatl.

    Caustrleci " Emj sn mlicgcnstl al elrniecl fn `nrrlmcnitls ni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtwlrn.

    Lfnms, sn fntnet& ui nselsj usj fn -nrrlmcnitls fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn, scnifj ajs

    CF/s al @icel -nrrlmcnitl fn ml%jr usj n;tnifcfj nitrn ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej HA.

    +l (jorn j iual n;cstniecl fn fjeumnitlec&i gjrmla HA fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, fcgceuatl al

    ejitciulec&i fn 5stn ni na tcnm(j eji n?uc(js fn trlolbj elmoclitn.

    Vrls ui rnsumni fn ajs fcstcitjs gletjrns ?un lgnetli na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej,

    ?unfli fn mlicgcnstj ajs fcstcitjs (rjoanmls ?un sn (rnsnitl ni fce-l rnl fn fnslrrjaaj.

    89

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    16/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    8.). $rjoanml

    +js ecnitgcejs eunitli elfl vn4 eji mnijs tcnm(js (lrl nitrnklr rnsuatlfjs vcscoans %

    j(nrltcvjs l al ejmuicflf H9A. /stj, sumlfj l al glatl fn -nrrlmcnitls fn Ciknicnrl fn

    Ujgtlrn ?un (jsnni ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcejs, -len inenslrcj al

    citrjfueec&i fn elmocjs ?un mnbjrni na (rjensj fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn.

    8.9. Dobntj fn /stufcj

    /a jobntj fn nstufcj (lrl nstn (rj%netj ns al Knstc&i fn Ejigckurlec&i ni na moctj fna

    fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej.

    +l Knstc&i fn Ejigckurlec&i ns uil letcvcflf (rjtnetjrl ?un sn l(acel l aj alrkj fna

    (rjensj fn sjgtlrn. /stl sn ejm(jin fn ui ejibuitj fn letcvcflfns ?un sn -li

    fnslrrjaalfj, l gci fn knstcjilr na elmocj l aj alrkj fna eceaj fn vcfl fna sjgtlrn.

    Caustrleci # Letc$cflfns !un ejmjini al %nstci fn Ejigckurleci &

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    17/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    elacflf ?un sn l(acel l aj alrkj fna (rjensj fn fnslrrjaaj, eji rntjrij ni al civnrsc&i

    cimnfcltl % uil lm(acl l(acelocacflf ni fcgnrnitns fjmcicjs H=A.

    8.:. Elm(j fn Leec&i

    /a elm(j fn leec&i sn enitrl ni na nstufcj fn (ltrjins fna Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji.

    /s(negcelmnitn, sn snaneecjil ui (ltr&i fna Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji, ?un, l(acelfj la

    fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, mnbjrn elacflf % tcnm(js fn nitrnkl.

    8..Dobntcvjs

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    18/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Lfl(tlr fce-j (ltr&i la fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ni na ejitn;tj fna

    (rj%netj.

    0nrcgcelr na (ltr&i (rj(unstj eji uil cm(anmnitlec&i.

    Lilac4lr ajs rnsuatlfjs.

    Kninrlr ejieauscjins.

    8.=. Cfnl l Fngnifnr $rj(unstl l !ustcgcelr Ujauec&i l Ejm(rjolr

    /i na (rnsnitn trlolbj sn trltl fn fngcicr % l(acelr ui (ltr&i fn ejigckurlec&i la fnslrrjaaj

    fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. /a jobntcvj ?un sn (nrsckun ij sjaj ns mnbjrlr al ngcecniecl fna

    fnslrrjaaj, scij tlmoc5i mnbjrlr al (rjfuetcvcflf fn ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej. Fn nstl mlinrl, sn citnitl uil mnbjrl ni ajs tcnm(js fn fnslrrjaaj ni sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej.

    8.O. Fnacmctlec&i fna $rj%netj

    Un rnlac4l ui nstufcj fna nstlfj fna lrtn ni al tnmtcel % uil cm(anmnitlec&i fn uil

    sjauec&i ni na moctj ecnitgcej t5eicej utcac4lifj -nrrlmcnitls, ejmj rn(jsctjrcjs fn

    fltjs % serc(ts nitrn jtrjs. Munfl gunrl fna laelien fn nstn (rj%netj al vnrcgcelec&i

    nm(rcel fn al (rj(unstl.

    8=

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    19/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    8.. L(jrtn $retcej

    Un ns(nrl ?un ajs rnsuatlfjs fn nstn (rj%netj tnikli ui cm(letj fcrnetj fnitrj % gunrl fn

    al ejmuicflf fna C.^.L., oningceclifj l ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej.

    Caustrleci , Ejmuicflf Ecnitgcel.

    Un (rntnifn mnbjrlr al ngcecniecl fn ajs n?uc(js fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, ls

    ejmj tlmoc5i ciernmnitlr na icvna fn (rjfuetcvcflf fn 5stjs.

    8.8*. L(jrtn Vn&rcej

    Vrlisgnrniecl fn ejijecmcnitjs fn al fcsec(acil Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn la fnslrrjaaj fn

    sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. Vrlisgnrcr ejijecmcnitjs ?un snli sniecaajs fn l(acelr % ?un (jsnli ui

    latj cm(letj ni al ngcecniecl fna fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, ls ejmj ni ajs icvnans

    fn (rjfuetcvcflf.

    8O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    20/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci - rlisgnrniecl fn ejijecmcnitj fnsfn Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtwlrn la Elmj fn Ci$nstckleci

    Ecnitgcel.

    Un (alitnl al l(acelec&i fn lakuijs (ltrjins snaneecjilfjs la fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrnecnitgcej. $jr aj tlitj, sn fnbl al (unrtl locnrtl (lrl snkucr rnlac4lifj civnstcklecjins, %l

    snl sjorn nstl mcsml ainl fn trlolbj j sjorn jtrl ainl fn al Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn.

    8.88. #5tjfjs fn Civnstcklec&i

    +l mntjfjajkl fn civnstcklec&i utcac4lfl ns ui liacscs tn&rcej, eji uil vlacflec&i fn al

    (rj(unstl l trlv5s fn uil fnmjstrlec&i.8. /;(ajrlec&i fn (l(nrs, ?un (nrmctli fntnrmcilr na nstlfj fna lrtn ni na fjmcicj fna

    fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej t5eicej, (lrl al cfnitcgcelec&i fn ajs gletjrns

    (rjoanmls.

    3. /;(ajrlec&i fn (jscoans (ltrjins fn ejigckurlec&i.

    ). /alojrlec&i fn al sjauec&i.

    9. $rjtjtc(lfj fn sjauec&i.

    :. Fnmjstrlec&i fn al sjauec&i ejistrucfl.

    8

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    21/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    . >nanvlmcnitj % liacscs fn fltjs.

    3*

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    22/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ". /lrej Ejitn4tula

    3.8. +j 7lik Gruct % UE#.

    /a fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej rn(jrtl uil muatc(acecflf fn (rjoanmls %l rnsunatjs, ni

    na mlrej fn al Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn Hfjeumnitlec&i, tnstcik, knstc&i fn ejigckurlec&i,

    nitrn jtrjsA. /stjs (rjoanmls (unfni ealscgcelrsn r(cflmnitn (jr su erctcecflf % nsgunr4j

    rn?unrcfj (lrl sjauecjilrajs, ns fnecr, (jr na rntjrij ni al civnrsc&i rn?unrcfl (lrl

    sjauecjilrajs.

    Caustrleci ) %rgcel fn Erctcecflf ? 5sgunr6j.

    UE# ns uil fn als tlitls sjauecjins H-nrrlmcnitlA ?un orcifl al Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn %

    ?un (nrmctn ltlelr mue-js fn ajs (rjoanmls ?un rn(jrtl na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej, eji (jej nsgunr4j.

    UE# sn olsl ni ui ejibuitj fn (retcels, mue-ls vnens ij uslfls (jr ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns

    fn sjgtlrn, l (nslr fn ?un lakuils fn naals n;cstni fnsfn -len tcnm(j ni na moctj fn al

    Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn, ?un l%ufli l ciernmnitlr al (rjfuetcvcflf eji mu% (jej

    38

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    23/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    nsgunr4j.

    Caustrleci > 7jscecjilmcnitj fn UE/ ni al krgcel fn Erctcecflf ; 5sgunr6j.

    #ue-ls jrklic4lecjins sunani cm(anmnitlr ciejrrnetlmnitn UE# j fcrnetlmnitn ij aj-leni, ern%nifj ?un su cm(anmnitlec&i vl l cisumcr krlifns nsgunr4js j ejstjs

    mjintlrcjs.

    $lrl (jfnr uslr ejrrnetlmnitn UE#, ni (rcmnrl cistliecl, sn fnon tjmlr ni eunitl ?un

    nst ejm(unstj fn t5eicels % (rjensjs. $jr aj tlitj, la mjmnitj fn cm(anmnitlr UE# j

    lakuils t5eicels j (rjensjs fn UE#, sn fnon ejiscfnrlr ?un (unfn aanklr l vnrsn

    cigaunieclfl (jr lakuijs ls(netjs, tlans ejmj al nstrueturl fn al jrklic4lec&i, al

    lr?uctneturl j als -nrrlmcnitls, nitrn jtrls. Uc nstj ij ns tjmlfj ni eunitl, al l(acelec&i

    fn UE# grlelsl j kninrl snrcjs (rjoanmls tlitj ni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ejmj l icvna

    jrklic4lecjila.

    UE# ns uil -nrrlmcnitl fn suml utcacflf ?un sn l(acel la fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn,

    ns(neclamnitn ni lmocnitns fn fnslrrjaajs kcans, %l ?un rn?ucnrn fn mu% (jej nsgunr4j

    (lrl snr cm(anmnitlfl % (nrmctn rnsjavnr (rjoanmls ertcejs.

    33

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    24/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    3.3. Liacscs fn ajs (rjoanmls josnrvlfjs.

