Khi qut CAMEL thc hin cc chc nng ca mng thng minh cho cc mi trng GSM. CAMEL lm cho mng GSM linh hot hn: b sung cc dch v gi tr gia tng, a dng dch v v nhanh chng a vo cc dch v mi.CAMEL l 1 khi nim v l 1 cng ngh m rng kh nng: gm cc khi dch v c bn v b cng c v l nn tng phn cng/phn mm mng thng minh to lp v thc hin dch v. CAMEL mng thng minh v tnh nng di ng, n mang li cho mng GSM tnh linh hot hn. CAMEL nh l 1 phn b sung v ci tin ca mng thng minh n ci tin thm cho GSM 1 nn tng IN khng ph thuc vo cc dch v thc hin cc tnh nng khng b rng buc bi thit k mng. Cc dch v mi trn c s CAMEL khng i hi ua phn mm mi vo cho tt c cc MSC ca mng GSM. N khng i hi tiu chun ho v c th c th ring cho ngi s dng. y chnh l mc tiu cui cng ca CAMEL: m bo VHE. -SSP-Service Switching Point. -Ngoi vi thng minh -im iu khin dch v -im qun l dch v/mi trng to lp dch v. Kin trc CAMEL phase 1

Chc nng ca cc thnh phn HLR: l thnh phn trong mng cha d liu thu bao CAMEL, d liu thu bao CAMEL c nhm li thnh tng nguyn t thng tin dch v CAMEL (CSI- Camel service information). Mi ngi s dng c 1 thu bao tng ng vi dch v CAMEL. iu ny c ngha l mi ngi s dng s c mt nguyn t thng tin dch v CAMEL tng ng trong HLR. Ni dung ca CSI s l cc dch v CAMEL ca thu bao. D liu thu bao trong HLR c th c phn tn trong nhiu node trong mng GSM: MSC, GMSC, SGSN, gsmSCF. Cc node ny c th c xc nh v tr trong HPLMN hoc trong VPLMN. HLR lun lun c tr trong HPLMN ca thu bao CAMEL. HLR c th gi thng tin dch v CAMEL n MSC/VLR v GMSC. C 2 trng hp xy ra nh sau: CIS c gi t HLR n MSC/VLR duy tr trong MSC/VLR ngay khi ngi s dng ng nhp vo MSC/VLR. Khi mt ngi s dng tt my th vn duy tr ng nhp trong

MSC. Khi in thoi bt my tr li th MSC/VLR khng cn ly li d liu CAMEL t HLR. Khi in thoi ca ngi s dng tt my trong mt thi gian di, d liu ca ngi s dng bao gm c d liu thu bao CAMEL, c th c chuyn n VLR. (thng thng chu k ny khong 24h) Khi ngi s dng c gn lin, nhng VLR khng c lin lc v mt v tuyn vi mt ngi s dng c bit, chu k hot ng c bit, sau VLR quyt nh loi b d liu ngi s dng, bao gm c d liu thu bao CAMEL. Khi ngi s dng thit lp li lin lc vi MSC ( bt my in thoi), MSC update v tr, v d liu CAMEL sau khi ngi s dng ng nhp li MSC. CSI c gi t HLR n GMSC duy tr trng thi ti GMSC trong chu k hon thnh thit lp cuc gi. Khi cuc gi b xa, d liu CAMEL c loi b trong GMSC, iu ny c ngha l vi tt c chu k thit lp cuc gi trong GMSC, GMSC nhn d liu CAMEL (v cc d liu GSM khc) t HLR. Cuc gi cho 1 ngi s dng c th c iu khin bi cc GMSC khc trong mng. Mt chc nng khc ca HLR l p dng CAMEL c bit iu khin cuc gi MT. V d HLR c th nhn c trng thi ngi s dng v v tr ca ngi s dng t VLR v gi thng tin ny n GMSC, GMSC gi thng tin ny n gsmSCF nh l u vo cho qu trnh dch v CAMEL MT. HLR iu khin cuc gi MT. Chc nng lin quan n CAMEL ca HLR l d hi bt c lc no. gsmSCF: l thnh phn qun l dch v CAMEL. gsmSCF c tr trong HPLMN. Tt c cc yu cu dch v CAMEL c gi trc tip n mt gsmSCF. gsmSCF l thnh phn chc nng. Node m c gsmSCF c tr gi l im iu khin dch v (SCP service control point) gsmSCF chc nng iu khin dch v. ph hp vi giao thc chun GSM (v d CAMEL) gsmSCF h tr CAP v mt phn c lin quan n MAP. Mt gsmSCF c th h tr giao thc khc ngoi CAP v MAP, tuy nhin i vi CAMEL th phn ln gsmSCF khng h tr giao thc khc. SCF: chc nng iu khin dch v, ph hp vi ETSI/ITU-T INAP (v d CS1, CS2) hoc giao thc IN vendor-specific. SCF c th cng h tr cc giao thc khc v giao thc lin quan n MAP. Mt SCP c th nhn c c mt gsmSCF v mt SCF, iu ny c ngha l mt SCP c th chy dch v CAMEL v CS1, hoc dch v khng phi l CAMEL ti cng mt thi im v d mt SCP c th yu cu mt dch v CS1 n mt ngi s dng trong HPLMN trong khi cng lc ngi s dng ng nhp vo mng PLMN khc, sau SCP c th yu cu mt dch v CAMEL phase 2 n ngi s dng . hon thnh dch v khc, HLR phi gi d liu thu bao IN n MSC/VLR strong cc mng khc. Vic gi bt k thng tin thu bao khng-CAMEL t HLR n MSC/VLR hoc GMSC l khng theo chun CAMEL. Tuy nhin, c ch m rng trong hot ng MAP cho php truyn thng tin hot ng ring n MSC/VLR v GMSC. Mt hot ng c th s dng CS1 (hoc giao thc khc khng-CAMEL) trong HPLMN cho dch v pre-paid. Hot ng ny cho php ngi s dng roam aboard, s dng CAMEL, nhng c th cng s dng CS1 cho dch v pre-paid, cho nhng ngi s dng trong HPLMN, trong trng hp ny cc hot ng gm c dch v CS1 v dch v CAMEL i vi cng mt nhm ngi s dng. C nhiu dch v c th c tr trong cng mt SCP hoc trong cc SPC khc nhau.

