MC LCCHNG 1.TM HIU V CM BIN HNG NGOI31.1Tm hiu v hng
ngoi31.1.1Ngun pht tia hng ngoi31.1.2Tnh cht31.1.3ng dng31.2Cm bin
hng ngoi51.2.1PIR l g?51.2.2Nguyn l lm vic ca loi u d PIR:71.2.3L
thuyt chung v tia nhit81.2.4Thit b tiu t gm tia nhit ri trn b mt cm
ng PIR91.2.5Tm hiu knh Fresnel.111.2.6ng dng thit k mch s dng cm
bin PIR11CHNG 2.TM HIU V VI IU KHIN132.1Vi iu khin l g?132.1.1M
t132.2AVR142.2.1Gii thiu142.2.2Cu Trc AVR172.2.3Cng
c222.2.4ATmega825CHNG 3.MCH NGUYN L V CHNG TRNH273.1Mch nguyn
l273.2Chng trnh28CHNG 4.HON THIN SN PHM334.1Hnh nh thc t334.2Kt qu
t c334.3Phng hng pht trin33
TM HIU V CM BIN HNG NGOITm hiu v hng ngoiTia hng ngoi l bc x in
t c bc sng di hn nh sng kh kin nhng ngn hn tia bc x vi ba. Tn "hng
ngoi" c ngha l "ngoi mc ", mu l mu sc c bc sng di nht trong nh sng
thng. Tia hng ngoi khng th nhn thy c nh nh sng thng bi mt ngi thng
thng.Tia hng ngoi c th c phn chia thnh ba vng theo bc sng, trong
khong t 700 nanmt ti 0,1 milimt.Ngun pht tia hng ngoiMi vt c nhit
ln hn 0oK u pht ra tia hng ngoi.Tnh chtTia hng ngoi c tnh cht c bn
sau: Tc dng nhit C th gy ra hin tng quang in trong cht bn dn C th
tc dng ln mt s knh nh c bit. C th bin iu nh sng in t cao tnng dngo
nhit Vic thu nhn v o c tia hng ngoi c th gip xc nh nhit ca vt t xa,
nu chng l ngun pht ra cc tia thu c. Hnh chp trong ph hng ngoi gi l
hnh nh nhit, hay trong trng hp vt rt nng trong NIR hay c th thy c
gi l php o nhit. K thut o nhit bng hng ngoi c dng ch yu trong qun
s, v ng dng cng nghip. K thut ny hin cng ang c ng dng v dn quen
thuc vi th trng dn s nh: my nh trn xe hi; ty thuc vo gi thnh ca cc
sn phm c c gim mnh hay khng.K thut hng ngoi rt quan trng vi ngnh
quc phng. Nhng tn la khng i khng c ly gn m my bay chin u s dng u c
dng tia hng ngoi dn ng. u tn la lp thit b thm hng ngoi, tn la t ng
bm st ln khi c nhit cao ca my bay hoc nhit sinh ra do ma st gia v
my bay v khng kh khi bay vi tc cao v ph hu my bay.Trong chin tranh
vng Vnh 1991, i ph vi tn la Skut ca Irac, M dng n v tinh cnh bo.
Trn v tinh c lp knh vin vng v 6000 linh kin thm d hng ngoi. Khi bt
u phng tn la Skut, khi ui tn la c nhit cao b v tinh pht hin, truyn
s liu v trung tm mt t, tnh ton mc tiu phng tn la Patriot ph hu tn
la Skut trn khng.Pht nhitTia hng ngoi c dng trong phng tm hi v lm
tan tuyt trn cnh my bay, do da ngi v b mt cnh my bay c th hp th tt
nng lng ca tia hng ngoi. Mt lng ln nng lng mt tri cng nm trong vng
hng ngoi. Cc vt nng c vi trm C nh l si, bp cng pht ra bc x vt en c
cc i vng hng ngoi. Do vy tia hng ngoi cn c gi l tia nhit.Truyn
thngDng truyn ti thng tin trong mng nh. V d nh t my tnh sang my
tnh, my tnh sang in thoi, in thoi vi in thoi...hoc cc thit b hin i
gia dng khc.Lch sS khm ph ra tia hng ngoi thng c cho l cng lao ca
William Herschel, nh thin vn hc u th k 19. Herschel dng lng knh tn
x nh sng t Mt Tri v khm ph ra tia hng ngoi, nm ngoi vng nh sng kh
kin gn phn nh sng , thng qua s ghi chp trn mt nhit k.Cm bin hng
ngoiCuc sng ca chng ta tn ti trong cng lc vi nhiu thc th vt l, nhng
th chng ta nhn bit c nh l cc vn ng c hc, tc dng ca nhit (nhn bit
qua lp da), ca nh sng (nhn bit qua mt), ca m thanh (nhn bit qua
tai), ca mi (nhn bit qua mi), ca v (nhn bit qua li), v nht l ca in.
