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1
2012 1
46 20 1
2
1 2012 1 460,279
19 6
http://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1114010&ctNode=29699&mp=1
2 518,829
http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/list.aspx 2012.1.26
http://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1114010&ctNode=29699&mp=1http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/list.aspx2
3
3
2012
4
94 101
32005 11 10
42011 11 23 A8 10
4
10
5
5
2004 2012
5
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/xhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/x6
2011 9 13 10 22 12
100
455 376
6
6
95 11
7
8
9
( marriage immigrant )
1988
7
2003
95
11
7 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/10
72
?
3
2 1 0
11
1 0.5 0
5 1
12
13
( citizenship )
Arendt
Benhabib, 2004:13
T. H. Marshall1949
(Citizenship and Social class)
(civil rights)(political rights)(social rights)
1918
(full-employment)
(social class)
14
200424Patrick, 2000
Heater, 2002: 3
Benhabib2004:129-49
Marshall
Joppke,2007:37-48
Hammer1989
Kofman2005: 455
(decoupling)
(recoupling)
Engin et al.2009(political subjectivity)
Joppke (2007:37-48)
15
(2006)
98 3 31
9
16
(nationalism)
(nationalism)
2003
2004
17
2004
2006
10
4 6 16
19 3 5
18
Allport
G. W. Allport1935
1983 Allport
19
Allport
1989Almond
1989H. T. Reynolds(1974)
1989
1974
1983
20
19895
Almond1974
Hess Torney
Jennings
Niemi (lifelong persistence model)(life openness
model)(life-cycle model)(generational model)
Jennings Niemi
Jennings Niemi
(life long persistence model)
21
(life openness model)
(life-cycle model)
(generational model)
(2008)
(recency argument)(primacy Argument)
22
Greenstein(1968)
Easton Dennis (1969)
Jennings Niemi (1968)
Almond Verba (1963)
23
1989
1991
1993
19971998
24
(1998)()(1999)
(sense of political trust)
1990
Mishler and Rose19972003Easton
Easton19752002
Miller1974
Miller
25
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
(sense of political efficacy)
Campbell, Gurin & Miller1954
Almond and Verba1996
(1989)
1990
26
(political knowledge)
200794
200796
198911
2005
19971993
(1990
27
2000
Campbell (attachment)
Campbell19541999
Campbell19601999
19962001
1989
1.
2.
3.
(1991)
28
(2000)
sense of national identity
, 1993
1981
(polity)
Easton
(attachment to political community)
(in-group)(we-group)
1997(2004)
29
1993131
19937
200062 2002121-122200483200561
200234
Milbrath Goel1977
Verba Nie1980
30
199839-41
2003
Hungtington
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hungtington
9134-36
1.
31
2.
3.
17
Milbrath Goel(1977)
1. (voting)
2. (party and campaign works)
3. (citizen initiated contacts) (contacting
officials)
32
4. (community activity)
5. (protestation)
Theiss-Morse (1992)
1. (voting and informed)
2.(conventional participation)
3.(contacting activities)
4.(unconventional participation)
Verba Nie
HungtingtonWeinerTheiss-MorseRawls
33
(civil disobedience) 87133-157
2007 9 9
2008 12 27
1.
Milbrath
Goel1977 78
84 84
2.
34
Jennings and Niemi
( 2011)
3.
78
2003
4.
(1998)
5.
35
(2010)
6.