MSC/gsmSSF l mt MSC tch hp kh nng CAMEL. MSC tch hp CAMEL c th nhn v lu d liu CAMEL trong VLR. MSC cng c tch hp chc nng chuyn mch dch v GSM (gsmSSF). gsmSSF to ra tr gia MSC v gsmSCF. Khi mt cuc gi c thit lp trong MSC, MSC xc nh cuc gi s c a ra iu khin CAMEL. S c mt ca O-CSI trong VLR cho ngi s dng ch ra rng MSC s request yu cu 1 dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi . Nu MSC tnh ton rng cuc gi phi a ra iu khin CAMEL sau MSC to ra mt qu trnh gsmSSF, sau gsmSSF thit lp quan h vi gsmSCF trong HPLMN ca ngi s dng . gsmSSF- chc nng chuyn mch dch v. ph hp vi giao thc chun GSM ( v d CAMEL), mt gsmSSF lun xc nh trong mt visited MSC (VMSC, v d MSC kt ni vi mng truy nhp v tuyn) hoc gateway MSC ( v d MSC c th yu cu mt HLR nh mt phn ca iu khin cuc gi MT) SSF chc nng chuyn mch dch v, ph hp vi giao thc khng-CAMEL mt SSF c xc nh trong VMSC hoc GMSC nhng cng xc nh trong transit MSC hoc tng i mng c nh. Mt MSC hoc tng i mng c nh c tch hp SSF thng gi l im chuyn mch dch v (SSP service switching point) Mt MSC c th tch hp gsmSSF v tch hp SSF cng lc, tc l mt MSC c th thit lp hi thoi CAMEL v hi thoi khng CAMEL cng lc. GMSC/gsmSSF l GMSC tch hp kh nng CAMEL, GMSC tch hp CAMEL c kh nng nhn d liu CAMEL trong sut qu trnh iu khin cuc gi n. GMSC c tch hp gsmSSF, s to ra tr gia GMSC v gsmSCF. Khi mt cuc gi n GMSC ( GMSC nhn thng tin a ch khi to ISUP (IAM) cho ngi s dng t mng ) v GMSC nhn d liu CAMEL t HLR (trong MAP gi l thng ip SRI-Res) sau GMSC thit lp qu trnh gsmSSF. Sau gsmSSF thit lp quan h vi gsmSCF trong HPLMN ca thu bao gi n. Mc d CAMEL xc nh r rng mt qu trnh gsmSSF n cho MSC v cho GMSC, qu trnh gsmSSF thit lp hnh ng khc nhau, ph thuc vo trng hp cuc gi. GMSC c th tch hp gsmSSF v SFF cng lc v d GMSC c th thit lp quan h CAMEL v quan h khng-CAMEL cng lc cho cc thu bao khc nhau. c ch khch hot c quyn cho php GMSC gi mt dch v CS1 (hoc dch v khng-CAMEL khc) v mt dch v CAMEL trong cng mt cuc gi. C mt s khc bit nh gia s tn ti tng quan ca quan h CAMEL v quan h khng-CAMEL trong VMSC v s tn ti tng quan ca quan h CAMEL v quan h khng-CAMEL trong GMSC. Mt ngi dng t mng PLMN-A c th nhn c mt dch v CAMEL khi ng nhp vo mt MSC A c th nhn c mt dch v CAMEL khi ng k ti mt MSC t mng PLMN-B (v d nh chuyn vng ra nc ngoi) v nhn c mt dch v c quyn khng-CAMEL khi ng k ti mt MSC t mng PLMN-A (tc l ng k trong mng ca chnh n) Mt khc, GMSC thng x l cuc gi n cho th bao cng mt mng, trn thc t GMSC thng nm trong HPLMN nn vic x l cuc gi n lun lun c hon thnh trong HPLMN ca ngi s dng c gi, c lp v ngun gc ca cuc gi ( v d cuc gi mng/thu bao) v c lp vi v tr ca cc ngi s dng c gi. Do cc nh iu hnh c th cung cp mt dch v IN thch hp cho cuc gi MT n nhm ngi

s dng v d mt dch v IN c quyn hoc mt dch v CAMEL. im khc bit cc dch v IN c ch ra trong hnh sau y:

Nu mt nh khai thc chia thu bao thnh tng nhm khc nhau (trong HLR), theo cch ny cc thu bao c cc dch v IN khc nhau, sau mt nhm cc thu bao lun c th nhn c mt dch v CAMEL trong GMSC, trong khi cc nhm thu bao khc c th nhn c mt dch v c quyn trong GMSC. Bn cnh cc cuc gi MT, cc GMSC cng c th x l cuc gi MF. Khi mt cuc gi MT trong GMSC t n cuc gi chuyn tip, sau cc cuc gi chuyn tip c th cng p dng mt dch v CAMEL. HLR c th gi c O-CSI v T-CSI cho GMSC. (1) T-CSI: HLR gi T-CSI n GMSC cho cuc gi ra ca mt cuc gi MT dch v CAMEL. (2) O-CSI: HLR gi O-CSI n GMSC cho cuc gi ra ca mt cuc gi MT dch v CAMEL. HLR c th cu hnh theo cc cch sau: (a) HLR gi O-SCI n GMSC ch trong trng hp chuyn tip cuc gi GSM ang trong qu trnh x l, v d khi HLR gi s chuyn tip (FTN forwarded-to number) n GMSC, khi dch v CAMEL cuc gi n gy ra chuyn tip cuc gi khi khng c chuyn tip cuc gi GSM trong qu trnh x l, sau GMSC khng c O-CSI a ra mt dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi chuyn tip; (b) HLR gi O-SCI n GMSC khi chuyn tip cuc gi GSM ang trong qu trnh x l v khi HLR gi T-CSI n GMSC, khi dch v CAMEL cuc gi n gy ra chuyn tip cuc gi, sau GMSC c O-CSI a ra mt dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi chuyn tip; S la chn cch (1) hoc (2) ph thuc vo tng HLR. Theo kt qu ca chuyn tip cuc gi trong GMSC, n c th xy ra rng hai dch v CAMEL ang hot ng ng thi trong cc GMSC, cho mt thu bao l: (1) mt dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi MT, v (2) dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi MF. V nguyn tc, cc qu trnh gsmSSF minh ha cho cuc gi MT v qu trnh gsmSSF minh ha cuc gi MF lm vic c lp vi nhau. iu i hi cc qu trnh gsmSSF phi c nhng m hnh trng thi cuc gi c bn (BCSM basic call state model) v i thoi CAMEL ca chnh n. Ngoi ra, thc t dch v CAMEL, v d dch v CAMEL MT v dch v CAMEL MF, lm vic c lp vi nhau. Nhng dch v ny c th c chy trn

cng mt SCPs hoc trn cc SCPs khc nhau (Hnh v). S kt hp ca cuc gi MT v cuc gi MF s c miu t trong cc phn sau.

Cc giao din (cc dng thng tin) Giao din VLR-HLR Giao thc MAP v3 Mc ch Chuyn d liu kch hot CAMEL t HLR n VLR; loi b d liu kch hot t VLR Ly li thng tin thu bao khi x l cuc gi n. Ly li thng tin thu bao trong bt k thi im thm vn X l cuc gi n Bt k thi im tham vn Ti u nh tuyn ca chuyn tip cuc gi cui CAMEL kim sot cc cuc gi in thoi di ng c ngun gc CAMEL kim sot cc cuc gi di ng chuyn tip (cuc gi chuyn tip cui) CAMEL kim sot cc cuc gi n. CAMEL kim sot cc cuc gi chuyn tip cuc gi chuyn tip u. CAMEL kim sot cc cuc gi chuyn tip cuc gi chuyn tip cui, kt hp nh tuyn ti u.

