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Carthusian Order
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St. Bruno
(1028-1101)
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Outline of Presentation
1. Context of Foundation
2. Founder : St. Bruno
3. Foundational Idea & Inspiration4. Lifestyle
5. Formation process & Organization
6. Todays Carthusian
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1. Context
1. Context
A. Civil Context: 11th Century
* 11th c : China - ( Song ) Dynasty: India - Invasion of Islam
Holy Roman Empire(German empire)
France
Byzantin
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1054 : Great Schism of Oriental Church
1050~1080 : 2nd Eucharist Controversy
1073~1085 : Gregory reformation
1077 : The emperor Henryapologized to Gregory in Canossa
( 1080, 1084~1100 : Antipope Clement by emperor, Henry)
1084 : Bruno founded the Carthusian Order. 1088~1099 : Pope Urban(Brunos former student) 1095 : Council of Clermont (Bruno attended this Council)
1096~1099 : 1st Crusade
1099 ~1118 : Pope Pachal
1. Context
B. Ecclesiastical Context
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1. Context
Reformation by Pope Gregory, and the Emperorsresistance against the reformation produced big tension
between Emperor & Pope e.g. Walk to Canossa(1077)
B-1. Characteristic of Church in late 11th Century
In Canossa, the Emperor
Henry is apologizing to
Pope for his resistance
Later, when the
emperor got the
power again, he
appointed anti-
pope Clement
This tension continued on theGregorys successors- Victor, Urban, Paschal .
This situation affects to the Carthusian Order
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1. Context
Criticizing and Re-examination on the Cluniac
Monasticism, which is so rich and splendid, the old
monastic value emerged with longing for the value
of solitude and poverty.revival of Eremiticmovement
B-2. Religious life on late 11th Century
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Outline of Presentation
1. Context of Foundation
2. Founder : St. Bruno
3. Foundational Idea & Inspiration4. Lifestyle
5. Formation process & Organization
6. Todays Carthusian
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2. Founder
St. Bruno (1028-1101 )
2. Founder
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2. Founder
1028 : born in Cologne,
Germany1043 : Studying in Rheims
,France
1056: becomes famous teacher
and principal of university.
1080: renounced everything
1084: Founded his order with
six companions at the mountain
of Chartreuse in French Alps
birth
Studying
Foundation of
Carthusian
Carthusian Order
& Teaching
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2. Founder
1090 : Pope Urban calls
Bruno to Rome as a counselor
in the difficulty of relationship
with emperor.
Bruno obeyed, but his
companions break up
..later they regroup
Birth(1028)
Studying & Teaching
Foundation of
Carthusian(1084)
Calling by Pope Urban (1090)
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2. Founder1091 : Bruno got the
permission of establishing
the second Charterhouse in
La Torre of Calabria, Italy.
1101 : October 6. Died inLa Torre without chance to
go to La Chartreuse (mother
house) again.
1147: Forty-six years after
his death, Carthusian Nuns
monastery was established in
Provence in France
Birth(1028)
Studying & Teaching
Foundation of
Carthusian(1084)
Calling by Pope Urban (1090)
2nd Foundation at La Torre
in Calabria(1091)Death(1101)
Nuns (1147)
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Outline of Presentation
1. Context of Foundation
2. Founder : St. Bruno
3. Foundational Idea & Inspiration4. Lifestyle
5. Formation process & Organization
6. Todays Carthusian
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3. Idea & Inspiration
Source of Foundation
3. Foundational idea & Inspiration
Context of time Brunos Context His Companions
Eremitic
Movement
& Benedictine
Monastery
Studying the Desert
Fathers, especially
St.Cassian (Bridge of
Eastern & Western)
They are from
the St.Ruf Order
which was influenced
By St. Cassian
Synthesized
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3. Idea & Inspiration
3. Foundational idea & Inspiration
Eremitic
Lifestyle
Rule
of
Benedict
Desert Fathers
& St.Cassians
Spirituality
Living in Hermit With regular prayer
& Ora et LaboraValuing
Radical Self-emptiness
and
Contemplative silence
Synthesized
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Outline of Presentation
1. Context of Foundation
2. Founder : St. Bruno
3. Foundational Idea & Inspiration4. Lifestyle
5. Formation process & Organization
6. Todays Carthusian
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4. Lifestyle4. Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleA. Structure of Charterhouse
Cell
: They spend most of their
time in the cell except three
times of meeting (2 Office +Mass)
In the cell, they eat, pray,
work, study, sleep, etc.
Church
Gate
Watching tower
Garden
Great Cloister
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhousecell : praying alone
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4. Lifestyle
cell :spiritualexercise alone..
