Carbon Monoxide- Sumayah

8/3/2019 Carbon Monoxide- Sumayah

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Carbon Monoxide:- the silent, cold

weather killer Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless and odourless

gas. Because you cant see, taste or smell it, it canaffect you or your family before you even know its

there.

Even at low levels of exposure, carbon monoxide

can cause serious health problems. CO is harmful

because it will rapidly accumulate in the blood, de-

pleting the ability of blood to carry oxygen

Why is CO the silent, cold weather killer?

Carbon monoxide poisoning can kill without warning overexposed

victim simply falls asleep and never regains consciousness.

Although not always experienced, the initial symptoms of CO are simi-lar to the flu (but without the fever). But it can also mimic other ail-

ments like gastric flu or stomache upset

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTSOF CARBON MOMONOXIDE

Volume 1, Issue 1

16th MAC 2011

Introduction of Carbon

Monoxide

1

Sources of CO 1

The Chemistry and Sci-

ence behind CO Poisoning2

Effects of Carbon Monox- 3

Prevention of CO poisoning 4

Internal carbon

monoxide information

Upgrade your

thinking!!!

CO + haemoglobin = what

happen to our biologicalsystem in term of oxygen

transportation?

CO monoxide detector, are

they really necessary???

Check out your daily life. Areyou one of the victim ofCarbo Monoxiode over expo-

sure? What should you do?

Where does CO come from?

Common sources of CO include the following wood or gas fueled appliances:

Room heaters

Furnaces

Charcoal grills

Cooking ranges

Portable generators

Wood burning stoves

Water heaters

Automobiles run in closed garages

Fireplaces

Writer: NOOR SUMAYAH BT ISMAIL

Imagine it!!

Just in a few

second.. Your

Hb start to love

another one..

Are you willing

to face it?

HOW DOESCARBON MON-OXIDE CHANGEOUR LIFE???

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CO + BODY SYSTEM = ???

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE

EFFECTS OFCARBON MONOXIDE

MYOGLOBIN

CO binds to the hemeprotein myoglobin. It has a high affinity for myoglobin, about 60 times greater than that ofoxygen.

CO bound to myoglobin may impair its ability to utilize oxygen. This causes reduced cardiac output and hy-potension which may result in brain ischemia. This results following a recurrence of increased carboxyhemoglo-bin levels; this effect may be due to a late release of carbon monoxide from myoglobin, which subsequently

CYTOCHROME OXIDASE

effects on the mitochondrial respi-ratory enzyme chain that is re-sponsible for effective tissue utili-

zation of oxygen.

CO binds to cytochrome oxidasewith less affinity than oxygen, so itis possible that it requires signifi-cant intracellular hypoxia before

binding

This binding interferes with aerobicmetabolism and efficient adeno-sine triphosphate synthesis. Cellsrespond by switching to anaerobicmetabolism, causing anoxia, lactic

acidosis and eventual cell death.

The rate of dissociataion betweenCO and Cytochrome oxidase isslow, causing a relatively pro-longed impairment of oxidative

Central Nervous system

The mechanism that is thought to have a significant influ-ence on delayed effects involves formed blood cells and chemicalmediators, which cause brain lipid peroxidation (degradation of un-

saturated fatty acids).

Carbon monoxide causes endothelial cell and platelet release ofnitric oxide and the formation of oxygen free radicals including per-

oxynitrite

In the brain this causes further mitochondrial dysfunction, capillary

leakage, leucocyte sequestration, and apoptosis

The result of these effects is lipid peroxidation, which causes de-layed reversible demyelinization of white matter in the central nerv-ous system which can lead to edema and necrosis within the brainThis brain damage occurs mainly during the recovery period. Thismay result in cognitive defects, especially affecting memory and

learning, and movement disorders

Pregnancy

Carbon monoxide poisoning in pregnant women maycause severe adverse fetal effects. Poisoning causes fetal tis-sue hypoxia by decreasing the release of maternal oxygen to

the fetus.

CO also crosses the placenta and combines with fetal haemo-globin causing more direct fetal tissue hypoxia. Additionally,fetal hemoglobin has a 10 to 15% higher affinity for carbonmonoxide than adult hemoglobin, causing more severe poi-

soning in the fetus than in the adult.

Elimination of carbon monoxide is slower in the fetus, leadingto an accumulation of the toxic chemical. Eventually may

cause to death.

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The Chemistry and Science behind Carbon MonoxidePoisoning

1. This invisible hazard is a potential killer, and even if itdoesnt kill it can cause serious damage when breathedin to the body. It does this by displacing the oxygen inthe blood and effectively starving the bodys vital organsof oxygen, thus destroying cells.

2. When it is breathed in, carbon monoxide reacts with thehaemoglobin in red blood cells and forms carboxyhemo-globin (COHb). The bond between carbon monoxide andhaemoglobin is 200x stronger than that of oxygen andhaemoglobin. The carbon monoxide is therefore able todisplace the oxygen levels in the blood with ease. Thelack of oxygen results in organs such as the brain, heartan lungs starving of oxygen and suffering serious oreven permanent damage. The damage caused by thecarbon monoxide depends upon the levels of carbonmonoxide that have been breathed in.

3. The percentage of COHb in the body can determine thetype of symptoms or levels of damage that may be ex-perienced:

Symptoms Associated With a Given Concentration of COHb

[COHb] symptoms 10% COHb No symptoms. Heavy smokers can have as

much as 9% COHb.

15% COHb Mild headache.

25% COHb Nausea and serious headache. Fairly quick re-covery after treatment with oxygen and/or freshair.

30% COHb Symptoms intensify. Potential for long term ef-fects especially in the case of infants, children,the elderly, victims of heart disease and preg-nant women.

45% COHb Unconsciousness

50+% COHb Death


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Installation:

Proper installation is critical to the safe operation of combustion appli-

ances. All new appliances have installation instructions that should befollowed exactly. Local building codes should be followed as well.

Adequate combustion air should be provided to ensure complete com-

bustion.

Maintenance:

A qualified service technician should perform preventive maintenance

on homes with central and room heating appliances (including water

heaters and gas dryers) annually.

Chimneys and flues should be kept free of blockages, corrosion, and

loose connections. Kerosene and gas space heaters (vented or unvented) should be cleaned

and inspected to ensure proper operation.

Appliance Use:

Follow manufacturers' directions for safe operation.

Make sure the room where an unvented gas or kerosene space heater is

used is well ventilated; doors leading to another room should be open to

allow added ventilation.

Never use an unvented combustion heater overnight or in a room where

you are sleeping. Never use charcoal grills inside a home, tent, camper, or unventilated

garage.

Don't leave vehicles running in an enclosed garage, even to "warm up" a

car on a cold morning.

Prevention of CO poisoning

-A Matter Of Life Or Death

Is it this is the best method???

BE AWARE WITH CARBONMONOIXIDE...IT MIGHT KILL YOUWITHOUTCARE WHOYOU ARE.

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Carbon Monoxide- Sumayah