GMSC-HLR gsmSCF-HLR MSC- GMSC MSC/gsmSSF - gsmSCF

MAP v3 MAP v3 MAP v3, MAP v4 CAP v1

GMSC/gsmSSF-gsmSCF

CAP v1

Bng trn cho ta thy mt ci nhn tng qut v cc giao din mng a ra trong CAMEL phase 1. VLR-HLR Giao din ny c s dng cho mc ch hnh chnh, x l cuc gi n v thu hi d liu thu bao. Giao din ny s dng cc th tc MAP c lit k trong bng sau: Thng ip MAP ca giao din VLR-HLR Cp nht v tr Khi thu bao ng k vi mt MSC, MSC s dng thng ip (Location update LU) MAP LU yu cu HLR ca thu bao bit cc d liu thu bao GSM. Nu VLR h tr CAMEL, th VLR s cho bit iu ny trong thng ip MAP LU; cc VLR s ch ra tng giai on CAMEL ring bit c h tr. Cc du hiu ca h tr CAMEL trong thng ip MAP LU bo vi HLR rng n c php gi d liu thu bao CAMEL n VLR. Phc hi d liu VLR s dng thng ip MAP RD khi n cn phi ti li d liu (Restore data- RD) thu bao ca mnh. Cc th tc ca thng ip RD khng c kch hot bi hnh ng ca ngi s dng, chng hn nh ng k trong MSC. Vic x l th tc ca thng ip RD tng t nh vic x l cc th tc ca thng ip cp nht v tr. l, VLR bo cho HLR c cha d liu CAMEL c h tr trong VLR, do HLR c th quyt nh liu n c th gi d liu CAMEL ti VLR cho thu bao . Chn d liu thu bao HLR s dng thng ip MAP ISD cho vic chuyn d liu thu (Insert subscriber data bao GSM n VLR. Thng ip MAP ISD c th c s dng ISD) p ng cho thng ip MAP LU hoc thng ip MAP RD. Khi VLR ch ra rng n h tr CAMEL v HLR cha d liu thu bao CAMEL ca ngi s dng, sau cc HLR c th gi km d liu thu bao CAMEL trong thng ip MAP ISD. HLR theo di nhng d liu CAMEL c chuyn n VLR ; HLR cng theo d liu CAMEL c h tr trong VLR . Thng ip MAP ISD cng c th c s dng bn ngoi ng cnh ca mt th tc cp nht v tr. Khi d liu thu bao thay i trong HLR, HLR c th s dng thng ip MAP ISD cp nht d liu thu bao mi cho VLR. HLR s dng cc thu bao lu tr ni b v d liu VLR lin quan xc nh xem d liu thu bao thay i c th c gi n VLR hoc HLR s c hnh ng d phng. Khi d liu CAMEL cn c gi n VLR bn ngoi bi cnh ca th tc cp nht v tr, sau l HLR c th phi kt hp thng ip MAP DSD ( loi b d liu CAMEL t cc VLR) v thng ip MAP ISD ( t cc d liu CAMEL sa i trong VLR) Xa d liu thu bao HLR s dng thong ip MAP DSD loi b d liu thu bao (Delete subscriber data t VLR ny. Khi HLR - DSD) s dng thong ip MAP DSD loi b d liu CAMEL phase

Cung cp thng tin thu bao (Provide subscriber information PSI)

Cung cp s chuyn vng (Provide roaming number PRN)

1 hoc phase 2, sau tt c d liu thu CAMEL phase 1 v CAMEL phase 2 c g b t VLR. iu ny l do gii hn giao thc trong MAP. T CAMEL phase 3 tr i, cc HLR c th loi b cc yu t thu bao CAMEL cc nhn. HLR c th s dng thng ip MAP PSI nhn d liu thu bao t VLR; d liu thu bao m c th nhn t thng ip MAP PSI bao gm cc thng tin v tr v trng thi thu bao. Trong CAMEL phase 3 v CAMEL phase 4, thng tin b sung c th nhn c t VLR Trong bi cnh CAMEL, HLR c th s dng thng ip MAP PSI cho cc th tc sau y: (1) x l cuc gi MT (2) ATI HLR cng c th s dng thng ip MAP PSI vo vic nh tuyn ti u (OR Optimal routing); HLR s dng thng ip MAP PRN nhn c mt s chuyn vng trm di ng (Mobile station roaming number MSRN) t VLR. Nhn MSRN t VLR l mt phn ca vic x l cuc gi MT, ngay c khi CAMEL khng a ra. Vi cuc gi MT l c th x l CAMEL, HLR c th bao gm s tham chiu cuc gi (Call reference number - CRN) v a ch GMSC (GMSCA) trong thng ip MAP PRN. HLR nhn CRN v GMSCA t GMSC, trong thng ip MAP SRI. t CRN v GMSCA trong thng ip MAP PRN cho php lin kt cc bn ghi chi tit cuc gi (CDR call detail record) ca h thng postprocessing. Vic lu CRN v a ch GMSC trong thng ip MAP PRN cng c thc hin vi mc ch nh tuyn ti u ca chuyn tip cuc gi cui

GMSC HLR y l giao din dung x l cuc gi n. Bng sau s a ra cc th thc MAP Thng ip MAP s dng cho giao din GMSC-HLR Gi thng tin nh GMSC s dng thng ip MAP SRI vi mc ch x l cuc gi tuyn (Send routing MT. Khi GMSC gi thng ip MAP SRI n HLR, n bao gm information SRI) mt du hiu ca cc phase CAMEL c h tr bi GMSC. Nu GMSC h tr CAMEL phase 4, sau n cng ch ra phn ca CAMEL giai on 4 c h tr. Vic ch ra cc CAMEL h tr trong thng ip MAP SRI cho HLR bit n c php gi d liu thu bao CAMEL ti GMSC . Nu HLR gi d liu thu bao CAMEL n GMSC, p ng thng ip MAP SRI, sau GMSC thit lp mt mi quan h CAMEL vi gsmSCF. Dch v CAMEL trong gsmSCF c th kim sot cuc gi MT hoc cuc gi MF (trong trng hp cuc gi chuyn tip) cho thu bao Giao din GMSC-HLR cng c s dng vo vic d hi chuyn

