8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

1/48

1

CCNA Semester 2

Chapter 01Chap

ter 01

WANs AND ROUTERsWANs AND ROUTERs

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

2/48

2

Table of ContentTable of Content

1 WANs2 Router

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

3/48

3

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify organizations responsible for WANstandards The difference between a WAN and LAN The type of standards and protocols are used in

WAN Identify internal components of the router and

their functions Describe the physical characteristics of the

router Identify management, LAN and WAN ports on a

router

Properly connect Ethernet, serial WAN, andconsole ports

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

4/48

4

WANsWANs

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

5/48

5

Introduction to WANsIntroduction to WANs

What is a WAN? A WAN is a data communications network that

covers a relatively broad geographic area and thatoften uses transmission facilities provided by

common carriers Major characteristics

They connect devices that are separated by widegeographical areas.

They use the services of carriers to establish thelink

They use serial connections of various types toaccess bandwidth over large geographic areas

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

6/48

6

LANs vs WANsLANs vs WANs

A WAN operates at the physical layer, thedata link layer and the network layer of theOSI reference model

LAN WAN

? ?

? ?

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

7/48 7

WAN devices

Router Modem CSU/DSU Access Server WAN Switch

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

8/48 8

WAN devices

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

9/48

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

10/48 1

WAN devices

An access server acts as a concentration point for dial-in and dial-out connections

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

11/48 1

WAN devices

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

12/48 1

WAN devices

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

13/48 1

WAN devices

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

14/48 1

WANs standards and protocols

Data Link

Router Modem or CSU/DSU

WAN physical layer protocols describe how toprovide electrical, mechanical, operational, andfunctional connections for WAN services

WAN data link protocols describe how frames arecarried between systems on a single data link.

Physical Modem or CSU/DSURouter

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

15/48 1

WANs standards and protocols

EIA/TIA-232, V.35,X.21, HSSI

Router Modem or CSU/DSU

HDLC High-level Data Link Control Frame Relay ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

16/48 1

WANs standards and protocols

International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T), formerly the Consultative Committeefor International Telegraph and Telephone(CCITT)

International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

17/48 1

ROUTERSROUTERS

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

18/48

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

19/48

1

Router physical characteristicsRouter physical characteristics

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

20/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: RAM/DRAMRAM/DRAM

Stores routing tables, ARP cache, switchingcache, packet buffering, and packet holdqueues.

Provides temporary and/or running memoryfor a router's configuration file while the

router is powered; RAM content is lost during a power down or

restart

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

21/48

2

RAM - Working StorageRAM - Working Storage

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

22/48

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

23/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: FLASHFLASH

Erasable, reprogrammable ROM. Holds the operating system image and

microcode. Flash memory enables software updates

without removing and replacing processorchips.

Flash content is retained during power downor restart. Flash memory can store multiple versions of

IOS software

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

24/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: ROMROM

Contains power-on diagnostics, a bootstrapprogram, and operating system software.

Software upgrades in ROM require removing

and replacing pluggable chips on the CPU.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

25/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: ConsoleConsole

Send commands to Router through a PCserial connection as COM1 or COM2.

Use a rollover cable and TERMINAL adapter.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

26/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: AuxiliaryAuxiliary

Send commands to Router through a MODEMconnection.

Use a rollover cable and MODEM adapter.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

27/48

2

Internal Components:Internal Components: InterfacesInterfaces

Network connections on the motherboard oron separate interface modules, throughwhich packets enter and exit a router.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

28/48

2

Router LANs and WANsRouter LANs and WANs

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

29/48

2

Network Layer Path DeterminationNetwork Layer Path Determination

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

30/48

3

Internetwork RoutersInternetwork Routers

Any internetwork must include the following: Consistent end-to-end addressing Addresses that represent network topologies Best path selection

Dynamic routing Switching

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

31/48

3

Router external connectionsRouter external connections

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

32/48

3

External Configuration SourcesExternal Configuration Sources

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

33/48

3

Connecting console interfacesConnecting console interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

34/48

3

Connecting AUX interfacesConnecting AUX interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

35/48

3

HyperTerminal session propertiesHyperTerminal session properties

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

36/48

3

Connecting Console InterfacesConnecting Console Interfaces

1. Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for thefollowing: The appropriate com port 9600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit No parity No flow control

1. Connect a rollover cable to the router console port (RJ-45connector).

2. Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the RJ-45to DB-9 adapter

3. Attach the female DB-9 adapter to a PC.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

37/48

3

Connecting router LAN interfacesConnecting router LAN interfaces

From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to ahub/switch: straight through cable From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a

PC/other Router: crossover cable.

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

38/48

3

Connecting LAN InterfacesConnecting LAN Interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

39/48

3

WAN connection typesWAN connection types

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

40/48

4

Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

41/48

4

Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

42/48

4

Router serial interfacesRouter serial interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

43/48

4

Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

44/48

4

Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

45/48

4

Academy approach to hands-on labsAcademy approach to hands-on labs

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

46/48

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

47/48

4

SummarySummary

The major difference between a WAN and a LAN organizations that define and manage the standards

used for WAN What layers are WANs operate at layer? The devices used in a WAN The main internal components of a router

There are three basic external connections on arouter

How to connect router console, LAN, and WAN ports

8/6/2019 CCNAv3.3 201

48/48

Q&AQ&A