    /a fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej sn nieunitrl cigaunieclfj (jr uil snrcn fn gletjrns ?un

    fli auklr l (rjoanmls fn fcvnrsl ifjan. /stj -len inenslrcj ?un sn fnol ouselr euans sji

    nstjs gletjrns % fn ?u5 gjrml cm(letli ni na fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej.

    La lilac4lr na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej sn josnrvl ?un elrnen fn fjeumnitlec&i,

    gjrmla j cigjrmla, fjifn sn fntlaali ajs rn?ucsctjs ?un sn fnslrrjaalrji ni na (lslfj -lstl

    na (rnsnitn % ajs ?un vnifri. /stj sn fnon l ?un, l mnfcfl ?un al civnstcklec&i lvli4l,

    vli surkcnifj fcstcitls inenscflfns. Lakuils fn nstls fli auklr l ajs rn?ucsctjs fn sjgtlrnHOA.

    Caustrleci ' Fcstrcoueci fn rn!ucsctjs snk0i fnslrrjaalfjrns ecnitgcejs.

    /stl gjrml ?un (jsnni ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej fn mlinblr ajs rn?ucsctjs

    fn sjgtlrn, ejitrlstl eji al gjrml fn mlinblrajs ni al Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn. /stl

    nstloanen ?un, litns fn nm(n4lr na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn, ns inenslrcj tninr fjeumnitlfjs

    ajs rn?ucsctjs fn sjgtlrn.

    3)

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    25/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci 3 Fcstrcoueci fn rn!ucsctjs snk0i Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtwlrn.

    +l glatl fn fjeumnitlec&i sjorn als inenscflfns fn sjgtlrn, -len ?un ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns

    fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ij sn(li eji n;letctuf ?u5 rn?ucsctjs sn -li cm(anmnitlfj % euans

    (nrmlineni (nifcnitns HOA.

    Vlm(jej n;cstn uil fnserc(ec&i fna fjmcicj fn trlolbj. /stj -len ?un sjalmnitn l?unaals

    (nrsjils ?un sn nieunitrli ni ejitletj fcrnetj eji 5stn, sn(li euans sji als inenscflfns

    ejierntls HOA fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. /i nstn elsj, snrli ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej.

    39

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    26/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    27/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    28/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    29/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    30/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    31/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    32/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci V>L2 H88A, ni ousel fn ?un na sjgtlrn ecnitgcej (jsnl uil ounil

    (nrgjrmlien. Fn nstl mlinrl, ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn ui (rjkrlml ecnitgcej (unfni

    enitrlrsn ni guiecjilacflfns ?un lkrnkuni ml%jr gcfnacflf l ajs rnsuatlfjs ?un (rjfuen na

    sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. Vlmoc5i sn nieunitrl ui usj n;tnifcfj fna anikulbn E j EII H88A, (jr

    na mcsmj mjtcvj fnserc(tj litnrcjrmnitn.

    +js fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ij utcac4li (rjkrlmlec&i jrcnitlfl l jobntjs,

    (jr aj tlitj, na (rjkrlml ecnitgcej ?un fnslrrjaali ns mjijatcej H83A. /stj -len ?un na

    sjgtlrn ecnitgcej snl ejm(anbj % fcgeca fn mlitninr ni na tcnm(j. $jr jtrl (lrtn, nstjs

    (rjkrlmls ecnitgcejs sji (rjtjtc(js j vnrscjins ontls H83A. /stj sn fnon l ?un ajs

    ecnitgcejs vni la sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ejmj uil -nrrlmcnitl ms, eu%j @icej (rj(&sctj, la

    ckula ?un na rnstj fn -nrrlmcnitls ?un utcac4li ni sus civnstcklecjins, ns na fn (nrmctcrans

    laeli4lr ajs jobntcvjs fn sus civnstcklecjins H8*A. /s (jr nstj ?un ijrmlamnitn na sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej sunan snr fnselrtlfj H83A, %l ?un uil vn4 gcilac4lfl al civnstcklec&i, elrnen fn

    utcacflf.

    )8

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    33/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci Ujgtwlrn fnselrtlfj eulifj gcilac6l al ci$nstckleci ecnitgcel.

    L (nslr fn al sctulec&i ?un sn fnsercon, mue-ls vnens, fce-j sjgtlrn ecnitgcej slan fna

    moctj lelf5mcej j fn civnstcklec&i ni na ?un sn nieunitrl ecreuiserc(tj % tnrmcil

    ejivcrtc5ifjsn ni ui (rjfuetj ?un inensctl mlitnicmcnitj. /stn snkucmcnitj sjalmnitn

    (unfn snr flfj (jr ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn (rjkrlmls ecnitgcejs, fnocfj l ?un sji ajs

    @icejs ?un ejijeni e&mj sn -l fnslrrjaalfj na mcsmj. $jr jtrl (lrtn, eulifj na sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej ns slelfj fna mlrej fn trlolbj (lrl na eula gun ernlfj, (cnrfn utcacflf H8*A. /stj

    sn fnon l ?un na (rjkrlml ecnitgcej ns @tca @icelmnitn ni na ejitn;tj fn jrckni.

    /a -ne-j fn ?un na sjgtlrn ecnitgcej snl ejiscfnrlfj (jr ajs ecnitgcejs ejmj lakj

    fnselrtloan, -len ?un ajs ciknicnrjs fn sjgtlrn snli rntcenitns l trlolblr eji ajs

    ecnitgcejs % fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcejs. /stj sn fnon l ?un ajs civnstcklfjrns

    ij rnejijeni al (lrtcec(lec&i % l(jrtn ?un ajs ciknicnrjs fn sjgtlrn rnlac4li l als

    civnstcklec&ins ?un sn aanvli lfnalitn H8*A.+js fnslrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcejs elrneni fn ajs ejijecmcnitjs gjrmlans fn

    Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn, ms laa fn ?un lakuijs fn naajs -li nstlfj ejfcgcelifj (jr ms fn

    3* l

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    34/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    lf?ucrcr ajs ejijecmcnitjs ejitrlstl mue-j eji al gjrml ni ?un aj -leni ajs ciknicnrjs fn

    sjgtlrn, ajs eulans, l trlv5s fn uil nfuelec&i gjrmla, lf?ucnrni ajs ejijecmcnitjs (lrlaanvlr l eloj na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn. Dtrl gjrml ?un (jsnni ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn

    sjgtlrn ecnitgcej (lrl lf?ucrcr ajs ejijecmcnitjs, ns l trlv5s fn eursjs fn el(lectlec&i.

    Uci nmolrkj, nstl @atcml gjrml, ij ns lm(aclmnitn uslfl (jr naajs.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    35/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    #nt Dggecn, utcac4loli fcstcitjs (rjensjs % (rjenfcmcnitjs eulifj aanvloli l eloj sus

    civnstcklecjins % fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn, aj ?un fcgceuatlol mue-j na trls(lsj fncigjrmlec&i j al rjtlec&i fn ajs ecnitgcejs nitrn ajs fcstcitjs kru(js fn civnstcklecjins.

    /stl sctulec&i nitjr(nel mue-j na cikrnsj fn iunvjs mcnmorjs j al (lrtcec(lec&i fn

    ejalojrlfjrns n;tnrijs l ajs kru(js fn civnstcklec&i ?un (jsnl al ^B #nt Dggcen, %l ?un

    (lrl (jfnr cikrnslr, tnili ?un l(rnifnr ajs fcstcitjs (rjensjs ?un n;cstli ni nstjs kru(js

    fn civnstcklec&i, ns fnecr, n;cstl uil eurvl fn l(rnifc4lbn.

    Litn nstl sctulec&i, als lutjrcflfns fn al ^B #nt Dggecn fnecfcnrji fnslrrjaalr na Gan;coan

    Ejigckurltcji #lilkmnit. /stn scstnml scm(acgcel al tlrnl fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrnletulifj ejmj uil citnrglen nitrn ajs ecnitgcejs % ajs fcstcitjs sjgtlrn ?un sn utcac4li

    (lrl aanvlr l eloj na fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn fn scmualec&i ecnitgcel. Eji nstn scstnml, sn

    ajkrl mnbjrlr ajs tcnm(js fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn % uicgcelr als fcstcitls -nrrlmcnitls. Un

    mnbjrlrji ls ajs eceajs fn ali4lmcnitj % sn ajkr& rnfuecr al eurvl fn l(rnifc4lbn H33A.

    )9

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    36/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    #. /lrej nrcej

    ).8 $lttnris.

    +js (lttnris sji sjauecjins l (rjoanmls ejieurrnitns ?un sn (rnsnitli ni ui fntnrmcilfj

    ejitn;tj. Elfl uij fn nstjs (lttnri, cifcvcfulamnitn, ejm(anmnitl l jtrj (lttnri.

    Caustrleci

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    37/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci "< 7rjoanml _neurrnitn.

    +l mntl fn ajs (lttnris ns ernlr ui anikulbn ?un l%ufn l ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn l

    rnsjavnr (rjoanmls ?un sji rneurrnitns H89A ni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn. /a anikulbn fn

    (lttnris, ijs (nrmctn ejieltnilr ajs fcstcitjs (lttnris l gci fn (jfnr jotninr ui ml%jr

    oningcecj fn al l(acelec&i fn naajs, ni ns(necla, (lrl fjeumnitlr al lr?uctneturl fn sjgtlrn

    H8)A H89A.

    )

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    38/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci "" 7lttnri :likulkn ? 7lttnris snaneecjilfjs.

    )=

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    39/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ^il ounil lr?uctneturl fn sjgtlrn ns l?unaal, ?un ns lfl(tloan % rnscacnitn l ajs elmocjs

    H89A. +js (lttnris sji tjtlamnitn cifn(nifcnitns fn al -nrrlmcnitl ?un sn utcacen\ -l%-nrrlmcnitls ?un ajs sj(jrtli, mcnitrls ?un jtrls ij aj -leni, j sjalmnitn sj(jrtli

    lakuijs (lttnris. L@i l(acelifj ajs (lttnris fn gjrml mliula j rufcmnitlrclmnitn, sn

    l(jrtli oningcecjs la (rj%netj H8)A.