tip; gsmSCF-HLR y l giao din dng phc hi thng tin thu bao. Thng ip MAP s dng cho giao din gsmSCF-HLR Bt k thi gian tham gsmSCF c th s dng thng ip MAP ATI yu cu HLR ly vn thng tin thu bao. ATI c th c s dng bt c lc no, ngay (Any time c bn ngoi bi cnh ca cuc gi. gsmSCF c th s dng ATI interrogation ATI) yu cu d liu thu bao sau y: nh v thu bao Trng thi thu bao. CAMEL phase 3 v 4 ch nh nng cao kh nng cho ATI, khi s dng gia gsmSCF v HLR CAMEL phase 3 v CAMEL phase 4 cng xc nh vic s dng ca ATI vi mc ch dch v nh v v di chuyn s in thoi di ng MSC-GMSC y l giao din dng nh tuyn ti u ca cuc gi chuyn tip cui. Thng ip MAP s dng cho giao din MSC-GMSC Tip tc x l cuc gi (Resum call handling RCH) Khi VMSC gi thng ip MAP RCH n GMSC, bt u ORLCF, n c th bao gm thng tin thu bao CAMEL, c bit O-CSI v D-CSI (CAMEL phase 3 tr i). GMSC c th s dng O-CSI v D-CSI trong thng ip MAP RCH, gi mt dch v CAMEL cho cc cuc gi chuyn tip s c thnh lp trong GMSC. Thng ip MAP RCH c th s dng hoc MAP v3 hoc MAP v4 Cc nh hng ln nhau gia CAMEL v nh tuyn ti u c trnh by chi tit trong phn sau.

MSC/gsmSSF gsmSCF Giao din ny l giao din CAP v1 dng vo vic iu khin cuc gi. Mt cuc i thoi CAP v1 c thnh lp nh MSC/gsmSSF nh l kt qu ca thit lp cuc gi ban u hoc thit lp cuc gi chuyn tip in thoi di ng (cuc gi chuyn tip cui). Giao din hi thoi CAP v1 thit lp t MSC/gsmSSF l kt qu ca s c mt ca O-CSI trong VLR. a ch ca gsmSCF, v cc chi tit giao thc lin quan khc, c ly li t O-CSI. Cng mt O-CSI c s dng cho c cuc gi MO v cuc gi MF. Kt qu l, cng mt dch v CAMEL c a ra cho cuc gi MO v cuc gi MF. Tuy nhin, tn hiu MSC/gsmSSF n gsmSCF loi cuc gi (cuc gi MO hoc cuc gi MF), do , cc dch v CAMEL c th thch ng hot ng ca mnh vi cc loi hnh c th ca cuc gi. GMSC/gsmSSF-gsmSCF Giao din ny l giao din CAP v1 cho iu khin cuc gi. Mt cuc i thoi CAP v1 c thit lp bi cc GMSC/gsmSSF nh l kt qu ca mt cuc gi n in thoi di ng hoc cuc gi chuyn tip in thoi di ng ( cuc gi chuyn tip u hoc cuc

gi chuyn tip cui vi nh tuyn ti u). Cc thit lp i thoi CAP v1 t GMSC/gsmSSF l kt qu ca vic tip nhn T-CSI/O-CSI t HLR. a ch ca gsmSCF, v cc chi tit giao thc lin quan khc, c ly li t T-CSI v O-CSI. Cc O-CSI c gi n GMSC theo cch ging nh O-CSI c gi n VLR. Kt qu l, trong ba hnh thc chuyn tip cuc gi (chuyn tip cuc gi u, chuyn tip cuc gi cui v ORLCF) s a ra cng mt dch v CAMEL. Tt c cc giao din MAP ni trn, ngoi tr ATI, c quy nh x l cuc gi GSM v c th khng-CAMEL. Tuy nhin, CAMELquy nh c th cc yu t thng tin b sung c truyn qua cc th tc MAP ny. Giao din CAP v1 l c trng cho CAMEL.

Miu t c tnhCc c im chnh ca CAMEL phase 1: (1) iu khin bt u cuc gi di ng (2) iu khin cuc gi n di ng (3) iu khin cuc gi chuyn tip di ng. (4) Tham vn thi gian bt k. Trong ng cnh ny, mt cuc gi l ch cuc gi CS. Cc qu trnh x l cuc gi khc nhau c m t chi tit sau y: Cuc gi pht sinh t di ng Cc cuc gi pht sinh t di ng l cc cuc gi c thit lp bi mt ngi s dng GSM, ngi c ng k trong mt MSC. Tt c cc cuc gi MO c thnh lp bi mt thu bao CAMEL c a n iu khin CAMEL, ngoi tr cc cuc gi khn cp (tc l cc cuc gi c m dch v TS12). cc cuc gi TS12 x l CAMEL trong MSC. Cuc gi khn cp l cuc gi n '112 '(Chu u) hoc '911' (M), Cc s khn cp thng c lp trnh trong ME. Khi ngi dng nhp vo s 112 trn bn phm, mt dch v TS12, nh quy nh ti GSM TS 02,03 [3], c bt u. Nhiu bng tn MEs (v d GSM900/1800/1900) c nhiu s khn cp c lp trnh trong , phc v cho cc vng khc nhau, ni m Mes c s dng. S khn cp b sung c lp trnh trong SIM bng ton t. Trong hai trng hp, cc cuc gi n s nh vy l cuc gi TS12. Vic s dng cc s khn cp c quy nh ti 3GPP TS 22,101 [68]. Khi mt thu bao thit lp mt cuc gi MO, MSC s bt u qu trnh x l cuc gi c bn. X l cuc gi c bn bt phi kim tra liu ngi s dng c mt thu bao yu cu dch v c bn. Nu yu cu dch v c bn khng phi l thu bao v d VLR khng nhn yu cu d liu thu bao cho dch v t HLR, sau MSC t chi chp nhn cuc gi. Cuc gi c thit lp trong trng hp s kin t chi trc mt dch v CAMEL c a ra. Dch v c bn thu bao c cung cp bi HLR v c gi n VLR vo lc gi thng ip cp nht v tr (MAP LU) kim tra dch v c bn, MSC c th p dng chn cuc gi. Hai hnh thc chn cuc c p dng vi 1 cuc gi MO: chn cuc gi (CB) b sung dch v; iu hnh xc nh chn cuc gi (ODB). CB l mt dch v b sung m mt thu bao GSM c th ng k; b sung cc dch v c cp trong HLR. Mt thu bao c th sa i cc thit lp GSM SS ca mnh, v d nh thay i h s chn cuc gi. Mt mt khu c thit thay i cc thit lp chn cuc gi trong HLR. Mt thu bao c th ng k mt s loi CB, chng hn nh chn