Hin nay, in t hc l mt cng c phc v con ngi nhiu nht, chng ta c
radio, cassette, TV, my ghi hnh, my tnh....u im ca cc thit b in l x
l cc vn rt nhanh, nhng cc thit b in th li ch lm vic vi tn hiu thuc
in, m chung quanh chng ta khng phi ch c cc hin tng thuc in m song
song cn rt nhiu hin tng phi in khc ang tn ti, t ngi ta ngh n cc
SENSOR. Sensor l cc cm bin, n dng chuyn i cc tn hiu khng thuc in ra
dng tn hiu in v a vo cc dng mch in x l. Ngy nay c rt nhiu, rt nhiu
loi SENSOR. Trong ln ny, chng ta s tm hiu loi sensor dng pht hin cc
vt th nng c chuyn ng ngang, quen gi l PIR moton detector.PIR l g?N
l ch vit tt ca Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm bin
th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi. Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc
tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th nng. Trong cc c th sng, trong chng ta
lun c thn nhit (thng thng l 37 C), v t c th chng ta s lun pht ra cc
tia nhit, hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt t bo in
chuyn i tia nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra cm bin pht hin
cc vt th nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l th ng v n khng dng ngun
nhit t pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m ch ph thuc vo cc ngun tha
nhit, l thn nhit ca cc thc th khc, nh con ngi con vt...Trc ht, chng
ta tm hiu cu trc ca mt cm bin PIR
Trn y l u d PIR, loi bn trong gn 2 cm bin tia nhit, n c 3 chn
ra, mt chn ni masse, mt chn ni vi ngun volt DC, mc p lm vic c th t
3 n 15V. Gc d ln. tng nhy cho u d, Bn dng knh Fresnel, n c thit k
cho loi u c 2 cm bin, gc d ln, c tc dng ngn tia t ngoi.Hnh v cho
thy cch dng u d PIR pht hin ngi hay con vt di chuyn ngang
Nguyn l lm vic ca loi u d PIR:Cc ngun nhit (vi ngi v con vt l
ngun thn nhit) u pht ra tia hng ngoi, qua knh Fresnel, qua kch lc
ly tia hng ngoi, n c cho tiu t trn 2 cm bin hng ngoi gn trong u d,
v to ra in p c khuch i vi transistor FET. Khi c mt vt nng i ngang
qua, t 2 cm bin ny s cho xut hin 2 tn hiu v tn hiu ny s c khuch i c
bin cao v a vo mch so p tc ng vo mt thit b iu khin hay bo ng.
Hnh v cho thy 2 vng cm ng nhy cm tng ng vi 2 cm bin trong u d.
Khi c mt con vt i ngang, t thn con vt s lun pht ra tia nhit, n c
tiu t mnh vi knh Fresnel v ri tiu t trn bia l cm bin hng ngoi, vy
khi con vt i ngang, ng ra ca u d chng ta s thy. xut hin mt tn hiu,
tn hiu ny s c cho vo mch x l to tc dng iu khin hay bo ng.L thuyt
chung v tia nhitMi vt th u c cu to t cc phn t nh li ti, nhit l mt
dng nng lng to ra t cc xao ng ca cc phn t (Bn xem hnh), l cc chuyn
ng hn lon, khng trt t. T cc xao ng ny, n pht ra cc tia nhit, bng cm
gic thng thng ca gic quan, con ngi chng ta ni l sc nng. mi ngi ngun
thn nhit thng c iu n mc 37 C, l ngun nhit m ai cng c v nu dng linh
kin cm ng thn nhit, chng ta s c thit b pht hin ra ngi, chnh l tng m
ngi ta ch ra thit b motion detector, iu khin theo ngun thn nhit
chuyn ng.Hnh v sau y cho thy vt liu nhm pyroelectric c dng lm cm
bin d tia nhit.