    Caustrleci "# 9jrmls fn lacelr ajs lttnris.

    +js (lttnris rneconi ijmorns sckicgceltcvjs, ajs eulans ij fli uil cfnl ejien(tula fn

    euans sji ajs (rjoanmls ?un lojrfli H89A. ^i ouni (lttnri tcnin ajs sckucnitns

    ejm(jinitns"

    >nsunavn ui (rjoanml.

    /s ui ejien(tj (rjolfj.

    +l sjauec&i ?un jgrnen ij ns jovcl.

    Fnsercon uil rnalec&i. $jsnn ui ejm(jinitn sckicgceltcvlmnitn -umlij H89A.

    L nstls elrletnrstcels ?un fnon rnuicr ui ouni (lttnri, sn an fnoni sumlr ajs sckucnitns

    ejien(tjs"

    _tca Hijs munstrl e&mj nstl cistliecl fna (lttnri sn mltnrclac4l ni na muifj rnlaA.

    Mun sn (unfl uslr Htrlisgjrml al actnrlturl fna (lttnri ni ui ejien(tj ?un rnscfn ni

    iunstrl mnitnA.

    )O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    40/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ^slfj Hfn nstl gjrml sn l(acel la muifj rnlaA H89A.

    /a anikulbn fn (lttnris ns uil ejaneec&i fn (lttnris ?un trlolbli ni ejibuitj (lrl rnsjavnrui (rjoanml ejm(anbj. /stj snrl cm(jscoan fn rnlac4lr utcac4lifj sjalmnitn ui (lttnri.

    Caustrleci ", Emj trlol+l na :nikul+n fn 7lttnris.

    /a anikulbn fn (lttnri cieau%n rnkals % kuls, ?un cifceli euifj % e&mj fnoni snr

    l(acelfjs ajs (lttnris H89A.

    ).3. $ltrjins l $ltrjins fn UE#.

    Eji na lfvnicmcnitj fn als mntjfjajkls kcans, fnitrj fn al ciknicnrl fn sjgtlrn, na usj

    fn (ltrjins -l n;enfcfj na moctj fn al lr?uctneturl fn sjgtlrn (lrl (lslr l snr utcac4lfjs

    ejmj -nrrlmcnitls (lrl rn(rnsnitlr (rjensjs fn fnslrrjaaj, tnlmjr, oucaf mlilknmnit,

    rnvcn, nitrn jtrjs. /stj -l aanvlfj l ?un, l (nslr fn ?un als -nrrlmcnitls scm(acgceli

    mue-j ajs (rjensjs, ij snl sugcecnitn (lrl ajkrlr jrklic4lecjins n;ctjsls ni na fnslrrjaaj

    fn sjgtlrn, % sn -len inenslrcl al l(acelec&i fn (ltrjins (lrl UE#.

    scelmnitn, ni eula?ucnr rnl fjifn n;cstli (rjensjs % ejm(jrtlmcnitjs ?un civjauerli

    )

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    41/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    sjauecjins rn(ntctcvls % ni fcstcitjs kru(js fn trlolbj, ajs (ltrjins sji uil (jfnrjsl

    -nrrlmcnitl fn ejmuicelec&i ?un (nrmctn mnbjrlr al ngcecniecl fn ajs kru(js fn trlolbj./stj sn fnon l ?un ajs (ltrjins sji (lrtceualrmnitn ounijs (lrl fnsercocr (rjensjs %

    fntnrmcilfjs ls(netjs fn ecnrtls (retcels fn ciknicnrl fn sjgtlrn, eji na gci fn ?un snli

    utcac4lfls ngcecnitnmnitn (jr ajs kru(js fn trlolbj la mjmnitj fn l(acelr UE#.

    /i na l

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    42/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    eji uil l(acelocacflf fcrnetl l lakuijs fn ajs (rjoanmls ?un sn fnserconi ni na el(tuaj

    #lrej Ejitn;tula. /s(negcelmnitn, sn ousel mnbjrlr al ngcecniecl % (rjfuetcvcflf ni nafnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, lfl(tlifj nstjs (ltrjins, fn leunrfj la mlrej

    ejitn;tula ni na eula vli l snr cm(anmnitlfjs, ?un ns na elm(j fn Civnstcklec&i Ecnitgcel.

    ).). $ltrjins Unaneecjilfjs.

    #.#.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    43/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    (rj%netj. Eulitj ml%jr snl al elitcflf fn mcnmorjs ?un citnrvnikli ni na fnslrrjaaj fna

    (rj%netj, ml%jr snr al inenscflf fn ejmuicelec&i Hni al (rjfueec&i fn sjgtlrnecnitgcej, ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns mue-ls vnens sunani niejitrlrsn ni fcstcitls ajelac4lecjinsA

    nitrn ajs mcnmorjs fna kru(j fn fnslrrjaaj. /stl inenscflf fn ejmuicelec&i, aanvl l ?un sn

    tnikli ?un nstloanenr (uitjs fn scierjic4lec&i l aj alrkj fna (rj%netj, eji al gcilacflf fn

    ?un na fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn j ajs fcstcitjs ejm(jinitns sjgtlrn, ejivnrbli ni fce-js

    (uitjs.

    Caustrleci ") 7uitjs fn Ucierjic6leci ni na mlci acin.

    Eulifj sn nstloaneni nstjs (uitjs fn scierjic4lec&i, n;cstn na rcnskj fn ?un sn kninrni

    (uitjs munrtjs ni na (rj%netj j ui oaj?unj Hni ajs fnslrrjaajs fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej,

    mue-ls vnens, ajs (rj%netjs ?unfli l elrkj fn jtrj ecnitgcej j iunvjs citnkrlitns fna

    kru(j fn civnstcklec&i, %l ?un sunan -lonr latj ifcen fn rjtlec&iA, sc ns ?un ij sn

    ejjrfcili lfneulflmnitn ajs nsgunr4js fn trlolbj H8)A.

    93

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    44/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    5.5.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    45/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Cieausj sn (unfn fnblr acorn leensj la e&fckj fna (rj%netj, (lrl ?un elfl fnslrrjaalfjr fn

    sjgtlrn rnlacen als mjfcgcelecjins % e-necik ?un snli inenslrcjs. Uci nmolrkj, nstj -len?un na e&fckj fna (rj%netj (cnrfl vlajr % elrn4el fn utcacflf. Dtrj rneursj ?un sn (unfn

    utcac4lr ns na fn mjfcgcelr al lr?uctneturl fna sjgtlrn, lui?un sckun altnitn al (jscocacflf

    fn ?un sn aankun l rjm(nr na e&fckj fna (rj%netj H8)A.

    5.5.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    46/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci "3 %rgcel fn uil Letc$n Fn$najmnit :cin &

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    47/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    5.5.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    48/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci #2 Ejmaceleci la mjmnitj fn rnlac6lr uil citnkrleci &

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    49/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    5.5.?.?. Trjoanm

    /a aanvlr lfnalitn uil ejistrueec&i ejm(antl % acm(cl fna scstnml tjml tcnm(j\ sci

    nmolrkj, nsn tcnm(j ns mue-j mnijr ?un na tcnm(j ?un (cnrfn na kru(j fn fnslrrjaaj fn

    sjgtlrn ni rnsjavnr ajs (rjoanmls Hni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, sn fnon fnstcilr

    (lrtn fna (nrcjfj fn civnstcklec&i, l al rnsjauec&i fn ajs (rjoanmls ni na e&fckj A ?un sn

    kninrli, (jr?un ajs elmocjs ?un sn rnlac4li tnrmcili (jr rjm(nr al ejistrueec&i fna

    scstnml H8)A.

    Caustrleci #< un$j ejmjinitn !un kninrl ui rjoanml ni na mlci acin.

    Lakuijs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn tcnifni l fnslrrjaalr sus e&fckjs sjorn jtrjs

    ejm(jinitns He&fckjsA %, uil vn4 ?un gcilac4li eji na fnslrrjaaj, rnec5i (rjenfni l

    trlolblr ni al citnkrlec&i fn al ejistrueec&i.

    Lfnms, sunan snr grustrlitn (lrl ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns na tninr ?un rlstrnlr l?unaajs elmocjs

    ciejiscstnitns Hajs ejm(jinitns sjgtlrn ?un sn (rjfueni ni na moctj ecnitgcej, la

    mjmnitj fn citnkrlrsn (rjfueni (rjoanmlsA ?un sn nieunitrli (rnsnitns ni na sjgtlrn

    fnslrrjaalfj H8)A.

    5.5.?.5. Uja#$"&i

    Eulifj ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn rnlac4li e-necik fn ajs elmocjs, n;cstn al

    (jscocacflf fn ?un sn citrjfu4eli nrrjrns ni als ejistrueecjins, (jr aj tlitj, ns mnbjr

    rnlac4lr uil ejistrueec&i ejm(antl fna scstnml ?un sn nst fnslrrjaalifj.

    $lrl aanvlr lfnalitn nstj, al ejistrueec&i fna scstnml fnon ngnetulrsn ni ui ns(lecj fn

    9O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    50/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    trlolbj ?un ejitnikl tjfjs ajs ejm(jinitns l citnkrlrsn (lrl lrmlr al oucaf H8)A.

    Caustrleci #" 7rjensj fn Citnkrltcji Duca &

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    51/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    lre-cvjs % ejistru%nifj na scstnml. Eula?ucnr nrrjr ?un sn (rjfu4el furlitn na lrmlfj fna

    scstnml, ns rn(jrtlfj l al ejistrueec&i mlnstrl, ls ejmj l al (nrsjil rns(jisloan fn -lonrnbneutlfj fce-j elmocj ?un sn aanv& l eloj H8)A.

    5.5.?.%. Eji!"(nr$"jin!

    Eulifj sn usl nstn (lttnri, ns inenslrcj lsnkurlrsn fn ?un tjfjs ajs elmocjs %

    fn(nifniecls sji ejistrucfjs uslifj ui (rjensj enitrla fn ejistrueec&i citnkrlfjr. stn

    fnon snr" >n(rjfuecoan.