cuc gi ca tt c cc cuc gi i (BAOC) hoc chn cuc gi ca cc cuc gi i quc t (BOIC).Cc loi CB c nh ngha cho cc dch v c bn c th hoc cho ton b cc nhm dch v c bn. Cc dch v c bn c quy nh ti GSM TS 02.01 [1]. Vic kim tra CB gy ra t chi cuc gi trc khi mt dch v CAMEL c gi. Loi chn cuc gi ca tt c cc cuc gi i (BAOC) thng c s dng nh l mt la chn d phng trong HLR, i vi trng hp m mt thu bao ng k CAMEL trong VPLMN m khng h tr yu cu phase ca CAMEL. Khi thu bao BAOC, thu bao nhn cuc gi v s dng USSD thit lp cuc gi cuc gi tr li, vi iu kin l nh iu hnh mng cung cp USSD gi li. ODB l mt dch v mng, nh iu hnh mng quyt nh p dng ODB cho thu bao. Cc loi ODB c phn chia trong HLR cho thu bao v c truyn n VLR thng ip cp nht v tr (MAP LU) cng vi cc d liu thu khc nh l cc dch v c bn, cc dch v b sung, thnh phn kch hot CAMELCi tn ODB ng , mt ngi dng khng c kh nng thay i cc thit lp ODB mnh. Vic kim tra ODB c th gy ra t chi cuc gi, ngay c trc khi dch v CAMEL c gi. Hnh 4 th hin vic kim tra CB cho mt cuc gi MO. Khi HLR gi BAOC n VLR, HLR khng nn gi O-CSI n VLR. S hin din ca BAOC trong VLR ngn cn vic thit lp cc cuc gi MO, v th O-CSI l khng cn thit. HLR vn gi dch v vin thng 11 (dch v tc ) n VLR vic, k t khi n l cn thit cho cc cuc gi MT. Kim tra khc xem mt phn ca x l cuc gi c bn l liu cc thu bao phc v c OCSI trong d liu thu bao ca mnh trong VLR. S xut hin ca O-CSI trong VLR cho thu bao phc v nh l mt ch dn n qu trnh x l c bn gi l cuc gi s b a ra kim sot CAMEL, v d MSC s gi mt dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi ny.

Khi thu bao c O-CSI v khng c kim tra ng k trong MSC ngn cn thit lp cuc gi, cc MSC s iu khin chuyn giao cuc gi n gsmSSF. gsmSSF l chc nng thc th trong MSC chu trch nhim lin lc gia MSC v gsmSCF. Khi qu trnh x l cuc gi c bn iu khin chuyn giao ca cuc gi n gsmSSF, qu trnh x l cuc gi b tm dng. gsmSSF s dng cc thng tin trong O-CSI gi cc thu bao dch v CAMEL. Qu trnh gsmSSF by gi cng b tm dng, trong khi ch i c hng dn t cc gsmSCF. Thit lp cuc gi tip tc khi gsmSCF gi mt hot ng tip ni cuc gi n gsmSSF. Cc hot ng sau y l hot ng tip tc cuc gi. Tip tc (CUE) - gsmSCF ch th gsmSSF thit lp cuc gi n, MSC s bin dch mt IAM ISUP n ch ny, s dng thng tin nhn c t cc mng v tuyn v s dng thng tin thu bao lin quan n t VLR.

Kt ni (CON) - gsmSCF ch th gsmSSF thit lp cuc gi n ch cha trong CAP CON; CAP CON cng c th cha cc thng s khc, cc thng s trong CAP CON hot ng ghi ln cc thng s tng ng trong ISUP IAM; Gii phng cuc gi (RC) - gsmSCF ch th gsmSSF gii phng cuc gi; gsmSCF cung cp m nguyn nhn tr li cho cc thu bao gi. Hnh 3.5 m t cc hot ng tip ni cuc gi. Nu gsmSCF s dng CAP CUE hoc CAP CON, sau qu trnh x l cuc gi trong MSC tip tc. MSC phn tch s gi, c th b thay i bi SCP, v gi ra ISUP IAM thit lp cuc gi. Cc dch v CAMEL vn duy tr kim sot cuc gi hoc c th chm dt ti im ny, iu ny ph thuc vo mc ch ca DP trong O-BCSM. Nu gsmSCF c mc ch mt DP hoc nhiu hn trc khi gi CAP CUE hoc CAP CON, sau cc dch v CAMEL vn hot ng, nu gsmSCF khng c mc ch s kin cui cng, sau cc dch v CAMEL kt thc vo thi im ny; Hnh 6 th hin tun t

Trong v d "kt ni cuc gi, dch v CAMEL khng nhm vo DP. Cc dch v CAMEL kt thc sau khi CAP CON c gi. Trong v d gim st n khi tr li dch v CAMEL nhm vo s kin tr li. Kt qu l, cc dch v CAMEL vn hot ng sau khi gi CAP CUE. Khi s kin tr li c bo co, khng c nhiu DP trang b trong O-BCSM. Kt qu l dch v CAMEL kt thc. Cui cng trong v d gim st n khi ngt kt ni, dch v CAMEL trang b s kin tr li v s kin ngt kt ni. Cc dch v CAMEL vn hot ng cho n khi n nhn c s kin ngt kt ni. Cc s kin ngt kt ni c th c trang b trong ch ngt, trong trng hp , cc dch v CAMEL s gi CAP CUE hoc CAP RC n gsmSSF sau khi ngt kt ni c bo co. Kim sot kh nng ca CAMEL phase 1 b gii hn. Mt dch v CAMEL phase 1 s trang b s kin tr li v s kin ngt kt ni, nhng khng trang b s kin thit lp cuc gi tht bi. iu ny c th dn n chm dt i thoi CAP sm. Khi xy ra li trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi (gi l thu bao bn, khng tr li), sau gsmSSF s hy b i thoi CAMEL. Hnh 3.7 trnh by ba v d v dch v ca CAMEL phase 1 pha c s dng mng VPN quc t. Cc dch v VPN chuyn s gi n s lin quan ti thu bao ch, nhng thu bao thuc cng nhm VPN. Do , thu bao ca mt nhm VPN, v d nh mt doanh nghip, c th gi nhau bng GSM, bng cch quay s cc s ca tng i s m rng.

Trong trng hp (1) Dch v CAMEL kt ni thu bao gi n thu bao di ng VPN. Thu bao di ng VPN thuc cng nhm VPN vi thu bao gi. Cuc gi c nh tuyn n GMSC ca HPLMN hot ng, t cuc gi c nh tuyn n VMSC. Trong trng hp (2) thu bao gi c kt ni n mt tng i s ca mt doanh nghip. Trong trng hp (3) thu bao gi c kt ni n mt VPN ngang hng trong mt vn phng nc khc. Trong c 3 trng hp, bo hiu ISUP c ng i ngn nht gia VMSC ca thu bao gi v mng PSTN/PLMN ca thu bao c gi. nh tuyn cuc gi trong thu bao VPN

