Camelopardalis

Camelopardalis /kmlprdls/ or the Giraeconstellation is a large, faint grouping of stars in thenorthern sky. The constellation was introduced in 1612(or 1613) by Petrus Plancius. Some older astron-omy books give an alternative spelling of the name,Camelopardus.[1]

1 EtymologyFirst attested in English in 1785, the word camelopardaliscomes from Latin,[3] and it is the romanisation ofthe Greek "" meaning "girae",[4]from "" (kamlos), "camel"[5] + ""(pardalis), "leopard",[6] due to its having a long neck likea camel and spots like a leopard.

2 Notable features

The constellation Camelopardalis as it can be seen by the nakedeye.

2.1 Stars

See also: List of stars in Camelopardalis

AlthoughCamelopardalis is the 18th largest constellation,it is not a particularly bright constellation, as the brighteststars are only of fourthmagnitude. In fact, it only containsfour stars above magnitude 5.0.[7]

Cam is a blue-hued supergiant star of magnitude4.3, 5000 light-years from Earth. Its distance is un-usual for a naked-eye star.[1]

Cam is the brightest star in Camelopardalis withan apparent magnitude of 4.03. This star is a doublestar, with components of magnitudes 4.0[8] and 8.6.The primary is a yellow-hued supergiant 1000 light-years from Earth.[1]

11 Cam is a star of magnitude 5.2, 650 light-yearsfrom Earth. It is very close to magnitude 6.1 12Cam, also 650 light-years from Earth, but the twostars are not a true double star because of theirseparation.[1]

1694 (Struve 1694, 32 Cam) is a binary star 300light-years from Earth. Both components have ablue-white hue; the primary is of magnitude 5.4 andthe secondary is of magnitude 5.9.[1]

CS Cam is the second brightest star, though it hasneither a Bayer nor a Flamsteed designation. It is ofmagnitude 4.21 and is slightly variable.[8]

ZCam is frequently observed as part of a program ofAAVSO.[9] It is the prototype of Z Camelopardalisvariable stars.

Other variable stars are U Camelopardalis, VZCamelopardalis, and Mira variables T Camelopardalis,X Camelopardalis, and R Camelopardalis.[8] RUCamelopardalis is one of the brighter Type II Cepheidsvisible in the night sky.In 2011 a supernova was discovered in theconstellation.[10]

1

2 5 EQUIVALENTS

2.2 Deep-sky objects

Camelopardalis is in the part of the celestial sphere fac-ing away from the galactic plane. Accordingly, many dis-tant galaxies are visible within its borders. NGC 2403is a galaxy in the M81 group of galaxies, located ap-proximately 12 million light-years from Earth[11][1] witha redshift of 0.00043. It is classied as being between anelliptical and a spiral galaxy because it has faint arms anda large central bulge. NGC 2403 was rst discovered bythe 18th century astronomer William Herschel, who wasworking in England at the time.[11] It has an integratedmagnitude of 8.0 and is approximately 0.25 long.[1]

NGC 1502 is a magnitude 6.9 open cluster about 3,000light years from Earth. It has about 45 bright mem-bers, and features a double star of magnitude 7.0 at itscenter.[12] NGC 1502 is also associated with KemblesCascade, a simple but beautiful asterism appearing in thesky as a chain of stars 2.5 long that is parallel to theMilky Way and is pointed towards Cassiopeia.[1] NGC1501 is a planetary nebula located roughly 1.4 south ofNGC 1502.NGC 2655 is a small galaxy. IC 342 is one of the bright-est two galaxies in the IC 342/Maei Group of galax-ies. The dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 1569 is a magnitude11.9 starburst galaxy, about 11 million light years away.MS0735.6+7421 is a galaxy cluster with a redshift of0.216, located 2.6 billion light-years from Earth. It isunique for its intracluster medium, which emits x-rays ata very high rate. This galaxy cluster features two cavi-ties 600,000 light-years in diameter, caused by its cen-tral supermassive black hole, which emits jets of matter.MS0735.6+7421 is one of the largest and most distantexamples of this phenomenon.[11]

Tombaugh 5 is a fairly dim open cluster inCamelopardalis. It has an overall magnitude of 8.4and is located 5,800 light-years from Earth. It is a Shap-ley class c and Trumpler class III 1 r cluster, meaningthat it is irregularly shaped and appears loose. Though itis detached from the star eld, it is not concentrated atits center at all. It has more than 100 stars which do notvary widely in brightness,[13] mostly being of the 15thand 16th magnitude.[14]

NGC 2146 is an 11th magnitude barred spiral starburstgalaxy conspicuously warped by interaction with a neigh-bour.MACS0647-JD, one of the possible candidates for thefarthest known galaxies in the universe (z= 10.7), is alsoin Camelopardalis.