    +j ms enrelij (jscoan l al vnrsc&i gcila fna (rjfuetj.

    Lutjmltc4lfj j rn?unrcr fn al mnijr citnrvniec&i (jscoan fn trlolbj mliula.

    $jsnnr ijtcgcelecjins j lak@i jtrj mnelicsmj ?un (nrmctl cfnitcgcelr nrrjrns n

    ciejiscstniecls.

    Uc na scstnml fn ejitrja ij snrclac4l lfneulflmnitn ajs elmocjs ?un sn rnlac4li la scstnml,

    sn (unfn aanklr l ejistrucr ui scstnml eji glaals, fnocfj l als ciejiscstniecls ?un (rnsnitlna e&fckj. /s (jr nstn mjtcvj ?un sn rnejmcnifl cfnitcgcelr eji mlrelfjrns als

    ejistrueecjins ?un sn rnlac4li.

    Caustrleci ## /lrelfjrns fn als ejistrueecjins rnlac6lfls fna rj?netj.

    Vlmoc5i ns ounij tninr ni eunitl ?un al citnkrlec&i fn ejistrueec&i fnon snr rn(ntcfl ni

    :*

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    52/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    tjfls als (altlgjrmls ?un sj(jrtn na scstnml H8)A.

    5.5.?.'. *nin+"$"j! N!,nr(j!

    Eji al citnkrltcji oucaf, ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej mnbjrli al ngcecniecl fna

    fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej % fn al civnstcklec&i ecnitgcel. L trlv5s fn al citnkrltcji

    oucaf, ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej sn lsnkurli fn ?un ajs ejm(jinitns % al

    ejistrueec&i eunitli eji na icvna fn elacflf lfneulfj. /stj sn fnon l ?un sn rnlac4li

    tnstcik (rnvcjs, eji na gci fn vnrcgcelr ?un ajs ejm(jinitns eunitli eji na icvna fn elacflflfneulfj (lrl citnkrlrajs la mlci acin. Vlmoc5i sn enrtcgcel ?un al ejistrueec&i fna

    scstnml sn rnlac4l ejrrnetlmnitn, la ejm(rjolr ?un sn eunitl eji al @atcml vnrsc&i fn

    tjfjs ajs ejm(jinitns (lrl aanvlr l eloj al ejistrueec&i. Un nstloaneni ajs tcnm(js ?un

    fnmjrl al citnkrlec&i %, ni olsn l nsjs tcnm(js, sn fngcin euifj sn rnlac4l na (rjensj fn

    citnkrlec&i Huil j vlrcls vnens la flA. Fn 5stl gjrml, sn mnbjrl al ngcecniecl fna fnslrrjaaj

    fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, %l ?un ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej ij (cnrfni tcnm(j

    rnlac4lifj citnkrlecjins ciinenslrcls j ns(nrlifj ?un nstls gcilaceni.

    L trlv5s fn al Citnkrltcji ucaf, sn (unfni citnkrlr als fcstcitls mjfcgcelecjins la scstnml,

    eji al snkurcflf fn ?un eula?ucnr glaal ?un sn (rjfu4el, snr ltrl(lfl % sjauecjilfl l

    tcnm(j, nvctlifj al rjturl fna scstnml.

    :8

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    53/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ,. /jfnaj nrcej

    9.8. Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin

    /a sjgtlrn vl elmoclifj eji na tcnm(j. /stj sn fnon l ?un sn lm(al j mnbjrl als

    guiecjilacflfns ?un fce-j sjgtlrn jgrnen, fnocfj l ?un als inenscflfns fn ajs usulrcjs

    vli mjfcgceifjsn eji na tcnm(j, ejmj tlmoc5i aj -leni als (cn4ls -lrflrn % ajs fnms

    sjgtlrn H(rjkrlmls, UD, nte. A. $lrl nvctlr (rjoanmls la mjmnitj fn aanvlr l eloj als

    mjfcgcelecjins, ni vn4 fn trlolblr sjorn al ainl (rciec(la fn fnslrrjaaj, sn utcac4l ui

    Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin, l gci fn (rnsnrvlr na mlci acin fn (jscoans nrrjrns.

    /a sjgtlrn ecnitgcej sugrn elmocjs ejistlitns, %l snl (jr?un ajs mjfnajs fn scmualec&i

    nvjauecjili j (jr?un ns inenslrcj lm(aclr als guiecjilacflfns ?un jgrnen. $nrj ajs

    fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej rnlac4li nstls mjfcgcelecjins sjorn na mlci acin, eji

    aj eula sn citrjfueni nrrjrns ni na e&fckj (rjfuec5ifjsn glaajs ni na mlci acin, aanvlifj l

    ?un na sjgtlrn ecnitgcej glaan.

    Caustrleci #, 5rrjr ni na /lci :cin.

    :3

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    54/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    $jr aj tlitj, ejmj sjauec&i, sn rnejmcnifl al utcac4lec&i fna (lttnri Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit

    +cin, eji als sckucnitns lfl(tlecjins"

    ,.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    55/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    -ne-j -lstl nsn (uitj fn e-n?unj, fna Letcvn Fnvnaj(mnit +cin. Eji nstls ijtls fn

    aconrlec&i, ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej vli l (jfnr fntnrmcilr eua fn nsjs(uitjs fn e-n?unj ns fn utcacflf (lrl snkucr lfnalitn eji na fnslrrjaaj fn ejm(jinitns ?un

    vcnini rnlac4lifj. scelmnitn, eji als ijtls fn aconrlec&i sn (unfn nvlaulr sc na @atcmj

    (uitj fn e-n?unj (jsnn utcacflf j sc sn fnoni rnmctcr l ui (uitj fn e-n?unj (rnvcj ni na

    letcvn fnvnaj(mnit acin.

    ,.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    56/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    /stjs tlks vli l (jsnnr na i@mnrj fn vnrsc&i fna (uitj fn e-n?unj. Eji nstjs tlks, aj ?un

    sn ousel ns mlrelr l?unaajs (uitjs DB fna letcvn fnvnaj(mnit acin, (lrl nstloanenr -lstl?u5 (uitj fn e-n?unj sn vl l sjmntnr l uil j(nrlec&i mnrkn, eji na gci fn lkrnklr als

    mjfcgcelecjins la mlci acin. Fn nstl gjrml, sn klrlitc4l ?un fce-js (uitjs fn e-n?unj

    (jsnni na icvna fn elacflf lfneulfj (lrl snr lkrnklfjs la mlci acin, sci lgnetlr al elacflf %

    nstlocacflf fn 5stn ni na (rj%netj.

    +ls ijtls fn aconrlec&i % tlks, mnbjrli na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, %l ?un nvctli

    ?un na mlci acin sugrl ajs nrrjrns ?un sn kninrli (jr als mjfcgcelecjins ?un aanvli lfnalitn

    ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej.

    9.3. Citnkrltcji ucaf.

    /a sjgtlrn sugrn mjfcgcelecjins l aj alrkj fna tcnm(j eji al gcilacflf fn sjauecjilr ouks

    j lkrnklr ml%jr guiecjilacflf la sjgtlrn. Elfl fnslrrjaalfjr fn sjgtlrn trlolbl ni ui

    ejm(jinitn fn sjgtlrn n;cstnitn j fnslrrjaal ui iunvj ejm(jinitn, (nrj nstj aj -len ni

    su (rj(cj jrs(len. Fn nstl gjrml, sn nvctli ajs (jtnieclans ejigacetjs nitrn ajsejm(jinitns ?un sn nsti fnslrrjaalifj. L (nslr fn nstj, ms lfnalitn, fce-js

    ejm(jinitns fnoni citnkrlrsn la mlci acin (lrl ejistrucr na scstnml. $jr aj tlitj, ij

    n;cstni klrlitls fn ?un ajs ejm(jinitns (unfli guiecjilr ejrrnetlmnitn eulifj sn

    rnlacen al citnkrlec&i eji na mlci acin. /stj fl ejmj rnsuatlfj ?un sn (rjfu4eli nrrjrns ni

    na scstnml j ?un fcrnetlmnitn na scstnml glaan Hsn rjm(lA.

    +l sctulec&i ?un sn fnsercon ni na (rrlgj litnrcjr, suenfn eji grneuniecl ni na fnslrrjaaj

    fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, (unstj ?un ajs fnslrrjaalfjrns fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej trlolbli fn

    gjrml fcstrcoucfl, eji aj eula, la mjmnitj fn citnkrlr ajs ejm(jinitns, surkni nrrjrns ni

    al ejistrueec&i.

    ::

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    57/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci #> 5rrjr la mjmnitj fn citnkrlr la mlci acin ajs ejmjinitns.

    $jr fce-j mjtcvj, sn (rj(jin al utcac4lec&i fna (lttnri Citnkrltcji ucaf, eji als sckucnitns

    lfl(tlecjins"

    :

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    58/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ,.".

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    59/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ,.".". cnmj fn Citnkrleci

    Un fngcicr elfl euitj tcnm(j sn vl l rnlac4lr na (rjensj fn citnkrlec&i. $lrl nstj, ns

    inenslrcj nstloanenr ajs tcnm(js ?un tjml rnlac4lr al citnkrlec&i. Uc na (rjensj fn

    citnkrlec&i aanvl mnijs fn 3 mciutjs, nitjiens sn (unfn citnkrlr fns(u5s fn elfl e-necik

    ?un sn rnlacen fna ejm(jinitn fnslrrjaalfj. /i elmocj sc ns su(nrcjr l ajs 3 mciutjs, al

    citnkrlec&i sn vl l rnlac4lr uil vn4 (jr fl.

    Eji nstl mjfcgcelec&i, na fnslrrjaalfjr fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej (unfn mlitninr ui ouni

    rctmj fn fnslrrjaaj, nvctlifj (5rfcfls fn tcnm(j.

    ^i jrs(len ?un ejienitrl ajs ejm(jinitns l snr citnkrlfjs % al fngcicec&i fn ajs

    tcnm(js fn citnkrlec&i, (nrmctn jotninr nstlocacflf ni na fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn ecnitgcej,

    l al vn4 ?un sn lsnkurl ?un na icvna fn glaajs sn vnl rnfuecfj.