Ngi ta kp vt liu pyroelectric gia 2 bn cc, khi c tc kch ca cc
tia nhit, trn hai 2 bn cc s xut hiu tn hiu in, do tn hiu yu nn cn
mch khuch i.Trong b u d PIR, ngi ta gn 2 cm ng PIR nm ngang, v cho
ni vo cc Gate (chn Cng) ca mt transistor FET c tnh khuch i. Khi cm
bin pyroelectric th nht nhn c tia nhit, n s pht ra tn hiu v khi
ngun nng di chuyn ngang, s n cm bin pyroelectric th hai nhn c tia
nhit v n li pht ra tn hiu in. S xut hin ca 2 tn hiu ny cho nhn bit
l c mt ngun nhit di ng ngang v mch in t s pht ra tn hiu iu khin. Tn
hiu ny c th dng tt m n hay dng bo ng khi c k l vo nh.Thit b tiu t
gm tia nhit ri trn b mt cm ng PIRChng ta bit cc tia nhit pht ra t
thn th ngi rt yu v rt phn tn, tng nhy phi dng knh c mt knh li to
chc nng tiu t, quen gi l kinh Focus, hnh ng di y cho thy cc mt sng
ca cc tia sng khi i qua mt mt knh li c cho gm li ti mt im nh, im gi
l tiu im ( theo m Hn Vit, ch tiu bn di c b ha , vy n c ngha l im
nng, nhiu Bn dng knh lp to ra im nng, im nng ny c th t chy giy y, l
tr chi ca cc bn nh).
Khuyt im ca loi knh hi t dng mt li thng thng l khi mt knh m rng,
im tiu t s khng nm mt ch, ngi ta cho hiu chnh sai lch ny bng mt knh
Fresnel (Bn xem hnh, cc mt cong xa trc quang c chnh li). Bn thy khi
xa trc quang hc, cong ca mt knh c hiu chnh li, vi cch lm ny, chng
ta s c th hi t nhiu tia sng tt hn, trn mt din tch rng ln hn v nh vy
s tng c nhy cao hn v c gc d rng hn.Tm hiu knh Fresnel.
hiu r hn v cch tiu t dng knh Fresnel, Bn c th xem video di y, T
gii thch qua on phim ngn ny, Bn s thy knh Fresnel to tnh tiu t tt
hn loi knh li thng thng nht l khi m rng mt knh.ng dng thit k mch s
dng cm bin PIR s dng cm bin P mt cch hiu qu v d dng trong vic phi
ghp lm vic vi vi iu khin. Ta thit k mch nh sau:
TM HIU V VI IU KHINVi iu khin l g?Vi iu khin l mt my tnh c tch
hp trn mt chp, n thng c s dng iu khin cc thit b in t. Vi iu khin,
thc cht, l mt h thng bao gm mt vi x l c hiu sut dng v gi thnh thp
(khc vi cc b vi x l a nng dng trong my tnh) kt hp vi cc khi ngoi vi
nh b nh, cc m un vo/ra, cc m un bin i s sang tng t v tng t sang
s,... my tnh th cc m un thng c xy dng bi cc chp v mch ngoi.Vi iu
khin thng c dng xy dng cc h thng nhng. N xut hin kh nhiu trong cc
dng c in t, thit b in, my git, l vi sng, in thoi, u c DVD, thit b a
phng tin, dy chuyn t ng, v.v.M tHu ht cc vi iu khin ngy nay c xy
dng da trn kin trc Harvard, kin trc ny nh ngha bn thnh phn cn thit
ca mt h thng nhng. Nhng thnh phn ny l li CPU, b nh chng trnh (thng
thng l ROM hoc b nh Flash), b nh d liu (RAM), mt hoc vi b nh thi v
cc cng vo/ra giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi v cc mi trng bn ngoi -
tt c cc khi ny c thit k trong mt vi mch tch hp. Vi iu khin khc vi
cc b vi x l a nng ch l n c th hot ng ch vi vi vi mch h tr bn
ngoi.Cc vi iu khin thng dngH vi iu khin AMCC (do tp on "Applied