(social cohesion)(structural equivalence)
Burt(1987)
36
Milbrath
and Goel(1965:143)
1992
11912 Francis Stuart Chapin
(Variability of Popular
Vote and Presidential Election)
1940 (Columbia School)
P.E.Lazarsfeld Bernard P.Berelson
37
(Social-psychological approach) 1950
Campbell The Voter Decide
(candidate orientation) (issue orientation)
(Michigan School) (Micro-analysis)
(Model of Funnel of
Causality)
1950-1960 1970
Nie, Verba, and Petrocik, 1976
38
Campbell et al., 1960
Anthony Downs
An Economic Theory of Democracy 1957
-
(Southwell1988)
( 2003 162)
1996
39
1950
1961
(Log-Linear Model)
( Discriminate Analysis)
19921
19974
40
1973
1 2 3 4
1980
198169
1970
200891
199822
41
1991
199419952000
2008
Delli
Carpini and Keeter ,1996
2003
42
43
A
B
C
H2
H1
H3
3.1-1
3.1-1
44
3.1-1
3.1-1 A
3.1-1 B
1. A
2. B
C
3. H1
4. H2
5. H3
1-1
45
2-1
2-2
2-3
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
46
2011
12 2
Gay1992
3012
2
100 9 13 10 22 455
376 82.64%
47
3.3-1
3.3-1
35 27
35 32
25 18
30 28
35 31
35 29
30 22
30 26
30 19
30 23
25 20
25 21
20 17
10 7
60 56
455 376
455 376 82.64
48
12
12
15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36
1-5
1-7
1-3
1 1-3 4-6 7-10
10 1-5
1- 2- 3-
4-
1-4
1-8
1-3
1-4
TEDS
49
4 () 7
*()
()
2 1 4
1
5 (
)
?2012
(SPSS)
(Descriptive Statistics Analysis)
50
(ANOVA)
F P0.05
P0.05 (Scheffe method)
(Chi-Square)
(Logistic Regression Analysis)
51
28 7.4% 348 92.6%
4.1-1
(2004)
2011 12 46
4.1-1
28 7.4
348 92.6
376 100
52
( 4.1-2)15-25 21 5.6% 31-35
149 39.6% 36 115 30.6%26-30
91 24.2% 1970
1990 2005
4.1-2
15-25 21 5.6
26-30 91 24.2
31-35 149 39.6
36 115 30.6
376 100
169 44.9%
93 24.7% 54 14.4% 4.1-3
4.1-3
93 24.7
169 44.9
54 14.4
11 2.9
24 6.4
5 1.3
18 4.8
376 100
53
2012 2012
95
60.97% 100
46.76%
189 50.3% 133
35.4% 54 14.4%( 4.1-4)
4.1-4
189 50.3
133 35.4
54 14.4
376 100
176 46.8% 13
3.5%( 4.1-5)
72
54
4.1-5
13 3.5
44 11.7
58 15.4
85 22.6
176 46.8
376 100
75.8%
13.3% 3.2%( 4.1-6)
889,353
4.1-6
115 30.6
170 45.2
50 13.3
12 3.2
29 7.7
376 100
55
76.9%( 4.1-7)
(Ethnic groups of Taiwan)
73% 10% 13.3% 3.5%
4.1-7
4.1-7
33 7.7
289 76.9
17 4.5
9 2.4
28 7.4
376 100
179 47.6%(
4.1-8)
4.1-8
179 47.6
59 15.7 59/93
55 14.6 55/169
20 5.3 20/54
9 2.4 9/11
14 3.7 14/24
5 1.3 5/5
35 9.3 35/18
376 100 376
56
4.1-3 100%
37.0% 32.5%
81.8% 58.3% 63.4%
4.1-9
59.3%
4.1-9
223 59.3
83 22.1
27 7.2
43 11.4
376 100
20% 80%( 4.1-10)
57
4.1-10
5 1.3
70 18.6
150 39.9
151 40.2
376 100
258
68.6% 181
70.1%
1.
4-1-11
71%
58
4.1-11 (N=376)
1 250 55 71 376
2 153 70 153 376
3 185 82 109 376
4 245 63 68 376
2.
*()(
) 2 1
4
1
170 45.2% 111
29.5% 60 16% 13 3.5%
6 1.6% 16 5%
(ANOVA)
(Chi-square)
59
4.2-1
(F=9.007p.01)
(F=3.739p.01)
Scheff36 26-30 (0.72180.5771)
F=8.373p.01 Scheff
(0.70270.47730.71950.4205
0.71950.4773)
(F=4.189p.01) Scheff
(0.76250.6912)
(F=7.735p.001)
Scheff
(F=3.674p.05) Scheff
(F=2.740p.05)
(F=2.018p=.062)(F=2.321p=.062)
(F=2.674p=.156)
60
4.2-1 (N376)
(A) (B1)
F
28 .4688 .31846 9.007**