    :O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    60/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    -. Ejierneci fna 7rjtjtcj.

    :.8. Cm(anmnitlec&i fn uil ainl letcvl fn fnslrrjaaj.

    L trlv5s fn ui scstnml fn ejitrja fn vnrsc&i, sn (unfni kninrlr fcstcitls rlmls fn trlolbj.

    /stls rlmls ?un sn kninrli, (unfni snr ejiscfnrlfls ejmj uil ainl letcvl fn fnslrrjaaj.

    Elfl vn4 ?un sn rnlaceni mjfcgcelecjins laajs lre-cvjs, sn (rjenfn l tjmlr ui sil(s-jt

    fn ajs lre-cvjs eji na ejmlifj kct lff ijmorn fna lre-cvjW.

    Caustrleci #3 ; Emj guiecjil ejmlifj kct lff.

    Elfl vn4 ?un sn rnlaceni mjfcgcelecjins % (runols, sn (rjenfn l lkrnklr na lre-cvj

    mjfcgcelfj eji na ejmlifj kct lff ijmorn fna lre-cvjW H3*A.

    :

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    61/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,2 ; jmlr uil sils`jt fna lre`c$j mjfcgcelfj.

    ^il vn4 ?un sn tjml al sil(s-jt, sn (rjenfn l rnlac4lr na ejmmct, (lrl lkrnklr na sil(s-jt

    fna lre-cvj mjfcgcelfj l al ainl fn (runol. $lrl nstj sn vl l nbneutlr na ejmlifj kct

    ejmmct H3*A .

    *

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    62/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,< ; Emj guiecjil ejmlifj kct ejmmct.

    Eji al nbneuec&i fn nstn ejmlifj, sn lorn ui nfctjr fn tn;tj, fjifn sn nsercon al vnrsc&i

    fna lre-cvj % ajs ouks ejrrnkcfjs -lstl nsn (uitj. $lrl kulrflr na tn;tj nserctj, (rcmnrj sn

    fnoni (rnscjilr als tneals etra I j, aunkj sn ejigcrml (rnscjilifj als tneals etra I m % (jr

    @atcmj, (lrl ?un sn nbneutn na ejmmct, sn fnon slacr (rnscjilifj al ejmocilec&i fn tnealsetra I ; H3*A.

    8

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    63/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ," ; 5fctjr fn tn4tj fna ejmmct.

    3

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    64/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,# ; *ecjins fn kulrflfj fna ejmmct.

    )

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    65/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,, ; 9ci fna rjensj fn ejmmct ? rnjrtn fna ejmmct !un sn `l rnlac6lfj.

    $lrl mlrelr l?unaajs (uitjs ?un sn nieunitrli DBnstloans ni al rlml fn trlolbj, sn

    utcac4lri tlks. +js mcsmjs ejitcnini al vnrsc&i fna lre-cvj mjfcgcelfj. $lrl lkrnklr tlks

    l ajs (uitjs fn e-n?unj DB, sn utcac4l na ejmlifj kct tlk ijmornW H3*A, fjifn

    ijmornW vl l snr al vnrsc&i fna lre-cvj mjfcgcelfj.

    Caustrleci ,- ; Gtcac6leci fna ejmlifj kct tlk.

    9

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    66/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,) ; Ernleci fn tlk ? ejrrjojrleci fna tlk ernlfj.

    $lrl lkrnklr ajs elmocjs rnlac4lfjs ni al rlml trlolbj Hletcvn fnvnaj(mnit acinA l al rlml

    mlstnr Hmlci acinA, sn usl na ejmlifj mnrkn. $rnvcj l nbneutlr al j(nrlec&i mnrkn, ns

    inenslrcj nstlr (jscecjilfj ni al rlml mlstnr. /stj aj -lenmjs eji na ejmlifj kct

    e-nejut mlstnr. ^il vn4 (jscecjilfj ni al rlml mlstnr, sn (rjenfn l nbneutlr al

    j(nrlec&i mnrkn eji na ejmlifj kct mnrkn trlolbj H3*A.

    Caustrleci ,> ; Gtcac6leci fn kct mnrkn.

    $lrl vnrcgcelr sc sn -li lkrnklfj als fcstcitls vnrscjins, sn utcac4l na ejmlifj

    kct ajk ' 'jinacin. $jr @atcmj, sn rntjril l al rlml trlolbj eji na ejmlifj

    kct e-nejut trlolbj.

    :

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    67/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    /bnm(aj fn serc(t ?un nbneutl al j(nrlec&i mnrkn"

    [P ociols-

    [ $jscecjilmcnitj sjorn na fcrnetjrcj fjifn

    [ sn nieunitrl na rn(jsctjrcj

    ef -jmngbeFjeumnitjs/;(nrcmnitjsEjfckj

    [/bneuec&i fna ejmlifj mnrknkct e-nejut mlstnr

    kct mnrkn t

    kct e-nejut t

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    68/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,' ; 5+neueci fn al jnrleci mnrkn.

    =

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    69/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ,3 ; Ejrrjojrleci fn !un al jnrleci mnrkn.

    Eji al ernlec&i fn uil rlml ni na rn(jsctjrcj, sn ajkrl cm(anmnitlr na letcvn fnvnaj(mnit

    acin HtrlolbjA % na mlci acin HmlstnrA, (nrmctcnifj al utcac4lec&i fna (lttnri letcvn

    fnvnaj(mnit acin.

    :.3. Cm(anmnitlec&i fn Citnkrltcji ucaf

    $lrl ?un al citnkrlec&i fn als mjfcgcelecjins snl ejrrnetl, ns guiflmnitla aanvlr l eloj

    fjs (rjensjs fn citnkrlec&i, uij ajela (lrl ejrrjojrlr su ejrrnetl ejistrueec&i % jtrj eji

    na mlci acin (lrl vnrcgcelr ?un sn citnkrli (nrgnetlmnitn.

    $rcmnrj sn fnon vnrcgcelr ?un sn (jsnni tjfjs ajs ejm(jinitns inenslrcjs ni iunstrj

    O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    70/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    jrs(len Holsn fn fltjs, acornrls, nteA. Fns(u5s fn ejrrjojrlr nstj, sn nbneutl al

    ejm(calec&i % lrmlfj fn al oucaf ejrrns(jifcnitn l iunstrj jrs(len, (lrl ejitciulr ejial rnlac4lec&i fn ajs tnst (alicgcelfjs l gci fn ejistltlr ?un al oucaf sn -l ejistrucfj

    n;letlmnitn % (jsnn na krlfj fn elacflf inenslrcj (lrl snr lkrnklfl la mlci acin.

    +unkj, tnrmcilfl al citnkrlec&i fn iunstrj jrs(len, sn vl l cm(jrtlr l 5a al @atcml

    vnrsc&i fna e&fckj % fnms ejm(jinitns ?un sn nieunitrni ni na mlci acin. Ejieaucfl

    nstl, sn cicecl na mnrkn fn ajs ejm(jinitns cm(jrtlfjs eji iunstrl rlml fn fnslrrjaaj, l

    gci fn (jfnr rnlac4lr al ejm(calec&i % lrmlfj fn al oucaf.

    $jstnrcjrmnitn, sn sjmntn al oucaf l ajs tnst, eji na jobntcvj fn vnrcgcelr ?un sn -lcitnkrlfj (nrgnetlmnitn eji ajs ejm(jinitns fna mlci acin.

    Gcilamnitn, sc (lsl sltcsgletjrclmnitn ajs tnst, sn (rjenfn l rnlac4lr na ejmmct fn al oucaf %

    aunkj sn nbneutl na mnrkn eji na mlci acin H38A. /i elsj fn ij (lslr ajs tnst, sn fnonr

    rnvcslr % ejrrnkcr na e&fckj l gci fn (jfnr jotninr uil oucaf ni ejifcecjins, (lrl snr

    citnkrlfl la mlci acin.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    71/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    /bnm(aj fn ui serc(t ?un rnlac4l al citnkrltcji oucaf"

    [P ociols-

    [ 2js (jscecjilmjs

    ef -jmngbeFjeumnitjs/;(nrcmnitjsEjfckjEjfckjS Gjrtrli

    [ /i nstn l(lrtlfj vl al vnrcgcelec&i fn ?un sn tcnini

    [ tjfjs ajs ejm(jinitns inenslrcjs (lrl rnlac4lr al[ citnkrlec&i.

    [

    [ Un (rjenfn l rnlac4lr al ejm(calec&i fna e&fckj gunitn % lrmlfj fna

    [ nbneutloan j oucaf.

    rnlf '( RCikrnsn na ijmorn fna ejfckj gunitn eji n;tnisc&i cieaucfl" R G^/2V/

    rnlf '( RCikrnsn na ijmorn ?un fnsnl flran la lre-cvj nbneutloan" R 2L#/

    kgjrtrli G^/2V/ 'j 2L#/.n;n

    [ /i nstn l(lrtlfj sn aanvli l eloj ajs tnst tnifcnitns l nvlaulr

    [ al oucaf

    [

    [ /i nstn l(lrtlfj sn (rjenfn l cm(jrtlr al @atcml vnrsc&i fna

    [ mlci acin

    [

    [ Un (rjenfn l rnlac4lr iunvlmnitn al ejm(calec&i fna e&fckj gunitn

    [ % lrmlfj fna nbneutloan j oucaf.

    rnlf '( RCikrnsn na ijmorn fna ejfckj gunitn eji n;tnisc&i cieaucfl" R G^/2V/

    rnlf '( RCikrnsn na ijmorn ?un fnsnl flran la lre-cvj nbneutloan" R 2L#/

    =*

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    72/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    kgjrtrli G^/2V/ 'j 2L#/.n;n

    [ /i nstn l(lrtlfj sn (rjenfn l rnlac4lr ajs tnst (nrtcinitns l al

    [ oucaf

    [

    +l citnkrltcji oucaf ijs (nrmctn jotninr uil ejistrueec&i fna scstnml, eji al snkurcflf fn

    ?un (jsnn na icvna fn elacflf lfneulfj (lrl snr citnkrlfj la mlci acin, lfnms fnciernmnitlr na icvna fn ngcecniecl % (rjfuetcvcflf fna kru(j fn fnslrrjaaj fn sjgtlrn

    ecnitgcej.