Micro Circuits Corporation" sn xut). T thng 5 nm 2004, h vi iu khin
ny c pht trin v tung ra th trng bi IBM. H vi iu khin Atmel Dng 8051
( 8031 , 8051 , 8751 , 8951 , 8032 , 8052 , 8752 , 8952 ) Dng Atmel
AT91 (Kin trc ARM THUMB) Dng AT90, Tiny & Mega AVR (Atmel
Norway design) Dng Atmel AT89 (Kin trc Intel 8051/MCS51) Dng MARC4H
vi iu khin Cypress MicroSystemsH vi iu khin Freescale
Semiconductor. T nm 2004, nhng vi iu khin ny c pht trin v tung ra
th trng bi Motorola.H vi iu khin FujitsuH vi iu khin IntelH vi iu
khin MicrochipH vi iu khin National SemiconductorH vi iu khin
STMicroelectronicsH vi iu khin Philips SemiconductorsAVRGii thiuAVR
l mt h vi iu khin do hng Atmel sn xut (Atmel cng l nh sn xut dng vi
iu khin 89C51 m c th bn tng nghe n). AVR l chip vi iu khin 8 bits
vi cu trc tp lnh n gin ha-RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer),
mt kiu cu trc ang th hin u th trong cc b x l.So vi cc chip vi iu
khin 8 bits khc, AVR c nhiu c tnh hn hn, hn c trong tnh ng dng (d s
dng) v c bit l v chc nng: Gn nh chng ta khng cn mc thm bt k linh
kin ph no khi s dng AVR, thm ch khng cn ngun to xung clock cho chip
(thng l cc khi thch anh). Thit b lp trnh (mch np) cho AVR rt n gin,
c loi mch np ch cn vi intr l c th lm c. mt s AVR cn h tr lp trnh on
chip bng bootloader khng cn mch np Bn cnh lp trnh bng ASM, cu trc
AVR c thit k tng thch C. Ngun ti nguyn v source code, ti liu,
application notert ln trn internet. Hu ht cc chip AVR c nhng tnh
nng (features) sau: C th s dng xung clock ln n 16MHz, hoc s dng
xung clock ni ln n 8 MHz (sai s 3%) B nh chng trnh Flash c th lp
trnh li rt nhiu ln v dung lng ln, c SRAM (Ram tnh) ln, v c bit c b
nh lu tr lp trnh c EEPROM. B nh chng trnh Flash c th lp trnh li rt
nhiu ln v dung lng ln, c SRAM (Ram tnh) ln, v c bit c b nh lu tr lp
trnh c EEPROM. Nhiu ng vo ra (I/O PORT) 2 hng (bi-directional). 8
bits, 16 bits timer/counter tch hp PWM. Cc b chuyn i Analog Digital
phn gii 10 bits, nhiu knh. Chc nng Analog comparator. Giao din ni
tip USART (tng thch chun ni tip RS-232). Giao din ni tip Two Wire
Serial (tng thch chun I2C) Master v Slaver. Giao din ni tip Serial
Peripheral Interface (SPI)...Mt s chip AVR thng
dng:AT90S1200AT90S2313AT90S2323 and AT90S2343AT90S2333 and
AT90S4433AT90S4414 and AT90S8515AT90S4434 and
AT90S8535AT90C8534ATtiny10, ATtiny11 and
ATtiny12ATtiny15ATtiny22ATtiny26ATtiny28ATmega8/8515/8535ATmega16ATmega161ATmega162ATmega163ATmega169ATmega32ATmega323ATmega103ATmega64/128/2560/2561AT86RF401.....Cu
Trc AVRAVR c cu trc Harvard, trong ng truyn cho b nh d liu (data
memory bus) v ng truyn cho b nh chng trnh (program memory bus) c
tch ring. Data memory bus ch c 8 bit v c kt ni vi hu ht cc thit b
ngoi vi, vi register file. Trong khi program memory bus c rng 16
bits v ch phc v cho instruction registers.
