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CCNA Semester 1

Chapter 05Chap

ter 05

CABLING LANS ANDCABLING LANS AND

WANSWANS

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ObjectivesObjectives

Identify characteristics of Ethernet networks.

Identify straight-through, crossover, androllover cables.

Describe the function, advantages, anddisadvantages of repeaters, hubs, bridges,switches, and wireless network components.

Describe and differentiate between serial,Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN),digital subscriber line (DSL), and cablemodem WAN connections.

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Table of ContentTable of Content

1 Cabling the LAN

2 Cabling the WAN

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CABLING THE LANCABLING THE LAN

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LAN Physical LayerLAN Physical Layer

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Each type of media has advantages anddisadvantages. These are based on the

following factors: Cable length

Cost

Ease of installation Susceptibility to interference

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Ethernet In The CampusEthernet In The Campus

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Ethernet Media And Connector RequirementsEthernet Media And Connector Requirements

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Connection MediaConnection Media

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RJ-45 PlugRJ-45 Plug

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RJ-45 JackRJ-45 Jack

The jack is the femalecomponent in anetwork device, wall

outlet, or patch panel

Punch-downconnections at theback of the jack where

the Ethernet UTP cableconnects.

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UTP ImplementationUTP Implementation

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Straight-through CableStraight-through Cable

Switch to router Switch to PC or server

Hub to PC or server

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Cross-over CableCross-over Cable

Switch to switch Switch to hub Hub to hub Router to router

PC to PC Router to PC

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UTP Crossover CableUTP Crossover Cable

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UTP UsageUTP Usage

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RepeatersRepeaters

A repeater receives a sig.,

regenerates it

It can retime network signals at thebit

level to allow them to travel alonger

distance on the media

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HubsHubs

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HubsHubs

Passive A passive hub serves as a physical connection point

only.

It does not manipulate or view the traffic that crosses

it. It does not boost or clean the signal.

Active

It needs power to amplify the incoming signal before

passing it out to the other ports.

Intelligent

These devices basically function as active hubs

It also includes a microprocessor chip and diagnosticcapabilities.

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Wireless MediaWireless Media

Wireless signals are electromagneticwaves that travel through the air

Wireless networks use radio frequency(RF), laser, infrared (IR), satellite, ormicrowaves to carry signals betweencomputers without a permanent cableconnection.

No need for cabling to the hosts; theonly permanent cabling can be to theaccess points for the network

A common application of wireless data

communication is for mobile use

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At the core of wireless communication aredevices called transmitters and receivers

The transmitter converts source data to

electromagnetic waves that are sent to thereceiver

The receiver then converts theseelectromagnetic waves back into data for the

destination

For two-way communication, each devicerequires a transmitter and a receiver

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Many networking device manufacturers

build the transmitter and receiver into asingle unit called a transceiver or wirelessnetwork card

All devices in a WLAN must have the correct

wireless network card installed

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The two most common wireless technologiesused for networking are IR and RF

IR technology has its weaknesses - must be in

the line of sight of the transmitter to workcorrectly

IR networking technology can be installedquickly

New IR technologies will be able to work out of

sight

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RF technology allows devices to be in differentrooms or buildings

The limited range of radio signals restricts

the use of this kind of network

RF technology can be on single or multiplefrequencies

A single radio frequency is subject to outsideinterference and geographic obstructions

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It is also easily monitored by others, whichmakes the transmissions of data insecure

Spread spectrum uses multiple

frequencies to increase the immunity tonoise and to make it difficult for outsiders tointercept data transmissions

Two forms of spread spectrum for WLANtransmissions are Frequency HoppingSpread Spectrum (FHSS) and DirectSequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

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WirelessWireless

Access Points

Desktop

Laptop

Server

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BridgesBridges

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SwitchesSwitches

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Micro-segmentationMicro-segmentation

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Host Connectivity: NICHost Connectivity: NIC

The function of a NIC is to connect ahost device to the network medium

A NIC is a printed circuit board that fitsinto the expansion slot on themotherboard or peripheral device of acomputer

The NIC is also referred to as anetwork adapter

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NICs are classified as Data Link Layer(Layer 2) devices because each NICcarries a unique code called a MAC

addressThis address is used to control data

communication for the host on the

network NICs control host access to the

medium.

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Peer-to-peerPeer-to-peer

In a peer-to-peer network, networkedcomputers act as equal partners, or peers

Individual users control their own resources

Peer-to-peer networks are relatively easy toinstall and operate

As networks grow, peer-to-peer relationships

become increasingly difficult to coordinate

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Client/serverClient/server

network services arelocated on adedicated computercalled a server

Servers are designedto handle requestsfrom many clients

simultaneously Data generated is

easier to back-up

and maintain

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Client/serverClient/server

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CABLING THE WANCABLING THE WAN

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WAN Physical LayerWAN Physical Layer

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WAN Serial ConnectionsWAN Serial Connections

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WAN Serial ConnectionsWAN Serial Connections

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Routers and Serial ConnectionsRouters and Serial Connections

CSU/DSUFrameRelay

CSU/DSU

DTE DCE DTEDCE

Data Terminal EquipmentEnd of users deviceon the WAN link

Data Communications Equipment End of providers siteOf communication facility

Responsible for clocking

it is necessary to determine whether DTE orDCE connectors are required.

DCE like CSU/DSU will perform signal

clocking

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Routers and Serial ConnectionsRouters and Serial Connections

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Fixed Module RouterFixed Module Router

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Module RouterModule Router

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Routers and ISDN BRI ConnectionsRouters and ISDN BRI Connections

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Routers and DSL ConnectionsRouters and DSL Connections

The Cisco 827 ADSL router has one asymmetric digitalsubscriber line (ADSL) interface.

To connect an ADSL line to the ADSL port on a router

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Setting up Console ConnectionsSetting up Console Connections

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SummarySummary

Use a crossover cable to connect between two similar

devices, such as switches, routers, PCs, and hubs.

Use a straight-through cable to connect between

different devices. WANs use serial data transmission. WAN connection

types include ISDN, DSL, and cable modems.

A router is usually the DTE and needs a serial cable to

connect to a DCE device like a CSU/DSU. The ISDN BRI has two types of interfaces, S/T and U

interfaces

Rollover cable is used to connect a terminal and the

console port of an internetworking device

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CCNAv3.3 105