2.3 Meteor showers

The annual May meteor shower Camelopardalids fromcomet 209P/LINEAR have a radiant in Camelopardalis.

2.4 Space exploration

The space probe Voyager 1 is moving in the direction ofthis constellation, though it will not be nearing any of thestars in this constellation for many thousands of years, bywhich time its power source will be long dead.

3 History

Camelopardalis as depicted in Uranias Mirror, a set of constel-lation cards published in London c.1825. Above it are shown thenow-abandoned constellations of Tarandus and CustosMessium.

Camelopardalis was created by Petrus Plancius in 1613to represent the animal Rebecca rode to marry Isaac inthe Bible.[1] One year later, Jakob Bartsch featured it inhis atlas. Johannes Hevelius gave it the ocial name ofCamelopardus or Camelopardalis because he saw theconstellations many faint stars as the spots of a girae.[7]

4 VisualizationsH. A. Rey has suggested an alternative way to connect thestars of Camelopardalis into a girae gure.The giraes body consists of the quadrangle of stars Cam, Cam, BE Cam, and Cam: Cam and Cambeing of the fourth magnitude. The stars HD 42818 (HR2209) and M Cam form the head of the girae, and thestars M Cam and Cam form the giraes long neck.Stars Cam and 7 Cam form the giraes front leg, andvariable stars BE Cam and CS Cam form the giraeshind leg.

5 EquivalentsIn Chinese astronomy, the stars of Camelopardalis arelocated within a group of circumpolar stars called thePurple Forbidden Enclosure ( Z Wi Yun).

3Diagram of H. A. Rey's method of connecting the stars of theconstellation Camelopardalis, in order to show a girae.

6 See also Camelopardalis (Chinese astronomy)

7 ReferencesCitations

[1] Ridpath 2001, pp. 92-93.

[2] Camelopardalis, constellation boundary. The Constel-lations (International Astronomical Union). Retrieved 14February 2014.

[3] Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. camelopardalis. ALatin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 8June 2012.

[4] Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert."". A Greek-English Lexicon. PerseusDigital Library. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

[5] Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "". AGreek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Re-trieved 8 June 2012.

[6] Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "". AGreek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Re-trieved 8 June 2012.

[7] Staal 1988, p. 241.

[8] Norton 1973, pp. 118=119.

[9] American Association of Variable Star Observers

[10] Boyle, Rebecca (3 January 2011). 10-Year-Old Cana-dian Girl Is The Youngest Person Ever to Discover a Su-pernova. Popular Science. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

[11] Wilkins & Dunn 2006.

[12] Revised NGC/IC Data 2013. Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke.

[13] Levy 2005, p. 89.

[14] Levy 2005, p. 91.

References

Levy, David H. (2005), Deep Sky Objects,Prometheus Books, ISBN 1-59102-361-0

Norton, Arthur P. (1973), Nortons Star Atlas, pp.118119, ISBN 0-85248-900-5

Rey, H. A. (1997), The StarsA New Way To SeeThem, Houghton Miin, ISBN 0-395-24830-2

Ridpath, Ian (2001), Stars and Planets Guide,Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08913-2

Ridpath, Ian (2007), Stars and Planets Guide, WilTirion (4th ed.), Princeton University Press, ISBN978-0-691-13556-4

Staal, Julius D.W. (1988), The New Patterns in theSky, McDonald and Woodward Publishing Com-pany, ISBN 0-939923-04-1

Wilkins, Jamie; Dunn, Robert (2006), 300 Astro-nomical Objects: A Visual Reference to the Universe(1st ed.), Firey Books, ISBN 978-1-55407-175-3

8 External links The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations:Camelopardalis

Star Tales Camelopardalis NASA - Voyager Interstellar Mission Characteris-tics

Camelopardalis Constellation at ConstellationGuide

Coordinates: 06h 00m 00s, +70 00 00

4 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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