Khi bn gi (+31 6 516 34 567) quay s 3341, dch v VPN xc nh s ny thuc v mt s thu bao ca cng mt nhm VPN. Cc dch v VPN chuyn s gi vo s GSM ca thu bao ch (+31 6 516 34 568). Cc dch v VPN dch v cng cung cp mt s bn gi (3342) ti CAP CON. Cc thu bao gi nhn c 3342 trn mn hnh ca mnh, thay v +31 6 516 34 567. Thu bao VPN c gi tr li cuc gi, tc l quay s 3342, sau cc dch v VPN s kt ni cuc gi n 31 6 516 34 567. Nu thu bao quay s gi mt s ngoi mng (v d 31 70 456 6782), sau cc dch v VPN cho php cc cuc gi tip tc n s gi, m khng nh hng n vic nh tuyn cc cuc gi. VPN khng cung cp s bn gi b sung, khi s ca VPN khng nn hin th cho bn c th iu c ngha l khng thuc v cng nhm VPN. Khi c cuc gi i quc t, n c th xy ra rng s in thoi gi hoc s in thoi bn gi b sung khng c truyn trong cc lin kt bo hiu ISUP. Mt thu bao VPN c th nhn c mt cuc gi ni mng khi thu bao chuyn vng trong mng khng-CAMEL. Trong trng hp , cc dch v VPN cho rng thu bao c gi c th loi b s bn gi b sung t cc lung tn hiu ISUP. l do l cc thu bao VPN c gi c th tr li mt cuc gi hin th s VPN ca ngi gi. Tuy nhin, khi

bn c gi ang trong trng thi chuyn vng khng h tr CAMEL, dch v VPN khng kt ni mt cuc gi t thu bao n VPN ch. Kt thc cc cuc gi Hnh 8 v 9 minh ha trng hp cuc gi MT c iu khin CAMEL. Khi mt cuc gi c thit lp cho thu bao GSM, cc IAM ISUP c cha MSISDN ca thu bao GSM ch coi l s bn c gi, c nh tuyn n HPLMN ca thu bao ch. Vic nh tuyn cuc gi n HPLMN khng xt v tr hin ti ca thu bao c gi. Nu thu bao c gi l mt thu bao ca Orange France, v d, hin ang ng k trong MSC ti Telefonica Ty Ban Nha, sau cuc gi vn c nh tuyn n HPLMN ca mnh, tc l Orange France. Khi cuc gi n HPLMN ca thu bao c gi, GMSC bin trong mng, x l cuc gi n, phn tch ch n ca cuc gi. GMSC bit rng, bng cch cu hnh,dy s i din MSISDN cho nh iu hnh.Do , GMSC c th xc nh cuc gi n ny l i n mt thu bao ca mng ny. Do , GMSC bin s hot ng nh mt GMSC khi x l cuc gi MT.

Nu cuc gi c thit lp trong mt MSC ca cng mt mng, sau MSC gc x l cuc gi MO ti thi im GMSC x l cuc gi MT. Cc nh khai thc c th cu hnh MSC c chc nng nh VMSC v nh GMSC cng lc. l trong thc t ti thi im ny, ni m cc GMSC xc nh rng cuc gi c dnh cho thu bao thuc mng li ny, bt u x l cuc gi MT. Bc u tin l GMSC lin lc vi HLR, bng cch gi MAP SRI n HLR. a ch ca HLR, di hnh thc ca mt tiu ton cu, c ngun gc t MSISDN ca bn c gi. Mt STP trong mng SS7 ca HPLMN truyn HLR GT vo SPC ca HLR cho thu bao ny. Do , mt mng c th cha mt hoc mt s HLRs; cc GMSCs khng cn cu hnh chn HLR ca thu bao. GMSC ch ra trong thng ip MAP SPI m n h tr CAMEL. GMSC ch ra trong thng ip MAP SRI m khng bit liu cc thu bao c gi l mt thu bao CAMEL hay khng. GMSC sao chp cc yu t thng tin khc nhau t ISUP IAM n thng ip MAP SRI. Khi HLR nhn c thng ip MAP SRI, n xc nh rng thng ip MAP SRI lin quan n mt cuc gi cho mt thu bao CAMEL; MSISDN trong thng ip MAP SRI c s dng tm ra thu bao trong HLR. HLR tin hnh cc hot ng nh vic x l kt thc cuc gi cho cc thu bao CAMEL. Nhng hot ng ny bao gm: Xc nh cc BS yu cu cuc gi; cc BS c ngun gc t BC, LLC v HLC. BC, LLC v HLC l tham s c truyn trong ISUP IAM v c sao chp vo thng ip MAP SRI. TS GSM 09,07 [55] quy nh cc quy tc pht sinh cc hnh thc BS BC, LLC v HLC. Nu cc BS khng th c bt ngun, v d v thiu thng tin trong thng ip MAP SRI, sau l HLR c th p dng BS mc nh. Kim tra xem thu bao c ng k dch v c bn yu cu. V d, mt thu bao c th ng k vo cc cuc gi tc (dich v c bn TS11), nhng khng n cuc gi video (dch v c bn BS30). Kim tra xem liu p dng bt k dch v b sung, chng hn nh chn cuc gi v chuyn tip cuc gi Kim tra xem liu c iu kin kch hot p dng cho T-CSI Hot ng vendor-specific trong HLR c th c thc hin nh sau: Chn T-CSI khi thu bao c gi l hin c tr ti HPLMN. Ty chn ny c th c s dng khi T-CSI lin quan n dch v tr trc, gi s rng cuc gi MT trong HPLMN thay i, cc dch v CAMEL MT (tc l dch v tr trc) khng cn phi c kch hot khi thu bao c gi ang trong HPLMN. Chn T-CSI khi chuyn tip cuc gi u ang ch. Trong trng hp chuyn tip cuc gi u, dch v kt thc thu ph khng c yu cu, do T-CSI b dp tt. Khi HLR c thc hin hot ng khc vi hot ng lit k trn v xc nh rng x l CAMEL p dng cho cuc gi, n gi cc thng ip MAP PSI n VLR ny. Cc thng ip MAP PSI c s dng c c nhng thng tin thu bao sau y: V tr thu bao, bao gm c ID di ng, s v tr, thng tin v mt a l, vv Trng thi thu bao (Idle, bn, hoc khng t c) Vic s dng thng ip MAP PSI trong qu trnh x l cuc gi MT l ty chn, mt HLR c th c cu hnh s dng hoc khng s dng n, ph thuc vo cc thu bao. N c th c yu cu cho cc thu bao tr trc v cho thu bao VPN ni vng, nhng khng cho cc thu bao CAMEL.