348 .6577 .32064
15-25 21 .5476 .40403 3.739*
26-30 91 .5646 .32294
30-35 149 .6644 .32430 db
36 115 .6967 .29574
93 .7419 .30663 2.018
169 .6109 .33780
54 .6296 .33555
11 .6250 .25000
24 .5729 .24704
5 .7083 .31458
18 .6111 .29670
187 .6070 .31844 2.810
133 .6908 .31667
54 .6690 .34268
12 .3854 .37484 7.262***
44 .4773 .30052
58 .6034 .28786 db
85 .6779 .32412 ea
176 .7031 .31271 eb
115 .6098 .33775 4.189**
170 .6912 .27973
50 .7625 .26153 cb
12 .5417 .29355
33 .6970 .31720 1.750
289 .6721 .30099
17 .6618 .31488
9 .4444 .30689
61
179 .7228 .29278 9.329***
59 .7458 .33894
14 .6429 .34619
20 .6438 .28756
9 .7361 .22048
14 .6429 .34619
5 .6250 .45069
35 .4375 .29092
223 .6056 .32308 3.674*
83 .7395 .28771
27 .6343 .34829
5 .6750 .44721
70 .7138 .25823 2.764*
150 .6884 .30873
138 .6017 .32196
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
4.2-2
62
4.2-3
4.2-2
(F3.784p0.053)
4.2-3
(2=3.918df=2p=.141)
4.2-2
(F0.894p0.44)
4.2-3
(2=8.853df=6p=.182)
4.2-2
F0.787p0.581
4.2-3
2=13.073df=12p=.364
4.2-2
63
F2.469p0.086
4.2-3
2=3.457df=4p=.485
4.2-2
F5.306p0.001
4.2-3
2=13.275df=8p=.103
4.2-2
F3.403p0.05 Scheff
4.2-3
2=13.348df=6p.05
33.0% 19.1% 31.2%
20.6% 56.0% 12.0%
16.7% 16.7%
4.2-2
F1.81p0.317
64
4.2-3
2=8.217df6p=.223
4.2-2
F2.917p0.01
4.2-3
2=25.033df16p=.069
4.2-2
F2.917p0.01
4.2-3
2=16.142(a)df6p.05
31.8% 19.7%
42.2% 18.1% 59.3%
18.5%
4.2-2
F=2.917 p0.01
4-2-3
2=21.362df6p.05
65
80.0% 0%
80.0 0% 37.3% 22.0%
26.1% 14.5 %
4.2-2 (N376)
(A) B1
F
28 .57 .879 3.784
348 1.02 1.194
15-25 21 .76 1.179 .894
26-30 91 .86 1.111
30-35 149 1.07 1.234
36 115 1.03 1.158
93 1.09 1.100 .787
169 1.07 1.316
54 .83 1.023
11 .67 1.155
24 .82 1.079
5 .75 .989
18 .72 .959
66
187 .91 1.147 2.469
133 .97 1.148
54 1.31 1.329
12 .75 1.055 5.306***
44 .52 .792
58 .81 1.051 db
85 1.42 1.434 dc
176 .97 1.113
115 .89 1.082 3.403*
170 .97 1.199
50 1.46 1.373 ca
12 .58 .996
33 1.18 1.236 1.181
289 .95 1.182
17 1.29 1.213
9 .56 .726
179 1.21 1.284 2.917**
59 1.15 1.229
14 .86 .949
20 .22 .441
9 .67 1.155
14 .50 .707
5 .60 .915
35 .77 1.003
223 1.40 1.140 5.684**
83 1.24 1.148
27 1.17 1.323
5 .68 .974
70 .45 .832 4.516**
150 .94 1.133
138 1.34 1.425
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
67
4.2-3 (N376)
(A) (B2a)
P
3.918 2 .141 64.3% 25.0% 10.7%
45.1% 35.3% 19.5%
15-25 8.853 6 .182 61.9% 14.3% 23.8%
26-30 53.8% 27.5% 18.7%
30-35 42.3% 37.6% 20.1%
36 42.3% 37.6% 20.1%
13.073 12 .364 37.6% 47.3% 15.1%
46.2% 32.0% 21.9%
53.7% 25.9% 20.4%
54.5% 27.3% 18.2%
50.0% 37.5% 12.5%
66.7% .0% 33.3%
55.6% 33.3% 11.1%
3.457 4 .485 48.7% 33.7% 17.6%
46.6% 32.3% 21.1%
37.0% 44.4% 18.5%
13.275 8 .103 58.3% 33.3% 8.3%
63.6% 18.2% 18.2%
50.0% 32.8% 17.2%
37.6% 45.9% 16.5%
44.3% 34.1% 21.6%
13.348 6 .038* 47.8% 33.0% 19.1%
48.2% 31.2% 20.6%
32.0% 56.0% 12.0%
66.7% 16.7% 16.7%
8.217 6 .223 45.5% 30.3% 24.2%
48.4% 34.3% 17.3%
29.4% 58.8% 11.8%
55.6% 11.1% 33.3%
25.033 16 .069 38.0% 43.6% 18.4%
38.0% 43.6% 18.4%