Hnh 21 T chc b nh ca AVR.B nh chng trnh (Program memory):L b nh
Flash lp trnh c, trong cc chip AVR c (nh AT90S1200 hay AT90S2313) b
nh chng trnh ch gm 1 phn l Application Flash Section nhng trong cc
chip AVR mi chng ta c thm phn Boot Flash setion.B nh d liu (data
memory):y l phn cha cc thanh ghi quan trng nht ca chip, vic lp trnh
cho chip phn ln l truy cp b nh ny. B nh d liu trn cc chip AVR c ln
khc nhau ty theo mi chip, tuy nhin v c bn phn b nh ny c chia thnh 5
phn:Phn 1: l phn u tin trong b nh d liu, nh m t trong hnh 1, phn ny
bao gm 32 thanh ghi c tn gi l register file (RF), hay General
Purpose Rgegister GPR, hoc n gin l cc Thanh ghi. Tt c cc thanh ghi
ny u l cc thanh ghi 8 bits nh trong hnh di y
Hnh 22 Thanh ghi 8 bits.Tt c cc chip trong h AVR u bao gm 32
thanh ghi Register File c a ch tuyt i t 0x0000 n 0x001F. Mi thanh
ghi c th cha gi tr dng t 0 n 255 hoc cc gi tr c du t -128 n 127 hoc
m ASCII ca mt k t no Cc thanh ghi ny c t tn theo th t l R0 n R31.
Chng c chia thnh 2 phn, phn 1 bao gm cc thanh ghi t R0 n R15 v phn
2 l cc thanh ghi R16 n R31. Cc thanh ghi ny c cc c im sau: c truy
cp trc tip trong cc instruction. Cc ton t, php ton thc hin trn cc
thanh ghi ny ch cn 1 chu k xung clock. Register File c kt ni trc
tip vi b x l trung tm CPU ca chip. Chng l ngun cha cc s hng trong
cc php ton v cng l ch cha kt qu tr li ca php ton.Tt c cc
instruction s dng RF lm ton hng u c th truy nhp tt c ccRF mt cch
trc tip trong 1 chu k xung clock, ngoi tr SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI v
LDI, cc instruction ny ch c th truy nhp cc thanh ghi t R16 n
R31.Thanh ghi R0 l thanh ghi duy nht c s dng trong instruction LPM
(Load Program Memory). Cc thanh ghi R26, R27, R28, R29, R30 v R31
ngoi chc nng thng thng cn c s dng nh cc con tr (Pointer register)
trong mt s instruction truy xut gin tip. Chng ta s kho st vn con tr
sau ny. Hnh 3 m t cc chc nng ph ca cc thanh ghi.