    =8

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    73/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ). Ejieauscjins

    /stn (rj%netj surkc& fn al inenscflf fn fntnrmcilr ajs gletjrns ?un lgnetl na tcnm(j fn

    fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej. stn ns uij fn ajs (calrns fn als civnstcklecjins

    ecnitgcels n cm(letl ni al ngcecniecl fn als civnstcklecjins.

    L aj alrkj fna (rj%netj, sn ejrrjojrl al nselsl citnkrlec&i ?un n;cstn nitrn na elm(j fn

    Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn % Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej. /stj aanvl l ?un sn kninrni

    glaniecls ni na fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej, ?un rn(nreutn ni na tcnm(j fn

    civnstcklec&i.$lrl mnbjrlr nstl sctulec&i, l trlv5s fn nstn trlolbj sn (rj(jin al utcac4lec&i fn lakuijs

    (ltrjins fn Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilkmnit. /stl -nrrlmcnitl fn Ciknicnrl fn

    Ujgtlrn (nrmctn aanvlr l eloj fnslrrjaajs kcans, (jscocactlifj mnbjrlr na tcnm(j fn

    fnslrrjaaj fna sjgtlrn ecnitgcej.

    Ejmj rnsuatlfj fn nstn trlolbj, sn nalojrj uil sjauec&i ?un gun cm(anmnitlfl l trlv5s fn

    ui (rjtjtc(j, na eula gun mjstrlfj ni na J$rcmnr NjrU-j(" /a Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn ni

    lmocnitns Ecnitgcejs % V5eicejsT.

    $jr uatcmj, eji al cigjrmlec&i rnejanetlfl ni al fnmjstrlec&i % jotnicfl ni na mlrej fn

    civnstcklec&i rnlac4lfl ni nstn trlolbj, ?unfl (alsmlfj ui elmcij (lrl snkucr rnlac4lifj

    civnstcklecjins ?un ejitrcou%li l mnbjrlr al citnkrlec&i nitrn al Cikniclrl fn Ujgtlrn %

    na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej.

    =3

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    74/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    >. _ngnrniecl Dcoacjkrgcel

    H8A Fclin Bnaa% % >noneel Ulifnrs. Lssnsscik t-n Mulact% jg Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn. Ci Gcrst

    Citnriltcjila Njrs-j( ji Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik gjr Ejm(utltcjila Uecnien X

    /ikcinnrcik H3**OA.

    H3A Flvcf Njjaalrf, E-rcs L. #lttmlii, Flicna $j(nseu % 2nilf #nfvcfjvce. BLF>/"

    Fjmlci'U(necgce Lre-ctneturla >nejvnr% Gjr Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn U%stnms. LE# 3*8*.

    H)A Fclin G. Bnaa%. L Ujgtlrn E-lsm" Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik lif Uecnitcgce Ejm(utcik.

    C/// Ejm(utnr Ujecnt% 3**=.

    H9A # l r t c i # l e l % lif ! j - i # e E l a a. V-n Vne-ijajk% >nvjautcji Cs ct

    $l%ole VcmnQ. uscinss rcngcik" $-lrmltne- 3**9.

    H:A Citnriltcjila Gnfnrltcji Gjr Cigjrmltcji $rjensscik. Fcstcietcvn e-lrletnrcstces jg

    Uecnitcgce L((aceltcjis. Dttll Det. 3'9 3***.

    -tt(".ise.acu.sn]ojncicgc(jejOYfe.-tma

    HA +un 2ku%ni'7jli, U-l%in Gacit, >lmns- Ulilrlilrl%lil. L Uurvn% jg Uecnitcgce

    Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit. LE#'C/// Citnriltcjila U%m(jscum ji /m(crcela Ujgtlrn/ikcinnrcik lif #nlsurnmnit 3*8*.

    H=A >jknr U. $rnssmli. Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn. ^i /igj?un $retcej. Un;tl /fcec&i.

    #n;cej" #eKrl'7caa Citnrlmnrcelil\ 3**=. (.='O3).

    HOA Unkla, !ufct- H3**OA. Ci" Trj$nn("i-! j+ tn T!/$jaj-/ j+ Trj-rmm"i- Citnrn!t

    Krj#,4 TTCK , 8*'83' Un(tnmonr 3**O, ^icvnrsct% jg +lielstnr, ^B.

    HA+un 2ku%ni'7jli, U-l%in Gacit, >lmns- Ulilrlilrl%lil. L Uurvn% jg Uecnitcgce

    Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit. LE#'C/// Citnriltcjila U%m(jscum ji /m(crcela Ujgtlrn/ikcinnrcik lif #nlsurnmnit 3*8*.

    H8*A#jrrcs, E-rcs lif Unkla, !ufct-. Ujmn e-laanikns glecik secnitcgce sjgtlrn

    fnvnaj(nrs" V-n elsn jg mjaneualr ocjajk%. C/// n'Uecnien 3**, '88.

    H88A 0cetjr >. lscac, !nggrn% E. Elrvnr, Flicnal Eru4ns, +jrci #. 7je-stnci, !nggr% B.

    7jaaciksjrt-, Gjrrnst U-uaa, #lrvci 0. Znajct4. ^ifnrstlifcik t-n

    7ck-'$nrgjrmlien'Ejm(utcik Ejmmuict%" L Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrds $nrs(netcvn. !jurila

    C/// Ujgtlrn. 0jaumn 3: Cssun 9, !ua% 3**O.

    =)

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    75/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    H83A #nf-l ^mlrbc, Elrja%i Unlmli, L. Kuins Ejru, 7jikglik +cu. Ujgtlrn

    /ikcinnrcik /fueltcji gjr cjcigjrmltces. 33if Ejignrnien ji Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik/fueltcji lif Vrlcicik 3**.

    H8)A Utnvn nre4u, rlf L((antji. Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit $lttnris"

    /gnetcvn Vnlmjr, $rletcela Citnkrltcji. /f. Lffcsji Nnsan%, jstji. 3**3.

    H89A Nnaejmn tj rlf L((antjis Fjeumnits. E# Erjssrjlfs\ 3*** leensj 8) fn Lorca

    fna 3*88. $lttnris lif Ujgtlrn" /ssnitcla Ejien(ts lif Vnrmcijajk%. Fcs(jicoan ni"

    -tt(".emerjssrjlfs.ejmorlfl((fjes(lttnris'citrj.-tma.

    H8:A Utnvn nre4u . /if'jg'rnanlsn rlie-cik Utrltnkcns . Utce%#cifs.ejm. 88O3*8*leensj 8 fn Lorca fna 3*88. Fcs(jicoan ni" -tt(".stce%mcifs.ejmsctncfn.ls(Q

    GuietcjinfntlcaXDobnetV%(nED+XDobnetCf89:9Xtt-F62XttsctnnmlcaXcF%i3

    H8A Utn(-ni $ nre4u . >nacloan Ejfnacins . $lttnri +likulkns jg $rjkrlms Ejignrnien

    3**8.

    H8=A +uels Ejrfncrj, Elssclij nenr, >lcmuifj lrrntj. Lkcan $lttnris gjr #uatc'sctn

    Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit . Fn(lrtlmnitj fn Eciecl fl Ejm(utlj ' ^icvnrscflfn Gnfnrla

    fj Lml4jils H^GL#A, rl4ca .

    H8OA -tt(".?nikrju(.ejm-jmncmlknsstjrcnsknstcji`3*fn`3*ejigckurlecji.b(k

    H8A Ncfn V-juk-ts. Kl(nr Bj4l. 8: fn !uicj fn 3** Leensj na 8O fn !uacj fn 3*88.

    V-juk-ts.

    -tt("kls(nr.j4l.scoajk3***8:t-n'stnn('anlricik'eurvn'mcsuifnrstlifcik.

    H3*AKct >ngnrnien. Leensj na 8O fn !uacj fn 3*88. >ngnrnien. -tt("kctrng.jrk

    H38A#lrtci Gjanr. #lrtci Gjanr, 8 fn #l%j fna 3** leensj na 8O fn !uacj fn 3*88.

    Ejitciujus Citnkrltcji. -tt("mlrtcigjanr.ejmlrtceansejitciujusCitnkrltcji.-tma

    H33AFlvcf #ltt-ns, Krnk Ncasji, Utnvn /lstnrorjj. Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit gjr

    +lrkn'Uelan Uecnitcgce Ejm(utcik lt t-n ^B #nt Dggcen . C/// 3**O.

    =9

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    76/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    '. Dcoacjkrlgl

    8. Ernltcvn Ejmmjis. Leensj 8 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88. E-jjsn l +cenisn.

    -tt("ernltcvnejmmjis.jrk

    3. Fclin Bnaa% % >noneel Ulifnrs. Lssnsscik t-n Mulact% jg Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn. Ci

    Gcrst Citnriltcjila Njrs-j( ji Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik gjr Ejm(utltcjila Uecnien

    X /ikcinnrcik H3**OA.

    ). Flvcf Njjaalrf, E-rcs L. #lttmlii, Flicna $j(nseu % 2nilf #nfvcfjvce.

    BLF>/" Fjmlci'U(necgce Lre-ctneturla >nejvnr% Gjr Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn

    U%stnms. LE# 3*8*.

    9. Fclin G. Bnaa%. L Ujgtlrn E-lsm" Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik lif Uecnitcgce

    Ejm(utcik. C/// Ejm(utnr Ujecnt% 3**=.

    :. # l r t c i # l e l % lif ! j - i # e E l a a. V-n Vne-ijajk% >nvjautcji Cs ct

    $l%ole VcmnQ. uscinss rcngcik" $-lrmltne- 3**9.