58.2% 21.8% 20.0%
68
70.0% 15.0% 15.0%
77.8% 11.1% 11.1%
42.9% 42.9% 14.3%
66.7% .0% 33.3%
70.0% 15.0% 15.0%
16.142 6 .013* 48.4% 31.8% 19.7%
39.8% 42.2% 18.1%
22.2% 59.3% 18.5%
21.362 6 .002** 20.0% 80.0% .0%
20.0% 80.0% .0%
40.7% 37.3% 22.0%
59.4% 26.1% 14.5%
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
4-2-2
(F=1.688p=.195)(F=1.069p=.246)
(F=.865P=.521) (F=.466p=..761)
(F=2.589p=.053)
(F3.721p.05)
Scheff(5.1203.943)
(F=10.202p.001)
Scheff(4.4581.5144.9151.514
5.4641.5144.0251.5146.0001.5145.4641.5144.7501.514)
69
(F8.527p. 001) Scheff
(5.0194.6895.019
4.126)(F2.740p.05)
Scheff
(5.1363.3514.5603.351)
(F5.203p.01)
Scheff(4.5563.783)
4.2-4 (N376)
(A) (B3)
F
28 3.607 2.6224 1.688
348 4.210 2.3395
15-25 21 3.429 2.2819 1.069
26-30 91 4.060 2.3779
30-35 149 4.356 2.2841
36 115 4.135 2.4623
93 3.833 2.5392 .865
169 4.225 2.3452
54 4.213 2.1160
11 4.091 2.2674
24 4.500 2.3820
5 6.167 .5774
18 4.583 2.3468
187 3.783 2.3788 5.203**
133 4.556 2.2366
54 4.574 2.4017
12 3.500 2.6199 .466
44 4.000 2.1941
58 4.414 2.2422
85 4.229 2.3268
176 4.162 2.4409
70
115 3.943 2.3478 3.721*
170 4.391 2.1480
50 5.120 2.2396
12 5.083 1.9752
33 5.121 1.7942 2.589
289 4.176 2.3034
17 4.853 2.4671
9 3.333 2.4238
179 4.458 2.1173 10.202***
59 4.915 2.2112
14 5.464 2.2315
20 4.025 1.8387
9 6.000 2.0310
14 5.464 2.2315
5 4.750 3.5607
35 1.514 2.1021
223 4.126 2.3143 8.527***
83 4.689 2.1266
27 5.019 2.2338
5 3.700 2.5642 12.226***
70 5.136 2.1685
150 4.560 2.0805
138 3.351 2.3849
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
71
(ANOVA) 4.3-1
F=1.828p=.142F=.977p=.378
F=.525p=.666F=.593p=.620
F=11.987p.01
F=3.518p.01
F
7.011p.001
1.64.741.73.70
F=3.871p.001
Scheff
F=3.507p.001
F=6.040p.01
72
4.3-1 (N376)
(A) C1
F
28 .39 .875 11.987**
348 1.47 1.624
15-25 21 .86 1.459 1.828
26-30 91 1.19 1.437
30-35 149 1.44 1.646
36 115 1.57 1.681
93 1.31 1.391 3.518**
169 1.73 1.798
54 1.19 1.415
11 .36 1.206
24 .67 1.239
5 .67 1.155
18 .94 1.110
187 1.43 1.558 .977
133 1.26 1.561
54 1.61 1.857
12 1.00 1.595 7.011***
44 .70 .978
58 .74 1.396
85 1.73 1.861
176 1.64 1.557
115 1.46 1.558 .525
170 1.39 1.596
50 1.54 1.897
12 .92 1.165
33 1.70 1.928 .593
288 1.38 1.527
19 1.12 1.536
9 1.44 1.878
179 1.80 1.753 3.871***
59 .98 1.320
14 1.07 1.439
73
20 .00 .000
9 .67 1.155
14 .00 .000
5 1.33 1.415
35 1.00 1.414
223 1.38 1.566 3.507*
83 1.73 1.920
27 1.44 1.281
5 1.60 1.517 6.040**
70 1.57 1.741
150 1.75 1.765
138 .98 1.217
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
4.3-2 4.3-2
2=7.361df=5P=.195
53.6%
2=19.298df=15p=.201
15-25 19.0%26-30
25.3%30-35 38.9%36 41.7%
2=32.832df=30
p=.330 49.5%
54.5% 66.7%
0% 33.3%
2=7.513df=10
74
p=.676
46.3%
2=28.101df=20
p=.107 14.1%
2=28.113df=15
p.05 60.0%
8.3% 25.0%
2=27.341df=15
p.05 41.2% 29.4%
35.6% 16.6%
( 2=80.638df=40
p.001 48.6% 16.2%
37.3% 15.3%
21.8% 18.2%
2=50.580df=20
p.001 59.3% 11.1%
2=32.375df=15
75
p.01 40.0%
40.0%
4.3-2 (N376)
(A)
P
7.361 5 .195 53.6% 32.1% 10.7% 3.6% .0% .0%