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4. Lifestyle
cell : eating alone
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4. Lifestyle
serving meal by Brother
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4. Lifestyle
cell : Studying alone
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4. Lifestyle
cell : working alone
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4. Lifestyle
cell : sleeping alone
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
Together in the church : they meet threetimes (Mass, Vesper, Matin/Laud)
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
They have a music lesson from expert
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
Sometimes, they have assembly
if l
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
Corridor
4 Lif l
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4. LifestyleCorridor
4 Lif t l
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
Common place
4 Lif t l
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4. LifestyleB. Life in Charterhouse
Library
4 Lif t l
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4. Lifestyle
Common place
4 Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleC. Different lifestyle
Two Groups of Monks
Choir Monks (Fathers) Lay Brothers
- Ordained Priests ( Nun is lay)
- They spend time mostly
in their own cell
- Focusing on contemplative life,yet they do manual work like
copying manuscripts.
- They spend much of their time
out of their cells.
- Providing service:
( cooking, vegetable cultivating,
gardening, plumbing job,
paintwork, making wine,
carpentry, etc.)
4 Lifestyle
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Time place11:30 am Dinner cell
12:30 pm Cleaning mending cell
1:15 pm Little Office.( Nones) cell
1:30 pm Spiritual exercises cell
; also gardening, cutting,firewood
3:30 pm Little Office cell
3:45 pm Vespers * chapel
4:15 pm Spiritual exercises cell
6:45 pm Angelus cell7:15 pm Compline cell
8:00 pm Sleep cell
11:45 pm Rise cell
Time place
11:45 pm Rise cell
12:00 Little Office cell
12:15 am Matin/Lauds * chapel
2:45 am Little Office cell
3:00 am Sleep cell
6:45 am Rise cell
7:00 am Little Office (Prime) cell
7:30 am Spiritual exercises cell
8:00 am Little Office. (Terce) cell8:15 am Mass * chapel
10:00 am Spiritual exercises cell
11:15 am Little Office. (Sexte) cell
4. LifestyleTimetable of Choir Monks (Fathers)
4 Lifestyle
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4. Lifestyle
Once a week, the community members take a long walk
in the countryside during which they may speak;
On Sundays and feast days, a community meal is taken
togetherin silence.
Twice a yearthere is a day-long community recreation.
Once a year, the monk may receive an visit from their
family members.
Special Schedule
4 Lifestyle
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4. Lifestyle
Sunday common meal
4 Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleTaking a long walk
4 Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleReading Newspaper
l i h bi i h i ill d i h f f
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Blessing the Babies in their village during the feast of St. Bruno
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They are called Little Carthusian
4 Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleWork of Lay Brothers
cooking
4. Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleWork of Lay Brothers
sewing
4. Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleWork of Lay Brothers
making a book
4. Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleWork of Lay Brothers
making Liqueur
4. Lifestyle
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4. LifestyleWork of Lay Brothers
Famous Carthusian Liqueur
4. Lifestyle
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y
Nuns
4. Lifestyle
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y
Nuns
4. Lifestyle
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y
Nuns
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4. Formation & Organization
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g
A. Formation Process
3. Formation Process & Organization
Postulancy : 3~12 months
Novitiate : 2 years
Simple Vows : 3 years
Renewal of Simple Vows : 2 years
Solemn Profession
4. Formation & Organization
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Monks & Brothers
B. Organization
Prior
Vicar Procurator
Prior: elected by the monks -both
Fathers and Brothers.
Vicar
: Deputy for Prior, appointed
by Prior. Normally senior or
former prior
Procurator: management for all material
matter and maintenace linking
with outside, under the Priors
direction. Supervisor of Brothers.
4. Formation & Organization
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Monks & Brothers
B. Organization
Prior
Vicar
Council members (5): Helpers in administration.
: Consisted by
- Prior,
- Vicar,- Procurator,
- one Father or Brother
chosen by Prior,
- one Father or Brother
elected by community.
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Outline of Presentation
1. Context of Foundation
2. Founder : St. Bruno
3. Foundational Idea & Inspiration4. Lifestyle
5. Formation process & Organization
6.
Todays Carthusian
6. Today
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Argentina(1)
Brazil(1)
France(6)
Germany(1)
Italy(4)
Portugal(1)
Slovenia(1)
Spain(5)Switzerland(1)
UK(1)
US(1)S-Korea(2)
12 countries= 25 monasteries
= male 370 + female 75
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Recently, one movie director, Philip Groning knocked
the door of Carthusian house in France
I want to make a film about your life. May I enter?
Of courseNot!
But, ..give us time to think about it.
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After sixteen years,
Ok, but only one person can enter.
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Through this experience, this film was born.
He stayed for six months with monks in silence and
followed their daily schedule
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There is a famous statement on Carthusian.
Religio Cartusianorum nunquam reformata
quia nunquam deformata(Carthusian Order has never been reformed
because it has never been deformed)
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http://youtube.com (Visiting a Carthusian monastery)
http://youtube com (Visiting a Carthusian monastery)
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http://youtube.com (Visiting a Carthusian monastery)
(In the last part of Video Clip)
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(In the last part of Video Clip)
One monk said...
Yes. Our life is like the woman whoseemingly waste oil in front of Jesus
But with this waste, breaking the vase
as the Scriptures say
Our life looks like wasting time.
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The perfume is spread in all the house!
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I think
the perfume of our life
spreads in all the Church,in all the world.
Maraming Salamat po!