Hnh 23 Register file.Tm li 32 RF ca AVR c xem l 1 phn ca CPU, v
th chng c CPU s dngtrc tip v nhanh chng, gi cc thanh ghi ny, chng
ta khng cn gi a ch m ch cn gi trc tip tn ca chng. RF thng c s dng
nh cc ton hng (operand) ca cc php ton trong lc lp trnh.Phn 2: l phn
nm ngay sau register file, phn ny bao gm 64 thanh ghi c gi l 64
thanh ghi nhp/xut (64 I/O register) hay cn gi l vng nh I/O (I/O
Memory). Vng nh I/O l ca ng giao tip gia CPU v thit b ngoi vi. Tt c
cc thanh ghi iu khin, trng thica thit b ngoi vi u nm y. Xem li v d
trong bi 1, trong ti c cp v vic iu khin cc PORT ca AVR, mi PORT lin
quan n 3 thanh ghi DDRx, PORTx v PINx, tt c 3 thanh ghi ny u nm
trong vng nh I/O. Xa hn, nu mun truy xut cc thit b ngoi vi khc nh
Timer, chuyn i Analog/Digital, giao tip USARTu thc hin thng qua vic
iu khin cc thanh ghi trong vng nh ny.Vng nh I/O c th c truy cp nh
SRAM hay nh cc thanh ghi I/O. Nu s dng instruction truy xut SRAM
truy xut vng nh ny th a ch ca chng c tnh t 0x0020 n 0x005F. Nhng nu
truy xut nh cc thanh ghi I/O th a ch ca chng c tnh t 0x0000 n
0x003FV cc thanh ghi trong vng I/O khng c hiu theo tn gi nh cc
Register file, khi lp trnh cho cc thanh ghi ny, ngi lp trnh cn nh a
ch ca tng thanh ghi, y l vic tng i kh khn. Tuy nhin, trong hu ht cc
phn mm lp trnh cho AVR, a ch ca tt c cc thanh ghi trong vng I/O u c
nh ngha trc trong 1 file Definition, bn ch cn nh km file ny vo chng
trnh ca bn l c th truy xut cc thanh ghi vi tn gi ca chng.Phn 3: RAM
tnh, ni (internal SRAM), l vng khng gian cho cha cc bin (tm thi hoc
ton cc) trong lc thc thi chng trnh, vng ny tng t cc thanh RAM trong
my tnh nhng c dung lng kh nh (khong vi KB, ty thuc vo loi chip).Phn
4: RAM ngoi (external SRAM), cc chip AVR cho php ngi s dng gn thm
cc b nh ngoi cha bin, vng ny thc cht ch tn ti khi no ngi s dng gn
thm b nh ngoi vo chip.Phn 5: EEPROM (Electrically Ereasable
Programmable ROM) l mt phn quan trng ca cc chip AVR mi, v l ROM nn
b nh ny khng b xa ngay c khi khng cung cp ngun nui cho chip, rt
thch hp cho cc ng dng lu tr d liu.AVR hot ng nh th no?Hnh di y biu
din cu trong bn trong ca 1 AVR. Bn thy rng 32 thanh ghi
trongRegister File c kt ni trc tip vi Arithmetic Logic Unit -ALU
(ALU cng c xem l CPU ca AVR) bng 2 line, v th ALUc th truy xut trc
tip cng lc 2 thanh ghi RF ch trong 1 chu k xung clock (vng c khoanh
trn mu trong hnh)
Hnh 24 Cu trc bn trong AVR.Cc instruction c cha trong b nh chng
trnh Flash memory di dng cc thanh ghi 16 bit. B nh chng trnh c truy
cp trong mi chu k xung clock v 1 instruction cha trong program
memorys c load vo trong instruction register, instruction register
tc ng v la chn register file cng nh RAM cho AL U thc thi. Trong lc
thc thi chng trnh, a ch ca dng lnh ang thc thi c quyt nh bi mt b m
chng trnh PC (Program counter). chnh l cch thc hot ng ca AVR. AVR c
u im l hu ht cc instruction u c thc thi trong 1 chu k xungclock, v
vy c th ngun clock ln nht cho AVR c th nh hn 1 s vi iu khin khc nh
PIC nhng thi gian thc thi vn nhanh hn.Cng cTrnh bin dchS dng
Codevision
Mch np v chng trnh np Mch np
Chng trnh np ICProg ver2.12
ATmega8Trong n ny chng ti s dng chip ATmega8 lm v y l loi chip
thuc dng AVR mi nht, n c y cc tnh nng ca AVR nhng li nh gn (gi PDIP
c 28 chn) v gi r.C th thy chip ny gm 28 chn, trng c cc chn c ghi l
PB0(chn 14), PB1(chn 15),,PB7(chn 10), l cc chn ca PORTB. PORT l
khi nim ch cc ng xut nhp. Trong AVR, PORT c th giao tip theo 2 hng
(bi directional), c th dng xut hoc nhn thng tin, mi PORT c 8 chn.