Nh mt la chn thc hin thm, mt HLR c th c kh nng s dng thng MAP PSI khi cc thu bao c gi hin ang trong HPLMN v tr li HLR lu tr a ch VLR khi cc thu bao ang chuyn vng bn ngoi HPLMN ny. L do c th l, khi thu bao ang trong HPLMN, cc thng tin v tr c th m c th thu c t thng ip MAP PSI c s dng cho thc t khong cch thu ph ni vng. Khi cng thu bao ang chuyn vng ngoi HPLMN, a ch VLR l cho cc tnh nng ny. HLR thng khng theo di cc v tr v trng thi ca thu bao, v th thng tin ny cn phi c ly t VLR mi khi kt thc cuc gi. Cc thng tin nhn c t VLR c bao gm thng ip MAP SRI-Res v c tr li cho GMSC. Cc MAP SRI-Res cng cha T-CSI, cho php cc GMSC gi mt dch v CAMEL cho cuc gi MT. Nu HLR nu trn kim tra thy CAMEL khng p dng cho cuc gi MT ny, v d nh v thu bao c gi khng c T-CSI, hoc T-CSI chn cuc gi ny, sau HLR gi thng ip MAP PRN n VLR, c c mt MSRN. HLR c MSRN t thng ip MAP SRI-Res cho GMSC. Do , k t GMSC khng bit liu cc thu bao c gi l mt thu bao CAMEL, GMSC c chun b nhn hoc MSRN (cuc gi khngAMEL) hoc T-CSI (cuc gi CAMEL). Cc thng tin thu bao ly t VLR v gi n GMSC c s dng trong cc cuc gi dch v CAMEL. GMSC chuyn tip T-CSI v cc d liu nhn c t HLR nh v tr thng tin, trng thi thu bao v IMSI, n gsmSSF, s dng d liu ny gi dch v CAMEL. Qu trnh x l cuc gi MT hin ang treo cho n khi gsmSCF ch th gsmSSF tip tc x l cuc gi. gsmSCF c th s dng cc thng tin v tr, v d, xc nh xem VPN hn ch hoc chiu cuc gi n p dng. Cc thng tin a im c bo co n gsmSCF, tuy nhin, khng phi l thng tin v tr hin ti. Cc thu bao c gi c th thay i v tr n t bo khc trong mt v tr khu vc. Khi thay i v tr trong khu vc a im, VLR khng cp nht. Khi VLR p ng cc thng ip MAP PSI t HLR, n c ng k ni b v tr v lu tr thng tin v tr. Thng tin ny c lu tr v tr do khng cho thy hin hnh ca thu bao. tui ca cc tham s v tr trong thng tin a im phc v nh l ch dn ca tin cy ca thng tin v tr. Gi s rng cc dch v CAMEL xc nh cuc gi c th tip tc, gsmSCF gi CAP CUE hoc CAP CON n gsmSSF. Khng ging nh x l cuc gi MO, vic s dng CAP CUE v CAP CON trong mc ch khc nhau trong x l cuc gi MT: (1) CAP CUE - GMSC tip tc thit lp cuc gi n MSISDN c gi. (2) CAP CON - khi dch v CAMEL s dng CAP CON, cc p dng sau y: (a) nu cc im n a ch nh tuyn trong i s CAP CON trng cho bn c gi l S trong CAP IDP, sau CAP CON c x l l CAP CUE c thm thng tin.GMSC s dng nhng thng tin mang trong CAP CON ghi ln tng ng tham s trong ISUP. V d nh gi in thoi loi bn hoc s b sung ca bn gi.CAP CON cng c th c s dng cung cp cc mu cnh bo, cc mu cnh bo c gi ti VLR qua MAP tn hiu thng qua HLR. (b) Nu cc im n a ch nh tuyn trong i s CAP CON khc c gi l bn S trong CAP IDP, sau CAP CON c coi l mt hng dn chuyn tip cuc gi.

3.2.2.1 Cuc gi thit lp li cho cuc gi MT Nhiu s kin hoc iu kin c th dn n li khi thit lp cuc gi MT, mt s s kin xy ra trc khi gi CAMEL, nhng s kin khc xy ra sau khi gi CAMEL. Chn cuc gi n - khi HLR xc nh cuc gi c th khng c thit lp cho thu bao do chn cuc gi hoc ODB, sau l HLR s khng tr li d liu CAMEL cho GMSC. HLR s hng dn cc GMSC gii phng cuc gi. Dch v c bn khng ng k khi ngi s dng khng c thu bao yu cu dch v c bn cho cuc gi, v d d liu cuc gi, sau HLR s khng gi tr d liu CAMEL n GMSC; cuc gi s b gii phng m khng c dch v CAMEL c triu gi. Thu bao khng ng k trong VLR - gi nh khng c qu trnh chuyn tip cuc gi ang hot ng cho tnh trng ny, HLR s khng gi tr li d liu CAMEL n GMSC; GMSC gii phng cuc gi. Thu bao tch bit - iu kin tch bit thng khng c bit n trong HLR; HLR gi tr li T-CSI n GMSC. HLR phc hi thng tin thu bao t VLR, v d trng thi thu bao v v tr thu bao. Trng thi thu bao c th l tch bit. HLR vn gi tr li TCSI n GMSC. Khi dch v CAMEL c gi v gi tr li CAP CUE, GMSC khng tham vn ln th hai. HLR khng nhn c MSRN t VLR, k t khi thu bao khng thuc MSC. Gi s khng c chuyn tip cuc gi ang hot ng cho tnh trng ny, HLR gi n GMSC mt thng ip bo li. Khi T-BCSM ca CAMEL phase 1 khng cha lin kt DP vi li thit lp cuc gi, cc gsmSSF trong GMSC kt thc dch v CAMEL bng cch hy b cuc i thoi CAMEL. Hnh cho thy trnh t tn hiu cho tnh trng ny.

Thng bo bn rn, khng reply, khng phn trang - khi VLR phn b mt MSRN cho cuc gi n thu bao v GMSC c nh tuyn cuc gi n VMSC, VMSC c gng kt ni cuc gi n thu bao c gi. iu kin c thng bo khng phn trang, thu bao bn v khng reply dn n thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng. Tnh trng bo bn khi NDUB hoc UDUB. Gi s khng c chuyn tip cuc gi hot ng trong tnh trng li, VMSC gi tr li ISUP REL n GMSC. CAMEL phase 1 T-BCSM khng c lin kt vi li thit lp cuc gi. gsmSSF cho php i thoi CAMEL. Hnh miu t tun t tn hiu cho mt trong cc trng hp ny.

3.2.3 Cuc gi chuyn tip di ng 3.6 Mt s dch v ca CAMEL phase 1 3.6.1 Mng ring o (VPN) Mt trong nhng nguyn tc ca VPN l thu bao GSM thuc mt nhm s dng k hoch quay s ty chnh, phng n quay s gi lp mt mng ring, chng hn nh mt tng i PABX. Mt thnh vin ca VPN gi l thnh vin trong cng nhm VPN bng cch quay s my ca ngi ; bnh thng l mt s c 3 hoc 5 ch s. Cc dch v VPN truyn s ch vo cc th mc s chung ca thnh vin VPN (xem hnh).

