CM NANG H TR K THUT FTTH MC LC

Phn I.........................................................................................................................................3 CC THIT B CN THIT KHI LP T NG TRUYN FTTH.........................3 1- Hiu bit v mng trc truyn dn quang.........................................................................3 1.1 Mng truy nhp quang ch ng (AON Active Optical Network).........................3 1.2 Mng truy nhp quang th ng (PON Passive Optical Network).........................5 2- Cc thit b khch hng cn thit khi lp t ng FTTH...............................................5 2.1 Card giao tip mng (NIC - Network Interface Card)................................................5 2.2 Cp mng......................................................................................................................7 ...........................................................................................................................................10 2.3 B chuyn i quang in: .....................................................................................11 2.4 Router..........................................................................................................................14 2.5 Switch/Hub..................................................................................................................17 2.6 Thit b kt cui mng quang khch hng (Optical CPE)..........................................18 Phn II......................................................................................................................................20 CC THAO TC C BN LP T CU HNH NG FTTH......................20 1- Lp t ng FTTH theo m hnh dng my tnh lm Router gateway.........................20 1.1 Chun b thit b: ........................................................................................................21 1.2 Thao tc lp t:..........................................................................................................21 1.3 Ci t.........................................................................................................................22 2- Lp t ng FTTH theo m hnh s dng Broadband Router/Wireless Router..........29 1.1 Chun b thit b: ........................................................................................................29 1.2 Thao tc lp t:..........................................................................................................29 1.3 Ci t.........................................................................................................................30 3 Lp t FTTH theo m hnh s dng Optical CPE:.......................................................32

Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH 1.1 Chun b thit b: ........................................................................................................32 1.2 Thao tc lp t:..........................................................................................................32 1.3 Ci t:........................................................................................................................32 Phn III....................................................................................................................................34 PHN TCH X L CC LI C BN TRN NG TRUYN FTTH................34 1- Phn tch s c ng truyn FTTH theo m hnh truyn dn.......................................34 1.1 Cc s c pha nh cung cp dch v (ISP):...............................................................34 1.2 Cc s c pha khch hng :........................................................................................34 1.3 Cc s c truyn dn:..................................................................................................35 2 - Phn tch s c FTTH theo tnh cht s c, quy trnh x l:...........................................35 3 - Lu x l cc s c FTTH.........................................................................................36 X l cc s c mt kt ni mng.....................................................................................36 4 - Hi p, phn hi thc mc ca khch hng...............................................................38 Cu hi 1:..........................................................................................................................38 Cu hi 2...........................................................................................................................38 Cu hi 3 ..........................................................................................................................40 Cu hi 4...........................................................................................................................40 Cu hi 5..........................................................................................................................41 Cu hi 6..........................................................................................................................41 Cu hi 7...........................................................................................................................42

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Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH

Phn I CC THIT B CN THIT KHI LP T NG TRUYN FTTH1- Hiu bit v mng trc truyn dn quangFTTx l mt thut ng chung m t bt k mt kin trc mng bng thng rng no m s dng cp quang thay th mt phn hay tt c mch vng truyn dn bng cp ng thng thng t trm vin thng cui ti khch hng. FTTx bao gm cc nhm nh: (FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTO, FTTH ...), FTTN (Fiber To The Node): Cp quang ti trm vin thng, im kt ni. FTTC (Fiber To The Cabinet/Curb): Cp quang ti t cp gn khu dn c. FTTB (Fiber To The Building): Cp quang ti tn ta cao c, chng c FTTO (Fiber To The Office): Cp quang ti vn phng

FTTH (Fiber To The Home): Cp quang ti tn nh thu bao trin khai c cc dch v FTTx ngi ta cn xy dng mng trc truyn dn c bng thng ln, kh nng chuyn mch nhanh, kt ni gia cc im mng (node) bng cc tuyn cp quang v c gi tng qut l mng phn phi quang (ODN Optical Distribution Network). Ngy nay ODN c phn thnh hai h thng ring bit, l mng quang ch ng AON (Active Optical Network) v mng quang th ng PON (Passive Optical Network). 1.1 Mng truy nhp quang ch ng (AON Active Optical Network).

INTERNET

BRAS

PE Router

MAN-E Core ring PE-AGG Router MAN-E Access 1 ring MAN-E Access 2 ring

PE-AGG Router

UPE-AGG Router

L2 Switch (SFP interface)

DSLAM

Hnh 1.