Chip Atmega8 c 3 PORT c tn tng ng l PORTB, PORTC v PORTD (mt s chip
AVR khc c 4 hoc 6 PORT). PORT c coi l ca ng then cht ca vi iu
khin.Trong AVR, mi PORT lin quan n 3 thanh ghi (8 bits) c tn tng ng
l DDRx, PINx, v PORTx vi x l tn ca PORT, mi bit trong thanh ghi tng
ng vi mi chn ca PORT. Trong trng hp ca Atmega8 x l B, C hoc D. V d
chng ta quan tm n PORTB th 3 thanh ghi tng ng c tn l DDRB, PINB v
PORTB, trong 2 thanh ghi PORTB v PINB c ni trc tip vi cc chn ca
PORTB, DDRB l thanh ghi iu khin hng ( Input hoc Output). Vit gi tr
1 vo mt bit trong thanh ghi DDRB th chn tng ng ca PORTB s l chn xut
(Output), ngc li gi tr 0 xc lp chn tng ng l ng nhp. Sau khi vit gi
tr iu khin vo DDRB, vic truy xut PORTB c thc hin thng qua 2 thanh
ghi PINB v PORTB.MCH NGUYN L V CHNG TRNHMch nguyn l
Khi ngunKhi ngun c chc nng cung cp in p 1 chiu cho mch hot ng.
in p vo c a qua n p 7805, lc bng t v cp in p 5V cho vi iu khin v cc
thnh phn khc.
Hnh 31 Mch vi iu khinCm bin PIR khi pht hin vt s nhy in p t 0 ln
3.3V, do ta dng thm IC LM393 khuch i trc khi a vo vi iu khin.u ra
chn PB.0 c ni vi transistor B562 , tran ny kch dng cho Fet IRF 540,
sau iu khin ng c.Chng trnh#include // Declare your global variables
herevoid main(void){// Declare your local variables here//
Input/Output Ports initialization// Port B initialization//
Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In
Func0=In // State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T
State1=T State0=T PORTB=0x00;DDRB=0x00;// Port C initialization//
Func6=Out Func5=Out Func4=Out Func3=Out Func2=Out Func1=Out
Func0=Out // State6=1 State5=1 State4=1 State3=1 State2=1 State1=1
State0=1 PORTC=0x7F;DDRC=0x7F;// Port D initialization// Func7=In
Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In //
State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T
State0=T PORTD=0x00;DDRD=0x00;// Timer/Counter 0 initialization//
Clock source: System Clock// Clock value: Timer 0
StoppedTCCR0=0x00;TCNT0=0x00;// Timer/Counter 1 initialization//
Clock source: System Clock// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped// Mode:
Normal top=0xFFFF// OC1A output: Discon.// OC1B output: Discon.//
Noise Canceler: Off// Input Capture on Falling Edge// Timer1
Overflow Interrupt: Off// Input Capture Interrupt: Off// Compare A
Match Interrupt: Off// Compare B Match Interrupt:
OffTCCR1A=0x00;TCCR1B=0x00;TCNT1H=0x00;TCNT1L=0x00;ICR1H=0x00;ICR1L=0x00;OCR1AH=0x00;OCR1AL=0x00;OCR1BH=0x00;OCR1BL=0x00;//
Timer/Counter 2 initialization// Clock source: System Clock// Clock
value: Timer2 Stopped// Mode: Normal top=0xFF// OC2 output:
DisconnectedASSR=0x00;TCCR2=0x00;TCNT2=0x00;OCR2=0x00;// External
Interrupt(s) initialization// INT0: Off// INT1: OffMCUCR=0x00;//
Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initializationTIMSK=0x00;// USART
initialization// USART disabledUCSRB=0x00;// Analog Comparator
initialization// Analog Comparator: Off// Analog Comparator Input
Capture by Timer/Counter 1: OffACSR=0x80;SFIOR=0x00;// ADC
initialization// ADC disabledADCSRA=0x00;// SPI initialization//
SPI disabledSPCR=0x00;// TWI initialization// TWI
disabledTWCR=0x00;while (1) { if (PIND!=0xFF) { while (1) {
PORTC=0xFF; delay_ms(500); PORTC=0x00; delay_ms(500); } } }}HON
THIN SN PHMHnh nh thc tKt qu t cPhng hng pht trin