Trong hnh ny bn A v bn B thuc mt nhm VPN. Nhm VPN c phn chia trong SCP ca HPLMN. Bn A c th gi bn B bng cch quay s 4523. Bn A c O-CSI trong VLR, khi dch v VPN c gi, VPN nhn ra s bn c gi l 4523 l phn m rng ca cng mt nhm v sau truyn m ngn ny n th mc s ca thu bao 49 172 249 4589. Ngoi ra SCP cung cp s bn gi 3200 phc v MSC ca bn A. Bn B nhn 3200 v hin th ln mn hnh thay v hin th s 49 173 245 3211 ca bn gi Cc dch v VPN c DP O-Answer, nhn c thng bo thit lp cuc gi thnh cng; VPN c th yu cu thng bo ny to ra dch v CDR (mt CDR c to ra bi SCP). Nu CdPN khng thuc v mt nhm VPN, sau VPN quyt nh gi CAP CUE, tip tc cuc gi m khng sa i im n. Thng thng, bt u vi s im n l

"0" khng l VPN m rng. N c th xy ra rng mt s ngn, v d:8844, trong cng mt VPN m rng ca nhm VPN ca ngi gi v m mt dch v thuc mng PLMN. Trong mng PLMN, 8844 c th l mt dch v th mc c sn cho thu bao ti nh v thu bao chuyn vng trong nc. Nu thu bao quay s VPN 8844, VPN c th kt ni cc thu bao thnh vin ca VPN. truy cp vo dch v th mc a phng, cc thu bao VPN c th c quay s 08844. S 0 ch ra cho VPN bit l yu cu truy nhp a phng; VPN truyn CdPN n 8844, truy cp vo dch v th mc. 3.6.2 nh tuyn tr trc ti nh Mc d CAMEL phase 1khng bao gm dch v tr tin trc tuyn, CAMEL phase 1 c s dng cho dch v tr trc. Mt dch v tr trc ca CAMEL phase 1 s dng nguyn tc "ng v nh"; xem hnh:

Nguyn tc s dng CAMEL phase 1 cho dch v tr trc quc t l dch v CAMEL c kch hot t VPLMN s dng nh tuyn cuc gi n mt SSP trong PLMN ca thu bao phc v. SSP l MSC tch hp vi SSF. SSF c th c so snh vi gsmSSF, v c nhng khc bit sau: SSF s dng CS1 hoc dn xut c th ca CS1; SSF khng i hi mt yu t thu bao kch hot dch v, dch v c th kch hot da trn s lng hoc da trn trunk. Dch v CAMEL phase 1 c kch hot t VPLMN cc thng tin nhn c trong CAP IDP. Khi SSP trong HPLMN sinh ra trong cuc gi ny, cc dch v logic trong SCP s dng thng tin c lu tr t CAP IDP qun l cc cuc gi v kt ni cuc gi yu cu im n. S im n c cha trong CAP CON v c nhng nh dng sau y: Destination subscriber number = < SSP routing address >< SCP Id >< Correlation Id > SSP nh tuyn a ch cha ch s s dng cho nh tuyn cuc gi n SSP trong HPLMN. CAMEL phase 1 c ch route home ch c dng khi phc v thu bao tr trc ang trong PLMN khc HPLMN. Do , nh tuyn a ch SSP cha m quc gia, m ch quc gia v s thu bao Id SCP ch ra SCP ti lu tr d liu cuc gi t CAP IDP. Id SCP cn thit khi cc dch v tr trc chy trn nhiu hn mt SCP. Cc SSPs trong HPLMN cha bng

nh x Id SCP v a ch SCP. Khi a ch SCP c nh dng GT, th GT gn lin vi SCP c th. Id tng quan c s dng nh mt ch mc vo tp tin lu tr d liu CAP IDP. SCP c mt s cuc gi tr trc CAMEL phase 1 trong lc thit lp. Id tng quan cn thit trong qu trnh thit lp phase ca cuc gi. Ngay khi SCP thc hin tng quan, cc Id tng quan c tr li cho pool ca Id tng quan ca SCP. SSP sao chp ton b s bn c gi t ISUP IAM vo IDP CS1. Do , SCP c th ly cc mi tng quan Id. V d v cu trc s thu bao ch cho dch v tr trc ti nh ca CAMEL phase 1 nh sau:

Khi mt mi tng quan xy ra, SCP p dng tr tin online s dng ni dung ca CS1 hoc cc giao thc s dng gia SSP v SCP. Dch v CAMEL phase 1 khng duy tr hot ng sau khi gi CAP CON. Hnh v cho thy mt chui tn hiu minh ha cho nh tuyn ti nh CAMEL phase 1; bo hiu c th hin cho n khi gi ISUP IAM t SSP. Khng phi tt c bo hiu ISUP c phn nh.

Thu bao in thoi khng cn phi nhn thc c rng route home c p dng cho cc cuc gi. Tnh hung kh x ca c ch route home bao gm: Thm vo dch v kch hot v bo hiu CAP/CS1; dch v kch hot din ra t hai nt trong mng li, dn n tng mng li v ti tn hiu mng. Thm ISUP trunk s dng. Cuc gi lun lun c nh tuyn thng qua mt SSP trong HPLMN ca thu bao c phc v, thay v trc tip n ch. Nu bn c gi l mt thu bao ca mng trong mt quc gia khc so vi HPLMN ca cc thu bao c phc v, sau nh tuyn cuc gi l ti u. iu ny th hin c bit l khi bn mi gi mt im n a phng; xem hnh v. Trong trng hp ny cuc gi xy ra romboning.

Cc nh iu hnh phi quyt nh nh th no tnh ph cc thu bao gi in thoi cho cuc gi chuyn vng trong CAMEL phase 1. V d nh: Ph cuc gi cn phn nh vic s dng ISUP thc t; Ph cuc gi cn phi da vo khong cch gia cc bn gi v mng ch, khng tnh n mt kt ni tromboning c th gia; Mt mc ph c p dng cho cc cuc gi quc t. 3.6.3 Quay s ngn c CLI guarantee C ch route home s dng CAMEL phase 1 tr trc c th s dng "CLI guarantee (Hnh v). Khi thit lp mt cuc gi quc t, s bn gi (CgPN) c th mt trong qu trnh truyn dn do c im ca sng mang. Vn quan trng khi truy cp vo hp th thoi; CgPN quen vi vic chn th thoi ca ngi dng m khng cn chng thc.

Khi dch v CAMEL phase 1 c kch hot, n lu tr (mt s) thng s t CAP IDP, c bit l s bn c gi (CdPN) v s bn gi (CgPN). Cc dch v CAMEL gi CAP CON, nh tuyn cuc gi n SSP trong HPLMN. SSP p dng kch hot li, da trn s bn c gi hin ti trong ISUP IAM. Kch hot li s dng CS1 hoc giao thc c quyn. Khi tng quan c thc hin trong SCP, SCP gi CS1 CON, bao gm c CdPN v CgPN ban u.

CdPN c th c truyn, v d, a ch SS7 ca hp th thoi ca thu bao. S bao gm CgPN gc trong CON CS1 m bo rng CgPN c mt trong bo hiu ISUP hng ti im n. S dng CAP cho retriggering s khng c thc t cho vic bo lnh CLI, k t khi CAP khng c kh nng sa i cc CgPN.