M hnh mng MAN - E 3

Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH

AON (Active Optical Network) l kiu kin trc mng truyn dn quang m ti cc im mng (node) c cha cc thit b cn s dng ngun in nh Switch, MUX (Multiplexer). Tn hiu khi i qua cc node c bin i t quang in v ngc li, ri mi chuyn tip i. Vic chuyn i ny lm nh hng ti tc truyn d liu. Tuy nhin nh b nh m (cache) ca cc thit b chuyn mch m qu trnh chuyn mch ca d liu c hn ch bt xung t. Vic xy dng AON da trn cc chun cng ngh ethernet c gi l mng Metro ethernet network (MEN), hay cn gi l MAN-E (Metropolitan Access Network Ethernet) hay E-MAN. Cu trc MAN E gm cc switch c kt ni vi nhau theo m hnh phn lp: Lp trc chnh lp tp hp lp truy nhp. Lp trc chnh (Core layer) gm nhng thit b chuyn mch rt thng minh

c kh nng x l nhanh nhy mt s lng ln cc gi tin. Thng thng cc thit b c s dng lp ny c: Switch layer 3 Cisco 7609, ME 6524 Lp tp hp (Aggregation layer) l lp trung gian, c th cung cp cc kt ni

trc tip hoc tp hp lu lng t lp truy nhp v chuyn tip ln lp trc chnh. Lp truy nhp (Access layer) l lp cung cp cc kt ni trc tip n khch

hng. Tp hp lu lng t cc thit b ca khch hng chuyn ti ln mng trc. Thit b thng bao gm cc Switch layer 2, c cc giao din in fast ethernet, giga ethernet nh switch ME 3400 hoc cc khe gn cc module SFP nh switch cisco 4924Switch Cisco 7600

Switch Cisco 4924

Switch ME 3400

Hnh 2.

Mt s switch c s dng trong mng Metronet

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Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH

1.2 Mng truy nhp quang th ng (PON Passive Optical Network).ONU

DATA

Splitter

VOICE

IPTV

OLT

Splitter

ONT

Hnh 3.

M hnh mng PON

PON (Passive Optical Network) l mng truyn dn quang th ng, trong mng ny vic truyn dn tn hiu t tng i n thit b ca khch hng c s dng mt s thit b c kh nng chia tch, chuyn tip tn hiu quang th ng, hot ng ca chng khng cn n ngun in. Cc thit b trong PON bao gm: Cc thit b ch ng c s dng ngun in nh Thit b kt cui ng

quang OLT (Optical Line Terminal), Thit b kt cui mng quang ONT (Optical Network Terminal) hoc n v kt cui mng quang ONU (Optical Network Unit). Ngoi ra cn c cc thit b th ng nh: B chia cng sut quang

Optical Splitter, Cp quang, Kt ni giao din quang (End to End connector).

2- Cc thit b khch hng cn thit khi lp t ng FTTH2.1 Card giao tip mng (NIC - Network Interface Card) Card giao tip mng l thit b kt ni gia my tnh v cp mng, c cu to l bn mch cung cp kh nng truyn thng cho my tnh. Card mng c th c tch hp ngay trn bn mch ch (main board) gi l card on board hay cc card m rng c gn trn cc khe m rng ca my tnh theo cc chun ISA, PCI hay USP Phn giao tip vi cp mng thng theo cc chun nh: AUI, BNC, UTP

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Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH

Hnh 4.

Cc loi card mng

Cc chc nng chnh ca card mng l: Chun b d liu a ln mng: Trc khi a ln mng, d liu phi c chuyn t dng byte, bit sang tn hiu in c th truyn trn cp. Gi d liu n my tnh khc.

Kim sot lung d liu gia my tnh v h thng cp. Vi trng hp mng wifi th ngi ta s dng card mng khng dy. V cu to th giao tip vi my tnh ca card mng khng dy cng ging nh card mng c dy, giao tip vi mi trng mng ca card mng khng dy s dng ng ten thu sng.

Hnh 5.

Card mng khng dy

Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca cc mng li chuyn ti d liu bng tn hiu quang th cc card mng c cng quang cng bt u xut hin.

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Cm nang H tr K thut FTTH

Hnh 6.

NIC card mng cng quang, khe m rng PCI

2.2 Cp mng Cp mng l phng tin truyn dn trung gian gia cc cc thit b mng. Ty thuc vo cu to, cht liu v tnh nng chuyn ti loi tn hiu m cp mng nh hng nhiu hay t ti qu trnh truyn tin. Cp mng c cc loi: Cp xon i, cp ng trc, cp quang 2.2.1 Cp Xon Si Cp xon i gm nhiu cp dy ng xon li vi nhau nhm chng pht x nhiu in t. Hin nay c hai loi cp xon i l cp c bc kim loi ( STP - Shield Twisted Pair) v cp khng bc kim loi (UTP -Unshield Twisted Pair). Cp xon i STP: Gm nhiu cp xon c ph bn ngoi mt lp v lm

bng dy ng bn. Lp v ny c tc dng chng nhiu in t EMI t ngoi v chng pht x nhiu bn trong. Lp v bc chng nhiu ny c ni t thot nhiu. Do t b tc ng bi nhiu in nn c tc truyn qua khong cch xa cao hn cp xon i trn. Tc l thuyt 500Mbps, thc t khong 155Mbps. Khong cch truyn ti a l 100m, tc gim dn khi cp cng di, thng l di 100m. Cp xon i UTP: Gm nhiu cp xon nh cp STP nhng khng c lp v

ng chng nhiu. Do gi thnh r nn UTP l loi cp mng cc b c u chung nht. UTP c chia thnh 5 loi:+

Loi 1: truyn m thanh, tc