    . Citnriltcjila Gnfnrltcji Gjr Cigjrmltcji $rjensscik. Fcstcietcvn e-lrletnrcstces jg

    Uecnitcgce L((aceltcjis. Dttll Det. 3'9 3***.

    -tt(".ise.acu.sn]ojncicgc(jejOYfe.-tma=. +un 2ku%ni'7jli, U-l%in Gacit, >lmns- Ulilrlilrl%lil. L Uurvn% jg

    Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit. LE#'C/// Citnriltcjila U%m(jscum ji

    /m(crcela Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik lif #nlsurnmnit 3*8*.

    O. >jknr U. $rnssmli. Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn. ^i /igj?un $retcej. Un;tl /fcec&i.

    #n;cej" #eKrl'7caa Citnrlmnrcelil\ 3**=. (.='O3).

    . Unkla, !ufct- H3**OA. Ci"Trj$nn("i-! j+ tn T!/$jaj-/ j+ Trj-rmm"i- Citnrn!t

    Krj#,4 TTCK , 8*'83' Un(tnmonr 3**O, ^icvnrsct% jg +lielstnr, ^B.8*. #jrrcs, E-rcs lif Unkla, !ufct-. Ujmn e-laanikns glecik secnitcgce sjgtlrn

    fnvnaj(nrs" V-n elsn jg mjaneualr ocjajk%. C/// n'Uecnien 3**, '88.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    77/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    /ikcinnrcik /fueltcji gjr cjcigjrmltces. 33if Ejignrnien ji Ujgtlrn

    /ikcinnrcik /fueltcji lif Vrlcicik 3**.8). Utnvn nre4u, rlf L((antji. Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit $lttnris"

    /gnetcvn Vnlmjr, $rletcela Citnkrltcji. /f. Lffcsji Nnsan%, jstji. 3**3.

    89. Nnaejmn tj rlf L((antjis Fjeumnits. E# Erjssrjlfs\ 3*** leensj 8) fn

    Lorca fna 3*88. $lttnris lif Ujgtlrn" /ssnitcla Ejien(ts lif Vnrmcijajk%.

    Fcs(jicoan ni"

    -tt(".emerjssrjlfs.ejmorlfl((fjes(lttnris'citrj.-tma.

    8:. Utnvn nre4u . /if'jg'rnanlsn rlie-cik Utrltnkcns . Utce%#cifs.ejm. 88O3*8*leensj 8 fn Lorca fna 3*88. Fcs(jicoan ni"

    -tt(".stce%mcifs.ejmsctncfn.ls(Q

    GuietcjinfntlcaXDobnetV%(nED+XDobnetCf89:9Xtt-F62XttsctnnmlcaXc

    F%i3

    8. Utn(-ni $ nre4u . >nacloan Ejfnacins . $lttnri +likulkns jg $rjkrlms

    Ejignrnien 3**8.

    8=. +uels Ejrfncrj, Elssclij nenr, >lcmuifj lrrntj. Lkcan $lttnris gjr #uatc'sctn

    Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit . Fn(lrtlmnitj fn Eciecl fl Ejm(utlj ' ^icvnrscflfn

    Gnfnrla fj Lml4jils H^GL#A, rl4ca .

    8O. -tt(".?nikrju(.ejm-jmncmlknsstjrcnsknstcji`3*fn

    `3*ejigckurlecji.b(k

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    78/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    rnsnlre- ci l secnitcgce sjgtlrn fnvnaj(mnit (rjbnet .EU 7EC * $rjennfciks jg

    t-n 3** rctcs- Ejm(utnr Ujecnt% Ejignrnien ji 7umliEjm(utnr CitnrletcjiH3**A.

    ?6.>jonrt E. Eliiji, #lre'Dacvnr Knlatck, $lfrlck Kannsji, ^(cifnr U. -laal,

    7ukj Ejrinacs, #ce-lna +. 7cins nt la. Citnrj(nrlocact% jg 2nurjsecnien #jfnacik

    Ujgtlrn" Eurrnit Utltus lif Guturn Fcrnetcjis . H3**=A.

    ?>.Flvcf #ltt-ns, Krnk Ncasji, Utnvn /lstnrorjj. Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit gjr

    +lrkn'Uelan Uecnitcgce Ejm(utcik lt t-n ^B #nt Dggcen . C/// 3**O.

    3. ^stui 6cafc4, Lfinin Kulotic, Liin 7.7. 2ku . uscinss vnrsus UecnitcgceNjrgaj" L Ejm(lrltcvn Utuf% . H3**A.

    3=. Utnvn #. /lstnrorjj , Vcmjt-% E. !j-is . /ikcinnrcik t-n Ujgtlrn gjr

    ^ifnrstlifcik Eacmltn E-likn . C/// 3**.

    3O. 0nct 7jggmlii, 7jrst +ce-tnr, Lan;lifnr 2%ni . $rjenssns lif $rletcens gjr

    Mulact% Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn $rjbnets . H3*8*A

    3. !j /rscin 7liil%, Elrja%i #leanjf, !licen Uciknr, 7lis $nttnr +liktlikni,

    Fcntmlr $gl-a, Krnk Ncasji. 7j Fj Uecnitcsts Fnvnaj( lif ^sn Uecnitcgce

    UjgtlrnQ . CEU/ Njrs-j( ji Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik gjr Ejm(utltcjila Uecnien

    lif /ikcinnrcik H3**A.

    )*. !lmns G. jrcik . ucafcik E%onr Cigrlstrueturn gjr Knje-rjijajk%" L Elsn

    Utuf% ci Ejaalojrltcvn Ujgtlrn /ikcinnrcik >nsnlre- . H3**OA.

    )8. Ulmuna Z. Ku%nr, Elavci +ci. >DLFNL6" L UDGVNL>/ L>E7CV/EV^>/

    GD> UEC/2VCGCE ED#$^VC2K. H3***A.

    )3. !ufct- Unkla . #jfnas jg secnitcgce sjgtlrn fnvnaj(mnit .G"r!t Citnrit"jia

    jr6!j, ji Uj+t>rn Ni-"innr"i- "i Ejm,#tt"jia U$"ni$n i( Ni-"innr"i-.

    73**OA

    )). >lsmus 7. Gjk-, Nl%in jue-nr, Ncm G. 0rlini, Liin $lbji, Vcm !. Utnvnis,

    V. 2. -lt, nt la. L grlmnjr gjr secnitcgce fltl mjfnacik lif lutjmltnf sjgtlrn

    fnvnaj(mnit . H3**9A.

    )9. #lkius Uant-jat, 7lis $nttnr +liktlikni , Fcntmlr $gl-a , !j /rscin 7liil%.

    #lcik #jfnri Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn Fnvnaj(mnit /;(acecta% Lkcan . H3*8*A.

    ==

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    79/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    ):. $ntnr . Lifnrsni, Gajrcli $rlikn, Uhrni Unrrct4an. Ujgtlrn nikcinnrcik ls l (lrt

    jg secnitcgce (rletcen.). Elt-nrcin +ntjifla ,^n Zfui. Litcec(ltcik Uecnitcgce Ujgtlrn /vjautcji ls l

    Ejmocinf Vne-ijajkcela lif Fnscki L((rjle- . Unejif Citnriltcjila Njrs-j(

    ji ilitcec(ltnf Ujgtlrn /vjautcji 3**).

    )=. Uusli Flrt . Ejien(ts ci Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit U%stnms . 8*.

    )O. +uels fn Dacvncrl Lrlitns, >celrfj fn Lamncfl Glaoj, Kclielraj Kuc44lrfc.

    /vjavcik l Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit Ditjajk% . 3**=.

    ). Uui Unrvcens N-ctn $l(nr . /UV'$>LEVCE/ >/ED##/2FLVCD2UED2GCK^>LVCD2 #L2LK/#/2V . 3**=.

    9*. Lonrfnni Krju(. V-n Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit nie-mlr >n(jrt . 3**=.

    98. Citrjfuecik Ejitciujus Citnkrltcji. 3**=. -tt(".kjjkan.ejmuraQ

    sltXsjurennoXef:Xvnf*E//MGbL/Xura-tt(`)L`3G

    `3G(tkmnfcl.(nlrsjiemk.ejm`3Gcmlkns`3G=O*)38)))O:`3Gslm(ane-l(tnr

    `3G*)38)))O*YE7*3.(fgXretbX?Citrjfuecik`3*Ejitciujus

    `3*CitnkrltcjiXnc/>/9Vtg(#!B3tknaO=%ZLXuskLGMbE2/%3BCu^nMvUn

    F:%;9Z/m^2LjlMXsck3O%2ru)(4m>jaF0KeLXelfrbl.

    93. Utnvn nre4u, rlf L((antji lif Utnvn Bjicne4l . Lkcan UE# $lttnris lif

    Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilknmnit . E# Erjssrjlfs 3**9.

    9). >. Dni >jknrs . Uelacik Ejitciujus Citnkrltcji . 3**O.

    66.Flrcj Lifr5 +ju4lfj, +uels Elrvla-j Ejrfncrj . L(acelifj $lfrns fn Knriecl

    fn Ejigckurlj fn Ujgtlrn nm $rjbntjs Knjkrlgcelmnitn Fcstrcoufjs . :t- +ltci

    Lmnrceli Ejignrnien ji $lttnri +likulkns jg $rjkrlmmcik 3**:.

    6>.@lis Ercstcli #uaanr Ulitl Eru4 . $rjkrlmlifj ni Gjrtrli . 3**=.

    9. Cik. Lrturj !. +&(n4 Klrel . Kul fn $rjkrlmlec&i ni Gjrtrli *: . 3**9.

    9=. !. Uli Glocli . C2V>DF^EECD2 L +L $>DK>L#LECD2 GD>V>L2 . 3**O.

    9O. ^i rnvn Eursj fn GD>V>L2. Leensj 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.

    -tt(".ulm.ns(nrsjilaY(fcecnieclsruonimlstnrE2EGD>V>L2GD>V>L

    2*.-tma

    9. GD>V>L2 Vutjrcla. Leensj 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.

    =O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    80/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    -tt("gja.ucj.ijstncrfjeg==tutjrcla

    :*. Kct Ncc $lkn. Leensj na 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.-tt(s"kct.cc.nrina.jrkcifn;.(-(#lciY$lkn

    :8. $rj Kct. Leensj na 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88. -tt("(rjkct.jrk

    :3. kcttutjrclaH=A #liula $lkn. Leensj na 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.