31.3% 35.6% 19.0% 7.2% 2.0% 4.9%
15-25 19.298 15 .201 42.9% 19.0% 14.3% 19.0% 4.8% .0%
26-30 38.5% 25.3% 19.8% 7.7% 2.2% 6.6%
30-35 29.5% 38.9% 20.8% 6.0% .7% 4.0%
36 31.3% 41.7% 14.8% 5.2% 2.6% 4.3%
32.832 30 .330 26.9% 49.5% 14.0% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%
26.9% 49.5% 14.0% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%
38.9% 33.3% 16.7% 3.7% 1.9% 5.6%
54.5% 9.1% 27.3% .0% .0% 9.1%
33.3% 37.5% 20.8% 4.2% .0% 4.2%
66.7% .0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%
50.0% 38.9% 5.6% 5.6% .0% .0%
7.513 10 .676 35.3% 34.2% 19.3% 5.9% 1.6% 3.7%
33.1% 33.1% 19.5% 7.5% 2.3% 4.5%
22.2% 46.3% 13.0% 9.3% 1.9% 7.4%
28.101 20 .107 41.7% 25.0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%
47.7% 15.9% 15.9% 13.6% 4.5% 2.3%
41.4% 31.0% 15.5% 6.9% .0% 5.2%
23.5% 45.9% 14.1% 8.2% 2.4% 5.9%
30.1% 37.5% 21.0% 5.1% 1.7% 4.5%
28.113 15 .021* 33.0% 32.2% 19.1% 9.6% 3.5% 2.6%
33.5% 34.1% 21.2% 4.1% 1.2% 5.9%
22.0% 60.0% 6.0% 6.0% 2.0% 4.0%
58.3% 8.3% 25.0% 8.3% .0% .0%
27.341 15 .026* 27.3% 39.4% 24.2% 9.1% .0% .0%
34.9% 35.6% 16.6% 6.2% 1.7% 4.8%
23.5% 41.2% 29.4% 5.9% .0% .0%
76
33.3% 22.2% 22.2% .0% 22.2% .0%
80.638 40 .000*** 24.0% 48.6% 16.2% 3.9% 1.7% 5.6%
27.1% 37.3% 15.3% 11.9% 3.4% 5.1%
49.1% 21.8% 18.2% 7.3% .0% 3.6%
65.0% 15.0% 15.0% .0% .0% 5.0%
33.3% .0% 55.6% 11.1% .0% .0%
21.4% 21.4% 21.4% 21.4% 14.3% .0%
66.7% .0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%
45.7% 14.3% 25.7% 11.4% .0% 2.9%
50.580 20 .000*** 35.0% 36.3% 19.3% 4.9% .4% 4.0%
22.9% 36.1% 14.5% 10.8% 6.0% 9.6%
14.8% 59.3% 11.1% 11.1% 3.7% .0%
32.375 15 .006** .0% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% .0% .0%
18.6% 48.6% 21.4% 8.6% 2.9% .0%
28.7% 37.3% 17.3% 6.7% 1.3% 8.7%
44.2% 26.8% 17.4% 6.5% 2.2% 2.9%
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
77
(F38.189p.001) Scheff
(F26.012p.001) Scheff
(F6.973p.001)
(F7.160p.001)
(
4.4-1)(2234.048df20p.001)
(2420.175df20p.001)
14.3%20.3% 83.5%
78
71.0%
4.4-1 (N376)
B Exp(B)
0.773 0.508 0.129
0.909 0.289 0.002** 0.176
-0.117 0.049 0.017* -0.125
0.207 0.071 0.004** 0.157
-0.178 0.162 0.273 -0.057
-0.045 0.029 0.115 -0.084
334 10
52.921*** NagelkerkeR 0.196
2.351 0.894 0.009**
-2.823 0.770 0.000*** 0.059
-0.031 0.038 0.421* 0.970
-0.070 0.158 0.656 0.932
0.035 0.147 0.811 1.036
353 4
35.728*** NagelkerkeR 0.128
2.247 0.898 0.012* 9.460
0.024 0.057 0.672 1.024
-0.265 0.155 0.087 0.767
-0.078 .042 0.063 0.925
-0.355 0.179 .047* 0.701
-0.176 0.153 0.250 0.838
353 6
12.333 NagelkerkeR 0.052
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
79
30
5.1-1
80
5.1-1
**
*
* **
*** *
** * *
*** ***
* * * ***
*** ** ***
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
81
5.1-2
5.1-2
**
**
***
*
*
*** ***
* ***
** **
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
5.1-3
82
5.1-3
*** ***
*** ***
*** ***
*** ***
*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001
83
46 30