    -tt(".nrina.jrk(uosjgtlrnsemkctfjeskcttutjrcla.-tma

    :). /vnr%fl% KCV Nct- 3* Ejmmlifs Dr Uj. Leensj na 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.

    -tt(".nrina.jrk(uosjgtlrnsemkctfjesnvnr%fl%.-tma

    :9. Kct ' U02 Erls- Ejursn. Leensj na 3 fn Lkjstj fn 3*88.-tt("kct'sem.ejmejursnsvi.-tma

    =

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    81/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    3. %ajslrcj

    Letc$n Fn$najmnit :cinK +inl letcvl fn fnslrrjaaj. /s al rlml fjifn sn rnlac4li als

    mjfcgcelecjins la e&fckj.

    Drlie`K >lml.

    EjmmctK D(nrlec&i (lrl kulrflr ajs elmocjs ni uil rlml.

    Fnslrrjaalfjr fn Ujgtwlrn EcnitgcejK >ngnrniecl l ui (rjkrlmlfjr ?un ij eunitl eji

    ajs ejijecmcnitjs gjrmlans fn Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn.

    :inl nstloanK /s uil rlml eu%js nanmnitjs kulrflfjs ij (rjfueni nrrjrns % (lrl ?un sn

    lkrnkuni iunvjs ejm(jinitns, nstjs fnoni (lslr uil suct fn tnsts. Vlm(jej sn rnlac4li

    mjfcgcelecjins fn icikuil ealsn ni nstls acinls fn fnslrrjaaj.

    /lci :cinK +cinl (rciec(la fn fnslrrjaaj. /s uil ainl nstloan fjifn ij sn rnlac4li

    mjfcgcelecjins fn icikuil ealsn.

    /nrknK D(nrlec&i ?un uicgcel ajs nanmnitjs fn uil rlml eji ajs fn jtrl rlml.

    7ltri fn EjigckurleciK ^il sjauec&i nstliflrc4lfl % kni5rcel.

    _nscacnitnK El(lecflf fn sjorn(jinrsn, rnscstcr j lfl(tlrsn l ajs elmocjs._jaaoleNKD(nrlec&i fn rntjrij. >ntjrilr l ui nstlfj (rnvcj.

    UE/K Ujgtlrn Ejigckurltcji #lilkmnitKnstc&i fn Ejigckurlec&i fn Ujgtlrn.

    Uils`jtK Gjtjs.

    Ujgtwlrn EcnitgcejK Ujgtlrn ?un ijrmlamnitn ij -l scfj fnslrrjaalfj olbj ajs

    nstiflrns fn Cikniclrl fn Ujgtlrn.

    Ujgtwlrn EjmnreclaK Ujgtlrn fnslrrjaalfj (jr nm(rnsls sckucnifj ajs nstiflrns fn

    Ciknicnrl fn Ujgtlrn.Ujgtwlrn rlfcecjilaK Ujgtlrn ?un sckun ajs nstiflrns fn fnslrrjaaj fn Ciknicnrl fn

    Ujgtlrn.

    Uuct fn nstK /s ui ejibuitj fn tnst jrcnitlfjs l klrlitc4lr al elacflf fn ui nanmnitj.

    lksK /tc?untls. Un utcac4li (lrl ntc?untlr als mjfcgcelecjins ?un sn lkrnkli ni uil rlml

    fntnrmcilfl.

    jrNslenK /s na ns(lecj fn trlolbj fna fnslrrjaalfjr fn sjgtlrn.

    O*

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    82/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    83/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -2 ; Un ciceclac6l na rnjsctjrcj.

    O3

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    84/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrlecji -< ; /nisl+n la gcilac6lr al ciceclac6leci fna rnjsctjrcj ? ejmrjoleci fn al ernleci fn@stn.

    ^il vn4 ?un sn -l gcilac4lfj eji al ciceclac4lec&i fna rn(jsctjrcj, sn fnon (rjenfnr l ernlr

    al rlml fn trlolbj kninrlifj ui sil(s-jt % ejmmct cicecla fn tjfjs ajs lre-cvjs ?un

    vlmjs l krlolr ni na rn(jsctjrcj. Eji nstl j(nrlec&i sn vl l nstloanenr al rlml mlstnr, ?unns al rlml (rciec(la. $jr aj tlitj, (rcmnrj sn vli l lkrnklr ajs lre-cvjs eji na ejmlifj

    kct lff ijmornW. /stn ejmlifj ijs (nrmctn l

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    85/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -" ; Ciceclac6leci. Ejmlifj kct lff.

    Caustrleci -# ; Uils`jt cicecla fna rj?netj.

    O9

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    86/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Fns(u5s fn ?un sn -l tjmlfj na sil(s-jt cicecla, sn (rjenfn l rnlac4lr na ejmmct, (lrl

    lkrnklr ajs lre-cvjs la rn(jsctjrcj. $lrl naaj, sn vl l utcac4lr na ejmlifj kct ejmmct 'mdmnislbnd, fjifn na mnislbn ns ui tn;tj ejrtj ?un n;(acel ?u5 ns aj ?un sn nst -lecnifj

    eji nsn ejmmct. /i elsj fn ?unrnr lkrnklr ui tn;tj ms fntlaalfj, sn fnon utcac4lr na

    ejmlifj kct ejmmct, na eula lorn ui nfctjr fn tn;tj.

    Caustrleci -, ; Ciceclac6leci. Ejmlifj kct ejmmct.

    O:

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    87/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -- ; Ejmmct fna sils`jt cicecla fna rj?netj.

    ^il vn4 ?un sn -l gcilac4lfj eji na (rjensj fna sil(s-jt % na ejmmct cicecla, sn vl l

    (rjenfnr l ernlr al rlml trlolbj eji na ejmlifj kct orlie- ijmornW.

    Caustrleci -) ; Ciceclac6leci. Ejmlifj orlie`.

    O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    88/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -> ; Erleci fn al rlml trlol+j

    $lrl vnrcgcelr sc sn -l ernlfj al rlml, utcac4lmjs na ejmlifj kct orlie-. /stn ejmlifj

    ijs munstrl ni (litlaal als rlmls ?un n;cstni ni na rn(jsctjrcj. /a lstnrcsej ijs cifcel ni

    ?u5 rlml ijs niejitrlmjs (jscecjilfjs, ni nstn elsj ns al rlml mlstnr.

    O=

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    89/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    /bnm(aj fn serc(t ?un (rn(lrl na ns(lecj fn trlolbj.

    [P ociols-

    [ 2js (jscecjilmjs ni na fcrnetjrcj fjifn sn vl l ciceclac4lr

    [ na rn(jsctjrcj

    ef -jmngbeFjeumnitjs/;(nrcmnitjsEjfcgcelecji

    [ Un (rjenfn l nbneutlr ajs ejmlifjs (lrl ciceclac4lr na rn(jsctjrcj[ % (rn(lrlr na nitjrij fn trlolbj.

    kct cict

    kct lff .

    kct ejmmct 'mdCiceclac4lec&id

    kct orlie- Vrlolbj

    kct e-nejut Vrlolbj

    OO

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    90/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -' ; Ejrrjojrleci fn !un sn ern al rlml ? sjorn !u@ rlml sn nst jscecjilfj.

    $jr @atcmj ijs fnonmjs (jscecjilr ni al rlml trlolbj. $lrl nstj, vlmjs l tc(nlr na

    ejmlifj kct e-nejut trlolbj.

    O

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    91/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci -3 ; Elmoclr fn rlml ? ejmrjoleci fn !un sn elmoc fn rlml.

    Eji ajs (lsjs ?un sn -li aanvlfj l eloj -lstl le, sn -l gcilac4lfj al ciceclac4lec&i fna

    rn(jsctjrcj fn Kct, (lrl snr utcac4lfj ni na (rj%netj.

    *

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    92/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    93/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci )2 ; Lkrnklifj lre`c$js mjfcgcelfjs jr snlrlfjs. Cmlkni

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    94/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci )< ; Lkrnklifj lre`c$js mjfcgcelfjs jr snlrlfjs. Cmlkni ".

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    95/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci )" ; 5+neueci fna rjaaoleN fn uil mjfcgceleci.

    Un fnon ej(clr (jr ejm(antj na vlajr fna ejmmct. Dtrl j(ec&i ns l trlv5s fna ejmlifj

    kct ajk ' 'jinacin, % ej(clr na vlajr ?un l(lrnen la alfj c4?ucnrfj fna ejmmct ?un

    inensctnmjs.

    Caustrleci )# ; Gslifj ejmlifj ajk lrl fntnrmcilr al $nrsci ? $lajr fna ejmmct.

    9

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    96/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    Caustrleci ), ; 5+neutlifj na rjaaoleN.

    Eji nsercocr na ejmlifj ajk sn (unfn ejrrjojrlr ?un sn -l vunatj l al vnrsc&i cifcelfl. /s

    rnejmnifloan tjmlr ijtl fn ajs vlajrns fna @atcmj ejmmct rnlac4lfj ni al rlml trlolbj.

    /stjs vlajrns (unfni aanklr l snr inenslrcjs, ni elsj fn sn ?ucnrl vjavnr l fce-l vnrsc&i fnae&fckj.

    Caustrleci )- ; Ejrrjojrlifj !un sn rntjri l al $nrsci litnrcjr.

    :

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    97/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

  • 7/22/2019 Calidad en el Desarrollo de Software Cientfico

    98/117

    Elacflf ni na Fnslrrjaaj fn Ujgtlrn Ecnitgcej Ciknicnrl fn UcstnmlsC.^.L.

    sjauecjins nsti jrcnitlfls la sjgtlrn ejmnrecla. +j ?un sn -l -ne-j, ns tjmlr lakuils fn

    nstls sjauecjins %